非谓语作状语：51 非谓语作定语：19 非谓语作宾语27
非谓语作主语：3 独立主格结构：3 with的复合结构4
非谓语作状语2001 浙江13省35. such heavy pollution already ,it may now be too late to clean up the river .
A．Having suffered B．Suffering
C．To suffer D．Suffered
解析：考察非谓语作状语，此题的逻辑主语是？
非谓语作状语2001 上海春34. In order to improve English, ______. .
A. Jenny’s father bought her a lot of tapes
B. Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself
C. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny
D. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny’s father
解析：此题是对非谓语作状语的逆向考察，所以只需要选出与状语意思相符合的逻辑主语即可！
非谓语作宾语2001 上海春36. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to __ some schools for poor children.
A. set up
B. setting up
C. have set up
D. having set up
解析：此题考察的比较简单devote…to…其中的to的介词，但是此题是陷阱题，许多同学会误以为to是不定式的小品词，所以会选择A 选项。所以此题也可以用来灭学生！
非谓语作状语2001 上海春38. ___from heart trouble for years,
Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. A. Suffered B. Suffering C. Having suffered D. Being suffered 非谓语作状语2001 北京21. ____ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.
A. To sleep
B. Sleeping
C. Sleep
D. Having
非谓语作宾语2001 北京24. One learns a language by making mistakes and_ _ them.
A. correct
B. correcting
C. corrects
D. to correct
非谓语作状语2001 上海28. Feeling the car stolen, ___________________.
A.a policeman was asked to help
B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere
D. she hurried to a policeman for help
非谓语作宾语2001上海29. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears ___ everything.
A. to tell
B. to be told
C. to be telling
D. to have been told
非谓语作宾语2001 上海31. I really appreciate __ ___ to talk with you on this nice island.
A.to have had time
B. having time
C. to have time
D. to having time
非谓语作定语，状语2001 上海38. The bell __ ___ the end of the period
rang, ______ our heated discussion.
A. indicating….interrupting
B. indicated….interrupting
C. indicating….interrupted
D. indicated….interrupted
2002
非谓语作宾语2002 上海秋25. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving ___ ______ their products more competitive.
A. to make
B. making
C. to have made
D. having made
非谓语作定语2002 上海秋34 Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _____ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known
B. having been known
C. to be known
D. known
非谓语作主语2002 上海秋38 ________ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.
A. Exposed
B. Having exposed
C. Being Exposed
D. After being exposed
非谓语作定语2002 全国34. —How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
—The key_ ______the problem is to meet the demand ______ by the customers.
A. to solving; making
B. to solving; made
C. to solve; making
D. to solve; made
非谓语作宾语2002 上海春25. In some parts of London, missing a bus means for another hour.
A. waiting
B. to wait
C. wait
D. to be waiting
非谓语作状语2002 上海春32. In order to make out city green, .
A. it in necessary to have planted more trees
B. many more trees need to plant
C. our city needs more trees
D. we must plant more trees
With 的复合结构2002 上海春37. With a lot of difficult problems , the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled
B. settling
C. to settle
D. being settled
2003
非谓语作宾语2003 上海37．The discovery of new evidence led to__ __ .
A．the thief having caught B．catch the thief
C．the thief being caught D．the thief to be caught
非谓语作宾补2003上海43．An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered____clear warnings before firing any shots .
A．to issue B．being issued
C．to have issued D．to be issued
非谓语作宾语2003 22. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found __ _ in the kitchen.
A. smoke
B. smoking
C. to smoke
D. smoked
非谓语作状语2003 上海春35.Friendship is like money：easier made than
A. kept
B. to be kept
C. keeping
D. being kept
非谓语作主语2003上海春36. the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.
A. The president will attend
B. The president to attend
C. The president attended
D. The president’s attending
非谓语作定语2003 上海春38.She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role in making the earth a better place to live.
A. to have played
B. to play
C. to be played
D. to be playing
2004
非谓语作状语2004 北京29. _____ in the queue for half an hour, Tom
suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A. To wait
B. Have waited
C. Having waited
D. To have waited
with 的复合结构2004 北京33. ______ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.
A. With
B. Besides
C. As for
D. Because of
非谓语作状语2004 福建27．The news reporters hurried to the airport, only_____ the film stars had left.
A．to tell B．to be told C．telling D．told
非谓语作宾语2004 福建34．Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time_ __ the exam.
A．pass B．to pass C．passed D. passing
非谓语作状语2004 广东26. ______ the program , they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A. Not completing
B. Not completed
C. Not having completed
D. Having not completed
非谓语做补语2004 湖南33. You were silly not ____ your car.
A. to lock
B. to have locked
C. locking
D. having locked
非谓语作定语2004 江苏31. The old man, __D_ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.
A. to work
B. working
C. to have worked
D. having worked
非谓语作宾语2004 辽宁25．I don’t know whether you happen _______,
but I’m going to study in the U.S.A. this September.
A．to be heard B．to be hearing C．to hear D．to have heard
非谓语作状语2004 辽宁30． ______ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
A．Attracting B．Attracted C．To be attracted D．Having attracted 非谓语作状语2004 全国二28. "We can’t go out in this weather," said Bob, _____ out of the window.
