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plc外文翻译

plc外文翻译
plc外文翻译

可编程控制器的介绍及未来发展

动力

1968年,Richard E. Morley创造出了新一代工业控制装置可编程逻辑控制器(PLC),现在,PLC已经被广泛应用于工业领域,包括机械制造也、运输系统、化学过程设备、等许多其他领域。初期可编程控制器只是用一种类似于语言的软件逻辑于代替继电器硬件逻辑,并且使开发时间由6个月缩短到6天。

虽然计算机控制技术已经产生,但是PLC控制因为它的高性能、成本低、并且对恶劣的环境有很强的适应能力而在工业控制的广泛应用中保持优势。而且,尽管硬件的价格在逐渐下跌,据估计,根据Frost和Sullivan对PLC市场的调查研究表明,每年销售硬件的价格要比销售PLC的价格(一千五百万)至少多出八十亿美元。PLC的创造者Richard E. Morley十分肯定的认为目前PLC市场是一个价值五十亿的工业。

虽然PLC广泛应用于工业控制中,PLC控制系统的程序依然和语法有关。和软件过程一样,PLC的软件设计也以同样的方式会遇到软件错误或危机。Morley 在演讲中着重强调了这个方面:

“如果房子建造的像软件过程一样,那么仅仅一只啄木鸟就可以摧毁文明。”

特别的,PLC程序要解决的实际问题是消除软件错误和减少老式梯形逻辑语言的花费。尽管PLC的硬件成本在继续下降,但是在工业控制上减少梯形逻辑的扫描时间仍然是一个问题,以至于可以用到低耗时的PLC。

在一般情况下,相比其他域生成PLC的生产周期要短很多。例如,在实践的中超大规模集成电路设计,高效率的计算机辅助设计工具。因为PLC编程需要同时考虑硬件和软件,所以Existent软件的工程方法就不一定适用于基于PLC的软件设计。软件设计,从而成为越来越多的主要成本驱动。在许多工业设计项目,预计超过SO0/人力分配控制系统的设计和安装,用于测试和调试PLC程序再者,PLC控制系统不适合设计对适应性和重构有越来越多要求的生产系统。一个更深入的问题是在大规模的工程中软件越来越复杂,促使要有一个系统化的设计方法论。

主题的客观性和重要性。

主题的客观性是为PLC自动控制系统建立一个系统化的软件设计方法论。这个设计方法论包括以状态转换模型为基础的精确的描述,这个转台转换模型是自动控制系统的抽象系统。方法论还包括一个逐步的设计过程,并且要设置一个设计规则,这样才能为一个成功的设计提供导向和方法。这项研究的真正目的是找到一个减少控制软件发展过程的不稳定性的方法,也就是说,减少程序和调试时间以及他们的变化,以增强自动控制系统的适应性,并且通过调整软件使得软件可以再度使用。这样的目的是为了克服目前程序策略的不足之处,而目前的程序策略是以个人软件开发者的经验为基础的。

一个系统化的设计PLC程序的方法可以克服传统程序生产控制系统的缺点,并且在一些工业应用中有很大的不同。自动控制系统是状态模型用公式语言或等价的语言描述的。公式描述对被控制的系统的行为提供一个精确的描述。可以通过分析估计看状态模型是否达到想要的目标,第二,状态模型的描述提供结构描

述,这个结构描述可以说明逻辑要求如细节安全规则的限制。第三,好的控制系统设计是对自动控制代码生成有益的——一种能够产生可执行的控制软件的能力,不同的逻辑控制器可以减少程序扫描时间和执行那个时间。特别的,这个主题与随后的部分的是有关的。

订制生产

在现代制造业中,系统是用过程和结果的革新来描述的,变得Customer-Driven,并且因此不得不改变系统性能以快速做出反应。因此,一个大的挑战是提供技术以限制自动控制系统对变化需要和新机会的反应,所以,设计和操作知识可以实时的被再次利用,在工业实践中提供了一个重要的竞争面。

