英语语法——主谓一致（就近、就远原则）
就近原则：
也称“ 近原”“就近一致原” (Proximity），即：与靠近的名、代（有不一定是主）在“人称、数”上一致。
在正式文体中：
1. 由下列接的并列主："there be ＋句型 ; or ; either；?norr; neither?nor；whether ? or；not ? but; not only?but also"等;。e.g.
①What he does or what he says does not concern me .他的行或言都与我无关。
②N either you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没。
③N ot you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父受。
④Not only you but(also) he is wrong . 不你了，他也了。
2. 在倒装句中：可与后面第一个主一致。 e.g.
①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people .在，能听鼓掌声和人的呼喊声。
②T here is (are) a pen and some books on the desk . 桌上有一支笔和几本。
II.非正式文体中：
有依“就近一致原”，但也可依“意一致原”或格地依“ 法一致原”。 e.g.
Neither she nor I were there (意一致)我和他当都不在那儿。（非正式）
Neither she nor I was there .（就近一致）（文同上句）（正式）
但是，如果依“就近一致原”而与其他两原相矛盾，常常是不太合符范的。e.g.
No one except his own supporters agree with him .他自己的支持者同意他的意。（依“就近”和“意”一致的原；但法上，“ No one ”才是主，要改成“agrees ”。“写作中”一
般要依“ 法一致”原。
英语就近原则短语
1.There be 句型There is a book and some pencils on the desk.
=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.
2.neither...nor...Neither you nor he is right. = Neither he nor you are right.
3.either...or...Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.
= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.
4.not only...but also... Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.
= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.
就远原则
谓语动词与前面主语一致
代表词汇：as well as ；（together/along ）with ；rather than ；except ；besides ；but ；including ； in addition to ；apart from
例子： He rather than I is right.
Nobody but two students is in the classroom.
主谓一致单项填空专练
主谓一致是历年中考热点之一,一般说来 ,句子的主语和谓语在人称与数上应保持一致,但在很多情况下存在一些特殊情况,这些特殊情况就是重要考点。本文以往年高考试题为例,对此考点作以归纳。
一、当主语后面与with, as well as, but, except, like, rather than, no less than,
besides, including等+名词或代词连用时,谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。
1.The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ________ visiting a
museum when the earthquake struck.
A. was
B. were
C. had been
D. would be
2.A library with five thousand books ________ to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered
B. has offered
C. are offered
D. have offered
3.E-mail, as well as telephones, ________ an important part in
daily communication.
A. is playing
B. have played
C. are playing
D. play
4.Nobody but Jane ________ the secret.
A. know
B. knows
C. have known
D. is known
5. All but one ________ here just now.
A. is
B. was
C. has been
D. were
二、当either ... or ...; neither ... nor...;not only... but also...等连接并列主语时,谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。
6.Either you or the headmaster ________ the prizes to these gifted students at
the meeting.
A. was handing out
B. are to hand out
C. are handing out
D. is to hand out
7.Not only I but also Jane and Mary ________ tired of having one
examination after another.
A. is
B. are
C. am
D. be
三、当“ the only one of +复数名词+ 定语从句” ,且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式;当“ one of +复数名词+定语从句” ,且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时 ,定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。
8. He is the only one of the students who ________ a winner of scholarship for
three years.
A. is
B. are
C. have been
D. has been
9.She is one of the few girls who ________ in the kindergarten. A.
is well paid B. are well paid C. is paying well D. are paying well
四、当 news, means, maths, plastics, physics等在形式上是复数概念,而在意义上是单数概念的名词作主语时 ,谓语动词用单数形式。
10.Every possible means ________ to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
A. is used
B. are used
C. has been used
D. have been used
五、当分数 (百分数 )+of+ 名词作主语时 ,谓语动词的数取决于of 后面名词的数。
11. ________ of the land in that district ________ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is
B. Two fifth; are
C. Two fifths; is
D. Two fifths; are
六、 the number of...(??的数目)短作主,用数形式;当a number
of...( 多??)短作主 ,用复数形式。
12.The number of people invited ________fifty, but a number of them ________ absent for different reasons.