A. looking
B. to look
C. looked
D. having looked
非谓语作状语2004 全国三22．Helen had to shout __D___ above the sound of the music.
A. making herself hear
B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard
D. to make herself heard
非谓语做定语2004 全国三31．Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _____ in your mind instead of before your eyes.
A. to form
B. form
C. forming
D. having formed
非谓语做宾语2004 上海卷27. According to a recent U.S. survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week ________ TV.
A. to watch
B. to watching
C. watching
D. watch
非谓语作状语2004 全国四27.Alice returned from the manager's office, ____D___ me that the boss wanted to see me at once.
A. having told
B. tells
C. to tell D .telling
非谓语做补语2004 上海33. The flu is believed ______ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
A. causing
B. being caused
C. to be caused
D. be have caused
非谓语做定语2004上海34. The flowers ____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell
B. smelling
C. smelt
D. to be smelt
非谓语做定语2004 上海35. The disc, digitally ______ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded
B. recording
C. to be recorded
D. having recorded
非谓语做状语2004 上海42. Having been attacked by terrorists, ____ ____.
A. doctors came to their rescue
B.the tall building collapse
C. an emergency measure was taken
D. warnings were given to tourists
非谓语做补语2004 天津34. Don’t leave the water_______ while you brush your teeth.
A. run
B. running
C. being run
D. to run
非谓语作状语2004 浙江29. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ____ as 3M.
A. knowing
B.known
C. being known
D. to be known
非谓语做补语2004 重庆卷30. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions a gainst the laws get parents ________ .
A. worried
B. to worry
C. worrying
D. worry
2005
非谓语作宾语2005 安徽34．I really can't understand ______ her like that.
A．you treat B．you to treat C why treat D．you treating
非谓语做主语2005 北京卷28．It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. the answers ready will be of great help.
A．To have had B．Having had C．Have D．Having
非谓语作宾语2005北京卷30．When asked by the police, he said that he remembered at the party, but not .
A．to arrive; leaving
B．to arrive; to leave
C．arriving; leaving
D．arriving; to leave
非谓语做定语2005 北京32．The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses vacation to China.
A．paying B．paid C．to be paid D．being paid With的复合结构2005 北京34．I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise .
A．going on B．goes on C．went on D．to go on
非谓语做状语2005 福建29．—Can the project be finished as planned?
—Sure, it completed in time, we’ll work two more hours a day.
A．having got B．to get C．getting D．get
非谓语作定语2005 湖北21．The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well .
A．to spend B．spent C．being spent D．spending
非谓语做状语2005 湖北26．from other continents for millions of years ,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.
A．Being separated B Having separated
C．Having been separated D．To be separated
非谓语做状语2005 湖南22．in a white uniform , he looks more like a cook than a doctor .
A．Dressed B．To dress C．Dressing D．Having dressed 独立主格2005 湖南34．I send you 100 dollars today , the rest in a year .
A．follows B．followed C．to follow D．being followed 非谓语做补语2005 江苏25．---Is Bob still performing?
---I’m afraid not. He is said ________ the stage already as he has become an official.
A．to have left B．to leave C．to have been left D．to be left
非谓语做状语2005 江苏27．________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.
A．Having lost B．Lost C．Being lost D．Losing
With的复合结构2005 江西29．________ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor’s help to end her life.
A．Having given up hope of cure
B．With no hope for cure
C．There being hope for cure
D．In the hope of cure
2005江西31．The manager, _______ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.
A．who has made B．having made C．made D . making
非谓语作宾语2005 江西30．I think you’ll grow ________ him when you know him better.
A．liking B．to be like C．to like D．to be liking
非谓语作状语2005 全国一32．The storm left, D a lot of damage to this area.
A．caused B．to have caused
C．to cause D．having caused
非谓语做状语2005 山东27．Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _____ a record US$57.65 a barrel on April 4.
A．have reached B．reaching
C．to reach D．to be reaching
非谓语作状语2005 浙江8．______ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789.
A．To find out B．Finding out
C．Find out D．Having found out
非谓语2005 重庆26．Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, fun. 答案没有给
A．had B．have C．to have
D．having
非谓语作状语2006 全国三12.We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, ______ that all children like these things.
A. thinking
B. think
C. to think
D. thought
非谓语做状语2006 福建33._______for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.
A.Blamin
B.Blamed
C.To blame
D.To be blamed 2006 广东30. this cake, you'll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour.无答案
A. Having made
B. Make
C. To make
D. Making
非谓语做补语2006 湖北33.AIDS is said the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years. A. that it is B.to be
C. that is has been
D.to have been
非谓语作状语2006 湖北34.Don’t sit there nothing. Come and help me with this table.
A.do
B.to do
C. doing
D. and doing 非谓语做定语2006 湖南21. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket______ the desert.
A. covering
B. covered
C. cover D: to cover
非谓语作宾语2006湖南28. If you think that treating a woman well
means always ______her permission for things, think again.