高水平的自动化设计和软件质量

研究表明,在自动化系统中,程序实现的方法已经与计算机资源应用的急速增长不能匹配。例如,可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)程序仍然依靠一种方便的有逻辑梯形图的程序实现模式。结果,程序上的延迟和资源成了生产工业过程的主要绊脚石。在可编程逻辑控制器程序设计过程中,测试和调试可能会占用超过百分之五十的人力。在发展和传播“STATE-OF-THE-ART”已经形成标准[IEC 60848, 1999; IEC-61131-3, 1993; IEC 61499, 1998; ISO 15745-1, 1999],但是,基本上这些标准都不能参与有效的程序和系统设计方面知识的革新。

系统的方法通过使用原有的软件模块,有助于增加设计自动化的水平,同时也将提供一种可管理的大规模系统设计的方法。同样的,它也将改善软件的质量的可靠性,以及关系到系统的较高安全标准,尤其是这些对环境有危害影响的,比如:机场控制、公共铁路运输。

系统复杂性

软件工业被认为是系统性能的破坏者和系统复杂性的产生者。逐渐下降的硬件价格,破坏了对通过优化程序获得的软件性能的需要。其结果是,一方面造成了大量而低效率的程序代码,另一方面并没有获得高的硬件性能。其次,软件变得难以掌握其程度的复杂;在现代自动化系统中,软件设计和保持系统本质几乎变得不可能。尤其是,可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)程序设计从二十五年前的两条主线,发展到现在的成千上万条。现在安全性增加了,例如,关于防火的新措施,以及现代自动化系统的柔韧性增加了程序设计过程的复杂性。因此,软件的使用周期花费是总共花费的一个固定不变的增长部分。百分之八十到九十的花费用于软件维护、调试、优化(改进)、和扩展以满足不断变换的需求。

设计理论发展

目前,大部分设计研究的主要焦点都集中在机械和电子产品上。这种有目的性的研究产生了一个副产品,就是通过推广这中研究到系统工程设计领域,从而加固了我们对设计理论和技巧的基本理解。针对大规模和复杂系统的系统设计理论并没有成熟。尤其是,对如何简化一个繁冗而复杂的设计任务这一问题,仍然没有被科学的处理。而且,正在设计理论和代表计算机科学及运筹学研究的认识论结果之间构建一条桥梁,这样的具体应该是逻辑硬件电路设计。

在逻辑硬件设计方面的应用

从逻辑学的角度来看,可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)的软件设计类似与集成电路硬件设计。现代超大规模集成电路设计(Very Large Scale Integration--VLSI)是及其复杂的,一个集成电路一般有几百万个晶体管,而且产品开发周期大都三年左右。设计过程一般都分成局部功能块设计和系统设计两个阶段。在局部功能块设计阶段,单个功能将被设计出来,并予以验证。在系统设计阶段,所有功能块都将被整合起来,整个系统行为特性和功能将会通过仿真形式加以测试。一般来说,所有部分都完全的验证是不可能的。因此,统计学可以作为可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)设计的一个例子,并有可能影响逻辑硬件设计。

PLC(可编程逻辑控制器)

现在面临着甚至更加复杂的难题。曾经PLC取代继电器并且丢对共同的计算机主机提供不时的信息。现在,她被分解成单元模块,并分给新的任务和应用新的语言。而且被迫与越来越多的一系列控制产品相竞争。每年一度的最新PLC 技术会上,我们调查PLC生产者关于以下这些问题。

编程语言

高级PLC编程语言已经在有些方面很普及。但是最近高级编程语言已经迅速发展。西门子的总经理兼生产部长指出:“可编程控制在被广泛的应用与于精密操作,除了梯形图逻辑以外的编程语言变得更加使用、有效和强大。例如,用梯形图逻辑写一个三角函数公式是非常困难的。”被接收的语言包括Boolean,控制系统流程图编制,如公式编制语言Graphtec和与它类似的语言,并且还有增加的重要语言如C语言和BASIC语言。