A. were; was
B. was; was
C. was; were
D. were; were
七、当“疑+不定式” 构作主,常用数形式。
13. When and where to build the new factory ________ yet.
A. is not decided
B. are not decided
C. has not decided
D. have not decided
以上从七个方面了主一致的特殊情况,但在学中不止些,希望同学在以后的学中此多加留意,以不断丰富、充其内容,未来高考做好准。
参考答案 : 1 — 5 AAABD 6 — 10 DBDBC 11 — 13 CCA
英语语法讲解——主谓一致 英语中,主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词的单复数形式. 主谓一致必须遵循以下三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则.根据这三条原则,现从以下几个方面进行总结: 一, 并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 1.由and 连接的两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词一般根据语法一致的原则用复数. 如: A young man and a girl want to go there. 一个青年男子和一个姑娘想去那里. 但如果在意义上指同一个人,同一件事或同一个概念时,谓语动词要用单数形式.如: A needle and thread was found on the floor. 在地板上找到了针线(穿了线的针). 2. 当each ...and each..., every...and every..., no...and no..., many a...and many a...结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.如: ①No man and no animal is to be found on the moo n. 在月球上没发现人和动物. ②Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work.
许多医生和护士都忙于他们的工作. 3.一个单数名词同时被两个不同的形容词修饰,表示两个不同的概念时,谓语动词一般用复数.如: Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are s tudying. 古代史和现代史是我们目前学习的课程. 但如果表示的是同一概念时应用单数.如: The last and most difficult lesson is lesson14. 14课是最后一课也是最难的一课. 4. 由not only... but also ... , either...or ... , neither... nor... , ... or...连接的并列主语,谓语动词通常依就近一致原则决定.如: Either the players or the coach is responsible for the defeat. 不是运动员就是教练应该对这次比赛的失利负责. 5. 当主语由as well as, along with, together with, rathe r than, no less than（不少于，多达）, but, except, besides, in addition to, like, including等词连接时,其谓语动词的单复数形式通常由前面的词来决定. 如: ①An iron and steal works, with some satellite factorie s is to be built here.
主谓一致性 集合名词作主语的主谓一致问题 一、必须用复数的情形 police(警察)，people(人)，cattle(牛，牲口), clothes(衣服)等集合名词作主语时，谓语总是用复数。如： My clothes were soaked. 我的衣服都湿透了。 The police are looking into the complaint. 警察在了解这项投诉。 Too few people are interested in such music nowadays. 如今对这种音乐有兴趣的人太少了。 二、必须用单数的情形 clothing(衣服)，poetry(诗歌)，baggage / luggage(行李)，furniture(家具)，scenery(景色)，jewellery(珠宝)，equipment(设备)等不可数的集合名词用作主语时，其谓语用单数形式。如： Furniture is chiefly made of wood. 家具主要是由木材制造。 Poetry was blooming in China in the Tang dynasty. 中国的诗歌在唐代十分盛行。 3. 可用单数或复数的情形 family(家庭)，team(队员)，class(班上的全体学生)，crowd(人群)，government(政府)，crew(乘务员)，committee(委员会)，audience(听众)，public(公众)等集合名词用作主语时，其谓语既可用单数，也可用复数：当它们被视为整体时，谓语用单数；当它们强调个体时，谓语用复数。如： My family is very large. 我家人很多。(视为整体) His family are waiting for him. 他家里人在等他。(强调个体成员) 注：有时没有特定的上下文，用单数或复数谓语区别不大。如： The public are [is] requested not to leave litter in the park.要求公众在公园不要乱扔东西。 the rest (of)等作主语，谓语的数取决于什么 请看下面两道题： a. The rest of the boys __________ watching TV. b. The rest of the money __________ stolen. A. were，were B. was，were C. were，was D. was，was 此题应选C。all，most，some，half，percent，the rest等词语后接介词of再接名词用作主语时，若该名词为可数名词的复数形式，则其谓语要用复数形式; 若该名词为不可数名词或可数名词的单数形式，则其谓语要用单数形式： 1. a. Most of the apples are bad. 这些苹果当中大部分是坏的。 b. Most of the apple is bad. 这个苹果坏了一大部分。 c. Most of the time was spent on it. 这上面花了大部分时间。 2. a. Half of the buildings were destroyed in the fire. 有一半的楼房在大火中被毁。 b. Half of the building was destroyed in the fire. 这座大楼在大火中有一半被毁。 c. Half of the money was spent on foo d. 有一半的钱用来买食物。 