A. gets
B. got
C. to get
D. getting
非谓语做宾语2006 湖南33. As the twentieth century, come to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting_______.
A. to use
B. to be used
C. to have used
D. to be using
非谓语做状语2006 江苏30. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always ________ the same things.
A. saying
B. said
C. to say D, having said
非谓语作宾语2006 江苏32. -- There is a story here in the paper about
a 110-year-old man.
-- My goodness! I can't imagine________ that old.
A. to be
B. to have been
C. being
D. having been
非谓语做宾语2006 江西29．After he became conscious，he remembered——and——on the head with s rod．
A．to attack; hit B．to be attacked；to be hit
C. attacking；be hit D．having been attacked；hit
非谓语做主语2006 江西32．It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness______.
A．to make B．to be made C．making D．being made 非谓语做主语2006 辽宁25.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students Chinese in the school, most were from Germany.
A. study; of whom
B. study; of them
C. studying; of them
D. studying; of whom
非谓语作定语2006 山东29. Five people won the ―China’s Green Figure‘s award, a title ____ to ordinary people their contributions to environmental protection.
A.being given
B. is given
C. given
D. was given
非谓语作定语2006 四川26. The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _____ in Beijing in 2008.
A. hold
B. holding
C. held
D.to be
held
非谓语做状语2006 四川33. ______with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.
A. Faced
B. Face
C. Facing
D. To face
非谓语作主语2006 上海31. Eugene's never willing to alter any of his opinions. It’s no use ____ with him.
A. to argue
B. arguing
C. argued
D. having argued
非谓语作宾语2006 上海33. Energy drinks are not allowed _____ in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.
A. to make
B. to be made
C. to have been
made D. to be making
非谓语做补语2006 上海36. The mother felt herself ____ cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield.
A. grow
B. grown
C. to grow
D. to have grown
非谓语作状语2006 上海40. _____ automatically ，the e-mail will be received by all the club members.
A. Mailed out
B. Mailing out
C. To be mailed out
D.
Having mailed out
非谓语作宾语2006陕西卷13.It is difficult to imagine his ________the decision without any consideration.
A. accept
B. accepting
C. to accept
D. accepted
非谓语作状语2006 陕西18. He hurried to the booking office only______ that all the tickets had been sold out.
A. to tell
B. to be told
C. telling
D. told
非谓语作状语2006 陕西17.Faced with a bill for ＄10,000,________.
A. John has taken an extra job
B. the boss has given john an extra job
C. an extra job has been taken
D. an extra job has been given to John 非谓语作状语2006 安徽21．My cousin came to see me from the country, me a full basket of fresh fruits．
A．brought B．bringing
C．to bring D．had brought
非谓语做定语2006 安徽35．Mr. Green stood up in defense of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one ．
A．blamed B．blaming C．to blame D．to be blamed
非谓语作定语2006 北京28. There have been several new events to the program for the Beijing Olympic Game.
A. add
B. to add
C. adding
D. added
非谓语做宾语2006 北京35. I can’t stand with Jane in the same office. She just refuses talking while she works.
A. working; stopping
B. to work; stopping
C. working; to stop D . to work; to stop
非谓语作宾语2006 浙江18. It remains ________ whether Jim’ll be fit enough to play in the finals.
A. seen
B. to be seen
C. seeing
D. to see
非谓语做补语2006 天津7. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left .
A. unsatisfied
B. unsatisfying
C. to be unsatisfying
D. being unsatisfied
非谓语做补语2007 上海34. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice ______ him.
A. calling
B. called
C. being called
D. to call
非谓语做宾语2007 上海35. There is nothing more I can try ______ you to stay, so I wish you good luck.
A. being persuaded
B. persuading
C. to be persuaded
D. to persuade
非谓语做定语36. The Town Hall __C____ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.
A. to be completed
B. having been completed
C. completed
D. being completed
非谓语做补语2007 福建24.Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English in a short period.
A.improved
B.improving
C.to improve
D.improve
With的复合结构2007 福建26.—Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
—Sorry. With so much work B my mind, I almost break down.
A.filled
B.filling
C.to fill
D.being filled
非谓语作宾语2007 江西24. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there D for a space flight.
A.training
B.being trained
C.to have trained
D.to be trained
非谓语做状语2007 陕西15. that she didn’t do a good job, I don’t thin k I am abler than her.
A. To have said
B. Having said
C. To say
D. Saying 非谓语作状语2007 天津6. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ________ in the natural light during the day.
A. to let
B. letting
C. let
D. having let 独立主格2007 重庆25. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _______ for the day.
A. finishing
B. finished
C. had finished
D. were finished 非谓语作宾语2007 浙江卷9. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ______.
A. to be heard
B. to have heard
C. hearing
D. being
heard
非谓语作状语2007 浙江卷20. ______ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.
A. Driven
B. Being driven
C. To drive
D. Having driven
With的复合结构2007 安徽卷29. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ________, he gladly accepted it.
A. finished
B. finishing
C. having finished
D. was finished
非谓语做宾语2007 安徽卷30. -- Robert is indeed a wise man.