过程控制中的PLC

PLC还没有广泛的应用于过程控制中。是否会一直这样下去呢?美国南部Fancy的经理Ken Jeannette说:“我觉得PLC将被用于过程控制但是对于过程控制又不是必须的。”

一些厂家已经将PLC的优化程序应用于过程控制中,他们十分确定PLC不会广泛用于过程控制这样的事情是不会发生的。Rich Ryan经理提到PLC在食品、化学和石油等工业领域越来越多的应用。他认为PLC适合应用于场合有两种,他说:“第一,过程控制系统的型号不适合离散控制系统,刚开始这些产品的价格非常的高。而一个可编程控制器以它的体积小,价格低顺理成章的被应用。第二,你必须把电路和逻辑紧密的结合爱来。例如,一组基本的控制器,连续的过程变量紧密的互相联系在一起,以至于用可编程控制器来完成一系列的逻辑胜过没有离散控制器的系统。”

Triconex公司总裁Bill Barkovtz预测,“未来的控制器过程控制系统的业务将迎来更大量的PLC技术和更大量的PLC功能,比他们以前做过的。”

通信和生产自动化协议(MAP)

通信对于个人自动单元是很重要的。在过去的几年里,我们听到许多关于生产自动化协议的事情,并且许多公司已经加入大有成功希望的事业。然而,当一个完整的生产自动化协议说明书没有及时出现时许多公司都很失望。Larry Kotare说:”现在,生产自动化协议仍然是生产中一个发展的对象,一个说明书

并不是最终的结果。例如,虽然当新的生产自动化协议MAP3.0版本使用之时以MAP2.1版本为基础的产品将会被淘汰,但是现在人们仍然将产品用于MAP2.1版。”

由于这些原因,许多PLC厂家紧盯着MAP的最新结果。如欧姆龙公司正在进行一个有关MAP兼容性的项目。但是欧姆龙生产部门总经理Frank Newborn说由于缺少一个固定的标准,欧姆龙的产品并不涉及到MAP。

由于工业PLC无论何时不可能广泛的涉及到MAP,生产厂家正在考虑专用网络。根据Sal Probanzano说法,用户担心如果他们广泛的应用生产厂家将会收回MAP,这样将会留下一个不支持通信的交流框架。

PLC简介

可编程控制器是60年代末在美国首先出现的,当时叫可编程逻辑控制器PLC (Programmable Logic Controller),目的是用来取代继电器。以执行逻辑判断、计时、计数等顺序控制功能。提出PLC概念的是美国通用汽车公司。PLC的基本设计思想是把计算机功能完善、灵活、通用等优点和继电器控制系统的简单易懂、操作方便、价格便宜等优点结合起来,控制器的硬件是标准的、通用的。根据实际应用对象,将控制内容编成软件写入控制器的用户程序存储器内,使控制器和被控对象连接方便。

70年代中期以后,PLC已广泛地使用微处理器作为中央处理器,输入输出模块和外围电路也都采用了中、大规模甚至超大规模的集成电路,这时的PLC已不再是仅有逻辑(Logic)判断功能,还同时具有数据处理、PID调节和数据通信功能。国际电工委员会(IEC)颁布的可编程控制器标准草案中对可编程控制器作了如下的定义:可编程控制器是一种数字运算操作的电子系统,专为在工业环境下应用而设计。它采用了可编程序的存储器,用来在其内部存储执行逻辑运算,顺序控制、定时、计数和算术运算等操作的指令,并通过数字式和模拟式的输入和输出,控制各种类型的机械或生产过程。可编程控制器及其有关外围设备,易于与工业控制系统联成一个整体,扩充其功能的设计。可编程控制器对用户来说,是一种无触点设备,改变程序即可改变生产工艺。目前,可编程控制器已成为工厂自动化的强有力工具,得到了广泛的普及推广应用。可编程控制器是面向用户的专用工业控制计算机,具有许多明显的特点:

1 靠性高,抗干扰能力强;

2 编程直观、简单;

3 适应性好;

