Unit 4 综合技能训练
时间：90分钟，满分：100分
Ⅰ.单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
从A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1．Because of the dry weather, fires ________ in many places recently.
A．have broken away B．have broken down
C．have broken out D．have broken in
答案：C句意：由于天气干燥，近来很多地方发生了火灾。break away“逃走；逃脱”；break down“破坏；拆散”；break out“战争，火灾等突然爆发”；break in“闯入；强行进入”。结合句意选C。
2．________ made her surprised was ________ she received a bunch of flowers for no good reason yesterday.
A．That; how B．What; that
C．What; what D．That; that
答案：B句意：让她吃惊的是昨天她莫名其妙地收到了一束花。what引导主语从句，并在从句中充当主语；that引导表语从句，在从句中并不充当成分。
3．After water which is ________ to life appeared on the earth, life began to develop.
A．interesting B．funny
C．fundamental D．fond
答案：C句意：生命存在的基本要素——水，在地球上出现之后，生命开始发展。be fundamental to对……是基本的。
4．Once, there, in the small village, ________ a big tree dating back to 100 years ago. But now it has gone.
A．happened B．came
C．seemed D．stood
答案：D句意：在这个小村庄里曾经有一棵一百多年的大树。但是现在不见了。happen“发生”；come“来”；seem似乎；stand“站，矗立”。
5．(2014·西安高一检测)—Why not buy the car since you show so much interest in it?
—But I am not able to buy ________.
A．so a big car B．such big a car
C．so big a car D．such big car
答案：C句意：——既然你对这辆车那么感兴趣，为什么不买？——可是我买不起这么大的车。so＋adj.＋a(n)＋n.＝such＋a(n)＋adj.＋n.。故选C。
6．If we don't follow his advice, I'm sure we will regret ______.
A．on time B．at times
C．from time to time D．in time
答案：D句意：如果我们不采纳他的建议，我确信我们迟早会后悔的。on time按时；at times时而，不时；from time to time有时，不时地；in time迟早，总有一天。
7．It is widely accepted that smoking is ________ to our health.
A．harmful B．harmless
C．useful D．helpful
答案：A句意：吸烟有害于健康已被广泛接受。be harmful to对……有害。harmless无害的；useful有用的；helpful有帮助的。
8．(2014·杭州高一检测)—Do you know the reason why his parents ________ him joining us last night?
—I have no idea.
A．kept B．prevented
C．protected D．promised
答案：B句意：——你知道昨晚他父母为什么不让他加入我们吗？——我不知道。keep sb from doing sth结构中from不可省。protect保护；promise答应，而prevent sb (from) doing sth 阻止某人做某事，符合题意。
9．The brave man ________ his clothes and jumped into the river to save the drowning boy.
A．pulled on B．pulled away
C．pulled in D．pulled off
答案：D句意：那位勇士(匆忙)脱下衣服，跳进河里救那个落水男孩。pull off“脱掉(衣、帽等)”，符合句意；pull on“穿上(袜子)，戴上(手套)”；pull away“离开，摆脱”；pull in“(慢慢)驶入”。
10．Try and ________ a bit; life isn't that bad!
A．cheer up B．come up
C．look up D．put up
答案：A句意：试着高兴点儿吧，生活并不是那么糟！cheer up“感到高兴；感到振奋”，符合题意。come up“走近；发芽”；look up“向上看；查询；好转”；put up“举起；建造”。
11．The house rent is expensive. I've got about half the space I had at home and I'm paying ________ as there.
A．as three times much B．as much three times
C．much as three times D．three times as much
答案：D因句中空格后有连词as，其前必定用原级。根据“倍数＋as＋adj./ad v.＋as”结构，可知D项正确。
12．________ earthquakes have happened one after another in recent years, which have caused great damage.
A．Violent B．Light
C．Rude D．Heavy
答案：A句意：最近几年，剧烈的地震一个接一个地发生，造成了严重损害。violent猛烈的，狂暴的，剧烈的；light轻的；rude粗暴的；heavy重的。结合句意选A。
13．(2014·福州高一检测)________ you want to work in a foreign country, you'd better improve your oral English.
A．So that B．Now that
C．Such that D．In order that
答案：B句意：既然你想去国外工作，你最好提高你的英语口语。so that因此；now that 既然；in order that为了……，结合句意选B。
14．In order to stop the driver escaping punishment, all the main streets were ________.
A．blocked off B．blocked out
C．blocked up D．blown up
答案：A句意：为了阻止司机逃脱惩罚，所有的主路都被封锁了。block off(用路障)封锁；block out挡住(光线)；block up塞住；blow up爆炸。结合句意选A。
15．While crossing the street, you should ________ for cars.
A．watch out B．take out
C．bring out D．come out
答案：A句意：过马路时，要留心车。watch out“密切注视；当心；提防”，符合句意。take out“拿出；取出”；bring out“使显示；出版；生产”；come out“出来；长出”。
Ⅱ.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)
阅读下面短文，理解大意，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
Mars is not, it seems, the dry old planet we once believed__16__. Astronauts who are__17__to go there in the next decade may find plenty__18__water to slake(消除)their thirst.And with water present the__19__of finding some sort of life on Mars are__20__brighter.
This is the view of forty geologists who have been analyzing__21__of pictures and other scientific__22__obtained by robot explorers in the sixties and seventies.
To begin with, scientists thought the Red planet was as__23__as the Moon__24__dust storms swirling over vast sandy__25__. But now the picture is very different__26__mountains and valleys carved by__27__glaciers and rivers rushing and rumbling deep underground.