-- Oh, yes. How often I have regretted ______ his advice!
A." to take
B. taking
C. not to take
D. not taking
非谓语做宾语2007 辽宁29. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported ______ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.
A. breaking
B. having broken
C. to have broken
D. break
非谓语做宾语2007 辽宁34. You can't imagine what difficulty we had ______ home in the snowstorm.
A. walked
B. walk
C. to walk
D. walking
非谓语做定语7. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom.
A. opened and closed
B. to be opened and closed
C. being opened and closed
D. to open and close
非谓语作宾语2007 上海春33. All the staff in our company are considering to the city centre for the fashion show.
A. to go
B. going
C. to have gone
D. having gone
非谓语作状语2007 上海春38. the safety of gas, the government has checked the city’s gas supply system thoroughly.
A. To ensure
B. Ensuring
C. Having ensured
D. To have ensured
非谓语作状语2007 北京29、He is a student at Oxford University,____ for a degree in computer science.
A studied
B studying
C to have studied
D to be studying
非谓语作宾语2007 江苏28. –Can I smoke here?
--Sorry. We don’t allow ________ here.
A. people smoking
B. people smoke
C. to smoke
D.
smoking
非谓语作宾语2007 山东26．Please remain--------- until the plane has come to a complete stop.
A．to seal B．to be seated
C．seating D．seated
独立主格2007 山东33．The country has already sent up three unmanned
高考数学集合专项知识点总结为了帮助大家能够对自己多学的知识点有所巩固，下文整理了这篇数学集合专项知识点，希望可以帮助到大家! 一．知识归纳： 1.集合的有关概念。 1)集合(集)：某些指定的对象集在一起就成为一个集合(集).其中每一个对象叫元素 注意：①集合与集合的元素是两个不同的概念，教科书中是通过描述给出的，这与平面几何中的点与直线的概念类似。 ②集合中的元素具有确定性(a?A和a?A，二者必居其一)、互异性(若a?A，b?A，则a≠b)和无序性({a,b}与{b,a}表示同一个集合)。 ③集合具有两方面的意义，即：凡是符合条件的对象都是它的元素;只要是它的元素就必须符号条件 2)集合的表示方法：常用的有列举法、描述法和图文法 3)集合的分类：有限集，无限集，空集。 4)常用数集：N，Z，Q，R，N* 2.子集、交集、并集、补集、空集、全集等概念。 1)子集：若对x∈A都有x∈B，则A B(或A B); 2)真子集：A B且存在x0∈B但x0 A;记为A B(或，且) 3)交集：A∩B={x| x∈A且x∈B} 4)并集：A∪B={x| x∈A或x∈B}
5)补集：CUA={x| x A但x∈U} 注意：①? A，若A≠?，则? A ; ②若，，则; ③若且，则A=B(等集) 3.弄清集合与元素、集合与集合的关系，掌握有关的术语和符号，特别要注意以下的符号：(1) 与、?的区别;(2) 与的区别;(3) 与的区别。 4.有关子集的几个等价关系 ①A∩B=A A B;②A∪B=B A B;③A B C uA C uB; ④A∩CuB = 空集CuA B;⑤CuA∪B=I A B。 5.交、并集运算的性质 ①A∩A=A，A∩? = ?，A∩B=B∩A;②A∪A=A，A∪? =A，A∪B=B∪A; ③Cu (A∪B)= CuA∩CuB，Cu (A∩B)= CuA∪CuB; 6.有限子集的个数：设集合A的元素个数是n，则A有2n 个子集，2n-1个非空子集，2n-2个非空真子集。 二．例题讲解： 【例1】已知集合 M={x|x=m+ ,m∈Z},N={x|x= ,n∈Z},P={x|x= ,p∈Z}，则M,N,P满足关系 A) M=N P B) M N=P C) M N P D) N P M 分析一：从判断元素的共性与区别入手。
非谓语动词高考真题语法填空专练 语法填空： 1.When asked by the police, he said that he remembered __________(arrive) at the party, but not __________(leave ). 2._______( dress ) in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. 3.It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. __________(have) the answers ready will be of great help. 4.There were several new events ________( add) to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. 5.The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses _________( pay) vacation to China. 6.I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise __________(go ) on. 7.Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _____(reach) a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4. 8.In the dream Peter saw himself _______( chase) by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start. 9.He glanced over at her, ______( note) that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. 10.Tom sounds very much ________(interest ) in the job, but I’m not sure whether he can manage it. 11.He hurried to the station only ______(find) that the train had left. 12.The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well ______( spend). 13.I send you 100 dollars today, the rest ________( follow) in a year. 14.________( lose) in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. 15.The manager, _______( make) it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room. 16.While watching television, we heard the doorbell __________( ring). 17.______( surprise) and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. 