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上海高三高考英语题型专题复习之翻译讲义教案(含练习答案)

上海高三高考英语题型专题复习之翻译讲义教案(含练习答案)
上海高三高考英语题型专题复习之翻译讲义教案(含练习答案)

学员编号:年级:课时数:

学员姓名:辅导科目:英语学科教师:

授课类型翻译

授课日期及时段

教学内容

考情分析

高考英语中设立翻译题,是对考生词汇、语法、句型结构等基础知识和实际运用能力的综合考查。高考中的汉译英多为简单句或简单的复合句,所考核的词汇也是常用词,但学生必须在比较两种语言的基础上,结合所学的语言知识翻译出不仅意思准确,而且符合英语表达习惯的好句子。2014高考英语翻译题分值由20分增加到22分,其重要性可见一斑。

试题探究

1、思维导图形式先呈现整体框架

核心词汇

句子主干

句型运用

2、重难点

词汇短语:高中教材中的常用词汇和短语

句型结构:⑴多状语从句和名词性从句

⑵少定语从句

⑶特殊句式考查强调句或倒装句

3、历年考点

年份重要考点

2009 形容词比较级;动名词;时间状语从句

2010 形容词比较级;非谓语动词;宾语从句

2011 原因状语从句;时间状语从句;条状状语从句;定语从句;倒装句

2012 一般过去时;It作形式主语;定语从句

2013 非谓语动词;形容词比较级;定语从句;时间状语从句;倒装句

4、考点解读

a.非谓语动词

⑴看到奶奶有些睡意,他拉上窗帘并把电视的音量调低了。(turn)

Seeing Grandma a little sleepy, he drew the curtains and turned the TV down. (09)

⑵舅舅昨天寄给我一张卡片,祝贺我18岁生日。(congratulate)

My uncle sent me a card yesterday to congratulate / congratulating me on my 18th

birthday. (13)

b.定语从句

⑴在展览会上,公司销售经理展示了孩子们翘首以盼的新型电子玩具。(demonstrate)

At the exhibition, the company’s sales manager demonstrated the new (type of) electronic toys (which/ that) children were looking forward to. (12)

⑵演出以一段五十多岁的人耳熟能详的经典音乐开始。(familiar)

The performance began with a piece of classical music which was familiar to people in their fifties.

(13)

c.状语从句

⑴自从出国留学后,她就不再和我们保持联系了。(No longer)

No longer has she kept in touch with us since she went abroad for further study / education. (11)

⑵她一看完那个关于已灭绝物种的电视节目,就立志加入野生动物保护组织。

(No sooner)

No sooner had she watched the TV program on the extinct species than she made up her mind to join the wildlife protection organization. (13)

d.形容词比较级

⑴我认为你们的建议和他们的一样有价值。(as…as)

I think your advice is as valuable as theirs. (09)

⑵经过多年的建设,这个小镇现在和地震前一样充满了活力。(as...as)

After years of / years’ construction, the little town is now as lively as it was before the earthquake / it used to be before the earthquake. (13)

真题解读

2013年上海高考英语翻译

【例1】今年元旦我们玩得很开心。(enjoy)

【答案】We enjoyed ourselves on this New Year’s Day this year.

2

【解析】考点:短语“enjoy oneself”表示“玩得开心”

易错点:“元旦”翻译为“New Year’s Day”;在具体的某一天前的介词是on

夺分思路:从“今年元旦”确定时态为过去时。

【例2】舅舅昨天寄给我一张卡片,祝贺我18岁生日。(congratulate)

【答案】My uncle sent me a card yesterday to congratulate / congratulating me on my 18th birthday.

【解析】考点:短语“congratulate sb. on sth.”向某人祝贺…

语法考查congratulate既可以用不定式也可以用分词作状语。

夺分思路:先译前面的主句,再用congratulate分词的形式表目的。

【例3】经过多年的建设,这个小镇现在和地震前一样充满了活力。(as...as)

【答案】After years of / years’ construction, the little town is now as lively as it was before the earthquake / it used to be before the earthquake.

【解析】考点:词汇“充满活力”译为lively;“地震前”译为“before the earthquake”

语法考查形容词比较级的用法,即:“as + 形容词原级+ as” 表示“像…一样”。

夺分思路:要注意是现在和过去的对比,所以时态要格外小心。

【例4】演出以一段五十多岁的人耳熟能详的经典音乐开始。(familiar)

【答案】The performance began with a piece of classical music which was familiar to people in their fifties.【解析】考点:which引导定语从句及be familiar to 的用法

易错点:“be familiar to”和“in one’s fifties”中的介词搭配

难点:四字成语“耳熟能详”,用自己所学的基础短语进行转换。

夺分思路:先译主句“演出以一段音乐开始”,再用定语从句译出“耳熟能详”来修饰这段音乐。【例5】她一看完那个关于已灭绝物种的电视节目,就立志加入野生动物保护组织。

(No sooner)

【答案】No sooner had she watched the TV program on the extinct species than she made up her mind to join the wildlife protection organization.

