状语从句张传宁
课前篇
考纲要求
1. 状语从句的引导词与介词的用法比较；状语从句与定语从句引导词的辨析。
2. 能够辨别同类状语从句中近似连接词的用法差异。
3. whatever, whenever, wherever等引导词与no matter wh-等引导词的不同用法。
牛刀小试
1. 【2012山东卷】3
2. A number of high buildings have arisen _______ there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
A. when
B. where
C. before
D. until
2. 【2012山东卷】27. He smiled politely ______ Mary apologized for her drunken friends.
A. as
B. if
C. unless
D. though
3. 【2012福建卷】30. It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties_________ gets more financial support from the European Union.
A. if
B. unless
C. because
D. since
4. 【2012江西卷】31．You can borrow my car _________you promise not to drive too fast.
A．unless B．even if C．in case D．as long as
5. 【2012辽宁卷】30. Leave your key with your neighbor____________you lock yourself out one day.
A. as long as
B. even though
C. in case
D. as if
知长问短
课上篇
高考趋势
状语从句是每年高考单项填空部分必考的题目之一，未来的高考也不例外。考查的重点仍然是考生容易混淆的近似连词的用法，试题的结构将越来越复杂，设问的角度将越来越多样化。
语法脉络
品味语法
一、时间状语从句
(一) when, while和as
1,when
When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.
在下列句子中，when 的含义是：_____________。
We were having a meeting when someone broke in.
We were about to set off on our way when it suddenly began to rain
She was on the point of going to shop when the telephone rang..
Hardly had I arrived when the train left.
He had just finished his home work when someone asked him to play basketball.
总结：
①____________________________________
②____________________________________
③____________________________________
④____________________________________
⑤____________________________________
2,while ,观察例句并总结用法：
We were listening /listened to the radio while he was reading newspaper.
I like tea while he like coffee.
Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.
总结：while引导的从句谓语动词必须是_______________________, 常用___________时。
作为并列连词，表示_________________，翻译成_____________；语气比but ________。
把while的含义写在后面括号内：
While we didn’t agree, we continue to be good friends.( )
While they are my neighbors, I don’t kn ow them well.( )
Strike the iron while it is hot. ( )
总结：while 除了引导时间状语从句外，还可以引导___________。
3. as引导时间状语从句：
As time goes on, it’s getting warmer and warmer.
He hurried home, looking behind as he went.
从属连词as 可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时发生，可译为_____________________。
温馨提示：当主句表示的是短暂的动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when ,while ,as 可互换使用。
When /While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
（二）as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner…than…, hardly( scarcely)…when…
这些从属连词引导的从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译为_____________________.
The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming.
No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.
The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.
注意：在no sooner…than …;hardly/scarcely…when 结构中，主句用_____________，从句使用__________________时态。此外，当把no sooner 或hardly等提到句首时，应用_______________语序。
I had hardly got home when it began to rain.
=Hardly ________________________________________________.
I had no sooner come home than it began to rain.
=No sooner _____________________________________________.
题组训练英译汉：
They phoned immediately they reached home.
______________________________________________________
The year my brother joined the army I graduated from the high school.
_____________________________________________________
Every time I see her, she is always busy.
________________________________________________________
I want to see her the moment she arrives.
_______________________________________________________
（三）till，until 和not … until
He remained there until she arrived.
You may stay here until the rain stops.
He won’t go to bed until she returns.
Until you told me I have no idea of it.
It was not unti l you told me that I had any idea of it.
Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.
观察以上各句，找出用法。肯定句：主句谓语动词必须是_________________,意为某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止。否定句：主句谓语动词必须是_________________,意为某动作直到某时间才开始。_____________可以用于句首，而__________不可以。在强调句型中not until 两词在一起不分开；句首时，_________要倒装。
题组训练句型转换
I didn’t leave until she cam e back..
______________she came back _____________leave.
_____________not until she came back________ I ________.
（四）before 和since
1.before, 在…之前：翻译下面的句子：
Look before you leap. _________________________________
All things are difficult before they are easy. ____________________
把下列各句中的before的含义写在后面：
We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.（）
We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired. （）
Please write it down before you forget it. （）
Before I could get in a word, he had measured me （）
before 构成的固定句型，看例句总结：
It will be a year before you leave school.