18.“You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, __________( run) away. 19.He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _______( lose) the good opportunity. 20.______( put) into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. 21.It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _______( have ) a look at the sports stars. 22._________ out more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789. ( find) 23.Daddy didn't mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, ________( have ) fun. 24.You should understand the traffic rule by now. You've had it_______( explain) often enough. 25.I don't want _______( sound) like I' m speak ing ill of anybody, but the manager's plan is unfair. to 26.I really can't understand you ______( treat) her like that. 27.We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _______( think ) that all children like these things. 28.I can’t stand _______( work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _______( stop ) talking while she works. 29.The parents suggested ________( sleep) in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out
非谓语动词（不定式、动名词） 【考点概述】 非谓语动词的本意是不能做谓语的词性，但是它具有谓语动词的性质。非谓语动词是英语中特有的，在汉语中没有此概念。所以在掌握此语法是比较困难的，在平时的备考之中应注意多多练习。 【考点释义】 考点一：不定式 （1）构成：to+动词原形（do）如： I like to swim. 注意：不定式有省“to”的不定式和不省“to”的不定式两类，但多数以不省“to”的不定式为主。如：I heard him (to)sing. 我听到他在唱歌。 （2）句法功能： 1. 作主语 在英语中为了避免头重脚轻，当不定式作主语时有时主语太长时我们用形式主语“it”来作“形式主语”，将真正主语移植动词不定时之后。形式主语也就是我们所说的“不定式的复合结构”。其构成为“It +be +(for/of sb) to do sth. 如： ① It is very important ( us) to study English. = To study English is very important for us. 学英语对我们来说是很重要的 ② It is very kind ( you) to help me. = To help me is very kind of you. 你帮助我太好了。 【易错警示】我们在区别“of”和“for”的方法如下： 当介词“of”或“for”后面接的代词与前面形容词之间能否构成主谓逻辑关系就决定是用介词“of”或“for”。如果能够成主谓逻辑关系时我们使用介词“of”，反之则用介词“for”。例如上述两个例子。 ①It is very important (for us) to study English. Us is very important.（不成立） 由于不能构成主谓关系，所以用介词“for”。 ②It is very kind (of you) to help me. You are very kind. (成立) 由于构成主谓关系，所以用介词“of”。 2. 作宾语 当动词不定式作宾语是表示的是一种打算、希望、命令等。如: ① I want to read English magazines every day. 我每天想读英语杂志。（表想，希望） ② I determine to go for a long holiday. 我决定去度一个长假。（表打算，决定）【归纳】常接不定式作宾语的动词有如下： want determine decide hope plan except would like 等。 3. 作宾补 当动词不定时作宾补即宾语补足语时宾补与宾语之间就会构成主谓的逻辑关系，宾补成立的条件唯此一条。 接不定式作宾补的动词有：“advice”、“ask”、“force”、“persuade”、
非谓语动词考点总结归纳 非谓语动词包括不定式，动名词和分词。它们是高中所学的基础语法，也是高考必考内容。既是高考的难点又是高考的热点。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识： ①具有句子结构的知识，会分析句子成分。 ②具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识，要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。 ③具有扎实而丰富的动词知识，要分得清及物动词和不及物动词。 ④具备各种复合句的知识，能够拆析复合句和长难句。 1．三种非谓语动词的构成及变化形式。 To ●过去分词 done （无变化） ●所有非谓语动词的否定形式都是把否定副词not,never放在非谓语动词的前面。 2. 三种非谓语动词形式句法功能比较
考点一：非谓语作主语。 1. 在很多情况下没有明显的不同. Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe. 2. 不定式做主语表示某一次具体的,特定的或有待实现的动作, 而动名词则表示通常的情况. eg:To tell him the truth would be the best. / Painting is an art. 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，另一种形式是在句首用先行代词it作形式主语，而将动词不定式（短语）移到谓语之后作真正主语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容词，动词和名词 1)形容词作表语It is adj/n.(for sb.) to do sth. （常见的形容词是：necessary,important,possible等） It is adj./n.(of sb.) to do sth. (常见的形容词是clever,stupid,foolish,wise,cruel等) 2)常见的动词有：require, cost, amuse, delight, annoy等 eg: It takes much time to do sth./ It didn’t occur to me to ask him to help me. 3)一些名词作表语 eg: It seems a pity to waste them./It is a great pleasure to do this./It is a good idea to think this way 动名词做主语时常用的句型有： It is nice doing sth./It’s foolish doing sth./It is useless doing that/It’s a waste of time doing this. /It’s worth one’s while doing sth./ It’s no good (use) doing that. It’s an awful job doing this. /It’s fun doing this. There is/ was no sense in doing/no point in doing 考点二：非谓语动词作宾语详细见5+3 P70-72页 补充:1.begin和start在下列三种情况下, 通常跟不定式, 不跟动名词 1) 当begin和start的主语是无生命之物时. eg: Snow began to melt. 2) 当begin和start用于进行时时. eg: He is beginning to study English. 3) 当begin和start后面跟着一些表示心理状态的词时. eg: I began to believe his story. 2. be afraid to do 不敢去做…… be afraid of doing 害怕发生某事
