英语专业四级语法汇总
语法回顾篇:
专四语法考点虚拟语气、情态动词、非谓语动词、复合句、倒装、小语法(省略,时态,反义疑问句,代词,强调句,主谓一致,冠词,形容词及副词)、as 的特殊用法。
专四英语语法考点串讲之一虚拟语气
一般说来,有下列几种考点需要考生注意(十考点及两备考点)
考点1. 与现在事实相反
从句谓语动词用did (be用were),
主句谓语动词would (should, could, might)+do;
考点2. 与过去事实相反
从句谓语动词用had done,
主句谓语动词用would(should, could, might)+ have done;
例如:
43. I _________the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people there.
A. would enjoy
B. will have enjoyed
C. would have enjoyed
D. will be enjoying
KEY: C
49. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _________ quite such
a crowd of people there.
A. weren’t
B. hasn’t been
C. hadn’t been
D. wouldn’t KEY: C
考点3.与将来事实相反,
从句谓语动词用:did (should + do或were + to do),
主句谓语动词用:would (should, could, might)+do。
例如:
43. If your car ___ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer. (08年)
? A. shall need B. should need C. would need D. will need KEY: B
考点4. 时态的交叉现象,也就是主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段
例如:
If you had gone to see the doctor,you would be all right now.你要是早去看病,你现在就没事了。
考点5. 虚拟条件句if可以省略,但从句的语序要用到装,即将were, had或should移至主语的前面形成倒装,但否定词not不前移。
例如:
65.___, he would not have recovered so quickly.(05年)
? A. Hadn't he been taken good care of
? B. Had he not been taken good care of
? C. Had not he been taken good care of
? D. Had he been not taken good care of
?KEY: B
考点6. insist(一个坚持);order, command(两道命令);suggest, advise, propose (三条建议);ask, require, request, demand (四点要求)及相应的名词的从句,谓语要使用:(should)+动词原形或动词原形
例如:
58. It was recommended that passengers ___ smoke during the flight. (04年)
? A. not B. need not C. could not D. would not
KEY: A
考点7. It is +advisable, essential, important, imperative, incredible等等相关的从句,谓语要使用:(should)+动词原形或动词原形
例如:
46. It is imperative that students ____ their term papers on time.(04年)
? A. hand in B. would hand in
? C. have to hand in D. handed in
?KEY: A
考点8. it is high(about) time that的结构中,从句使用一般过去式例如:
54 It’s high time we __ cutting down the rainforests.(06年)
A stopped
B had to stop
C shall stop
D stop
KEY: A
考点9. much as尽管,虽然,引导让步状语从句,从句中用would have done表示假设,可以使说话人的语气变得十分委婉,真诚。
例如:
52. Much as ____, I couldn’t lend him the money because I simply didn’t have
that much spare cash.(99年)
A. I would have liked to
B. I would like to have
C. I should have to like
D.I should have liked to
KEY: A
考点10. if only表示要是…就好了相当于wish, as if/as though 的用法。
与现在事实相反:动词过去式
与过去事实相反: had + done
与将来事实相反:could/would + do
例如:
52. If only I __play the guitar as well as you! (06 年)
A would
B could
C should
D might KEY: B
备考1. would rather或would sooner后跟宾语从句,从句中使用一般过去式或过去完成式分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟,表示“宁愿某人作某事”
例如:
The manager would rather his daughter ____ in the same office now.
A. had not worked
B. not to work
C. does not work
D. did not work
KEY: D
备考2.用于lest, for fear that(唯恐,以防)引导的状语从句。在lest, for fear that 等引导的状语从句中,通常用"(should +)原形动词"这一虚拟语气形式例如:
The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he ________ himself.
A. injure
B. had injured
C. injured
D. would injure
KEY: A
专四语法考点串讲之二情态动词
考试中,情态动词部分重点测试以下内容:
(1)情态动词+行为动词完成式
(2)某些情态动词的特殊用法
1. must have v-ed
must have v-ed 表示推测过去某事“一定”发生了。其否定形式为:can’t / couldn’t have v-ed, 表示过去不可能发生某事。
例如:
Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night.
2. could have v-ed 表示推测过去某动作“很可能”发生了
3. may / might have v-ed 表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.may 比might 表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。
4.ought to / should have v-ed 和ought not to / shouldn’t have v-ed用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”,分别表示“本应该…”和“本不应该…”表示应完成而未完成的动作用于完成时中的否定句,表示不应完成但已做的动作
5.needn’t have v-ed 表示过去做了某事,但没有做的必要,意为“本没必要…”。
例如:You needn’t have waken me up; I don’t have to go to work today.
