英语自主招生讲义（基础）
第一部分：名校英语自主招生试题概况
1.北约联考：语法与词汇、阅读、选词填空、无选项填空、改错。
2.华约联考：完形填空、恢复原文阅读、阅读概括大意、翻译和作文。
3.卓越联考：完形填空、恢复原文阅读、翻译和作文。
4.上海外国语大学：听力、词汇、阅读、、完形填空、翻译、写作。
第二部分：试题解析
1. 语法：虚拟语气、非谓语动词、定语从句、比较从句、倒装、主谓一致、连词用法等；
2. 词汇：固定搭配、短语动词、形近词、近义词、生词；
3. 完形填空：词汇的精细用法（比重最大，形近词、近义词和搭配）、语法结构（代词、介
词、冠词和连词）、篇章理解（根据上下文的意思选词，注意信号词的作用）、逻辑推理和常识；
4. 选词填空：根据词性、搭配和词义选择。
5. 阅读理解：细节题、推断题、词义或短语意思题、文章或段落大意题、恢复原文题；
6. 写作：议论文或说明文
第三部分：试题讲解
语法
1. The multi-millionaire has reached the point_____ money no longer makes much
difference to him.
A．that B．which C．when D．where
2. There are fewer working hours in the executive jobs, _______ the job stress is
comparatively higher.
A．that B．where C．which D．what
3. _______ the quality of the runners, I think this week's 800 meters final could
produce a new Olympic record．
A．Judging from B．Be judged byC．Judged by D．To judge from
4. She was thankful that he?d had her baby in hospital; otherwise the baby _________.
A. died
B. might have died
C. had died
D. might die
5. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _______ after 11 o?clock at night.
A. not be played
B. not to play
C. were not played
D. did not play
6. There _____ no further business, the meeting came to a stop.
A. being
B. been
C. was
D. had been
7. The singer and dancer ____ our evening.
A. is to attend
B. are to attend
C. were to attend
D. is attended
8. It is rather cold here. They _______ have turned off the heater several hours ago.
A. should
B. ought to
C. must
D. might
9. I always took it for granted _______ I was far more intelligent than he was.
A. that
B. why
C. how
D. what
10. As fuel prices rose, bus companies raised their fares and _______.
A. so did the airlines
B. nor did the airlines
C. so the airlines did
D. nor the airlines did
词汇
11．They are fed up_________the old daily routine.
A．with B．of C．at D．on
12．The play is so intriguing that the audience quickly identified_______ the actors and actresses.
A．by B．for C．with D．on
13. The score that a student obtains before any adjustment and transformation is called the _____ score.
A．bare B．raw C．primitive D．crude
14. During the celebration, fireworks have been ________ at the bay.
A．set out B．set about C. set up D．set off 15．A series of lectures have_______the students? interest in science and technology.
A．arisen B．enforced C．risen D．aroused 16. He is such a(n)________teacher that he has devoted all his time and energy to his students.
A．conscientious B．conscious C．academic D．scientific 17. Since you are________to the seafood, you?d better avoid eating it.
A．sensible B．sentimental C．sensitive D．sensory 18．The assassination could do serious damage to the _______ peace agreement that was signed last month．
A．delicate B．wretched C．organic D．fragile 19．When the chief executive officer was invited to play the piano at the end of the concert, she performed a piece without ______.
A．inspection B．investigation C．manipulation D．rehearsal 20．The story goes that Narcissus saw his handsome________in the lake and became intoxicated in his good image.
A．reflection B．identity C．impression D．projection 完形填空
During Washington?s presidency, many important things happened. The first national 21 was completed. The total number of U.S. citizens was then 3,929,214. 22 , the Bill of Rights became law on December 15,1791. These ten laws make sure that Americans will have basic freedoms, 23 freedom of speech and freedom of religion.
Washington helped to shape the beginning of the United States in three important ways. First, he commanded the Continental Army that won 24 from Great Britain in the Revolutionary War. Second, he 25 as president of the convention that wrote the United States Constitution. Third, he was the first man 26 president of the United States.
No other American has been honored 27 than Washington. The nation?s 28 , Washington, D.C., was named for him. The state of Washington is the only state that was named for a president. Many counties, towns, cities, streets, bridges, lakes, parks, and schools have his name today. Washington?s portrait appears on postage stamps, on the one-dollar bill, and on the quarter. His birthday is also a 29 holiday.
The people of his day loved Washington very much, His army officers wanted to make him king, but he did not let them. From the time of the Revolution War, his birthday 30 celebrated throughout the country.