In a report on the analysis of the Martian pictures Dr.Michael Car of the U．S.Geological Survey comm ents: “I am convinced__28__lots of water on Mars.” Any surface water will be in the__29__of ice.But it could save explorers from__30__to take so much__31__with them.
The report says__32__Mars probably had a warmer climate in ages__33__due to its axis (轴) having been more tilted (倾斜) towards the sun.
__34__signs of plant or animal life have been detected by instruments landed on Mars，__35__the landing vehicles have been sent there for a few years.
16．A.it is B．it
C．it to be D．was
答案：C根据新的资料显示，火星似乎并不像我们过去认为的那么干燥。it代替前面的专有名词Mars; to be 为不定式的省略式，其后面省略了dry。不定式的省略式通常省略to后面的成分，但后面为to be结构时，就要保留be而省略其后面的成分。
17．A.expected B．hoped
C．required D．sent
答案：A expect somebody to do something表示“期待某人做某事”。这里用其被动语态形式：be expected to do sth。表示“某人被期待做某事”。
18．A.to B．of
C．more D．in
答案：B此句的“plenty of＝a lot of”为固定词组，意思是“大量；许多；充足”。
19．A.chances B．openings
C．occasions D．possibility
答案：A本句的意思是“由于水的发现，在火星上面找到某种生命形式的机会就变得更加明朗了”。
20．A.quite B．very
C．much D．more
答案：C此处的much用来修饰比较级，其它选项都不能修饰比较级，但quite better除外。
21．A.a few B．many
C．thousand D．thousands
答案：D thousands of用复数形式表示不确定的数字，此处意思是“数以千计的”，后接复数名词；a few of后接“限定词＋复数名词”，意思是“某(固定)范围内的一些”；many of 后接“限定词＋复数名词”，意思是“某(固定范围)内的许多”。
22．A.skills B．news
C．intelligence D．information
答案：D指的是“在六七十年代探测器获得的其他科学信息(information)”。
23．A.peaceful B．quiet
C．lifeless D．dead
答案：C此句的意思是“刚开始的时候，科学家认为这颗红色的行星象月球一样没有生命(lifeless)”。
24．A.of B．with
C．for D．through
答案：B此处为“with＋名词/代词＋不定式、分词、形容词、副词、介词短语等”构成的复合结构作状语。
25．A.deserts B．mountains
C．rivers D．seas
答案：A此句意思是“沙暴(dust storms)在广袤的沙漠(deserts)上旋转”。
26．A.from B．between
C．for D．with
答案：D注意此题的关键是要搞清它不是be different from结构，因为此结构后的名词前要用限定词，而该空后面的名词前无限定词，故可排除。此空与第24空一样，为“with复合结构”作状语。
27．A.energetic B．great
C．heavy D．powerful
答案：D这里用powerful形容冰河对山谷冲刷的威力巨大。
28．A.there's B．there're
C．here's D．here're
答案：A此句用的是“there be”结构，其后面的名词water(即主语)为不可数名词，故谓语动词be用单数形式。
29．A.appearance B．way
C．form D．shape
答案：C词组in the form of的意思是“以……形式”。此句意思是“任何表面上的水将以冰的形式存在。”
30．A.have B．having
C．carry D．carrying
答案：B from为介词，后面接动词的-ing形式，故可排除A和C两个选项；本空为have to 结构，意思是“必须；不得不”，所以其后接动词原形。
31．A.water B．ice
C．equipment D．oxygen
答案：A此句的意思是“水的存在使探险者们不用随身携带大量的水。”
32．A.what B．if
C．how D．that
答案：D此句意思是“报告说由于火星的轴在过去的岁月中更倾斜于太阳，那时火星的天气，可能比现在暖和”。此处that引导一个宾语从句，其本身在宾语从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何词汇意义，仅起连接的作用。
33．A.pass B．past
C．ago D．before
答案：B“in ages past”表示“在过去的岁月中”。
34．A.Not B．No
C．Nor D．Never
答案：B no为形容词，等于“not a/not any”，表示“没有”，后接名词；而not的后面一般接动词、形容词或从句等成分。
35．A.probably B．perhaps
C．supposed D．although
答案：D although 引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管……，但是……。”
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
In July 1994 Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system, was struck by 21 pieces of a comet(彗星). When the fragments(碎片)landed in the southern part of the grand planet, the explosions were watched by scientists here on earth. But what if our own planet was hit by a comet?
The year is 2094. It had been announced that a comet is heading towards the earth. Most of it will miss our planet, but two fragments will probably hit the southern part of the earth. The news has caused panic.
On 17 July, a fragment four kilometers wide enters the Earth's atmosphere with a huge explosion. About half of the fragment is destroyed. But the major part survives and hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the spend of sound. The sea boils and an enormous wave is created and spreads. The wall of water rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometres an hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and million of people are drowned. The wave moves into the Indian Ocean and heads towards Asia.
Millions of people are already dead in the southern part of the earth, but the north won't escape for long. Tons of broken pieces are thrown into the atmosphere by the explosion. As the sun is hidden by clouds of dust, temperatures around the world fall to almost zero. Crops are ruined. Wars break out as countries fight for food. A year later civilization has collapsed. No more than 10 million people have survived.
Could it really happen? It has already happened more than once in the history of the earth. The dinosaur were on the Earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a space fragment. The dinosaurs couldn't survive in the cold climate that followed and they became extinct. Will we meet the same end?
36．Which of the following is NOT true according to the author's description of the disaster in 2094?
A．The whole world becomes extremely cold.
B．All the coastal cities in Africa are destroyed.