3. a. 30 percent of the workers here are women. 这里的工人有30%是女性。 b. 30 percent of the work has been done. 有30% 的工作已完成。 c. 30 percent of the wall has been painte d. 墙壁有30%已被刷漆。 并列主语受every, each修饰时谓语用单数还是复数 请看两个句子： Every boy and girl __________ the film. Each boy and girl __________ the film. A. likes，likes B. like，like C. likes，like D. like，likes 此题应选A。该题容易误选B，认为主语部分含有boy 和girl 两部分，应该用复数。其实当两个并列主语受到each，every，no等词修饰时，其谓语通常要用单数： Each boy and (each) girl was in white. 每个男孩和女孩都穿着白衣服。 Every man and woman was interested in it. 每一个男人和女人都对此感兴趣。 Each book and each paper was in proper place. 每本书和每张报纸都摆放得井井有条。 Every man and (every) woman in the village knows this. 这个村子里的男男女女都知道这事。 Every boy and every girl is given an apple. 每个男孩和每个女孩都被发给一个苹果。 No teacher and (no) student was present. 没有一个老师和学生出席。 He listened carefully，but no sound and no voice was heard. 他仔细地听，但是没听到一点声音。 we each等作主语谓语用单数还是复数 we each等作主语时，谓语动词应用复数，因为当we each作主语时，真正的主语是we，其后的each是修
1、形式一致 主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式 主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式 2、语意一致 谓语动词用单数的清况 1）当名词词组中心词为表示金钱、时间、度量、距离、价格等复数名词时，把这些复数名词看作一个整体。谓语动词采用单数形式。 Twenty-five dollars is too much to pay for that shirt． Fifty minutes isn’t enough to finish this test． Ten miles seems like a long walk to me． 2 以“-s”结尾的书刊名、国名、组织名、游戏名、运动名，谓语动词用单数 以-ics结尾的名词指一门学科时，常用单数谓语动词形式。当这些名词表示实际内容时，谓语动词则用复数形式。 这类单词有：economics经济学electronics电子学 physics物理学politics政治学 mathematics数学statistics统计学 Roots was a novel about a slave family． His politics were a matter of great concern to his friend． Politics is his favorite subject． Statistics show that approximately 40 percent of all marriages in the US end in divorce． Statistics is a subject that is difficult to learn． 3) 有些表示某类别的总称的集合名词，如：machinery(机械)，clothing(衣服)，luggage(行李)，furniture(家具)，equipment(设备)，jewelry(珠宝)等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如：My luggage was sent by air． The equipment of our factory is all imported from Britain． 4) 不定式、现在分词和从句作主语，谓语动词通常用单数： Playing with fire is dangerous． 注意：若用and连接两个动名词、不定式短语或主语从句，表示两个不同的概念，则谓语动词用复数形式。若表示同一概念，则谓语动词用单数形式 Early to rise and early to bed is a good habit． When and where the building will be built hasn’t been decided． 主语从句要根据从句表达的意思而定 What she said is correct．What he gave me are five English books． 谓语动词用复数的情况 1）由and或both...and...连接两个单数名词作主语时，指的是复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式(不可数名词同样)。如： Fire and water do not agree． 注意如果and连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，则两个名词共用一个冠词，谓语动词必须用单数。
外研版英语【初中英语】主谓一致做题技巧含答案解析 一、主谓一致 1．This listening material, together with its CD-ROMs, ____________well. A．sells B．sell C．is sold D．are sold 【答案】A 【解析】 句意：这些听力材料，连同它的光盘卖得很好。根据句意，东西卖的好，表示现在的一种状态，故用一般现在时。并且当sell后接副词时，其主动形式表示被动含义。 together with 连接几个主语时，谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致，即 与 listening material 保持一致，所以sell用单数形式；故答案选A。 点睛：表示事物性质或特点的，用主动形式表示被动语态。此处表示这个听力材料卖得好，sell可用作及物动词和不及物动词，其主语一般是指人，但是在表示某物卖得不错时，要用主动语态表示被动。together with 连接几个主语时，谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致，即采用就远原则，本句是与listening material保持一致，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故答案选A。 2．Not only his friends but also he ________ always interested in science fiction. A．show B．shows C．are D．is 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 句意：不仅他的朋友，而且他总是对科幻小说感兴趣。考查主谓一致。not only…but also连接两个主语的时候，谓语动词的数由离其最近的主语来决定，即就近原则，所以此处要根据he来确定谓语动词的形式；因为后面是interested in，所以用be interes ted in“对…感兴趣”，所以谓语动词用is；故答案选D。 3．Either the students or the teacher him very well. A．knows B．to know C．know D．knew 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 句意：要么那些学生要么那位老师很了解他。
