Unit1
课内练习答案（P3 Comprehending 1）
1. First settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America. These people are now known as Native Americans.
2. Spanish soldiers arrived in South America.
3. California became part of Mexico.
4. The US declared war on Mexico.
5. Gold was discovered in California.
6. California became the 31st state of the US.
P3Ex.2
第一行：
in the early 16th century
early 1800s
1800s
第二行：
late 1840s / early 1850s
in the late 19th century
1911
第三行：
1920s
beginning of the 20th century
from about the 1970s
第四行：
from about the 1970s
in more recent decades
from about the 1970s
P4Ex.1（learning about language）
Adjective major Italian hard Korean racial
Pakistani distinct Danish
Noun majority Italy hardship Korea race
Pakistan distinction Denmark
P4Ex.2
1federal 2Catholic 3majority 4Ministry 5boom 6Italy 7distinction
8hardships 9Korea 10elected
P4Ex.3
Arctic, Strait, crossing, by means of, rail, making a life, aircraft
P5 Ex.3；P6Ex.2
P5 Ex.3
1---6
2---4
3---5
4---3
5----7
6---2
7---8
8---1
P6Ex.2
1. He started in northern California, and he has been travelling south.
2. The facts that not everybody is rich, not everybody lives on the coast, and the desert in California is not like the rest of the climate of California, surprised him.
3. He had watched too many American movies.
4. Many people from different countries moved to California. They
brought their own customs, culture and food. They kept them up and so produced the large variety of food, music, customs, art and cultural activities.
P6Ex.3
southeastern California American movies beach / coast cotton, vegetables, nuts southeast desert races festival, music
P7Ex.1
1Wednesday (Angel Island) 2Monday (Fisherman’s Wharf) 3Tuesday (Chinatown)4 Tuesday(blue and white road sighs) 5Wednesday ( Golden Gate Bridge) 6 Monday (cable car)
P9Ex.2
1 He invented the cable car system because the horse-drawn trams used before were unsafe.
2 He ate at Fisherman’s Wharf.
3 It was convenient for him to tour around the city. It was cheaper to hire a car with other people because they could share the coast. Also he probably enjoyed being in the company of other tourists.
4 Eat in Chinese restaurants, go to markets, visit temples and museums.
5 It was famous as a place for immigrants to be checked before they could enter California.
Workbook练习题答案（P46Ex.1）
1Traveller’s Tales 2Tom Price 3Mandy Long 4New Orleans
P46Ex.3
1F2T3T4F5T6T7F8T9T
P47Ex.4
1. (略)
2. hot and humid
3. 1812 Louisiana became a state of the USA.
1857 The first Mardi Gras celebration was held.
4. C
P48Ex.1
a great many, applying for, nephew, ferry, Immigration, Apparently, bakeries, occur, thankful, fascinating
P48Ex.2
1take in 2reform 3had marked out 4team up with 5back to back
6applicants, 7customs
P48Ex.3
1. When he arrived at the hotel, the first thing he wanted to do was to leave his luggage / baggage, have a shower and shave, and then walk around.
2. My grandpa was a socialist who believed in socialism all his life.
3. Many illegal immigrants felt that their stay in America was like a punishment because only a few of them got justice and were allowed to live there.
4. The civil authorities tried to reduce the noise made by seagulls but failed.
5. Many English farmers mourned their cattle which had to be killed because of “mad cow disease”.
6. My house is nowhere near the center of the city, but it has no air pollution or traffic jams. / Although my house is nowhere near the center
of the city, it has no air pollution or traffic jams.
P49Ex.1
1how (OC) 2What (SC) 3whether (OC) 4what / which (OC) 5what (SC) 6That (SC) 7Why (SC) 8why (OC) 9When (SC) 10 as if (PC) 11 where (/ why (PC) 12How (SC) 13 why (PC) 14 that
(PC) 15 whether (OC)
P49Ex.2
1. it is used as the subject, object, predicative or appositive in a sentence
2. it is used as an attribute modifying a noun, a pronoun or a sentence
P50Ex.3
1. sad
2. the coffin was taken to the graveyard to be buried.
3. serious
4. after the body has been buried and the people are leaving the graveyard
5. begins singing and dancing
6. celebrate the life of the person who has just died
P52Ex.2
P52Ex.3
Achievements:
Learned to play drums and trumpet at age 12;
Got a job in best band in town at age 16;
Started making records at age 23;
Became a huge star and remained popular for almost 50 years; Acted in over 50 movies;
Became a goodwill ambassador for the USA;
Took part in the civil rights movement.
Good qualities：
Even though he was poor, he never turned to crime to make a living; He was a great musician;
He loved entertaining people;
He could communicate with people from all sorts of backgrounds; He cared about civil rights issues;
He lived a simple life despite his rights and fame;
He continued to work all his life.
Unit2
课内练习答案（P12Ex.1）
1. The first use is to produce commercial quantities of plants. The second is to research on new plants specials and do medical research on animals.
2. Cloning plants is straightforward, but the cloning of animals is very complicated.
3. The first clone from an adult animal was Dolly the sheep. She died in 2003.
4. Cloning is controversial in some countries for moral and religious reasons.
P12Ex.2
Problems or dangers of cloning
Evil leaders may want to clone themselves.
Animal clones may develop the illnesses of older animals.
Animal clones may die younger than the donor animals.
There are moral objections to cloning human being.
Advantages of cloning
Medical cloning could produce cures for serious illness in humans. Cloning plants can be useful for research on new plant species.
Cloning plants can produce plants of similar quality for sale.
Cloning can help save endangered animals.
P12EX.3
I think the writer is impartial because he / she does not state any personal opinion about cloning.
P13Ex.1
1differ 2cast 3accumulate 4exact 5altogether 6objections 7un dertake 8moral
.P13Ex.2
1 straightforward
2 arbitrary
3 commercial
4 made an objection
to 5 obtain 6 will forbid
P13Ex.3
1attain 2complicated 3fate 4carrier 5cast 6reform 7accumulate
P14Ex2
1997年多莉羊诞生的消息宣布后便成为一项科学突破。但是，后
来多莉染上严重肺病的问题又使科学家们忧虑。2003年 2月 14日科
学家们做出让多莉长眠的决定。多莉之死正如它的出世一样，肯定会
带来焦虑。多莉早亡的事实令世人失望。科学家们认为克隆可能会带
来很多重大的科学突破和医学疗法，但是现在他们不得不思考这样的
问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？”除此之外，关于是否应
该允许进行人类克隆实验的问题也引起了激烈的争论。科学家们相信
人类的克隆只不过是时间的问题，但是克隆人已经问世的说法还没有
被证实。
P14Ex.3
1. that she would come next week for a short visit
2. that a woman trapped under the ruins for six days was rescued
3. that he failed in the test
4. that she had dreamed of for years
5. that he must have safety training
6. that the interview went well
7. that the people in the earthquake-hit areas had rebuilt their homes
8. that everyone in class did well in the performance
P16Ex.1
1. There will not be enough genetic variation in the group to be able to resist new illnesses.
2. It is not a good idea to clone an animal that would live in a zoo because it is not a suitable habitat to develop and increase its numbers. The zoo is not a natural environment for a wild animal.
