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初中英语语法复习:动词的分类

初中英语语法复习:动词的分类
初中英语语法复习:动词的分类

2010年中考英语汇总--动词的分类概念:表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。

动词的分类

1.按照在句子中的功能,动词可分为四类:实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词。

说明:某些情况下,有些动词既可做实义动词,又可做助动词,例如:

We are having a meeting.我们正在开会。(having是实义动词。)

He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。(has是助动词。)

2. 按照后面是否有宾语,分为两类:及物动词(vt)、不及物动词(vi)。

说明:同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词。例如:

She can dance and sing.她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物动词。)

She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词。)

3. 根据是否受主语的限制,分两类:限定动词、非限定动词。例如:

She sings very well. 她唱得很好。(sing受主语she的限制,故用第三人称单数形式sings.)

She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。(to learn不受主语she的限制,没有词形变化,是非限定动词。)

说明:英语中共有三种非限定动词,分别是:动词不定式、动名词、分词。

在这里我们多说一下to+动词原型,和ing形式。英语不同于我们的汉语,不可以两个动词联用。如,我们汉语说,我喜欢吃苹果。其中“喜欢”和“吃”是两个动词,汉语这样说没有问题,如果翻译成英语,就变成了“I like eat apple.”这种说法按照英语的规定是不对的。那怎么办呢,于是就在两个动词之间多了一个“to”,或者把第二个词加上ing.于是就变成了“I like to eat apple.或者I like eatting apple”这样说来,动词是不是很简单啦!

4.根据动词的组成形式,可分为三类:单字词、短语动词、动词短语。例如:

The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases.

英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。(contains是单字动词。)

Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.

学生们学会查字典。(look up是短语动词。)

The young ought to take care of the old.

年轻人应照料老人。(take care of是动词短语。)

5.动词有五种形态:原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词、现在分词。

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