（英语）初中英语主谓一致题20套(带答案) 一、主谓一致 1．Eighty percent of the students in this school ________ three to five times a week. A．exercises B．exercise C．exercising 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意“在我们学校80%的学生一周锻炼三到五次”。根据three to five times a week“一周三到五次”可知，用一般现在时，排除C；“分数或者百分数+of+名词”作主语，谓语与of后的名词保持一致，即与students保持一致，students为复数，故选B。 2．Smog and haze is a kind of air pollution. It _______ people _____ about their health. A．make, worry B．make, be worried C．makes, worried D．makes, worry 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 句意：雾霾是一种空气污染。它使人们担心他们的健康。考查主谓一致和动词短语辨析。it是单数第三人称，动词需用三单形式，可排除AB两项。make让，使役动词，make sb. do sth.让某人做某事，是固定结构，可排除C项。根据句意结构，可知选D。 3．______ Lucy ______ you can go to the party. One of you has to stay at home to look after your grandma. A．Neither; nor B．Either; or C．Not only; but also D．Both; and 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：或者露西或者你能去聚会。你们中的一个人不得不待在家里照顾奶奶。考查并列连词短语。A. Neither; nor既不也不；B. Either; or或者，或者；C. Not only; but also不但，而且；D. Both; and两者都。根据One of you has to stay at home to look after your grandma.可知，两者中的一个能去，故选B。 【点睛】 either用法 形容词 a. 4．The number of the volunteers in our city 2 ,000. And sixty percent of them teachers and students. A．is; is B．is; are C．are; is D．are; are 【答案】B
主谓一致 一、以并列结构作主语的主谓一致 1．由and/ both… and连接的并列主语 1）Both Mr. Smith and his son (has, have) gone fishing. 2）Bread and eggs (is, are ) a good breakfast. The manager and secretary (is , are ) not here. 3) 当and 连接的名词词组有each, every 或many a等限定词时，随后的动词通常用单数。 e.g. Every girl and every boy in this room (is, are) studying hard. Many a boy (was, were) sad after seeing the film. 2.由or/ nor/ either… or/ neither…nor/ not only…but also连接的并列结构作主语，依据“就近原则” e.g. My sisters or my brother (is, are) likely to be at home. Either my father or my brothers (is, are ) coming. Not only he switches but also the old wire (has, have) been chagend. 3. 主语+ as much as/ rather than/ more than/ no less than/ as well as/ in addition to/ with/ along with/ together with/ except/ but 等引导的从属结构时，其后的动词取决于主语本身的形式e.g. Some of the workers as much as the manager (was, were) responsible for the loss. His brother rather than his parents (is, are) to blame. My wife, more than anyone else in the family (is, are ) eager to go there again. The father as well as his sons (is, are) going to the park tomorrow. No one except two girls(was, were) late for dinner. 二、数量概念名词作主语的主谓一致 1.表示确定数量的名词词组作主语 1）如被看做是一个整体，谓语动词用单数 如被看做是组成该数量的个体，谓语动词用复数 e.g. Six months (is, a re) too short a time. There (is ,are ) six coins in my pocket. 2) “分数/ 百分数+ of”的结构，谓语动词依of 后面的名词而定 e.g. Over sixty percent of the city (was, were) destroyed in the war. Thirty-five percent of the doctors (was, were ) women. 3)one in/ one out of +复数名词，谓语动词用单数 e.g. One in ten students (has, have) failed the exam. 4) 两数想减或相除，谓语动词用单数 两数相加或相乘，谓语动词单复数均可 e.g. Forty minus fifteen (leaves, leave) twenty-five.