P17Ex.1
1、3、4、5
P17Ex.2
Workbook练习答案（P54Ex.2）
2、3、4
P54Ex.3
1. Clare thinks people will want to buy cloned babies if they cannot have babies of their own.
2. People have not thought that there may be dishonest laboratories who will produce and sell cloned babies like a baby factory.
3.（略）
4. (略)
P55Ex1
procedure, assumption, be bound to, resist, from time to time, restoring, shortly, claws, brought back
P55Ex.2
1in time 2in danger 3in vain 4in black pen 5in favor of 6In the meantime
P55Ex.3
1. I adore homemade rectangular loaves made with brown flour and nuts.
2. He is very conservative, and is even in favor of a constitution that gives few rights to immigrant voters.
3. When the leader of the chorus retired from the opera, they held a dinner party for him.
4. The media plays an important role in influencing public opinion.
5. Don’t bother about taking down those decorations yet. The Christmas celebrations aren’t over yet.
6. The regulations for cloning animals are very strict, and he is unable to continue his experiments.
7. Don’t bother yourself about cloning my pet cat. I won’t expect to bring
it back to life.
8. The people in flooded areas owed a great deal to the PLA soldiers for their rescue work.
P56Ex.1
1C 2E 3A / F 4B 5A / F 6D
P56Ex.2
1. that they should buy a new car
2. that they wanted the most expensive one
3. that they would save for six months
4. that Sue’s uncle had died unexpectedly
5. that she must follow when she inherited money
6. that she should save all her money in the bank
7. that she was doing the right thing to use the money
Appositive clauses: 1、 3、4
P56Ex.3
1.the explorer,
2. how he got his job.
3. that mountain climbing was so popular in his hometown inFlorida,
4. that he both could take risks and earn a living
5. that he would study earth sciences at university
6.
That he spoke many languages 7. why he did not make it his career 8. that he is retiring this year
.P57Ex.2
1O 2O 3F 4O 5F 6O 7F 8O 9O 10F
P57Ex.3
1. He wants to make his mother happy by keeping her pet dog alive forever, and also wants to take the chance to America for holiday when the dog is being cloned there.
2. Frank doesn’t agree with cloning because he thinks cloning is very expensive and it has many moral problems.
3. Billy’s mother is in favor of cloning. She is saving money to go
to America to have her pet dog cloned just before it dies.
4. (略)
P57Ex.4
P57Ex.5
BILLY: 1. the cloning procedure; 2. the experiments in America FRANK: 1. your mother to love her dog, so she will want to clone it when it gets old. 2. take advantage of that to have a good holiday
P59Ex.
Unit3
课内练习答案(P21Ex.1)
1. The mother was upset because a family of snakes had made their home near the house.
2. The writer was happy because it gave her an opportunity to help her mother and invent something
to catch the snakes without hurting them at the same time.
3. These are the three creative steps the writer took to trap the snakes by cooling them and making
them sleepy so could catch them.
Step1: She bought a stainless steel ice cream maker and froze the bowl. She added ice cubes to the top
of the bowl to keep it cold. She placed it over the snakes’ habitat during
the day so that the snakes
would become sleepy and could be easily caught.
Step2: As above she did the same but placed the bowls over the snakes’habits in evening.
Step3: As above but added a net to catch the snake.
4. Snakes do not have a way of keeping warm in their bodies. They get warmth from the sun and
become more active at this time. When the sun goes down at night they cool down and become less
active. So extra cooling to the snake would make them even less active and easier to catch.
P23Ex.1
1._cube_ cubic base___basic
mercy _merciful fancy___fanciful
stain stainless_ care___careless
caution cautious poison___poisonous
2. expect _expectation_ _relax___relaxation
produce _production _reduce___reduction
identify _identification_ satisfy___satisfaction
3. strong__ strengthen _long___lengthen
freezing _freeze_ disappointing___disappoint
P23Ex.2
1. The greengrocer at the corner is probably the most_convenient_to reach.
2. If you want to apply for a credit card, you must
provide valid identification.
3. You need to approach that animal with caution_as it may bite.
4. She is passive_during meetings and does not contribute to discussions at all.
5. I found his phone number in the directory and tried
to_call_/_ring_up last night, but there was no reply.
6. I don’t think of my hometown very much, only now_and_then.
7. Luckily the rainfall stopped abruptly before I left.
8. In a courtroom it is sometimes difficult to distinguish who is innocent
and who is guilty.
P23Ex.3
criteria abruptly file valid perfume seize set about product
P24Ex.2
1. signed 2disappointed 3understood 4embarrassed,
beaten 5pleased
P24Ex.3
designed developed rejected welcomed tested improved ad
opted
P24Ex.4
1the play performed 2the car started 3her paintings displayed 4your bedroom tidied 5myself thrown 6my time taken up 7 sausage
burnt 8some guests invited
P26Ex.
1. His saying means that it is important to be experimental. By being curious exploring around a subject you may by chance come up with some new and original ways of solving a problem.
2. His curiosity and exploring spirit led to his success as an inventor of the telephone.
3. Bell invented the telephone and the tetrahedron shape by chance. Both of these are extremely useful and still used today.
4. He will always be known as the inventor of the telephone because it was
a very popular invention and the patent made the most money ever.
P26Ex.2
washing machine drum carpet cleaner court
P26Ex.3
Workbook练习答案（P62Ex.2）
1 2 1 2
P62Ex.3
1. Ruth wants to buy the mobile that turns itself on when it receives important calls. She missed three yesterday when her mobile was switched / turned off.
2. Mobiles can videotape and act as a computer now.
3. They will be able to plan holidays, book air tickets, hotel and an appropriate place to stay. They will authorize paying for them too.
4. Ruth is worried because it might spend her money.
5. The advantages are that they help people who are busy at work to order goods at the cheapest price or book holidays, air tickets, ect.