原命题若p 则q 逆命题 若q 则p 互为逆否 互 逆否互 为逆 否否 互 集合与简易逻辑 知识回顾： （一） 集合 1. 基本概念：集合、元素；有限集、无限集；空集、全集；符号的使用. 2. 集合的表示法：列举法、描述法、图形表示法. 集合元素的特征：确定性、互异性、无序性. 3 ⑴①一个命题的否命题为真，它的逆命题一定为真. 否命题?逆命题. ②一个命题为真，则它的逆否命题一定为真. 原命题?逆否命题. (二)含绝对值不等式、一元二次不等式的解法及延伸 1.含绝对值不等式的解法 （1）公式法：c b ax <+,与)0(>>+c c b ax 型的不等式的解法. （2）定义法：用“零点分区间法”分类讨论. （3）几何法：根据绝对值的几何意义用数形结合思想方法解题. 特例① 一元一次不等式ax>b 解的讨论； 2 （三）简易逻辑 1、命题的定义：可以判断真假的语句叫做命题。 2、逻辑联结词、简单命题与复合命题： “或”、“且”、“非”这些词叫做逻辑联结词；不含有逻辑联结词的命题是简单命题；由简单命题和逻辑联结词“或”、“且”、“非”构成的命题是复合命题。 构成复合命题的形式：p 或q(记作“p ∨q ” )；p 且q(记作“p ∧q ” )；非p(记作“┑q ” ) 。 3、“或”、 “且”、 “非”的真值判断 （1）“非p ”形式复合命题的真假与F 的真假相反；
（2）“p 且q ”形式复合命题当P 与q 同为真时为真，其他情况时为假； （3）“p 或q ”形式复合命题当p 与q 同为假时为假，其他情况时为真． 4、四种命题的形式： 原命题：若P 则q ； 逆命题：若q 则p ； 否命题：若┑P 则┑q ；逆否命题：若┑q 则┑p 。 6、如果已知p ?q 那么我们说，p 是q 的充分条件，q 是p 的必要条件。 若p ?q 且q ?p,则称p 是q 的充要条件，记为p ?q. 函数 知识回顾： （一） 映射与函数 1. 映射与一一映射 2.函数 函数三要素是定义域，对应法则和值域，而定义域和对应法则是起决定作用的要素，因为这二者确定后，值域也就相应得到确定，因此只有定义域和对应法则二者完全相同的函数才是同一函数. （二）函数的性质 ⒈函数的单调性 定义：对于函数f(x)的定义域I 内某个区间上的任意两个自变量的值x 1,x 2, ⑴若当x 1
2016-2017年高考非谓语动词试题汇编 1.(2016天津卷4) The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, _______ air conditioning unnecessary. A.making B. to make C. made D. being made 2.(2016浙江卷10) To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d li ke you to look at a study _______in Australia in 2012. A.being conducted B. to be conducted C. conducting D. conducted 3.(2016浙江卷19) I had as much fun sailing the sea as I now do _______ with students. A.working B. work C. to work D. worked 4.(2016江苏卷28) In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message _______ within the work. A.to hide B. hidden C. hiding D. being hidden 5.(2017北京卷27) Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online _______ their valuable time. A.save B. saving C. to save D. saved 6.(2017北京卷30) The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _______ from butterflies to elephants. A.ranging B. range C. to range D. ranged 7.(2017北京卷32) Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time _______ with his students. A.to spend B. spend C. spending D. spent 8.(2017江苏卷21) Many Chinese brands, ________ their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market. A.having developed B. being developed C. developed D. developing 9.(2017天津卷10) I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train _______. A.catching B. caught C. to catch D. to be caught 10.(2017天津卷14) The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________ more patients to be treated. A.being allowed B. allowing C. having allowed D. allowed 2015非谓语动词 1. ______ the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. （2015安徽27） A. Ignore B. Ignoring C. Ignored D. Having ignored 2.____ in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star. （2015重庆6） A. Being raised B. Raising C. Raised D. To raise 3. Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way____ the sun and the stars. （2015重庆11） A. used B. having used C. using D. use 4. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it live is quite another. （2015浙江18）
非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。 主语/表语： 不定式和ing分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？ 1.表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。 2.动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首。 1) Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here. 2) It is not very good for you to smoke so much. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词, 应保持形式上的一致。