4 功能完善,接口功能强。

PLC外文翻译

外文翻译 原文:The open system merit of Computer Numerical Control The open system merit is the system simple, the cost low, but the shortcoming is the precision is low. The reverse gap, the guide screw pitch error, stop inferiorly can affect the pointing accuracy by mistake. Following several kind of improvements measure may cause the pointing accuracy distinct improvement. 1. reverse gap error compensates The numerical control engine bed processing cutting tool and the work piece relative motion is depends upon the drive impetus gear,the guide screw rotation, thus the impetus work floor and so on moves the part to produce moves realizes. As traditional part gear, guide screw although the manufacture precision is very high, but always unavoidably has the gap. As a result of this kind of gap existence, when movement direction change, starts the section time to be able to cause inevitably actuates the part wasting time, appears the instruction pulse to push the motionless functional element the aspect. This has affected the engine bed processing precision, namely the instruction pulse and actual enters for the step does not tally,has the processing error therefore, the split-ring numerical control system all establishes generally has the reverse gap error compensatory function, with by makes up which wastes time the step reverse gap difference compensates is first actual reverse enters for the error, converts the pulse equivalent number it, compensates the subroutine as the gap the output, when the computer judgment appears when instruction for counter motion, transfers the gap to compensate the subroutine immediately, compensates the pulse after the output to eliminate the reverse gap to carry on again normally inserts makes up the movement. 2. often the value systematic characteristic position error compensates A kind of storehouse by transfers for the designer. Like this in the components design stage, the designer only must input the characteristic the parameter, the system direct production characteristic example model: We must save the related characteristic class in the database the structure information, the database table collection are use in saving this part of related information. According to the characteristic type definition need, we defined the characteristic class code table, the

PLC外文文献翻译

Programmable logic controller A programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines, amusement rides, or lighting fixtures. PLCs are used in many industries and machines. Unlike general-purpose computers, the PLC is designed for multiple inputs and output arrangements, extended temperature ranges, immunity to electrical noise, and resistance to vibration and impact. Programs to control machine operation are typically stored in battery-backed or non-volatile memory. A PLC is an example of a real time system since output results must be produced in response to input conditions within a bounded time, otherwise unintended operation will result. 1.History The PLC was invented in response to the needs of the American automotive manufacturing industry. Programmable logic controllers were initially adopted by the automotive industry where software revision replaced the re-wiring of hard-wired control panels when production models changed. Before the PLC, control, sequencing, and safety interlock logic for manufacturing automobiles was accomplished using hundreds or thousands of relays, cam timers, and drum sequencers and dedicated closed-loop controllers. The process for updating such facilities for the yearly model change-over was very time consuming and expensive, as electricians needed to individually rewire each and every relay. In 1968 GM Hydramatic (the automatic transmission division of General Motors) issued a request for proposal for an electronic replacement for hard-wired relay systems. The winning proposal came from Bedford Associates of Bedford, Massachusetts. The first PLC, designated the 084 because it was Bedford Associates' eighty-fourth project, was the result. Bedford Associates started a new company dedicated to developing, manufacturing, selling, and servicing this new product: Modicon, which stood for MOdular DIgital CONtroller. One of the people who worked on that project was Dick Morley, who is considered to be the "father" of the PLC. The Modicon brand was sold in 1977 to Gould Electronics, and later acquired by German Company AEG and then by French Schneider Electric, the current owner. One of the very first 084 models built is now on display at Modicon's headquarters in North Andover, Massachusetts. It was presented to Modicon by GM, when the unit was retired after nearly twenty years of uninterrupted service. Modicon used the 84

基于PLC相关的毕业设计外文翻译(可编辑修改word版)