6. The mobile may spend money unwisely or spend more than a person can afford. You may forget the spending and not include it in your accounts of your personal income.
P63Ex.1
1set aside 2set out 3set down 4set off 5set up 6set about 7set off
P64Ex.2
tap dots wire practical invaluable competence personnel dynamic stable
P64Ex.3
extension Hang on ring / call up out of order get through call back ring off
P64Ex.4
1. The eyewitness-a greengrocer proved in court that the driver was innocent of the terrible accident, which caused a traffic jam that lasted for several hours.
2. I could not bear to live in a city with so much rainfall even though it is good for my skin.
3. Helicopters and jeeps are widely used in current wars.
4. My associate checked the telephone directory and found the number to dial the after-sales service department when his refrigerator broke down.
5. The little girl bumped her head on a corner of the desk and it left a mark like a triangle on her forehead.
6. The identification of the correct route was difficult as it was so foggy early in the morning.
7. Even though he couldn’t swim, he dived into the river to save the little
girl.
8. In summer, farmers like to wear straw hats while working in the fields.
P65Ex.1
disappointing disappointed amusing amused confusing confused surprised surprising inspired inspiring shocking shocked
P65Ex.2
1confused confusing 2shocked shocking 3surprised surprising
4amusing amused 5disappointing Disappointed 6inspiring inspired
P67Ex.1
1. Leonardo lived at a time of great instability, when paintings did not always provide a steady income.
2. His designs were different because he took things apart and then improved them. So his designs were accurate and could be built and used.
3. Painting helped him with his inventions because while painting he had learned to observe things closely and draw accurately.
4. This question has no correct answer. It encourages Ss to give an opinion of their own and requires them to give a reason for their choice.
P67Ex.3
I think Leonardo designed an early car because the picture seems to show
a vehicle that can move backwards and forwards, has four wheels and can take people for a ride. It does not have beds or room for beds, so it cannot be a caravan It is made of mental, so it cannot be a tent. It does not go round and round, so it cannot be a roundabout.
P68Ex.2
Unit4
课内练习答案（P30Ex.1）
1. Henry Higgins.
2. She thinks he is a policeman in disguise.
3. He has been living in India and has studied many Indian dialects.
4. He is anxious to meet Colonel Pickering because he is researching in the same academic field as Pickering.
5. Her ambition is to be a shop assistant. She decides to take lessons from Professor Higgins to achieve her aim.
6. Eliza is from the lower class. She is respectful to people of the higher class. She calls gentleman “sir” and “cap” in” (or captain) which is a compliment. Henry Higgins is from the middle class. He is rude to the lower class and polite to the same or upper class. He calls Eliza “your silly girl” and Pickering “my dear man” (an equal and friend). Colonel
Pickering is from the upper class. He is generally confident and polite, but ignores Eliza. He is prepared to begin a conversation with Henry, whom he does not know and generous with praise to him.
P31Ex.2
1Yes 2 Yes
1 respects his professional work as a phonetician; calls him sir and my dear man.
2 watches her; notes her reactions; talks about her in front of her; calls her silly girl
1Yes 2 Yes
1 appreciates his expertise; praises him; asks his opinion; happy to be friends
2 ignores her; does not stop Henry when he talks about Eliza in front of
her (which is very rude)
1Yes 2 Unclear
1 anxious; eager not to do the wrong thing; ambitious to improve herself; respectful and curious about Henry’s expertise
2 feels upset not being included in the conversation when talked about
P31Ex.4
Henry Higgins
Impatient, rude, confident, superior, self-important
Colonel Pickering
Kind, polite, generous, enthusiastic, eager, confident
Eliza
Anxious, eager, emotional, ambitious, unsure, dynamic
P31Ex.5
1. Come over here, captain, and buy some flowers from a poor girl.
2. I haven’t done anything wrong by speaking to that gentleman.
3. I thought that maybe you were a policeman in disguise.
4. How do I know whether you wrote down what I said accurately?
5. A shop assistant? Now that’s something I would like to be!
P32Ex.1
1caption 2garment 3whistle 4woollen 5hesitate 6troublesome 7wallet
8outcome 9condemn 10brilliant 11adaptation 12thief
P32Ex.2
mistaken status betrayed classify pass upper superior fortune han dful plot classic
P32Ex.3
1 in disguise
2 in delight
3 in amazement
4 in particular
5 in return
P33Ex.2
1. Being taught by the two gentlemen, Eliza made great progress.
2. Having been awarded so many prizes in literature, George felt that his years of efforts were well deserved.
3. Bitten by the snake in the bush, Susan was sent back to the camp.
4. Having been punished by his boss, he was in a very bad mood.
5. Having been cheated by that company, he lost all his possessions.
6. Having found a hole in her stocking, Mandy said to her friend, “I will
buy another pair and meet you in two hours’ time.”
7. Having been forced to leave his job, he set up his own company.
8. Having been caught, the thief was taken to the police station by the police.
P33Ex.3
determined, Forced, Knowing, accepted, disappointed, Having been trained, spoken, accepted
P35Ex.
1. I want to be a lady in a flower shop instead of selling flowers in the street.
2. Now you’re talking…… You wouldn’t dare to ask the same (amount)
for teaching me (my own language) as you would for (teaching me) French.
3. I cannot. I daren’t. It isn’t natural and would kill me.
P35Ex.1
Things that need to be changed
1 Eliza’s clothes
2 Eliza’s hygiene
3 Her language:
Grammar
Pronunciation
Use of appropriate language (eg no swearing)
4 Eliza’s behaviour
How to change
1 Buy new ones
2 Give her baths
3 Have lessons to help her with all three problems:
Learn the rules
Practice repeating words till correct
Learn socially safe topics to discuss
4 Learn how to walk and behave in upper class social activities
P35Ex.3
She got the phrases and sentences correct after repeating them twice:“ Do you think I don’t know anything?” “a cup of tea” “The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain”.
She still doesn’t know about double negatives (don’t, no), so her meaning is the o pposite of what she means. Her sentence “I can’t hear no difference” means “I can’t hear any difference”.
I can’t hear no difference……
Workbook练习答案（P70Ex.2）
1F2F3T4F5F
P70Ex.3
1. He realizes that she is using the correct language and talking about suitable subjects but in a language that is like a textbook, which shows she does not understand what she is saying.
2. Clara is confused with Eliza’s use of English because Eliza is using slang and also talking of subjects not discussed in polite society. Clara would not have heard them discussed before.
3. Henry wants to disguise the fact that Eliza’s language is unsuitable by pretending it is a new and fashionable way to talk.