初中英语主谓一致练习题及答案 ( ) 1. -Have you got some water to drink? -Here you are. There still some in the bottle. A. are B. were C. is D. was ( ) 2 . there many American friends in the school last Friday? A. Is B. Was C. Are D. Were ( ) 3. There a great many accidents last year. A. were B. are C. is D. was ( ) 4 .-How many children in the picture? -Three. A. has there B. is there C. have there D. are there Part 2 ( ) 1. In 1850, about a third of U. S. A covered by forests. A. were B. has been C. / D. was ( ) 2. Most of our earth covered by water. A. are B. is C. was D. were ( ) 3. Sunday the first day of the week. A. is B. are C. am D. be ( ) 4.Neither right. A. answers are B. answers aren't C. answer is D. answer isn't
高中英语主谓一致知识点讲解 本文主要讲解主谓一致，并列结构作主语时谓语用复数主谓一致中的靠近原则谓语动词与前面的主语一致 等常见考点。 主谓一致是指： 1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语， 一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。例如： There is much water in the thermos. 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 15.1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数，例如： Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。 注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如： The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。 典型例题 The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案B. 注：先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C。本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。 15.2 主谓一致中的靠近原则 1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如：There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。 There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十个男孩，二十三个女孩。 2）当either… or… 与neither… nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如： Either you or she is to go. 不是你去，就是她去。 Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和纸。 15.3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词组
主谓一致的讲解 主谓一致是指： 1）语法形式上要一致，即名词单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 1.由and 连接主语时 And 连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数 1)并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数 Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students. Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold. 小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子 Both rice and wheat are grown in this area. 2)并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting. 那位教授兼作家正在会上发言 A journalist and authour lives on the sixth floor. 一位新闻记者兼作家 His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe. 他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行 The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet. 总理兼外长 比较：the writer and the educator have visited our school. the writer and educator has visited our school. His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe. 注意：指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只用一个冠词，指不同的需要分别加冠词，但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可 A boy and girl are playing tennis. 3)并列主语前有each, every, many a , no 等修饰时谓语动词用单数 Each doctor and (each) nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients. Every man, woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity. 有权参加 Every boy and (every) girl admires him for his fine sense of humour. Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistake No boy and no girl is there now.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里 注意：many a 跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多 Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie. 4)并列主语为不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数 A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up. 关于保护环境的法律法规已经起草完成。 The knife and fork has been washed 刀叉已经被洗好 War and peace is a constant theme in history 战争与和平是历史永恒的主题 注意;常被视为主体的结构 A cup and saucer 一副杯碟 A horse and cart 马车 A knife and fork 一副刀叉
主谓一致详解 【基础知识】 主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。对大多数人来说，往往会在掌握主语和随后的谓语动词之间的一致问题上遇到困难。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则支配： 语法一致原则(grammatical concord) 意义一致原则(notional concord) 就近原则(principle of proximity) （一）语法一致原则 用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致，就是语法一致。也就是说，如果名词中心词是单数，动词用单数形式；如果名词中心词是复数，动词用复数形式。例如：This table is a genuine antique. Both parties have their own advantages. Her job has something to do with computers. She wants to go home. They are divorcing each other. Mary was watching herself in the mirror. The bird built a nest. Susan comes home every week-end. （二）意义一致原则 有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义，而不是语法上的单、复数形式，这样的一致关系就是意义一致。例如： Democratic government gradually take the place of an all-powerful monarchy. A barracks was attacked by the guerilla. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease. The United States is a developed country. It is the remains of a ruined palace. The archives was lost. This pair of trousers costs fifty dollars.