21．A．census B．prospecting C．counting D．accounting
22．A．After all B．As a result C．First of all D．In addition
23．A．for instance B．such as C．despite D．besides 24．A．withdrawal B．secession C．independence D．reliance 25．A．became B．knew C．served D．trained 26．A．devoted B．erected C．selected D．elected 27．A．more B．rather C．less D．other 28．A．council B．capital C．region D．area 29．A．local B．municipal C．federal D．provincial
30．A．has been B．was C．is D．had been
选词填空
Gifts are a fundamental element of culture and our lives as social creatures: A bar of chocolate on Valentine's Day, a pink carnation on Mother's Day or a bottle of Chardonnay for a party, though small, can ___31___ a wealth of meaning about your gratitude and ___32___ as well as the importance you place upon the ___33___. There are occasions when giving a gift ___34___ spoken communication, since the message it offers can cut through barriers of language and culture ___35___. Combine the act of giving with some knowledge of the culture, and you have a(n) ___36___ chance to lay the foundations for a durable relationship.
For all countries, take account of climate. Some preserved tofu can be ruined by ___37___ hot or wet climates, possibly causing the receiver considerable pain.
Consider the products that are ___38___ in the country concerned and try something uncommon there. Think about the level of language skills: A book in English may be at best useless and at worst ___39___ to a person with limited English. Inform yourself as much as possible about local customs, rules, and ___40___ those connected with wrapping, presenting, superstitions (迷信) and taboos (禁忌).
A. relationship
B. convey
C. embarrassing
D. abundant
E. especially
F. exceeds
G. diversity
H. valuable
I. extremely J. appreciation
阅读理解
(1)
An expert suggested that certain criminals should be sent to prison in their own home. When the scheme was first put forward publicly, many people opposed it or hand serious reservations about it. One very experienced social worker opposed the scheme in a television interview. When asked to explain the basis for his opposition, he thought for a moment and finally confessed, …Well, I guess, because it?s new. That?s my only reason.?
Advocates of the scheme pointed out that courts frequently sentenced first offenders to community service of some kind rather than send them to prison. The stigma of having a criminal record was an adequate deterrent, and nothing positive was achieved by sending some types of convicted people to prison.
Some critics rushed to tak e extreme cases. …If a murderer is allowed free in the community like this, what is to prevent him from killing somebody else?? This argument ignored the fact that nobody proposed to allow convicted murderers to use the bracelet system. One criticism put forward was that an offender could take off his bracelet and leave it at home or give it to a friend to wear while he himself went off to commit another crime. The reply to this was that the bracelet would be made so that the computer would immediately detect any attempts to take it off or tamper with it.
A more serious objection to the scheme was that the harsh life of prison was intended to be part of the deterrent to crime. A prisoner who was allowed to live at home would suffer no particular discomfort and thus not be deterred from repeating his crime.
No immediate action was taken on the proposal. It was far too revolutionary and needed to be examined very carefully. However, the idea was not rejected. Several governments appointed experts to investigate the scheme and make recommendations for or against it.
41．People?s opinions are divided on the suggestion that .
A．some criminals should serve their terms at home
B．social workers can express themselves on TV
C. first offenders should be sentenced to community service
D. old offenders should be imprisoned
42．A social worker opposed the proposal for the reason that .
A．it is unique B．it is creative C．it is novel D. it is out-of-date
43．We can learn from the passage that the “bracelet” is supposed to .
A. keep the track of the offenders
B. detect the offender?s attempt of murder
C. be worn for decoration
D. be worn by offenders? friends occasionally
44．The supporters of the scheme will probably agree that ______.
A．the hard life of prison may prevent some people from repeating a crime
B．the life at home is too comfortable for the prisoners
C．high-technology should be deterrent to crime
D．imprisonment will not achieve much to some offenders
45．The prospect of the advice is that _______.
A．it will be put into practice immediately
B．it will be declined by the government
C．it will be further carefully looked into
D．it will be confirmed by appointed experts
作文：翻译作文综合
有人说成功取决于性格，但我认为什么性格都可能成功，关键是要分析自己的实际，做自己喜欢并擅长的事。这样，你才会坚持，不畏艰难，不轻易改变方向。这时，成功离你就不远了。
Some people say it is our personalities that decide whether we?ll succeed or not, but I think people of whatever personalities are prone to succeed. What we should do most is to analyze the practical situation of ourselves and get down to our favorite tasks. That way, you?ll stick to it without fearing the difficulties, nor will you change your direction easily. Consequently, you?ll succeed at last.
教育的目标，在于培养对知识的鉴别力和良好的行为。一个理想的受教育者，不一定要学富五车，却必须明辨是非善恶，爱憎分明。最令人难过的，莫过于饱读史书但见地可笑可怜的人。
该资料为本人上课购买，不涉及侵权行为
只是希望共享