4. Freddy makes it clear that he likes Eliza because he sits next to her and wants to walk her home.
5. Mrs Higgins is amused by Eliza but recognizes that she is not yet ready for polite society. Her language is so unsuitable that she would give herself away as not being an authentic English lady.
6. She gives herself away by the choice of topics and by the language she uses to talk about these topics.
P70Ex.4
1 her dress
2 her pronunciation
3 her manners
1 her grammar
2 her choice of conversation topics
3 her language
P71Ex.1
1 in terms of
2 in need of
3 in favor of
4 In spite of
P71Ex.2
overlooked compromise once more laundry sobbed shabby in need
of teapot cream cookie shillings amazement
P71Ex.3
1. Henry wanted Eliza to make the acquaintance of the American ambassador, so he could act as a referee and judge whether he had passed her off as a lady.
2. When the thief robbed the shop, he only took two items: an antique musical box and a wax disk with traditional folk songs on it.
3. Before Eliza got into the bathtub, Mrs Pearce made her take off her dirty vest and horrible stockings.
4. Eliza required help in terms of English grammar and pronunciation. She needed to start by saying the alphabet correctly.
5. As Eliza was practicing her curtsey, she caught her dress on a nail and tore it.
6. Believers in Buddhism usually will bow to the Buddha with their hands together when they see a statue of Buddha.
P72Ex.1
1born
2Tired
3created
4Assisted
5Changed
6informed
7connected
8Faded
9Swept
10.introduced
P72Ex.2
1. Amused by Eliza’s funny “small talk”, Freddy couldn’t help lau ghing.
2. Laughed at by Freddy, Eliza felt very angry.
3. Worn out in the language class, Eliza fell asleep early at night.
4. Fascinated by Eliza’s charm and beauty, Freddy fell in love with her.
5. Stared at by all the guests, Eliza felt rather uneasy.
6. Ignored by Henry Higgins all the time, Eliza decided to leave him.
7. Very surprised, Henry discovered the next morning that Eliza had gone. .P72Ex.3
Armed, experienced, Concerned, Frightened, Frozen, rooted, Determined, frightened, covered, scared
翻译：
1.这个团队只带着一盏灯、一些食物和一张地图，在洞穴里寻找那个
危险的动物。
2.他们的队长带路，他在洞穴探险中非常有经验。
3.考虑到队长的安全，其他队员朝着洞穴望下去。
4.他们吓坏了，转身正要离开洞穴，可是正在这时，他们听见身后一
声低沉的怪声。
5.他们害怕的僵住了，生根似的站在那里，盯着那动物。
6.他们决定不让那个可怕的动物发现队长，于是朝着怪物冲过去，大
声喊叫并向它挥动胳膊。
7.这下轮到那头猛兽害怕了，跑了回去。
8.几乎在同一时刻，他们的队长出现了，全身都是泥，像是另外一只
小一点的怪兽。
9.他们尖叫着，吓得要死。
P73Ex.2
1. Mr Pommuck is an old pupil of Henry and an interpreter for the ambassador.
2. An interpreter is a person who changes spoken words from one language into another.
3. He intends to find out who Eliza is and expose her if she is a cheat.
P73Ex.3
1F2T3F4F5F
P73Ex.4
1. They all think Eliza is a princess because she looks beautiful and her English is so good.
2. Henry did not encourage them to think of her as a princess. He wants to make fun of Mr Pommuck for claiming to be able to find social cheats but who did not discover Eliza was a cheat.
3. Eliza did not really enjoy the party as it caused her a lot of stress. In particular she didn’t like people staring at her.
P73Ex.5
1 The ambassador’s wife speaks good English but is not considered to be foreign.
2. She cannot be Hungarian as she does not recognize the language.
3. Beauty does not make a princes.
P75Ex.1
1. She collects his slippers because she wants to show him she cares about him.
2. She throws them at him because she realizes he doesn’t care for her.
3. He thinks his teaching is successful.
4. She gets upset because she thinks her efforts have been overlooked.
5. He gets upset because he really does love Eliza.
P75Ex.2
1. She works hard to win his bet for him.
2. She is disappointed that he does not acknowledge her hard work.
3. She realizes he will only ever think of her as a flower girl.
1. He is overjoyed with his triumph in the bet, but ignored Eliza’s feelings and shows little concern about her future.
2. He is surprised she is upset that he does not congratulate her for her success at the party.
3. He is upset that she is thinking of leaving him and marrying Freddy.
Unit5
课内练习答案（P39Ex.1）
1. The students want to find out about how early people lived. There are no such sites in England while the Zhoukoudian caves provide an excellent example of a site where early people lived.
2. Early people lived in caves.
3. They used fur from animals for clothes and had fires burning all winter.
4. The archaeologist thinks they may have used animals skins.
5. They ate animal meat, such as tigers and bears, and fish from the lake nearby. They also picked fruit when it was ripe.
P39Ex.2
Homes: caves, perhaps with skins to keep the cold
Tools: scrapers, axe-heads, bone needles
Clothes: animal skins sewn together with needles and thread, necklaces
P39Ex.3
T1: Life in the cave
T2: What we can learn from a needle
T3: What we can learn from a necklace
P40Ex.1
excavation, identify, aware, ample, regardless of, primitive, sharpened, alternative, assumed, due
.P40Ex.2
1regardless of 2 In spite of 3because of 4ahead of 5on behalf
of 6instead of
P40Ex.3
1starvation2analysis, acute 3messy, categories 4cutting up 5at
most 6centimeters
P41Ex.2
1. How long have you been learning to fly an airplane, Sam?
2. How long has he been swimming?
3. What have the nurses in the kindergarten been doing all day?
4. What have they been arguing about for years?
5. Why have sales of washing machines been increasing this year?
6. Jiao Yang, What kind of washing powder have you been using that makes your clothes so clean and soft?
7. Why has the poor girl been collecting seashells?
8. How long has Philip been riding a skateboard?
P42Ex.1
used envelopes
wastepaper
yogurt pots
orange skin
P42Ex.2
carbon, carbon, disappears, fixed, carbon, work out
P42Ex.3
BCA
P42Ex.1
Workbook练习答案（P78Ex.1）
The main idea is that there are two problems that archaeologists are trying to solve in order to preserve terracotta warriors. One is how to protect the colors and the other is how to protect the statues against moulds.
P78Ex.2
1. The first problem is how to protect the colors originally painted on the terracotta warriors. This problem is easier to solve because the scientists have discovered a new chemical protection which will keep the colors shining brightly.