注意:did not need to do 动作并没发生
例:I didn’t need to get up early, so I didn’t get up until 9 a.m.
*特殊用法
(1) can’t表示“不可能”,may not 表示“不可以”,mustn’t(must not) 表示“不许可,禁止”,needn't (need not) 表示“不必”,dare not +动词原形表示“不敢”
(2) must表推测的否定现在式用can’t ,过去式用couldn’t
(3) May I / we …?这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, please.或Certainly;否定回答为Please don’t.或No, you mustn’t. 例如:
“May we leave now?” “No, you mustn’t. You haven’t finished your home work yet.”
(4) need I / we …?这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, we must; 否定回答为needn’t
(5)在回答must引起的问题时,如果是否定的答复,不能用mustn’t,而要用needn’t
或don’t have to
(6)May/might as well may……but….(表转折)
(7) I wish to go home with you, may I?
(8) Do help yourself to have fruit, won’t you/ will you? (表示一种委婉的请求)
*情态动词短语的使用
would like to do…
would rather do…
would rather + 从句
would prefer to do...
had better do...
*情态动词: will(愿意), shall(将), must(必须), can, may, would, should(应该), might, could, ought to, used to(过去常常), need(需要), dare(竟敢),have to(不得不)
*dare, need 也可作一般(行为)动词
*情态动词一般用法的否定:
mustn’t 不准, 禁止,不要can’t(couldn’t) 不会;不能;
may (might) not 不可以;
needn’t 没必要( = don’t have to )
used not/usedn’t to或didn’t use to… 过去不…
dare not 不敢
*情态动词推测用法
Must 一定,肯定can’t (couldn’t) 不可能
Can/ could 可能Can’t (couldn’t) 不可能
may/ might “可能,也许” May (might) not 也许不,可能不
*推断用法
should/ought to“按理应当,应该是;shouldn’t 不应该( = ought not to )
*情态动词+have +done结构表示对过去动作的推测
1.must have done:对过去的肯定推测,译作“一定做了…”,只能用于肯定句中。
其否定形式为can’t/couldn’t have done
It must have rained last night, for the road was quite muddy
2.can/ could have done:对过去的可能性推测,译作“可能做了…”。只能用疑
问句中
Can/Could he have said it? 他可能说过那种话吗?
3.may / might have v-ed:对过去的可能性推测,译作“也许能,有可能。
It’s too late. I think he may have gone to bed.
*情态动词+have+过去分词结构表示轻微的责备和后悔
肯定:过去应该做而没有做;
否定:过去不该(不必)做而做了。
⑴might/could+have+过去分词:“本来可以,早就应该”
(只用于肯定句,且不能用may, can)
You could have told me you were going to be late! 你应当早告诉我你会晚到的!
⑵should(ought to)+have+过去分词:“本应”(没做)
should not(ought not to)+have+过去分词:“本不该”(做了)
You should not have handed in your composition yesterday morning.你本不应把作文交了。
You should have been here earlier.你应该早点来才对。
3. needn't+have+过去分词:“本不必,本不须”(need只用于否定句)(做了)
You needn't have woken her up. It's only six.你其实不必叫醒她。现在才六点。
注意:did not need to do 动作并没发生(没做)
例:I didn’t need to get up early, so I got up until 9 a.m.
*八大注意点
1.在以could, might 表示征询对方意见或表示请求时,回答应相应使用can, may — Might I watch TV after supper? — Yes, you ________.
A. may
B. must
C. might
D. can
Key:A
2. May I / we …?这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, please.或Certainly;否定回答为Please don’t.或No, you mustn’t. 例如:
“May we leave now?” “No, you mustn’t. You haven’t finished your home work yet.”
3. need I / we …?这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, we must; 否定回答为needn’t
4. 在回答must引起的问题时,肯定must; 如果是否定的答复,不能用mustn’t,
而要用needn’t或don’t have to
5. I wish to go home with you, may I?
6. Do help yourself to have fruit, won’t you/ will you? (表示一种委婉的请求)
7.Shall 用于第三人称,表示许可,允许
8. let’s do this job, shall we? Let us do this job, will you?
9. should 也表示惊讶的语气,
例如:I was shocked that she should have said such a thing to you.(她竟然对你说那样的话,…)
*四大特殊结构
1.may/ might as well + 动词原形”意为“最好,满可以,倒不如, 不妨”,相当于had better
You may as well do it at once.
2.may well + 动词原形”是一种常见的结构,意为“(完全)能,很可能”
He may well be proud of his son.
他大可为儿子高兴。
3. cannot … too / enough 表示“无论怎么……也不算过分”、“越……越好”
You cannot be too careful.