It was a long time before I got to sleep again.
It will be +_________ before (谓语动词用____________________)
It was +____________before(谓语动词用____________________)
2.since：
I have written home four times since I came here.
She has been working in this factory since he left school.
I have seen her twice since he lived here.
总结：since从句的谓语动词一般是___________动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性或者反复发生的动作。主句时态为_______________,从句时态为_________________。从句动词若是延续性动词，则表示_______________________。
概括since构成的句型，：
It is three years since the war broke out
It is three years since I smoked a cigar.
把以上句子翻译成汉语。
______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
在“It is + 一段时间+ since 从句”句型中，时间的计算一律从从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。
二、地点状语和原因状语从句
1地点状语从句
引导词为_____________和_____________.
请填写：
You are free to go ___________ you like.
Go back ________ you come from.
Make a mark ___________ you have any questions.
翻译下列句子：
Where there is a will, there is a way. ________________________ Wherever there is smoke, there is a fire. _______________________
2.原因状语从句
引导词：because, as, since, now that, 每个连词的含义不尽相同，观察例句总结用法：
------Why were you absent from the meeting?
------Because I was ill.
As it is raining, we shall not go to the park.
Now that/ Since everybody is here, let’s begin our class.
Since you are busy, you don’t have to go.
总结：because表示__________________, 用来回答______提出的问题；as 和since表示_________________, as 可以翻译成_________,since 翻译成___________;as 的位置可以在主句前或者后，而since ,now that 只能在主句_________.
此外，for,并列连词，也可表示原因，起补充说明的作用。
It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.
三、目的状语从句和结果状语从句
目的状语从句的引导词有从属连词：
_______________________________________________________________ I will speak slowly ____________ you can understand me.
___________ we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.
for fear that, in case引导目的状语从句，谓语动词可以使用should +动词原形。
引导结果状语从句的引导词有：
___________________________________________________________,
观察例句：
Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.
Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.
It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.
He earned s o little money that he couldn’t support his family.
当so或such置于句首时，主要倒装语序。
So clever a student ______________that he was able to work out the difficult problem.
四、条件状语和方式状语从句
㈠条件状语从句
从属连词_______________________________________________________引导条件状语。
You will fail the exam unless you study hard.
You will fail the exam _______ you __________ study hard.
________________ you don’t lose heart, you will succeed.
当if从句的条件不是真实的或难以实现的条件时，要用__________________.
If I __________(know) his address, I ___________( tell) you.
If you _______________(come) here yesterday, you _______________ (see) her.
If it ___________________________(rain) tomorrow, I __________(stay) at home.
㈡方式状语从句
引导词有_____________________________________________
Do as you are told to, or you will be fired.
The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.
I feel as if I have a fever.
as if 或as through 引导的从句有时需要用________语气。
温馨提示：
在时间状语从句，让步，条件及方式状语从句中，当主句的主语和从句的主语一致，并且谓语动词中有be动词的时候，从句中的主语和系动词一块儿省略。
五、让步状语从句和比较状语从句
㈠让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的从属连词有：
___________________________________________________________
He is unhappy, ______________he has a lot of money.
__________________ it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.
___________ I were busy, I would go
Even though/if it is raining, I ___________(go) there.
as引导让步状语从句，从句中的表语，状语，或动词原形置于句首，需用倒装语序。
汉译英(as)：
1.尽管他是孩子，她却懂得很多。
________________________________________________________________ 2.虽然我很喜欢它，但我不会买的，因为它太贵了。
___________________________, I won’t buy it, for it’s too expensive.
3.不管他怎样努力，还是找不到工作。
________________, he couldn’t find a job.
though引导的从句可以倒装，也可以不倒装; although引导的从句不倒装。Whether you believe it or not, it is true
Whatever you say (=_______________________), he won’t believe you. Wherever (=________________________) you go, I will go.
Whoever (=_________________________) you are , you must obey the rules. While 在正式文体中，也可以引导让步状语从句，如：
While I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree that they can’t be solved.
.㈡比较状语从句than, as…as
He is taller than I (am)
Tom is as old as his brother (is).
He studies harder than we expect.
I admire and respect you more than I can say.
即学即练
1．(2009年山东卷)The little girl who got lost decided to remain ________she was and wait for her mother.