主谓一致的讲解 一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 1.由and 连接主语时 And 连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数 1)并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数 Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students. Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold. 小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子 Both rice and wheat are grown in this area. 2)并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting. 那位教授兼作家正在会上发言 A journalist and authour lives on the sixth floor. 一位新闻记者兼作家 His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe. 他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行 The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet. 总理兼外长 比较：the writer and the educator have visited our school. the writer and educator has visited our school. His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe. 注意：指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只用一个冠词，指不同的需要分别加冠词，但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可 A boy and girl are playing tennis. 3)并列主语前有each, every, many a , no 等修饰时谓语动词用单数 Each doctor and (each) nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients. Every man, woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity. 有权参加 Every boy and (every) girl admires him for his fine sense of humour. Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistake No boy and no girl is there now.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里 注意：many a 跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多 Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie. 4)并列主语为不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数 A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up. 法规制定 The knife and fork has been washed 刀叉已经被洗好 War and peace is a constant theme in history 战争与和平是历史永恒的主题 注意;常被视为主体的结构 A cup and saucer 一副杯碟 A horse and cart 马车 A knife and fork 一副刀叉 A law and rule 法规 A needle and thread 一套针线 Fish and chips 炸鱼加炸薯条 The stars and stripes 星条旗
主谓一致 主谓一致是指： 1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语， 一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。 There is much water in the thermos. 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 15.1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 Reading and writing are very important. 注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。 The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 典型例题 The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案B. 注：先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C.。本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。 15.2 主谓一致中的靠近原则 1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。 There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 2）当either…or…与neither…nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。 Either you or she is to go. Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 15.3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。 The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating. 15.4 谓语需用单数 1）代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。 Each of us has a tape-recorder. There is something wrong with my watch. 2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。 The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.<<天方夜谭>>是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。
主谓一致详细讲解 1.由and所连接的两个名词指同一人物、同一事物、同一概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 例如： Both bread and butter were sold out in that grocery. Zhang Hua and Li Ming are good students. 注意:当两个主语为不可分的东西时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： A watch and chain was found on the desk. Bread and butter is nutritious. When and where this took place is still unknown. 注意：一身兼二职的情况：The writer and runner is attending the conference. 2. 由every…and every…, each…and each…, many a…and many a …, no ...and no…等构 成复合主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如: Each man and each woman is invited.每个男人和女人都邀请了。 No boy and no girl is there now. 现在那里没有一个男孩和女孩。 Many a boy and many a girl has been invited.很多男孩和女孩都被邀请了。 In China every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. 在中国每个男孩和女孩都有接受教育的权利。 3. 由or, not only... but also..., not…but…, either...or, neither...nor，whether……or……连接 主语时,谓语与靠近的主语一致，即就近一致的原则。例如： He or his brothers were to blame .Either you or I am mad. Are either you or I mad? Neither you nor he is right. Not only the teacher but also his family were friendly to me. 4. 当主语后跟有with, along with, together with, besides, except, like, including, in addition to, as well as, rather than等词时,谓语动词根据前面的主语变化。例如： All but one were here just now. A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation. She as well as the other teachers is going t o Nanjing. 5. 某些词结尾字母为s, 但并不是复数形式,如: physics, maths , economics (经济学), politics, news…作主语时用单数形式。means, works(著作)单复同形。例如： Physics is very important. Every means has been tried. Every possible means has been used to prevent air pollution, but the sky is still not clear . 6. 当一些由两部分构成的表示衣物或工具的名称作主语时, 谓语用复数形式, 如: trousers , shorts, shoes, glasses, goods, clothes, chopsticks, scissors. 如果这些词由a pair, piece, kind , type ,box + of 修饰,则用单数形式.例如： My trousers are white and his clothes are black. A pair of shoes is lying here. These kinds of glasses are popular. 7.单复数同形的名词，如sheep, deer 等做主语时，应根据主语的单复数意义确定谓语动词 的形式。例如： A deer is over there. Some deer are over there . 8.population做主语时，通常看作单数，若population前有分数、百分数修饰时，则句子谓 语通常用复数。例如： The population in China is very large and 80% of the population live in rural areas . 9. 复数名词, 如: people, police, public ,crew ,cattle作主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式。例如：The police like to help people. People are talking abou t the news .. The cattle are grazing in the fields . 10. 集体名词, 如: family ,crowd ,class ,team ,audience ,committee ,club, group ,enemy ,