2. Each terracotta warrior was a copy of a real soldier in Qin’s army. It must have needed a tremendous amount of organization to produce the number, the size of the statues and all this shows the Emperor’s power.
3. The change in temperature and the sunlight when the warriors were excavated made them lose their colors.
4. The forty kinds of mould are difficult to treat because they all need different kinds of treatment.
P78Ex.3
P79Ex.1
BC, division, skilful, looked ahead, spear, systematic, wrinkled, hammer dizzy
P79Ex.2
1scratches 2gay 3alternative 4arrested 5howl 6spat
选修六 Unit 1 1.adj. 现实主义的；逼真的；现实的 2.adj. 抽象的；深奥的n. 摘要 3.n. 雕塑 4.n. 雕刻家；雕塑家 5.n. 美术陈列室；画廊 6.n. 信任；信心；信念 7.adv. 忠实地 8.adv. 所以；因而 9.n. 目标；目的vi. & vt. 瞄准；（向某方向）努力 10.adj. 常规的；传统的；因循守旧的 11.adj. 典型的；有代表性的 12.adj. 明显的；明白的 13.n. 新生；复兴；复活 14.vt. 采用；采纳；收养 15.adj. 人道主义的 16.vt. 拥有；具有；支配 17.n. （尤作复数）所有；财产 18.adj. 卓越的；杰出的；极好的 19.n. 透视画法；透视图；观点 20.n. 技术；方法；技能 21.n. 巧合（的事）；（事情、口味、故事等）相合 22.巧合地 23.n. 杰作；名著 24.n. 印象主义；印象派 25.adj. 印象派的 n.印象派艺术家 26.adj. 后印象派的n. 后印象派艺术家 27.大量28.n. 阴影；影子 29.adj. 荒谬的；可笑的 30.adj. 争论的；争议的 31.n. 努力；尝试；企图vt. 尝试；企图 32.（可是）另一方面 33.vt. 预言；预告；预测 34.n. 风景；景色 35.adj. 确切的；特定的 36.n. 画像；身材；数字 37.n. 黏土 38.n. 评论家；批评者 39.n. 青铜；青铜色；青铜制艺术品 40.n. 大理石 41.vt. 雕刻；刻记 42.adj. 脆弱的；容易生病的；精致的 43.n. 帆布；画布 44.n. 咖啡馆；小餐馆 45.adj. 过敏性的；对……过敏的 46.adv. 有效地 47.n. 展览；陈列；展览会 48.adj.敢做敢为的;侵略的；好斗的 49.n. 学者 50.n. 肉；肌肉；肉体 51.活着的；本人 52.n. 几何学 53.n. 束；串 54.n. 林荫道；道路；大街 55.n. 喜爱；偏爱
必修1 第一单元ANNE’S BEST FRIEND Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II. Her family was Jewish so they had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis. She and her family hide away for two years before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. Thursday 15, June, 1944 Dear kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I came here. …For example, when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at
外研版高中英语必修8 全册教学设计教案
目录 Module 1 Deep South Period II Module 1 Deep South Period III Module 1 Deep South Period IV Module 1 Deep South Period V Module 1 Deep South Period VI Module 1 Deep South Period Ⅰ Module 1《Deep South》 Module 2 The Renaissance--cultural corner and task Module 2 The Renaissance--function and grammar Module 2 The Renaissance--reading and vocabulary 1 Module 2 The Renaissance--reading practice Module 2 The Renaissance--Vocabulary and writing Module 2 The Renaissance--word list and introduction Module 3 Foreign Food--function and grammar Module 3 Foreign Food--reading and vocabulary Module 3 Foreign Food--reading practice Module 3 Foreign Food--vocabulary and writing Module 3 Foreign Food--word list and introduction Module 4 Which English--Cultural corner Module 4 Which English--Grammar Module 4 Which English--Introduction Module 4 Which English--Listening Everyday English Speaking Module 4 Which English--Reading and Vocabulary Module 4 Which English--Reading Practice Module 4 Which English--Speaking-Reading and Vocabulary (2)-Writing-Task Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe-- Introduction Reading and speaking Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe-- Listening Everyday English Speaking Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe-- Reading and Vocabulary Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe--Grammar Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe--Reading and Vocabulary (2) Writing Task Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe--Reading Practice Module 6 《War and Peace-grammer》 Module 6《The Tang Poems-Introduction》 Module 6《The Tang Poems-Language Points》 Module 6《The Tang Poems-Reading and writing》
人教版高中英语选修十单词表 unit1 1. venture['vent??]n.（有风险的）商业、企业 2. web[web]n．（蜘蛛等的）网查看详细 3. Scottish['sk?ti?]adj.苏格兰的；苏格兰人的； 4. suffering['s?f?ri?]n．苦楚；受难 5. gall-bladder[ɡ?:l'bl?d?]n. 胆囊 6. strengthen['stre?θn]vt.加强；巩固 7. endurance[in'dju?r?ns]n.忍耐；持久；耐（性）
8. hut[h?t]n.小屋；棚屋 9. stove[st?uv]n.炉子 10. unbearable[,?n'bε?r?bl]n.无法忍受的；承受不住的 11. cosy['k?uzi]adj.舒适的；安逸的 12. block out[bl?k aut]封闭 13. breathless['breθlis]adj.喘不过气来的 14. rotten['r?tn]adj.腐烂的；变质的 15. blacken['bl?k?n]vt.使变黑 16. circumstance['s?:k?mst?ns]n.环境；详情；境况
17. blast[bl?st]n.一阵（风）；一股（气流） 18. hoarse[h?:s]adj.嘶哑的 19. bless[bles]vt.祝福；保佑 20. selfish['selfi?]adj.自私的 21. hook[h?k]n.钩；吊钩vt.钩住；入迷 22. aboard[??b?:d]adv.＆perp.在船（飞机） 23. seasickness['si:siknis]n. 晕船 24. anyhow['enihau]adv.无论如何 25. steward[stju?d]n.（轮船、飞机等）乘务员；膳