C．The whole mankind becomes extinct.
D．The visit of the comet results in wars.
答案：C辨别正误题。据第三自然段的描述可知，A、B、D均符合本文所假想的事实，只有C不符。文中“No more than 10 million people have survived”一句意为“只有一千万人幸存下来”，而C项说全人类都灭绝了。显然与文章不符。题干要求找出不对的选项。
37．Why does the author mention dinosaurs at the end of the passage?
A．Because they could only live in the warm climate.
B．Because they once dominated the earth.
C．Because their extinction indicates future disasters.
D．Because dinosaurs and humans never live in the same age.
答案：C推理判断题。第三段中，作者描述假想的人类灾难……最后一段提到生活在地球上的恐龙在65 million years ago突然消失(即灭绝)，许多科学家相信地球曾受到过外空星体碎片的袭击，故而导致恐龙绝种。由此暗示人类未来的灾难。
38．In writing the passage, the author intends to________.
A．give an accurate description of the possible disaster in the future
B．prove that humans will sooner or later be destroyed
C．tell the historical development of the earth
D．warn of a possible disaster in the future
答案：D观点态度题。本题要求考生推测作者意图。作者通过一段幻想的灾难和一段地球历史上出现过的恐龙绝迹的事实以及科学家们分析恐龙绝迹的原因，来警示人类未来可能发生的灾难。
39．It can be concluded that the passage is most probably part of a(n)________．
A．horror story
B．news report
C．research paper
D．article of popular science
答案：D推理判断题。据全文大意，又据文章的性质，可判定D为最佳选项。A、B、C均不太妥当。
B
(2014·山西省大同高一下学期期中) Satellites are an important part of our ordinary lives. For example, the information for weather forecasts is sent by satellite. Some satellites have cameras which take photographs of the Earth to show how clouds are moving. Satellites are also used to connect our international phone calls.
Computer connections of the World Wide Web and Internet also use satellites. Many of our TV programs come to us through satellites. Airplane pilots also sometimes use a satellite to help them find their exact location.
We use satellites to send television pictures from one part of the world to another. They are usually 35, 880 kilometers above the equator. Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place. This is because it is moving around the world at 11,000 kilometers an hour—exactly the same speed that the earth rotates. A satellite must orbit the Earth with its antennae (天线) facing the earth. Sometimes, it moves away from its orbit. So there are little rockets on it which are used to put the satellite back in the right position. This usually happens about every five or six days.
Space is not empty! Every week, more and more satellites are sent into space to orbit the Earth. A satellite usually works for about 10－12 years. Satellites which are broken are sometimes repaired by astronauts or sometimes brought back to Earth to be repaired. Often, very old or broken satellites are left in space to orbit the Earth for a very long time. This is very serious because some satellites use nuclear power and they can crash into each other.
40．Which of the following is NOT done by satellites according to the passage?
A．Sending information for weather forecast.
B．Taking photographs of the Earth.
C．Sending TV pictures.
D．Providing food for airplane pilots.
答案：D从第一段可知，A、B项的内容都是卫星的功能，从第三段可知，卫星还可以发送电视画面，而D项内容文中并未提及。
41．What's the speed the earth rotates at?
A．35,880 kilometers per hour.
B．335,880 kilometers per hour.
C．11,000 kilometers per hour.
D．110,000 kilometers per hour.
答案：C从第三段的This is because it is moving around the world at 11,000 kilometers an hour—exactly the same speed that the earth rotates.可知C项为正确答案。
42．What does the underlined word “This” in the 3rd paragraph refer to?
A．A satellite.
B．A little rocket.
C．A satellite seems to stay in the same place in the sky.
D．The satellite puts the rockets in the right position.
答案：C上一句话的意思是：有时候我们看到天空中的卫星好像呆在同一个地方，这是因为……，故本题答案为C。
43．Which is true of satellites?
A．A satellite usually works for about 10－12 years.
B．Every time a satellite gets broken, it is brought back to the Earth to be repaired.
C．A broken satellite is never left in space.
D．They often crash into each other.
答案：A从最后一段的第三句话可知A项正确。
C
Brian arrived at the San Francisco airport two hours before
the flight to Paris. He was wearing three shirts, a jacket，two
pairs of socks，a pair of shorts, and two pairs of jeans. He was carrying one
small backpack，which was very full, but he didn't have any other luggage.
Brian needed to meet a man named Tony before he checked in for his flight. He found Tony near the Air France counter. Tony gave him a round-trip ticket and a small package.
“Give this package to Jean Paul at the airport in Paris. He will have a sign with your name on it. I think you can find him easily，” Tony said，“You don't have any luggage, right？”
“Only this backpack，” Brian answered，“You said I could bring one carry-on bag.”
“That's right. One carry-on bag is fine. Have a good trip.”
“Thanks.”
Is Brian a criminal? Not at all. He is an air-courier. And he paid only $ 110 for the round-trip ticket to Paris. Air-couriers get cheap airline tickets because they take important packages and papers to foreign countries. Businesses sometimes need to get packages and papers to people in foreign countries by the next day. Often，the only way they can do this is to use an aircourier company. It is not cheap for a business to send a package with an air-courier，but it is quick.
Every year about 80,000 people worldwide travel as aircouriers. The number of tickets for courier travel is growing by about 10 percent a year. However, air-courier travel isn't for everyone. But if you have very little money，can be flexible about your travel plans，and don't mind wearing the same clothes for a week，it can be a great way to take a vacation!
文章大意：文章主要讲述了利用航空快递的利与弊。
44．Why was Brian wearing so many clothes for his travel?