毕业论文(设计)外文翻译 题目:可编程逻辑控制器技术 系部名称:信息工程系专业班级: 学生姓名:学号: 指导教师:教师职称: 2014 年3 月XX 日

译文 可编程逻辑控制器技术 引言 PLC(可编程逻辑控制器)实际是一个工业控制系统(近来我们看到更多的是用处理器来取代微控制器),在软件和硬件都配备的条件下,适合应用于工业环境。PLC 的发明是相当必要的,它代替了传统的依靠由继电接触器电路来控制电机。PLC 的工作原理是根据它的输入信号和工作状态来确定输出。用户通常是通过软件或编程输入一个程序,来输出所需要的结果。 如图 8-1 所示,PLC 是由典型的黑色构件组成。特别需要注意的是它的输入和输出, 因为在这些模块上,工业环境会给 CPU 一个输入线,所以很有必要将 CPU 模块隔离以保护其免遭有害的影响。程序单元通常是用计算机来编写程序(一般是梯形图)。 1.1CPU 的中央处理单元 中央处理单元(CPU)是一个 PLC 的主控制器。一般 CPU 本身是一个微控制器。通常这些都是 8 位微控制器,如 8051 ,现在的这些是 16 位和 32 位微控制器。潜规则是,你会发现用在 PLC 控制器上的微控制器多数是由日本生产的日立和富士通,欧洲的西门子控制器,和美国的摩托罗拉微控制器。CPU 也负责通讯,与 PLC 控制器的其它部分相互联系,如程序执行,内存操作,监督输入和设置输出。PLC 控制器拥有复杂的程序用于内存检查,以确保 PLC 内存不被损坏(内存检查是为了安全原因而作出的)。一般来说,CPU 单元多数用来检查 PLC 控制器本身,所以有可能出现的错误很早就会被发现。你可以简单地看任何 PLC 控制器,查看错误信号在发光二极管上的种种指示形式。 1.2内存 系统内存(今天主要是在 FLASH 技术上实现)用于一台 PLC 的过程控制系统。除了 这个操作系统它还包含用户程序将梯形图翻译成二进制的形式。 FLASH 存储器的内容仅在 用户程序改变下可以改变。PLC 控制器较早被用来代替闪存,EPROM 存储器代替了那些只能依靠紫外线灯等擦除内存并依靠程序员来编程的 FLASH 存储器。在 FLASH 技术的作用下这个过程被大大的缩短了。重组程序内存通过程序中的串行通讯用于应用程序开发。使用内存被划分成多个具有特殊功能的模块。存储器某些部分用来存储输入状态和输出状态。一个 输入信号的实际状态是用 1 或0 存储在一个特定的存储位。每一个输入信号和输出信号在内存里都有一个位与之相对应。内存的其他部分用来存储用户程序中使用的变量以及变量的内容。例如,定时器的值和计数器的值都将被存储在这部分内存里。 1.3PLC 控制器的编程 PLC 控制器可以通过计算机(常用的方式)进行编程,还可以通过手动编程器(控制台)编程。这实际上意味着如果你有需要的编程软件那么每个 PLC 控制器都可以通过计算机进行编程。今天的传输计算机是非常适合在工厂对 PLC 控制器进行编程的。这对工业有着非常重要的意义。一旦系统被刷新,重新读取正确的程序到 PLC 就很重要。还可以定期检查 PLC 中的程序是否改变了。这有助于避免在工厂车间发生危险状况(部分汽车制造商建立了通信网络,定期检查项目中的 PLC 控制器,以确保执行的程序是正确的)。

plc外文翻译

1 Bit Logic In structi ons 1.1 Overview of Bit Logic In structi ons 1.1.1 Description Bit logic in structi ons work with two digits, 1 and 0. These two digits form the base of a nu mber system called the binary system. The two digits 1 and 0 are called binary digits or bits. In the world of con tacts and coils, a 1 in dicates activated or en ergized, and a 0 in dicates not activated or not en ergized. The bit logic in struct ions in terpret sig nal states of 1 and 0 and comb ine them accord ing to Boolea n logic. These comb in ati ons produce a result of 1 or 0 that is called the “result of logic operati on ” (RLO). The logic operations that are triggered by the bit logic instructions perform a variety of fun cti ons. There are bit logic in structio ns to perform the followi ng fun cti ons: ---| |--- Normally Ope n Co ntact (Address) ---| / |--- Normally Closed Con tact (Address) ---(SAVE) Save RLO into BR Memory XOR Bit Exclusive OR ---()Output Coil ---(# )--- Midli ne Output ---|NOT|--- In vert Power Flow The followi ng in structio ns react to an RLO of 1: ---(S ) Set Coil ---(R ) Reset Coil SR Set-Reset Flip Flop RS Reset-Set Flip Flop Other in structi ons react to a positive or n egative edge tran siti on to perform the followi ng functions: ---(N)--- Negative RLO Edge Detectio n ---(P)--- Positive RLO Edge Detectio n NEG Address Negative Edge Detectio n POS Address Positive Edge Detectio n