第一单元 路永在前方 阿什利塔·福曼是一位热衷挑战并总想争创吉尼斯纪录的运动员。在过去25年中，他大约(approximately)已经打破了93项吉尼斯世界纪录，至今，他仍然是其中20多项纪录的保持者，还包括拥有最多的吉尼斯纪录这一项。但是这些记录并不是像游泳或足球等一般运动项目那样创建的，而是阿什利塔试图在非常有趣的地点，在富有想像力的运动项目中打破的。 最近，阿什利塔完成了他的梦想:在所有七大洲破一项纪录，其中包括在澳洲玩呼啦圈，在南美洲的水下做弹簧单高跷游戏，在北美洲的热气球中做膝部深弯曲运动。 虽然这些活动看起来孩子气且令人发笑而不是让人肃然起敬，但实际上(in reality),完成这些活动需要强大的力量,健康的体格和坚定的决心。 想想吧,你一边走路,一边还要把一瓶牛奶顶在头上，你的脖子需要的多好的适应力。你可以停下来休息或吃东西，但瓶子必须呆在头上。 当阿什利塔站在75厘米高的瑞士球上时，看起来虽然很轻松容易，其实不然。呆在球上得一直全神贯注，还需要有极强的注意力和极好的平衡感。特别是在双腿开始抖动的时候，你还得使劲呆在球上。 然而沿着12英里的马路翻筋斗,情况又是怎样的呢？翻筋斗是一项艰苦的运动,因为你必须克服头晕、极度疲劳和痛苦。每翻滚一个小时,只允许休息5分钟,不过也可以短暂地停下来呕吐(vomit)。 做标准的体操(gymnastically)弓箭步动作向前，以最快的节奏走完1英里的路程是阿什利塔又一个出色的项目。弓箭步冲刺对你的双腿是一个极端艰苦的考验。开始时呈站立姿势，然后右脚向前迈一步，同时左膝触地，然后再站起来，左脚向前迈出一步，同时右膝触地。想想吧，这个动作要反复做1英里远！ 然而，这位有才能的运动员并不是天生的。小时候，他很不健康(unfit)，而且对运动毫无兴趣。但他却对《吉尼斯世界纪录大全》非常着迷(fascinated)。 阿什利塔究竟是怎样成为一位运动员的呢？这是一个有趣的故事。少年时,他就开始探究人生的深层的意义。他研究过东方宗教，16岁时，他发现了一位名叫斯里琴摩的印度静坐功(mediation)导师，住在纽约市他家附近。自从20世纪70年代初，阿什利塔就一直是斯里琴摩的学生。斯里琴摩指出，人们发展他们的体魂与发展他们的头脑、心灵和精神上的(spiritual)自我具有同等的重要性，并且他相信人的体能是没有局限的。 当阿什利塔1978年在纽约市中央公园进行的24小时自行车马拉松(marathon)比赛中获得第三名时，他就知道总有一天他将进入《吉尼斯世界纪录大全》。尽管从没有训练过，他还是受到他的精神领袖的敦促参加了马拉松比赛。因此,当他取得第三名的时候，他开始有了这样的认识：他的身躯只不过是他的精神的工具，而且他似乎能够利用他的精神力量去完成任何事。从那时起，阿什利塔就拒绝接受任何身体极限的说法。 由于有了这种新的信心, 阿什利塔于1979年第一次打破吉尼斯纪录——跳爆竹27000次。不断努力打破纪录的动机源来自他对斯里琴摩思想的虔诚。每次试图破纪录的时候，阿什里塔都会达到一个体力不可逾越的极限点。这个时候，他就会进入自己的内心深处，与他的灵魂(soul)和他的老师相沟通。 在创纪录的努力中，阿什利塔总是要感谢他的老师。事实上，他常穿着一件T恤衫，后背上有斯里琴摩的名言： “完美的道路只有一条,它就在你前方,永远在你前方。” 集中精力于……
选修8 Unit 1 大课文多样性的土地 加州 加州是美国第三大洲,但是人口最多。它也有不同的是最多元文化国家在美国,有吸引了来自世界各地的人们。的习俗和语言的移民活在新居。这个文化多样性并不令人惊讶当你知道他的历史加州。本土美国人 什么时候到的第一批人我们现在知道的加利福尼亚,没有人真的知道。然而,很可能在加利福尼亚居住美国印地安人是至少一万五千年前。科学家们认为这些定居者穿过白令海峡在北极到美国的一种方法中存在的陆地桥在史前时期。在16世纪,欧洲人到来之后,当地人中蒙受了重大损失。数千人的死亡或被迫成为奴隶。另外,许多人死于这种疾病所带来的欧洲人。然而,从一些这些可怕的时代,今天还有更多的美国人住在加州比任何其他国家。 西班牙 在18世纪,加州被西班牙。名西班牙士兵初到南美洲,在16世纪早期当他们攻打当地人,把他们的土地。两个世纪以后,西班牙人定居在大部分南美和沿西北海岸的我们现在所称的美国。第一个西班牙去加州,大多数都是虔诚的教徒。他们的部门是要教导天主教给当地人。1821年,墨西哥取得了他们的从西班牙独立。加州的一部分则成了墨西哥。1846年美国宣战墨西哥和战争结束后获美国、墨西哥不得不给加州
到美国。然而,仍有强烈的西班牙影响国家。这就是为什么今天超过40的加州人说西班牙语作为第一或第二语言。 俄罗斯人 在19世纪初,俄罗斯的猎人,这些原本,开始去阿拉斯加定居在加州。在那里的今天是大约2.5万美籍俄裔住在旧金山市区和郊区。 黄金生产商 1848年1月24日,美墨战争后不久,有人在加州发现了黄金。快速致富的梦想吸引了来自世界各地的人们。最近的,因此第一个到达,是来自美国人民和来自美国。然后从欧洲和亚洲的冒险者随之而来。事实上,一些达到了他们的梦想成为富足。一些死亡或回到家,但是大多数住在加利福尼亚使自己的生活不顾大的困难。他们就住在新城镇或在农场工作。在加州成为31日当选美国的联邦州在1850年,已经是一个多元文化的社会。 晚来者 尽管中国移民开始到在淘金热期间,他们的建筑……（文件丢失）从西方的铁路网络到东海岸带来了更大的编号到加州十九世纪六十年代。今天,美藉华人住在加州的所有部分,尽管大部分选择呆在“唐人街”的洛杉矶和旧金山。 意大利人等其他移民,主要渔民还酿酒师,到达了加州在十九世纪。在1911年移民建立了镇来自丹麦的自己,今天仍然继续他们的丹麦文化。到了二十世纪二十年代电影产业被确立在美国加利福尼亚州的好莱坞。因此本行业的繁荣——吸引了欧洲人包括许多犹太民族主
高中英语外研版选修八单词表 polar adj. 极地的(SH8 M1 P1) penguin n. 企鹅(SH8 M1 P1) explorer n. 探险者(SH8 M1 P1) Antarctica n. 南极洲(SH8 M1 P2) annual adj. 每年的(SH8 M1 P2) rainfall n. 降水量；降雨量(SH8 M1 P2) state n. 状态；状况(SH8 M1 P2) depth n. 深度(SH8 M1 P2) gravity n. 重力，地心引力(SH8 M1 P2) inhospitable adj. 荒凉的，不适宜居住的(SH8 M1 P2) extreme adj. 极端的，极度的(SH8 M1 P2) flower v. 开花(SH8 M1 P2) moss n. 藓；苔藓(SH8 M1 P2) algae n. 藻类（植物）(SH8 M1 P2) lichen n. 地衣(SH8 M1 P2) adapt to （使）适应(SH8 M1 P2) trap v. 储存，留存(SH8 M1 P2) meteorite n. 陨石(SH8 M1 P2) extraterrestrial adj. 天外的，地球外的(SH8 M1 P2) mass n. 块，堆，团(SH8 M1 P3) balance v. 使平衡(SH8 M1 P3) exploration n. （对某地区的）勘查(SH8 M1 P3) set foot on 进入，到达(SH8 M1 P3) rivalry n. （不断的）竞争(SH8 M1 P3) treaty n. （国家或政府间的）条约，公约(SH8 M1 P3) commercial adj. 商业的(SH8 M1 P3) nuclear adj. 核的，核能的(SH8 M1 P3) test n. 试验(SH8 M1 P3) radioactive adj. （具有）放射性的(SH8 M1 P3) promote v. 促进，增进(SH8 M1 P3) via prep. 经由，取道(SH8 M1 P7) trap v. 使陷入困境(SH8 M1 P7) lifeboat n. 救生船(SH8 M1 P7) crew n. （全体）船员(SH8 M1 P7) voyage n. （乘船的）旅行，航行(SH8 M1 P8) drift v. 漂流，漂泊(SH8 M1 P8) ceremonial adj. 正式的(SH8 M1 P11) glacier n. 冰川；冰河(SH8 M1 P11) magnetic adj. 磁的，磁性的，磁场的(SH8 M1 P11) glare n. 刺眼的光(SH8 M1 P11) intense adj. 强烈的(SH8 M1 P11) sunglasses n. 太阳镜；墨镜(SH8 M1 P11)
人教版《英语选修10》(普通高中课程标准实验教科书)单元词汇、音标、词义。Unit 1 venture/'vent??/n.(有风险的)商业、企业vi.vt.冒险；敢于去web/web/n.(蜘蛛)网 Scottish adj.苏格兰(人)的；苏格兰英语的 suffering/'s?f?ri?/n.苦楚；受难 gall-bladder n.胆囊 strengthen/'stre?θ?n/vt.加强；巩固 Perce Blackborow珀斯.布莱克鲍罗 Sir Ernest Shackleton欧内斯特.沙克尔顿爵士 endurance/in'dju?r?ns/n.忍耐；持久；耐(性) hut/h?t/n.小屋；棚屋 stove/st?uv/n.炉子 unbearable/?n'b??r?bl/adj.无法忍受的；承受不住的 cosy/'kouzi/adj.舒适的，安逸的 block out封闭 breathless/'breθlis/adj.喘不过气来的 rotten/'r?tn/adj.腐烂的；变质的 blacken/'bl?k?n/vt.使变黑 circumstance/'s?:k?mst?ns/n.环境；详情；境况 blast/blɑ:st/n.一阵(风)；一股(气流) hoarse/h?:s/adj.嘶哑的 bless/bles/vt.祝福；保佑 selfish/'selfi?/adj.自私的 Tom Orde-Lees汤姆.奥德.利兹 hook/huk/n.钩；吊钩vt.钩住；迷上 aboard/?'b?:d/adv.在船(飞机、车等)上；上船(飞机、车等) seasickness n.晕船 anyhow/'enihau/adv.无论如何 steward/stju?d/n.乘务员；膳务员 crush/kr??/vt.碾碎；粉碎；(使)变形 mourn/m?:n/vi.哀悼；忧伤 urgent/'?:d??nt/adj.急迫的；紧急的 bedding/'bedi?/n.被褥；草垫 Hussey赫西 banjo/'b?nd??u/n.班卓琴；五弦琴 vital/'vaitl/adj.生死攸关的；重要的