A．Because they were the uniforms for air-couriers.
B．Because that made him easier to be recognized.
C．Because he would be charged for taking much luggage with him.
D．Because he was required not to have much luggage with him.
答案：D细节理解题。由第三段“Only this backpack，” Brian answered, “You said I could bring one carry-on bag.”可知，Brian只被允许带一个背包。
45．Who was Tony?
A．He might be an air-courier company clerk.
B．He might be a guard at the airport.
C．He might be Brian's friend.
D．He might be a customs official.
答案：A细节理解题。根据第一段中“Tony gave him a round-trip ticket and a small package.托尼给了他(Brian)一张往返的机票及一个小包裹”，以及结合下文可知，Tony可能是一位航空快递公司的业务员。
46．Businesses choose the air-courier service because ________.
A．it costs less B．it is flexible
C．it grows fast D．it saves time
答案：D细节理解题。从倒数第二段最后一句“It is not cheap for a business to send a package with an air-courier，but it is quick.用航空快递投递包裹不便宜但是它迅速。”可知选D。
47．Air-courier travel is a good choice for those who ______.
A．have much money
B．hate wearing the same clothes
C．have much personal luggage
D．are flexible about their travel plans
答案：D细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句话可知“航空快递旅行并不是适合每一个人。它主要面向那些钱少，旅行计划比较灵活的游客”，故选D。
D
The journey to the moon has been the first step towards future exploration in space. The distance between the Moon and Earth is very short indeed when compared with the distances between Earth and the other planets. Mars, the nearest planet to Earth is millions of miles away! Traveling to the planets will be man's next aim. Such travels will be more challenging than the trip to the moon and certainly more adventurous.
Recently, two American spaceships, Vikings 1 and 2, landed on Mars trying to discover whether that planet has any life on it. So far the signs of life on Mars has neither confirmed(确认)nor ruled
out. Russians have discovered that the surface of Venus(金星)is so hot that it is almost certain that there is no life there. Also the atmosphere of Venus is extremely dense(稠)and the pressure is nearly a hundred times greater than that of the Earth's atmosphere.
Scientists believe man may find planets which have the same conditions as those we have on earth, but man should realize Earth will be his only home for a long time and begin to love and care for it.
48．According to the passage, traveling to the planets will be________.
A．much easier and even more interesting
B．far more exciting and dangerous
C．man's final aim
D．man's first step
答案：B细节理解题。由文章第一段告诉我们人类向其他行星探索的行动将比去月球探索更加具有挑战性和冒险性。
49．From the passage, we can guess________.
A．there is life on Mars
B．there is no life on Mars
C．The atmosphere of Mars is not so dense as that of Venus
D．scientists will have little hope to find the answers
答案：C推理判断题。由文中第二段第二句告诉我们，火星上是否有生命还不能确认，所以A、B排除。根据文章最后一段第一句可知：科学家相信人类能找到像我们地球上生存条件一样的行星。所以可以排除D。
50．Scientists think we should take care of our earth because________.
A．no other planets are to take the place of the earth
B．everything needed is provided by the earth
C．the only home of man will be the earth for a long time
D．the dream to find another home for man will come true
答案：C细节理解题。最后一段讲明人类必须保护地球。根本原因在于人类在近期内无法找到能够和地球的生存常规交叉相提并论的星球，所以地球在很长时间内依然是人类赖以生存的家园。
E
(2013·天津) Last night's meteor(流星) shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers. According to Gabe Rothschild, Emerald Valley's mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky. What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city's lights that it
darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.
“My family was so frustrated，”admitted town resident Duane Cosby, “We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to b e a huge disappointment.”
Astronomers—scientists who study stars and planets—have been complaining about this problem for decades. They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past. They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.
There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution. This population consists of birds, bats, frogs, snakes, etc. For example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating(迁徙的)birds. According to the International Dark-Sky Association. “100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”
Countless more animals casualties(伤亡)result from the use of artificial lighting. Clearly, people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans, too. They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a person's chances of getting cancer.
Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution. For years, Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory. Similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.
文章大意：本文是一篇议论文，作者通过一场不令人满意的流星雨引出话题，阐述了光污染对于人类及动物所造成的危害，号召人们不需要的时候，把灯关掉。
51．It happened last night that ________.
A．the city's lights affected the meteor watching
B．the meteors flew past before being noticed
C．the city light show attracted many people
D．the meteor watching ended up a social outing
答案：A细节理解题。由第一段最后一句话：他们发现的是被城市灯光照得如此明亮的天空使得划过我们头顶的流星暗淡无光，所以可以知道城市灯光影响了流星雨的观看。故选A 项。
52．What do the astronomers complain about?
A．Meteor showers occur less often than before.
B．Their observation equipment is in poor repair.
C．Light pollution has remained unsolved for years.
D．Their eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting.
答案：C细节理解题。由第三段一、二句话，可知天文学家们几十年来以直报怨这个问题，说明光污染的问题多年没有解决。故选C项。
53．What the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4?
A．Birds may take other migration paths.
B．Animal's living habits may change suddenly.
C．Varieties of animals will become sharply reduced.
D．Animals' survival is threatened by outdoor lighting.
答案：D细节理解题。第四段主要讲了室外光对于动物的影响，所以作者担心动物的生存受到室外光的威胁。故选D项。
54．Lighting regulations in Flagstaff, Arizona are put into effect to ________.
A．lessen the chance of getting cancer
B．create an ideal observation condition
C．ensure citizens a good sleep at night
D．enable all creatures to live in harmony
答案：B细节理解题。由最后一段第二句话可知这个城市加强灯光规定是为了帮助观测台的天文学家们，也就是创造一个理想的观测条件。故选B项。
55．What message does the author most want to give us?