宾语： 1. 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如： …… manage, promise, pretend, plan, offer, agree, ask, dare, choose, fail, help(帮助)，want(想要) , refuse等。 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 2. 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如： ……practise, appreciate, dislike, excuse, forgive, keep, resist, risk, deny, advise, fancy, complete, forbid, permit, allow, stand, refer to, give up, lead to, take to, set about, get down to, object to, succeed in, have difficulty in... 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。 3.有些动词如begin, start; love, like, hate, prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing分词作宾语，意义上无多大区别(但ing分词一般表示经常性的行为；不定式表示具体的行为)。 4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。go on (stop/remember/regret)to do/doing can’t help to do / doing try to do/ doing mean to do（打算）/ doing（意味）be used to do / doing ( get used to doing)(used to do) 5.动词need, require, want作“需要”，deserve作“应受，应得”，主动表被动 定语： 不定式、ing 分词和过去分词都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。 分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作。 不定式用来修饰序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定词的中心词，表主动关系。 E.g.: The car to be bought is for his sister. / He was the best man to do the job. The houses being built are for the teachers. Developing countries/ developed countries 补语： 1.能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语的动词有：ask, advise, tell, force, get, allow, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, intend,expect, encourage, persuade, permit, request,order, warn, cause等。 Think, consider, believe, suppose, feel等后常用“to be....”作补语。 E.g.: You are not allowed to smoke here. People considered him to be a great leader. 2.使役动词，感官动词接不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的使役动词有make, let, have等；感官动词有see, hear, watch, observe, notice, feel以及look at, listen to等。 ◆“吾看三室两厅一感觉”---5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）3使（make,
[全国通用]高中数学高考知识点总结 1. 对于集合，一定要抓住集合的代表元素，及元素的“确定性、互异性、无序性”。 {}{}{}如：集合，，，、、A x y x B y y x C x y y x A B C ======|lg |lg (,)|lg 中元素各表示什么？ 2. 进行集合的交、并、补运算时，不要忘记集合本身和空集的特殊情况。? 注重借助于数轴和文氏图解集合问题。 空集是一切集合的子集，是一切非空集合的真子集。 {} {}如：集合，A x x x B x ax =--===||22301 若，则实数的值构成的集合为B A a ? （答：，，）-?????? 1013 3. 注意下列性质： {} （）集合，，……，的所有子集的个数是；1212a a a n n （）若，；2A B A B A A B B ??==I Y （3）德摩根定律： ()()()()()()C C C C C C U U U U U U A B A B A B A B Y I I Y ==， 4. 你会用补集思想解决问题吗？（排除法、间接法） 如：已知关于的不等式的解集为，若且，求实数x ax x a M M M a --<∈?50352 的取值范围。
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高考非谓语动词专项练习题及答案详解 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．The woman, when _______ how her husband was injured, began to cry. A．asked B．to ask C．asking D．ask 【答案】A 【解析】 2．In 2012, Sun Yang became the first Chinese man _____ an Olympic gold medal in swimming. A．winning B．to win C．having won D．being won 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查不定式作定语。句意：在2012年，孙杨成为第一个获得奥运会游泳比赛金牌的中国男运动员。当名词前面有序数词修饰或被修饰的词就是序数词的时候，通常要用不定式作定语。如the first to come and the last to leave，本句中Chinese man前面有序数词the first修饰，所以后面要用不定式作定语。故B项正确。 3．I stopped the car ____ a short break as I was feeling tired. A．take B．taking C．to take D．taken 【答案】C 【解析】 句意：我停下车来休息一会儿，因为我感觉累了。此处动词不定式表目的，故选C。 【考点定位】考查非谓语动词 4．They might just have a place ________ on the writing course—why don’t you give it a try? A．leave B．left C．leaving D．to leave 【答案】B 【解析】 此处left过去分词作定语修饰a place，被留下的留给写作课程的地方（机会）。句意：他们可能还有个学习写作课的机会，你为什么不试一试呢？ 【考点定位】本题考查非谓语动词的用法。 5．After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on all the people who had helped in her career. A．to thank B．thanking C．having thanked D．to have thanked
非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词 I非谓语动词有哪些不冋的形式？— 不定式除一般式.完成式以外还有一进行式 主语/表语： 不定式和ing分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？ 1.表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。 2.动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末」it作形式主语放在句首。 1）Smok ing is prohibited 禁止）here. 2）It is not very good for you to smoke so much. -See ing is believ ing. *-To see is to believe. 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词，应保持形式上的一致。 { no use/good 1 not stoy t, - 0 +Sill.