plc外文翻译

1 Bit Logic Instructions 1.1 Overview of Bit Logic Instructions 1.1.1 Description Bit logic instructions work with two digits, 1 and 0. These two digits form the base of a number system called the binary system. The two digits 1 and 0 are called binary digits or bits. In the world of contacts and coils, a 1 indicates activated or energized, and a 0 indicates not activated or not energized. The bit logic instructions interpret signal states of 1 and 0 and combine them according to Boolean logic. These combinations produce a result of 1 or 0 that is called the “result of logic operation” (RLO). The logic operations that are triggered by the bit logic instructions perform a variety of functions. There are bit logic instructions to perform the following functions: ---| |--- Normally Open Contact (Address) ---| / |--- Normally Closed Contact (Address) ---(SAVE) Save RLO into BR Memory XOR Bit Exclusive OR ---( ) Output Coil ---( # )--- Midline Output ---|NOT|--- Invert Power Flow The following instructions react to an RLO of 1: ---( S ) Set Coil ---( R ) Reset Coil SR Set-Reset Flip Flop RS Reset-Set Flip Flop Other instructions react to a positive or negative edge transition to perform the following functions: ---(N)--- Negative RLO Edge Detection ---(P)--- Positive RLO Edge Detection NEG Address Negative Edge Detection POS Address Positive Edge Detection

PLC控制系统外文翻译

附录 Abstract: Programmable controller in the field of industrial control applications, and PLC in the application process, to ensure normal operation should be noted that a series of questions, and give some reasonable suggestions. Key words: PLC Industrial Control Interference Wiring Ground Proposal Description Over the years, programmable logic controller (hereinafter referred to as PLC) from its production to the present, to achieve a connection to the storage logical leap of logic; its function from weak to strong, to achieve a logic control to digital control of progress; its applications from small to large, simple controls to achieve a single device to qualified motion control, process control and distributed control across the various tasks. PLC today in dealing with analog, digital computing, human-machine interface and the network have been a substantial increase in the capacity to become the mainstream of the field of control of industrial control equipment, in all walks of life playing an increasingly important role. ⅡPLC application areas Currently, PLC has been widely used in domestic and foreign steel, petroleum, chemical, power, building materials, machinery manufacturing, automobile, textile, transportation, environmental and cultural entertainment and other industries, the use of mainly divided into the following categories: 1. Binary logic control Replace traditional relay circuit, logic control, sequential control, can be used to control a single device can also be used for multi-cluster control and automation lines. Such as injection molding machine, printing machine, stapler machine, lathe, grinding machines, packaging lines, plating lines and so on. 2. Industrial Process Control In the industrial production process, there are some, such as temperature, pressure, flow, level and speed, the amount of continuous change (ie, analog), PLC using the appropriate A / D and D / A converter module, and a variety of control algorithm program to handle analog, complete closed-loop control. PID closed loop control system adjustment is generally used as a conditioning method was more. Process control in metallurgy, chemical industry, heat treatment, boiler control and so forth have a very wide range of applications 3. Motion Control PLC can be used in a circular motion or linear motion control. Generally use a dedicated motion control module, for example a stepper motor or servo motor driven single-axis or multi-axis position control module, used in a variety of machinery, machine tools, robots, elevators and other occasions. 4. Data Processing PLC with mathematics (including matrix operations, functions, operation, logic operation), data transfer, data conversion, sorting, look-up table, bit manipulation functions, you can complete the data collection, analysis and processing.Data