A．Saving wildlife is saving ourselves.
B．Great efforts should be made to save energy.
C．Human activities should be environmentally friendly.
D．New equipment should be introduced for space study.
答案：C目的意图题。全文是关于光污染所造成的危害，也就是让人们知道人的活动应该注意环境保护。
Ⅳ.书面表达(满分25分)
(2014·湖南) Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions gi v en belo w.
学校正在组织科技创新大赛，你想为日常生活中某件物品(如钢笔、书包、鞋子……)设计添加新功能来参赛。请以“My Magic ________”为题写一篇英语短文，介绍你的创意。
内容：
1．说明设计理由；
2．介绍新功能。
注意：
1．词数不少于120个；
2．不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。
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参考范文：
My magic neutral water pen
The neutral water pen is widely used in the process of study but we often have trouble using them because of its limited ink and other inconvenience.
To deal with these problems, consequently, I have worked heart and soul to create my own magic neutral water pen.
The most shining function of this newly designed pen is that it will contain special ink powder which makes it have endless ink. Furthermore, the pen is made of the extremely strong materials, which can protect the pen from the damage when it might fall down onto the ground. Better still, so smoothly does it write that it can contribute to making our handwriting better.
Such is my magic neutral water pen. Are you interested in it? Hope it will be of great use for users.
高中英语人教版必修三单词表． 必修3 Unit 1 1、发生 2、美；美人 收获；收割3、庆祝；祝贺4、狩猎者；猎人、5(使)饿死；饿得要死、6起源；由来；起因7、8、宗教上的;信奉宗教的;虔诚的 9、季节的；季节性的 10、祖先；祖宗 11、（日本）盂兰盆节 坟墓；墓地12、熏香；熏香的烟13、14、纪念；追念 15、墨西哥（拉丁美洲国家） 16、节日；盛宴 17、头脑；头骨 18、骨；骨头 19、万圣节前夕；诸圣日前夕
信任；信心；信仰20、 21、盛装；打扮；装饰 欺骗；诈骗;窍门诡计;恶作剧22、23、搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑 诗人、2425、哥伦布日 26、到来；到达；到达者 27、克利斯朵夫·哥伦布 28、获得；得到 29、独立；自主 30、独立的；自主的 搜集；集合；聚集31、 32、农业；农艺；农学 农业的；农艺的、33授予；判定奖；奖品34、 35、产品；（尤指）农产品 雄禽；公鸡36、37、赞美；钦佩；羡慕 38、充满活力的;精力充沛的;积极的 39、期望；期待；盼望 狂欢节；（四旬斋前的）饮宴狂欢；嘉年华（会）40、 41、月的；月亮的；阴历的耶稣)复活节42、(43、游行；阅兵；检阅、日夜；昼夜；整天4445、衣服 2 必修3 基督徒；信徒、46基督教的；信基督教的 47、耶稣 48、樱桃；樱桃树 49、花开花 50、好像 51、玩得开心 52、习惯；风俗 53、遍及全世界的；世界性的 玫瑰花蕾54、55、愚人；白痴；受骗者 干傻事；开玩笑傻的 必要性；需要56、57、许可；允许 预言；预报；预告58、59、样子；方式；时尚 60、特立尼达岛 61、卡拉（女名） 62、哈利（男名） 63、（汽车等）停放 64、停车场 65、圣瓦伦廷节；人节 66、出现；到场 67、守信用；履行诺言 68、屏息；屏气 69、道歉；辩白 70、淹没；溺死；淹死
Book 4 UNIT1 1.only+状语（副词、介词短语或从句）位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。 （把be动词/情态动词/助动词提前到主语前面） only+状语+助V+主语+其他 ① I realized that I was wrong only then. ? Only then did I realize that I was wrong. ② You can learn English well only in this way. ? Only in this way can you learn English well. ③ We will achieve success only when we work hard. ? Only when you work hard will you achieve success. 2.spend、pay、cost、take 表“花费” sb+spend+time/money+(in)doing sth/on sth sb+pay+money+for sth It+cost(sb)+money+to do sth sth +cost+ sb+money It+take(sb)+time+to do sth eg:①读这本书花了他两天的时间。 He spent two days ( in ) reading this book. = It took him two days to read this book. ②买这辆车花了他20万元。 He spent 200,000 on thiis car. = He paid 200,000 yuan for the car. 3.lead a(+adj.) life 过着...的生活 lead a quiet/simple/happy life 4.look down upon/on... 鄙视...瞧不起... eg：我们不应该瞧不起残疾人。 We shouldn’t look down upon / on the disable . 5.by chance= by accident 碰巧，偶然地 eg: 我偶然找到了那本丢失了的书。 I found the lost book by chance. come across... 偶然碰到（某人），偶然发现（某物） eg：我今天早上在街上遇到了一个老朋友。 I came across an old friend on the street this morning. 6.carry on (sth) 继续；坚持 eg：在他死了之后，他的孩子肯定会坚持他的梦想的。 After his death , his children will certainly carry on his dream. carry out 履行，执行，实行 eg：你必须实履行你的承诺，要不然的话没人会相信你。 You must carry out your promise, or no one will believe you. 7.intend to do sth 打算做某事 eg：我打算赶上早班车，但我没有及时起床。 I intented to catch the early train, but I didn’t get up in time. be intended for sb 为...而准备，专供...使用
普通高中课程标准实验教科书《英语》电子课本 Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world B3U1P1-3 FESTIV ALS AND CELEBRATIONS Ancient Festivals Festivals and celebrations of all kinds are held everywhere. The most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of the cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Other celebrations were held when hunters could catch animals. They would starve if food was difficult to find, so they celebrated when they had food. They lit fires and made music because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty. Festivals of the Dead Some festivals are held to honour the dead, or satisfy and please the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm. In Japan the festival is called Obon, when people should go to clean the graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico they have the Day of the Dead in early November. On this important feast day, people might eat food in shape of skulls, and cakes with “bones” on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The festival of Halloween had its origin as an event in memory of the dead. It is now a children’s festival, when they can go to their neighbours’ homes and ask for sweets. They dress up and try to frighten people. If they are not given anything, the children might play a trick. Festivals to Honour People Festivals can be held as an honour to famous people or to the gods. One of these is the Dragon Boat Festival in China, which honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan. Another is Columbus Day in the USA, in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in America. In India there is a national festival on October 2 to honour Mahatma Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain. Harvest Festivals Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter ,and because a season of agricultural work is over. In European countries it is the custom to decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and people get together to have meals. Some people might win awards for their animals, flowers, fruits and vegetables, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. In China and Japan there are mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and give gift of mooncakes. Spring Festivals The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat, and may give children lucky money in the red paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the lunar New Year together. In some Western countries there are very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. They might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of all kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival in Christian countries. It celebrates the return of Jesus for Christians and it also celebrates the coming of spring. In Japan, the Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later. The country is covered with cherry tree flowers so that it looks as though it might be covered with pink snow. People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each others. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our daily life for a little while.