选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity-Reading CALIFORNIA California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California. NATIVE AMERCANS Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, t he native people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. In addition, many died from the diseases b rought by the Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state. THE SPANISH In the 18th century California was ruled by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain. California then became part of Mexico. In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA. However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state. That is why today over 40 of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. RUSSIANS In the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California. Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco. GOLD MINERS In 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California. The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world. The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States. Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed. In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich. Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. They settled in the new towns or on farms. By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.
高中英语外研版选修八单词表 Moudle 1 Polar penguin explorer Antarctica annual rainfall State depth gravity Inhospitable extreme flower Moss algae lichen adapt to trap meteorite extraterrestrial mass balance exploration set foot on rivalry treaty commercial nuclear test radioactive promote via trap lifeboat crew voyage drift ceremonial glacier magnetic glare intense sunglasses sun-cream severe eyesight sunburnt minus numb frost clothing portable pure millimeter abnormal sunrise sunset absence daylight tiresome depressing isolated aircraft platform powder minimum modest luxury cosy dormitory canteen stock laundry discourage in case of emergency conventional drill snap tricky fragile battery ecology delicate privilege trader spice jewel befriend tale legendary reliability obscure intimate inhabit spaghetti insight inspiration
高中英语学习材料 ***鼎尚图文理制作*** 第九周交通通讯与旅游 周一 1. A 解析:词义推测题。根据下句文字信息The nearest town, Garissa, is hundreds of kilometers away from these villages. 可知。 2. B 解析:推理判断题。A、C、D属于错误推断, 肯尼亚北部道路条件恶劣, 骆驼是较有效的运输图书的工具。 3. C 解析:与传统图书馆不同的地方在于驼背上的流动图书馆用骆驼把书带给人们。B、D 为错误陈述, A是与传统图书馆的相同之处。 周二 1. D 解析:推理判断题。根据全文内容, 尤其是文章最后一句The museum is a good way to learn about the interesting life of him. 2. C 解析:推理判断题。根据第二句He also loved words and writing. B根据这一段的第一句可知为错误判断。D的叙述没有错误, 但对于此段的写作目的而言角度太小。 3. C 解析:细节认定题。根据第四段中Porter was accused of financial wrongdoing at the bank and lost his job. Fearing a trial, he fled the country. 可知。 4. A 解析:排列顺序题。根据文章中时间顺序可知。 5. B 解析:推理判断题。A、D可以根据文章的最后一段排除。根据第一段欧·亨利出生时间和Beginning in 1893, he lived here. 以及第二段信息可知C为错误推理。 周三 1. D 解析:信件可以被欣赏, 被读, 被“重新读”。前三项都与本句内容不符。 2. C 解析:根据前一个分句中的内容可知几乎不费力气就可以用信件保持“友谊”。 3. A 解析:上文叙述的是信件的益处, 本段则用作者与哥哥重归于好的例子进行证明, 由此可知是“例证”。 4. C 解析:本段中间部分提到两人之间存在误解, 由此可知两个人在几年前相处得不好。get along相处融洽。 5. B 解析:根据本句后半部分中的内容可知两个人在小的时候关系非常密切, 只是随着年龄
Unit 1 Living well 知识目标 1．Get students to learn the useful words and expressions in this unit. eyesight，ambition，disabled，beneficial，in other words，clumsy，adapt，microscope，out of breath，absence，stupid，fellow，annoyed，all in all，industry，tank，make fun of，encouragement，adapt to 2．Help students to learn about disabilities and life of the disabled. 能力目标 1．Let students read the passage Marty's Story to develop their reading ability. 2．Enable students to know that people with disabilities can also live well. 情感目标 1．By talking about disabilities and life of the disabled，make sure students can learn some positive stories of the disabled. 2．Help them understand more about how challenging life can be for the disabled. 3．Develop students' sense of cooperative learning.