精品中英文外文翻译--PLC和微处理器-定

Introductions of PLC and MCU A PLC is a device that was invented to replace the necessary sequential relay circuits for machine control. The PLC works by looking at its inputs and depending upon their state, turning on/off its outputs .The user enters a program, usually via software or programmer that gives the desired results. PLC are used in many “real world” applications. If there is industry present, chances are good that there is a PLC present. If you are involved in machining, packaging, material handling, automated assembly or countless other industries, you are probably already using them. If you are not, you are wasting money and time. Almost any application that needs some type of electrical control has need for PLC. For example, let’s assume that when a switch turns on we want to turn a solenoid on for 5 seconds and then turn it off regardless of how long the switch is on for. We can do this with a simple external timer. What if the process also needed to count how many times the switch individually turned on? We need a lot of external counters. As you can see, the bigger the process the more of a need we have for a PLC. We can simply program the PLC to count its inputs and turn the solenoids on for the specified time. We will take a look at what i s considered to be the “top 20” PLC instructions. It can be safely estimated that with a firm understanding of there instructions one can solve more than 80% of the applications in existence. That‘s right, more than 80%! Of course we’ll learn more than jus t these instructions to help you solve almost ALL your potential PLC applications. The PLC mainly consists of a CPU, memory areas, and appropriate circuits to receive input/output data, as shown in Fig. 19.1 We can actually consider the PLC to be a box full of hundreds or thousands of separate relays, counters, timer and date storage locations. Do these counters, timers, etc. really exist? No, they don’t “physically” exist but rather they are simulated and can be considered software counters, timers, etc. These internal relays are simulated through bit locations in registers. What does each part do? INPUT RELAYS-(contacts) These are connected to the outside world. They physically exist and receive signals from switches, sensors, etc... Typically they are not relays but rather they are transistors.

PLC中英文资料外文翻译-(1)

可编程控制器技术讨论与未来发展 摘自《可编程控制器技术讨论与未来发展》 数字媒体系 08165110 多衡随着时代的发展,当今的技术也日趋完善、竞争愈演愈烈;单靠人工的操作已不能满足于目前的制造业前景,也无法保证更高质量的要求和高新技术企业的形象. 人们在生产实践中看到,自动化给人们带来了极大的便利和产品质量上的保证,同时也减轻了人员的劳动强度,减少了人员上的编制.在许多复杂的生产过程中难以实现的目标控制、整体优化、最佳决策等,熟练的操作工、技术人员或专家、管理者却能够容易判断和操作,可以获得满意的效果.人工智能的研究目标正是利用计算机来实现、模拟这些智能行为,通过人脑与计算机协调工作,以人机结合的模式,为解决十分复杂的问题寻找最佳的途径我们在各种场合看到了继电器连接的控制,那已经是时代的过去,如今的继电器只能作为低端的基层控制模块或者简单的设备中使用到;而PLC的出现也成为了划时代的主题,通过极其稳定的硬件穿插灵活的软件控制,使得自动化走向了新的高潮。 PLC的最大特点在于:电气工程师已不再电气的硬件上花费太多的心计,只要将按钮开关或感应器的输入点连接到PLC的输入点上就能解决问题,通过输出点连接接触器或继电器来控制大功率的启动设备,而小功率的输出设备直接连接就可以。 PLC的内部包含了具有中央处理器的CPU,并带有外部I/O口扩展的I/O接口地址和存储器三大块组成,CPU的核心是由一个或者多个累加器组成,它们具有逻辑的数学运算能力,并能读取程序存储器的内容通过计算后去驱动相应的存储器和I/O接口;I/O口将内部累加器和外部的输入和输出系统连接起来,并将相关的数据存入程序存储器或者数据存储器中;存储器可以将I/O口输入的数据存入存储器中,并在工作时调转到累加器和I/O接口上,存储器分程序存储器ROM和数据存储器RAM,ROM可以将数据永久的存入存储器中,而RAM只能作为CPU计算时临时计算使用的缓冲空间。 PLC的抗干扰是极其优秀的,我们根本不用去关心它的使用寿命和工作场合的恶劣,这些所有的问题已不再成为我们失败的主题,而留给我们的是关心如何来利用PLC的内部资源为我们加强设备的控制能力,使我们的设备更加的柔性。 PLC的语言并不是我们所想象的汇编语言或C语言来进行编程,而是采用原有的继电器控制的梯形图,使得电气工程师在编写程序时很容易就理解了PLC的语言,而且很多的非电气专业人士也对PLC很快认识并深入。