高中英语黄金阅读(高一版) 习俗类 (1) In the US, people prefer waiting for a table to sitting with people they don’t know. This means a hostess may not seat a small group until a small table is available, even if a large one is. If you are sitting at a table with people you don’t know, it is impolite to light up a cigarette without asking if it will disturb them. At American restaurants and coffee shops you are usually served tap water before you order. You may find the bread and butter is free, and if you order coffee, you may get a free refill. Most cities and towns have no rules about opening and closing time for stores or restaurants, though they usually do make rules for bars. Especially in large cities, stores may be open 24 hours a day. Serving in restaurants is often large; too large for many people. If you can’t finish your meal but would like to enjoy the food later, ask your waitress or waiter for a “doggie bag”. It may have a picture of a dog on it, but everybody knows you’re taking the food for yourself. Supper and dinner are both words for the evening meal. Some people have “Sunday dinner”. This is an especially big noon meal. Tips are not usually added to the check. They are not included in the price of the meal, either. A tip of about 15% is expected and you should leave it on the table when you leave. In some restaurants, a check is brought on a plate and you put your money there. Then the waiter or waitress brings you your change. 1. Which statement is true? A. American people like sitting with people they don’t know. B. A hostess always seats a small group at a large table. C. American people never sit with people they don’t know. D. American people would not light a cigarette if the people who sit at the same table mind their smoking. 2. What is served before you order? A. bread B. butter C. coffee D. cold water 3. What do American people always do when servings are too large for them? A. They take the food home with a doggie bag for their dogs. B. They leave the food on the table and go away. C. They take the food home with a doggie bag and enjoy the food later. D. They ask the waitress or waiter to keep the food for them. 4. Sunday dinner is_______. A. a dinner in the evening B. A big noon meal C. a big lunch on Sunday D. A supper on Sunday 【答案解析】本文介绍了美国人在外就餐时的风俗习惯。 1. D。细节题。根据第一段及关键句…it is impolite to light up a cigarette without asking if it will disturb them 可知 A、B、C 与原文不相符，同时关键句告诉我们“未
Unit 1 Festivals around the world FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. Today’s festivals have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events. Festivals of the dead Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They also light lamps and play music because they think that will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November. On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbours’ homes to ask for sweets. If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them. Festivals to Honour People Festivals can also be held to honour famous people. The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Y uan. In the USA, Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World. India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain. Harvest Festivals Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over. In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals. Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals when people admire the moon and in China enjoy moon-cakes. Spring Festivals The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together. Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of al kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival for Christians around the world. It celebrates the return of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life. Japan’s Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow. People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while.
Unit 1 Women of achievement 1． Target language a. achieve, achievement, condition, welfare, institute, connection, campaign, organization, entertainment, inspire, support, devote ... to b. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. P2 Everybody sits and waits while the animals in the group begin to wake up and move. P2 But the evening makes it all worthwhile. P2 ... we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. P2 2． Ability goals a. Learn Warming Up, and know how to tell the great women and the famous women. b. Learn the way to describe a person from what the person did, what she/he looks like and so on. 3． Learning ability goals Teach Ss how to describe a person. Teaching important points a. By reading A protector of African wildlife, students can learn from Jane Goodall in at least two aspects: b. Ask students to answer these questions: 1) What made her a great success? 2) What should we learn from Jane Goodall? Teaching difficult points Let everyone believe that all of us can become Jane Goodall. Teaching methods Inspiration, Questioning and Discussion. Teaching aids A computer, a projector and a recorder.