人教版高中英语选修8 课文及翻译 选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity-Reading CALIFORNIA California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California. NATIVE AMERCANS Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state. THE SPANISH In the 18th century California was ruled by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain. California then became part of Mexico. In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA. However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state. That is why today over 40 of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. RUSSIANS In the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California. Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco. GOLD MINERS In 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California. The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world. The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States. Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed. In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich. Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. They settled in the new towns or on farms. By the time California elected to become the
人教版选修10课文译文 一次成功的失败经历 如果起初不成功，就要一次又一次地尝试。——W·C·菲尔兹 1914 年 8 月，珀斯·布莱克鲍罗参加了欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士的“持久号”轮船南极探险。沙克尔顿是他那个时代最负盛名的探险家，加入他的探险活动被认为是一种巨大的荣耀。现在请看读帕斯所讲故事的第一部分。 1916 年 8 月 29 日慢慢地，我把头探出睡袋，向四周看了看。一切都是灰色的：小屋里面看上去是灰色的，晨曦看上去是灰色的，燃油炉上噗噗作响的罐子也是灰色的。同往常一样，气味中混合着汗液、海豹油脂和脏内衣的味道，几乎让人难以忍受。我尝试着想一些快乐的事情：温暖和干爽的衣服、舒适的卧室、阳光灿烂的日子、妈妈的脸庞，以及返家后得到的庆贺，因为我是试图横穿南极大陆的一次失败探险活动的成员之一，这种事以前还没有人做过。正想到这儿，一条黑毛毯掉下来把我盖住，几乎把美好时光的记忆封闭住了。 一想到由于冻伤变黑而必须截去的腐烂的脚趾头，我就感到喘不过气来。我们的境况让人绝望，谁也不清楚会不会活着回去。也许好些年后，我们的尸体会被其他探险队所辨认并搜集起来。 正当我快要变得自我怜惜起来时，我们营棚的门开了，一股冷空气穿过营棚。“把门关上!”我用一种自己都快辨认不出来的沙哑的嗓音嚷嚷道。“坚持下去，珀斯。不要变成另一个汤姆。”一个声音在应答。“我们又逮住了一只企鹅，今晚有企鹅汤喝了!”保佑弗兰克一吓尔德，他可是我们的头儿欧内斯特·沙克尔顿之外最好的人啦。我怎么能像汤姆·奥德·利兹那样自私自利和脾气暴躁呢!我挣扎着下床，新的一天开始了。 当初宣布探险活动时，我才 20 岁，老梦想着要去冒险。所以在 1914 年 7 月的一个早晨，我是怀着无比激动的心情读以下这则广告的： 为危险之旅招募人手：工资低廉、寒冷无比、数月不见天日、无法确保安全返回。如果成功，荣耀和报酬将会接踵而至。欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士。 同伟大的欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士去南极探险——我被深深地迷住了!我是探险的门外汉，但我年轻，身体健康而且精力充沛。我偷偷地上了“持久号”轮船，藏在一个小橱里。直到轮船已开始航行了，我才被人发现，而且晕船晕得很厉害。不管怎么说，沙克尔顿似乎对我傻乎乎的行为感兴趣，并且接受了这种局面。他让我当一名伙计，协助做 28 个人一天三顿的饭菜。 1915 年 1 月 18 日，正当我们接近南极时，“持久号”被海上的浮冰(有的坚固无比，有的破裂成若干巨大的冰块浮在水上)卡住了。周围的冰都冻结了，我们千真万确地被困住了!轮船在我们的眼前慢慢地被挤坏。我相信沙克尔顿肯定会对这次探险意想不到的结局而痛心，但他并没有把时间浪费在遗憾和悔恨中。他镇静地把大家召集在一起，然后紧急宣布我们必须在船沉下去之前，只抢出基本给养，尤其是小船、食物、炊具、蜡烛、卧具和衣服。为了显示自己的决心，沙克尔顿把一些金币和他的金表扔到冰上。然而，让我感到惊讶的是，他竟鼓励赫西带上班卓琴。他把班卓琴描述成让我们保持精神振奋的关键。 他的顽强精神赢得了我们对他的完全信赖。他对我们也总是坦诚相待(就像广告中那样)，他从不灰心丧气，从不放弃，甚至当轮船沉下去时也是如此。1916 年 4 月 9 日，我们搬到了大象岛上现在的宿营地。不久沙克尔顿给我们这里的生活列出了规矩：取消级别和社会地位上的差异，每个人都得忙起来；公平分配食物和卧具；关心每一个人。这种团队精神鼓舞了船员们的士气，并挽救了我们的生命。 我们在大象岛上一安顿好，沙克尔顿就马上向大家解释了他的营救计划：22 人留在这里，他挑选其他五个人去南乔治亚求援。由于谁也不知道我们身处何地，所以不能指望任何外部救援。我永远也不会忘记眼看着小船从哗哗作响的波浪中消失在波涛汹涌的大洋里的情景。留在大象岛上的人发誓要按他所主张的那样做：在他返回来救我们之前要保持乐观、恢复健康。