A．where B．what C．how D．who 2．(2009年山东卷)—Shall we have our picnic tomorrow?
—________it doesn’t rain.
A．Until B．While C．Once D．If 3．(2009年北京卷)You may use the room as you like ________you clean it up afterwards.
A．so far as B．so long as C．in case D．even if
4．(2009年福建卷)She had just finished her homework ________her mother asked her to practise playing the piano yesterday.
A．when B．while C．after D．since 5．(2009年浙江卷)The medicine works more effectively ________you drink some hot water after taking it.
A．as B．until C．although D．if
错误归因
课后篇
积累反馈
小菜一碟
1．(2009年辽宁卷)It just isn’t fair________I was working as a waiter last month，my friends were lying on the beach.
A. whenever
B. though
C. for
D. while 2．(2009年安徽卷)—I wonder how much you charge for your service. —The first two are free ________the third costs $30.
A. while
B. until
C. when
D. before
3．(2009年重庆卷)Peter was so excited ________he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing.
A. where
B. that
C. Why
D. when
4．(2009年四川卷)Owen wouldn’t eat anything ________he cooked it himself. A．until B．since C．unless D．while
5．(2009年陕西卷)My parents don’t mind what job I do ________I am happy. A．even though B．as soon as C．as long as D．as though
名篇必背
高考英语作文高级词汇
severe 替换掉serious（严重的）a severe water shortage严重缺水
needy替换掉poor（贫穷的）wealthy 替换掉rich （富裕的）beneficial 替换掉good （有益的）
undesirable 替换掉bad （不好的，不受欢迎的）
nevertheless 替换掉however（然而，不过）
fundamental / significant 替换掉important（重要的）
relevant 替换掉related （有关的）....is highly relevant to....... extraordinary 替换掉surprising （惊人的，非凡的）
provided/providing （that）替换掉if （如果.....）
promote /strengthen 替换掉improve （提高，加强）
More should be done to strengthen industry's links with universities.
应该做更多的事情加强工业界和大学的联系.
cope with 替换掉solve（解决）
motivate 替换掉encourage（激励）
We are looking for someone who will be able to motivate the staff to work hard.我们在寻找能激励职员们努力工作的人.
jeopardize 替换掉be bad to （损害，危及）
Failing exams could jeopardize her future.考试不及格危及她的前程.
ease 替换掉relieve （减轻，缓解）To ease the problem of .....为了缓解....的问题.....
well-being 替换掉happiness （幸福，安康）
pros and cons 替换掉advantages and disadvantages（好处和坏处）
You must consider all the pros and cons of the matter before you make a decision.在你做决定之前，必须考虑这个问题的正反两个方面.
approach / method 替换掉way（方法，方案）
adopt 替换掉use （采用，采取）
the aged 替换掉old people（老人）
adolescents 替换掉the young （青少年）
employment 替换掉job（就业）
affair 替换掉thing （事情，东西）
bent 替换掉gift （天赋，爱好）
catastrophe 替换掉（disaster 灾难）
subscribe to 替换掉agree with（同意）
tend 替换掉want（趋向于..想要.....）I am tending to another customer at he
moment.
acquire 替换掉gain （获得（尤指知识上的））
administration 替换掉government （政府部门）
contribute to 替换掉cause （引起）
extremely 替换掉very （非常的）
frown on sth 替换disagree with sth （不同意）
for instance 替换掉for example （例如）
advocate 倡导
compensate for 弥补.....
Spare no efforts for努力
In contemporary society 在当今社会
A vast amount of 大量的be abundant in 富有...
on ones own account 为了某人自己的利益
at ones own risk 自行负责
on account of 由于
On no account绝不要
arise from 由....引起
Are these any matters arising from the last meeting？这些事情都是由上次的会议引起的吗？
assess 评估，评价
Examinations are not the only means of assessing ones ability.考试不是评价一个人能力的唯一方法.
authentic 真实的，可信的
gradual 逐渐的
There has been a gradual improvement in ...over the last two years.过去的两年中...逐渐改善.
....multiply rapidly ...迅速增加.
ripe 时候成熟的
The country is ripe for change.国家已是时候改变.
trend 趋势，趋向，潮流The trend at the moment is that ....现在..是一个趋势.....
I’d like to emphasize how important it is to ....
emphasize 强调，重视
sustainable development 可持续发展