【解析】考点:时间状语从句“No sooner… than…”表示“一…就…”

难点:No sooner 放句首要部分倒装

易错点:主从句的时态分别是过去完成时和一般过去时

夺分思路: 先根据“no sooner… than…”的句型结构确定主从句的顺序,并且要确定主从句的时态。

学法点睛

高分三原则:

1、信:清晰准确(从整体上把握句子结构,抓住主谓宾)

e.g. 是否在黄浦江上再建一座大桥,委员们意见不一。(agree) (06年春考)

The committee can't agree on whether to build another bridge over Huangpu River

【解析】要先从整体上分析句子结构,找到主语是“委员们”,因此“是否在黄浦江上再建一座大桥”是宾语从句,很多同学会错当成主语从句。

2、达:通畅明白(避免生涩翻译,用简单的词和短语)

e.g. 我发现很难和那些固执己见的人合作。(…it…) (04年高考)

I find it difficult to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.

【解析】“固执己见”stubborn这个词不易想到,而且容易拼错,可以用“always stick to one’s opinion”替代。

3、雅:简明优雅(避免从句繁复,多使用形容词、介词短语或分词结构)

e.g. 这款手机的式样新颖,携带方便,深受年轻人的欢迎。(popular) (05年高考)

The mobile phone is fashionable in style and convenient to carry, so it is very popular with the young people. 【解析】“款式新颖,携带方便”不用翻译成“whose style is fashionable and it is convenient to carry”,这样会显得从句繁复;可以直接替代为“fashionable in style and convenient to carry”简洁明了。

夺分四部曲:

1、依托核心词,搭建主干。

2、确定时态、语态和句型。

3、补充修饰成分,完成整句。

4、对照中文,检查细节。

过关检测

巩固测试:

1、她五年前开始拉小提琴。(play) (12年高考)

2、由于天气恶劣,航班延误了好几个小时。(owing) (12年高考)

3、你为什么不在网上订票? (Why) (11年高考)

4、我常把王海误认为他的双胞胎弟弟,因为他们长得太像了。(mistake) (11年高考)

5、对父母而言,没有什么能与孩子的身心健康相比。(compare) (11年高考)

6、这本杂志花了我20多元。(cost)(10年高考)

7、雨天我总是比平时起得晚。(than)(10年高考)

8、网球运动在上海越来越流行了。(popular)(09年高考)

9、我认为你们的建议和他们的一样有价值。(as…as)(09年高考)

10、只喝一杯咖啡就会使我整晚睡不着。(keep)(09年高考)

提升测试:

1、每位设计师都希望自己的作品能经受时间的考验。(stand) (12年高考)

4

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label labelled unlabelled labelling labels labeled labeling unlabeled labour labor laboured labouring labours labored laboring labors labourer labourers laborer laborers lack lacked lacking lacks ladder ladders lag lagging lagged lags land landed landing landings lands landless large largely larger largest last lasted lasting

lastly late lately lateness later latest latter latterly laugh laughs laughing laughed laughable launch launched launching launches launcher launchers law laws lawyer lawyers lawful lawfully unlawful lawless lawlessness unlawfully lawmaker lawmakers lay laid laying lays lain lazy lazier laziest laziness lazily lead leader

leadership leading leads mislead misleading misleadingly misled led lean leans leaning leanings leaned leant learn learned learner learners learning learns learnt leave leaves leaving leaver leavers lecture lectured lecturer lecturers lectures lecturing left lefts leftist leftists lefthand lefthanded lefthander lefthanders legal illegal illegality

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. 汉译英 1.好朋友就是能和你分享快乐和忧伤的人 . 2.这是他第一次用电子邮件与笔友交流 . 3. 网络使人们即使身处世界的不同角落也完全可能面对面地交流. 4.现在 , 每年有超过 100 万的旅客来广州观光旅游. 5. 世界淡水资源十分有限,因此我们必须充分利用. 6. 不管你相不相信 , 我们已经逐渐地可以用英语流利地表达自己了.