必修三 Unit1 festivals around the world 1.take place 发生（指按计划发生，相当于不及物动词，没有被动语态）； happen发生（指偶然地没有预见地发生，也是不及物动词，没有被动语态，） take the place of 代替 e.g. The 2012 Summer Olympics will take place in London. A funny thing happened in our class last Monday. I will take the place of him to finish the work. 2. in memory of…纪念；追念（介词短语） e.g. I send you this card in memory of our happy summer together. 3. lead…to…把……带向（引领到）…; lead to…导致 e.g. I will lead the blind man back home. Regular reviewing leads to better grades. 4. in the shape of…以/在……的形状 e.g. I dare eat the food in the shape of skulls. 5. belief 信任；信心；信仰。其复数为beliefs. 6. dress up 盛装；打扮；装饰。dress up as…打扮成…… e.g. We dressed up for the school party on Christmas Day. They tried to dress him up as a “national hero”. dress up, put on, wear, have on 的区别 1）dress意思是给自己或别人穿衣服。可单独用作不及物动词；作及物动词接宾语时要接表示人的名词、代词或反身代词。dressed可作表语，be dressed (in)表示“穿着”的状态。2）put on 表示“穿上、戴上”，是终止性短语，表动作，其宾语是衣服、鞋、帽、手套、袜子、眼镜等。 3）wear是“穿着、戴着”，除了接普通衣服外，还可指佩戴手表、首饰、徽章、花以及留发型、胡须等，含义最广。 4）have on表示静态“穿着、戴着”，多用于口语，是比较普通的用语，不用于进行时。 7. play a trick on…搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑。还常用作play tricks on… e.g. He intends to play a trick on that girl. Don’s play tricks on me- I want to know the truth. 8. award n. 奖，奖品（可数）vt.授予；判定 e.g. He won the first awards of many English contests. The school awarded Mary a prize for her good work.学校因为玛丽的出色表现而奖励了她。medal, prize, reward和award用法辨析： medal指“奖章，勋章，纪念章”，如金牌、银牌等。 prize指“奖品，奖金；战利品；捕获物”，如在竞争或比赛中赢得的，或作为对胜利或优胜的嘉奖的东西 reward指“回报，报酬，报应”，为相应的行为作酬劳或为邪恶的举止作报应而授予或收到的东西。 award指“奖品”，因优点奖励或授予的东西。 e.g. How many gold medals has he won? My brother won the first prize in the contest. A large reward is offered for the capture of the criminals.
Unit 1 achievement n. 成就；功绩 △Joan of Arc 圣女贞德 △Elizabeth Fry 伊丽莎白.弗赖伊 （英国慈善家） △Quaker n. 教友派信徒；贵格会会员welfare n. 福利；福利事业 project n. 项目；工程；规划 institute n. 学会；学院；协会 △China Welfare Institute 中国福利基金会specialist n. 专家；专业工作者specialize vi. 专攻；专门从事；专注于 △Jane Goodall 简.古道尔(英国动物学家) △chimp n. （非洲）黑猩猩 connection n. 连接；关系 human being 人类 △Jody Williams 乔迪.威廉斯 （美国诺贝尔和平奖得者）campaign n. 运动；战役 vi. 作战；参加运动 △landmine n. 地雷 organization n. 组织；机构；团体 △Gombe National Park 贡贝国家公园behave vt. & vi. 举动；（举止或行为）表现behaviour (=behavior) 行为；举止；习性shade n. 荫；阴凉处 vt. 遮住光线 move off 离开；起程；出发 worthwhile adj. 值得的；值得做的 nest n. 巢；窝 bond n. 联系；关系；结合；纽带observe vt. 观察；观测；遵守observation n. 观察；观测 childhood n. 童年；幼年时代 outspoken adj. 直言的；坦诚 respect vt. & n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意 argue vt. & vi. 讨论；辩论；争论 argument n. 争论；争辩；争吵 entertainment n. 款待；娱乐；娱乐表演 lead a … life 过着……的生活 crowd n. 人群；观众 vt. 挤满；使拥挤 crowd in （想法、问题等）涌上心头； 涌入脑海 inspire vt. 鼓舞；激发；启示 inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞 support n. & vt. 支持；拥护 look down upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起 refer vi. 谈到；查阅；参考 refer to查阅；参考；谈到 audience n. 观众；听众；读者 by chance碰巧；凑巧 come across （偶然）遇见；碰见 △career n. 事业；生涯 rate n. 比率；速度 sickness n. 疾病；恶心 intend vt. 