PLC中英文资料外文翻译

可编程控制器 技术讨论与未来发展 学生姓名: ****** 所在院系: ****** 所学专业: ****** 导师姓名: ****** 完成时间:******

外文资料 PLCtechnique discussion and future development With the development of the times, today's technology is maturing, competition intensified。 rely on manual operation does not satisfy the current industry outlook, there is no guarantee of higher quality requirements and high-tech corporate image. People saw in the production practice, automation to bring great convenience and product quality assurance, but also reduce the labor intensity, reducing the staff on the establishment in many complex production process is difficult to achieve target control, the overall optimization, optimal decision-making, skilled operatives, technicians or specialists, managers can easily determine and operate it, you can get satisfactory results. artificial intelligence research is the use of computers to achieve the target, the analog These intelligent behavior, through coordination of the human brain and a computer to combine human models for solving very complex problem of finding the best way. PLC's most important feature is: electrical engineer electrical hardware no longer spend too much scheming, as long as the button switch or sensor input connected to the PLC input point will solve the problem by connecting the output point contacts or relay to control the power of the boot device, and small power output devices can be connected directly. Contained within the PLC having a central processor of the CPU, and with an external I / O port expansion I / O interface and the memory addresses of three major components, CPU core is formed by one or more accumulators, which have the logical math capabilities, and can read the contents of the program memory to drive through the calculation of the corresponding memory and I / O interface。 I / O port to the internal accumulator and external input and output systems together, and the relevant data stored in the program memory or data memory。 memory can be I / O port input data stored in memory and transferred to the accumulator at work, and I / O interfaces, memory sub-ROM program memory and data memory RAM, ROM data can be permanently stored in memory, CPU and RAM only as a temporary calculated using the calculation buffer space. PLC immunity is extremely good, we do not have to care about the life and work of its harsh occasions, all of these issues are no longer the subject of our failure, and left us is concerned with how to take advantage of the PLC's internal resources to

PLC中英文资料外文翻译

附录 外文资料 PLC technique discussion and future development Along with the development of the ages, the technique that is nowadays is also gradually perfect, the competition plays more more strong; the operation that list depends the artificial has already can't satisfied with the current manufacturing industry foreground, also can't guarantee the request of the higher quantity and high new the image of the technique business enterprise. The people see in produce practice, automate brought the tremendous convenience and the product quantities for people up of assurance, also eased the personnel's labor strength, reduce the establishment on the personnel. The target control of the hard realization in many complicated production lines, whole and excellent turn, the best decision etc., well-trained operation work, technical personnel or expert, governor but can judge and operate easily, can acquire the satisfied result. The research target of the artificial intelligence makes use of the calculator exactly to carry out, imitate these intelligences behavior, moderating the work through person's brain and calculators, with the mode that person's machine combine, for resolve the very complicated problem to look for the best path We come in sight of the control that links after the electric appliances in various situation, that is already the that time generation past, now of after use in the mold a perhaps simple equipments of grass-roots control that the electric appliances can do for the low level only;And the PLC emergence also became the epoch-making topic, adding the vivid software control through a very and stable hardware, making the automation head for the new high tide. The PLC biggest characteristics lie in: The electrical engineering teacher already no longer electric hardware up too many calculationses of cost, as long as order the importation that the button switch or the importation of the sensors order to link the PLC up can solve problem, pass to output to order the conjunction contact machine or control the start equipments of the big power after the electric appliances, but the

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