. 7.实际上学好英语有很多简单的方法 , 例如看英文电视或和外国朋友在线聊 天. 7. 即使这工作要花掉我六个星期的时间,我仍决心要完成这份工作. 8.全体同学都要准时参加明天举行的会议 . 9.花了一周时间才把衣物和药品送达灾区 . 10.请耐心点。火车十分钟后到 . 11.消防员没有多考虑个人的安危 , 像平常一样将困在大火中的人员援救出来 . 12. 一些人破门设法从失火的房子里逃了出来.

13. 上一次考试考砸了之后,那个男孩向父母许诺今后会努力学习. 14.约翰要给捡到他钱包的出租司机一百元作为酬劳 . 15. 除非我们净化我们的环境,否则人类可能将无法生存. 16.这是目前为止我所看过的最好的电影中的一部 . 17.我家门前的漂亮新车是我邻居的,不是我的 . 18.当午餐的铃声敲响的时候 , 学生们一个接一个走出教室 . 19.经理不在时 , 他负责这个商店 .

20.他最终向警察承认他也加入了犯罪活动 . 21. 他训练了很长的一段时间,所以获得比赛的胜利是他应得的. 22.这个母亲正看护着她熟睡的孩子 . 23.由于人类的过度猎捕,许多动物都已经灭绝了 . 24.开车的时候,你应该注意路标 . 25. 政府提出了一项新的政策,旨在保护城市里一些重要的历史遗迹. 26. 根据气象报告,今天将会是一个晴朗的日子.

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not …until…/ Not until…/ It was not until…that 1.直到会议快要结束时他才露面。(show up) 2.直到二十世纪初人们才学会怎样防止这种疾病的蔓延。(prevent) 3.直到那时他才意识到他的老师是非常善解人意的。(considerate) 4.可惜他们直到事故发生之后才采取措施防止它。 5.直到上周末收到你的来信时我们才如释负重。(relieve) The more…the more.. 1.你的词汇量越大,你就感到用英语写作越容易。(feel it + adj. to do ) 2.人们普遍认为,用脑越多,思维就越活跃。( it is generally believed that ) 3.问题发现得越早,解决起来越容易。 4.问题越难,我越有可能能够解决他们。(likely) 5.我们学习得越多,将来就越能为我们国家工作的越好。 6.你练习讲英语越多,就越对你有好处。(do sb good) 7.我们经常讨论的一个问题是:是否钱越多越幸福。 8.相对而言,孩子与父母交流越多,越不可能感到忧郁。(suffer from) No matter how / however + adj. / adv. + S + V 1. 不管这个新体系有多复杂,我们还是要用它。(complicated) 2.无论社会发展得多快,这个传统应该代代相传。(pass on) 3.无论他如何努力,他似乎永远学不好物理。 4.不管我们有多忙,下星期我们一定会举行一次欢送会向那些退休工人们表示敬意。(in honor of) 5.不管天有多晚,他从不把今天必须做的事拖到明天。(put off) 6. 如果我们以一种强烈的意志工作,我们能够克服任何的困难,无论这个困难有多大。Adj. / adv. / n. / v. + as / though + S + V 1.虽然他很聪明,但他不愿把全部时间用在学习上。(devote…to) 2.他很累,但他还是工作到深夜。(work late into…) 3.虽然他是个孩子,但对于这个世界他了解很多。 4.虽然我敬佩他作为一个作家,但我不喜欢他作为一个人。(admire) Hardly / scarcely / barely…when no sooner …than 1.我刚到家,电话铃就响了。 2.他一到实验室,就开始做实验。(set out) 3.这男孩刚打开电脑,他父亲就回家了,叫他做功课。 4.他一到家就迫不及待地把好消息告诉他父母。(can't wait…) 1.Not until the meeting was almost over did he show up. th century did people learn how to prevent the disease from Not until the beginning of the 202. spreading. 3.Not until then did he realize that his teacher was very considerate / thoughtful / 1 understanding.

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sacrifice sacrificing sacrifices sacrificed sacrificial sad sadness sadly saddest sadder sadden saddened saddening saddens safe safely safeness safer safest safety unsafe safeguard safeguards safeguarded safeguarding sail sailed sailing sailings sails sailor sailors sake sakes sale sales saleable unsaleable same sameness sample sampling samples sampled satisfy satisfying satisfies satisfied satisfactory satisfaction satisfactorily unsatisfied unsatisfying unsatisfactory unsatisfactorily save saved unsaved saves saving savings saver savers say said unsaid saying sayings says scale scaled scales scaling scalings scalable scarce scarceness scarcely scarcity scarcities scarcer scarcest scatter scatters scattering scattered scene scenery

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