计划；打算 emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况 generation n. 一代；一辈 △determination n. 决心；果断 kindness n. 仁慈；好意 considerate adj. 考虑周到的 consideration n. 考虑；体谅 deliver vt. 递送；生（小孩儿）；接生； 发表（演说等） carry on 继续；坚持 modest adj. 谦虚的；谦让的；适度的Unit 2 statistic n. （常用pl statistics）数据；统计； 统计数字；统计资料 sunburnt adj. 晒黑的 struggle vt. & vi. 斗争；拼搏；努力decade n. 十年；十年期 super adj. 特级的；超级的 △hybrid adj. 混合的；杂种的 n. 杂交种；混血儿output n. 产量；输出 △strain n.（植物的）品种；种类 crop n. 庄稼；农作物；产量 hunger n. 饥饿；欲望 vt. & vi. （使）饥饿 disturbing adj. 引起烦恼的；令人不安的expand vt. & vi. 使变大；伸展circulate vt. & vi. 循环；流传
Unit 1 1、发生 2、美；美人 3、收获；收割 4、庆祝；祝贺 5、狩猎者；猎人 6、(使)饿死；饿得要死 7、起源；由来；起因 8、宗教上的;信奉宗教的;虔诚的 9、季节的；季节性的 10、祖先；祖宗 11、（日本）盂兰盆节 12、坟墓；墓地 13、熏香；熏香的烟 14、纪念；追念 15、墨西哥（拉丁美洲国家） 16、节日；盛宴 17、头脑；头骨 18、骨；骨头 19、万圣节前夕；诸圣日前夕 20、信任；信心；信仰 21、盛装；打扮；装饰 22、诡计;恶作剧;窍门欺骗；诈骗 23、搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑 24、诗人 25、哥伦布日 26、到来；到达；到达者 27、克利斯朵夫·哥伦布 28、获得；得到 29、独立；自主 30、独立的；自主的 31、搜集；集合；聚集 32、农业；农艺；农学 33、农业的；农艺的 34、奖；奖品授予；判定 35、产品；（尤指）农产品 36、雄禽；公鸡 37、赞美；钦佩；羡慕 38、充满活力的;精力充沛的;积极的 39、期望；期待；盼望 40、狂欢节；（四旬斋前的）饮宴狂欢；嘉年华（会） 41、月的；月亮的；阴历的 42、 (耶稣)复活节 43、游行；阅兵；检阅 44、日夜；昼夜；整天 45、衣服
46、基督徒；信徒 基督教的；信基督教的 47、耶稣 48、樱桃；樱桃树 49、花开花 50、好像 51、玩得开心 52、习惯；风俗 53、遍及全世界的；世界性的 54、玫瑰花蕾 55、愚人；白痴；受骗者 干傻事；开玩笑傻的 56、必要性；需要 57、许可；允许 58、预言；预报；预告 59、样子；方式；时尚 60、特立尼达岛 61、卡拉（女名） 62、哈利（男名） 63、（汽车等）停放 64、停车场 65、圣瓦伦廷节；人节 66、出现；到场 67、守信用；履行诺言 68、屏息；屏气 69、道歉；辩白 70、淹没；溺死；淹死 71、悲哀，悲伤 72、明显的；显而易见的 73、擦；揩；擦去 74、（使）迂回 75、牧群；兽群 76、银河 77、喜鹊 78、哭泣;流泪哭；哭泣 79、广播员；告知者；报幕员 80、出发；动身；使爆炸 81、提醒；使想起 82、使……想起…… 83、原谅；恕 Unit 2 84、日常饮食节食 85、意大利式细面条 86、坚果；果仁 87、肌肉；（食用）瘦肉 88、给予保护的；保护的
新人教版高中英语课文译文 必修四 第一单元卓有成就的女性 Reading 非洲野生动物研究者 清晨5点45分，太阳刚从东非的贡贝国家公园的上空升起，我们一行人准备按照简研究黑猩猩的方法去森林里拜访它们。简研究这些黑猩猩家族已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解了黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么的相似。我们当天的首相任务就是观察黑猩猩一家是如何醒来的。这意味着我们要返回前一天晚上我们离开时黑猩猩睡觉的大树旁。大家坐在树荫下等待着，这时候黑猩猩睡醒了，准备离开。然后这群黑猩猩向森林深处漫步而去，我们尾随其后。在大部分时间里，黑猩猩或互相喂食，或彼此擦身，这在它们的家族里是爱的表达方式。简预先提醒我们，到下午的时候我们就会又脏又累。她说对了，但是到了傍晚时分我们就觉得这一切都是值得的。我们看到黑猩猩妈妈跟她的幼子们在树上玩耍，后来看见它们一起回窝里睡觉了。我们明白了黑猩猩家庭成员之间的联系像人类家庭一样紧密。 在简之前没有人完全了解黑猩猩的行为。她花了多年的时间来观察并记录黑猩猩的日常活动。从孩提时代起，简就想在动物生活的环境中研究它们。但是，这不是一件简单的事。当她1960年最初来到贡贝时。对女性来说，住进大森林还是很稀罕的事情。她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。她的工作改变了人们对黑猩猩的看法。比方说，她的一个重要发现是黑猩猩猎食动物。而在此之前，人们一直认为黑猩猩只吃水果和坚果。她曾经亲眼看到
过一群黑猩猩捕杀一只猴子，然后把它吃掉。她还发现了黑猩猩是如何交流的，而她对黑猩猩身势语的研究帮助她勾勒出黑猩猩的社会体系。 40年来，简·古道尔一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不是用于娱乐或公告。她还为黑猩猩建起了可以安全生活的专门的保护区，她的生活是忙忙碌碌的，然而，正如她所说的：“我一旦停下来，所有的一切就会涌上心头。我就会想起实验室的黑猩猩，太可怕了。每当我看着野生黑猩猩时，这个念头总是萦绕着我。我会对自己说：…难道它们不幸运吗？?然后我就想起了那些没有如何过错却被关在笼子里的小 黑猩猩。一旦你看到这些，你就永远不会忘记……。” 简已经得到了她想要得到的一切：在动物的栖息地工作：获得博士学位；还向世人证明女人和男人一样也能在森林里生活。她激励着人们为妇女们的成就而喝彩。 Using Language 为什么不继承她的事业？ 上学时我喜欢英语、生物和化学，但是我进大学该选哪门专业呢？直到有一天晚上坐在电脑旁研究中国的伟大女性时，我才有了答案。 很偶然地，我看到了一篇关于林稚巧大夫的文章。她是妇科专家，1901年生，1983年去世。林稚巧似乎一直都在为自己选择的事业而奔忙，去国外留学，写了很多书和文章。其中有一本书引起了我的注意。这是一本小书，介绍如何从妇女怀孕到护理婴儿的过程中降低死亡率，她提出了一些可以遵循的简单的做法，保持婴儿清洁和健康，让他们远离疾病。她为什么要写这些东西呢?林稚巧认为哪些妇女会需要这些忠告呢？我仔细地看了这篇文章，了解到那是为农村妇女写的。也许是她们在遇到紧急情况时找不到医生。