of little usc/good useless
宾语： 1.有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如： ... man age, promise, prete nd, pla n, ofer, agree, ask, dare, choose, fail, he帮助）,want（想要）,refuse等。 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 2.有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如： ... practise, appreciate, dislike, excuse, forgive, keep, resist, risk, deny, advise, fancy, complete, forbid, permit, allow, sta nd, refer to, give up, lead to, take to, set about, get dow n to, object to, succeed in, have difficulty in … 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。 3.有些动词如begin, start; love, like, hate, prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing分词作宾语，意义上无多大区别（但ing分词一般表示经常性的行为；不定式表示具体的行为）。 4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。 go on （stop/remember/regret）to do/do ing can' t help to do / doing try to do/ doing mean to do （打算）/ doing （意味）be used to do / doing （get used to doing）（used to do） 5.动词need, require, want作“需要”，deserve作“应受，应得”，主动表被动定语： 不定式、ing分词和过去分词都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。 分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作。 不定式用来修饰序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定词的中心词，表主动关系。 E.g.: The car to be bought is for his sister. / He was the best man to do the job. The houses being built are for the teachers. Develop ing coun tries/ developed coun tries 补语： 1.能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语的动词有：ask, advise, tell, force, get, allow, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, i nten d,expect, en courage, persuade, permit, request,order, warn, caus等0 Think, consider, believe, suppose, fee等后常用“ to be....”作补语。 E.g.: You are not allowed to smoke here. People con sidered him to be a great leader. 2.使役动词，感官动词接不带to的不定式作宾语补足 语。常见的使役动词有 make, let, have等；感官动词有see, hear, watch, observe, notice, fee以及look at, listen to 等。
集合 一．【课标要求】 1．集合的含义与表示 （1）通过实例，了解集合的含义，体会元素与集合的“属于”关系； （2）能选择自然语言、图形语言、集合语言（列举法或描述法）描述不同的具体问题，感受集合语言的意义和作用； 2．集合间的基本关系 （1）理解集合之间包含与相等的含义，能识别给定集合的子集； （2）在具体情境中，了解全集与空集的含义； 3．集合的基本运算 （1）理解两个集合的并集与交集的含义，会求两个简单集合的并集与交集； （2）理解在给定集合中一个子集的补集的含义，会求给定子集的补集； （3）能使用Venn图表达集合的关系及运算，体会直观图示对理解抽象概念的作用二．【命题走向】 有关集合的高考试题，考查重点是集合与集合之间的关系，近年试题加强了对集合的计算化简的考查，并向无限集发展，考查抽象思维能力，在解决这些问题时，要注意利用几何的直观性，注意运用Venn图解题方法的训练，注意利用特殊值法解题，加强集合表示方法的转换和化简的训练。考试形式多以一道选择题为主。 预测高考将继续体现本章知识的工具作用，多以小题形式出现，也会渗透在解答题的表达之中，相对独立。具体 三．【要点精讲】 1．集合：某些指定的对象集在一起成为集合 a∈；若b不是集合A的元素，（1）集合中的对象称元素，若a是集合A的元素，记作A b?； 记作A （2）集合中的元素必须满足：确定性、互异性与无序性； 确定性：设A是一个给定的集合，x是某一个具体对象，则或者是A的元素，或 者不是A的元素，两种情况必有一种且只有一种成立；
互异性：一个给定集合中的元素，指属于这个集合的互不相同的个体（对象），因此，同一集合中不应重复出现同一元素； 无序性：集合中不同的元素之间没有地位差异，集合不同于元素的排列顺序无关； （3）表示一个集合可用列举法、描述法或图示法； 列举法：把集合中的元素一一列举出来，写在大括号内； 描述法：把集合中的元素的公共属性描述出来，写在大括号{}内。 具体方法：在大括号内先写上表示这个集合元素的一般符号及取值（或变化）范围，再画一条竖线，在竖线后写出这个集合中元素所具有的共同特征。 注意：列举法与描述法各有优点，应该根据具体问题确定采用哪种表示法，要注意，一般集合中元素较多或有无限个元素时，不宜采用列举法。 （4）常用数集及其记法： 非负整数集（或自然数集），记作N ； 正整数集，记作N *或N +； 整数集，记作Z ； 有理数集，记作Q ； 实数集，记作R 。 2．集合的包含关系： （1）集合A 的任何一个元素都是集合B 的元素，则称A 是B 的子集（或B 包含A ），记作A ?B （或B A ?）； 集合相等：构成两个集合的元素完全一样。若A ?B 且B ?A ，则称A 等于B ，记作A =B ；若A ?B 且A ≠B ，则称A 是B 的真子集，记作A B ； （2）简单性质：1）A ?A ；2）Φ?A ；3）若A ?B ，B ?C ，则A ?C ；4）若集合A 是n 个元素的集合，则集合A 有2n 个子集（其中2n －1个真子集）； 3．全集与补集： （1）包含了我们所要研究的各个集合的全部元素的集合称为全集，记作U ； （2）若S 是一个集合，A ?S ，则，S C =}|{A x S x x ?∈且称S 中子集A 的补集； （3）简单性质：1）S C (S C )=A ；2）S C S=Φ，ΦS C =S 4．交集与并集：
1.(2011全国卷,27) The next thing he saw was smoke ______ from behind the house. A.rose B.rising C. to rise D.risen 2.(2011全国卷II,15) The island, ______ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined 3.(2011全国卷II,18) Sarah pretended to be cheerful,______ nothing about the argument. A. says B. said C. to say D. saying 4.（2011北京卷,25）It’s important for the figures ______ regularly. A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated 5.（2011北京卷,33）Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired,______ on you feet. A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept 6.（2011天津卷,7）Passeagers are permitted ______ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. A.to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried 7.（2011天津卷,12）______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated 8.（2011上海春招,34）Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house, ______ newly cleaned and polished. A. looked B. to look C. looking D. to be looking 9.（2011上海春招,36）______ in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the original fun park. A. Opened B. Having opened C. Opening D. Being opened 10.（2011上海春招,40）Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars ______ as a carpenter before. A. to work B. to be working C. to have worked D. to have been working 11.(2011山东卷,27) Look over there—there’s a very long, winding path ______ up to the house. A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead 12.（2011江苏卷,31）Recently a survey _______ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. A．compared B．comparing C．compares D．being compared 13.（2011福建卷,23）Tsinghua University,______ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded 14.（2011福建卷,27）The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable ______. A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold 15.（2011安徽卷, 30）Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the