英国与爱尔兰
Part One Multiple Choice
1.Which of the following is not a name people use to refer to the UK? B
A. Great Britain
B. The British Island
C. The United Kingdom
D. Britain
2.is the capital city of Wales. D
A. Belfast
B. Edinburgh
C. Aberdeen
D. Cardiff
3.According to a 2005 estimate, Britain now has a population of over ________ millions. C
A. 160
B. 600
C. 60
D. 16
4.The two landmarks of London are _________. A
A. Guildhall and St. Paul’s Cathedral
B. Guildhall and Covent Garden
C. City Hall and St. Paul’s Cathedral
D. City Hall and Covent Garden
5.Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest. D
A. England
B. Scotland
C. Wales
D. Northern Ireland
6.The largest lake in the UK is located in ________. D
A. England
B. Wales
C. Scotland
D. Northern Ireland
7.English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages. C
A. Celtic
B. Indo-Iranian
C. Germanic
D. Roman
8.In the early part of 11th century, ________ replaced English as the official language in England. B
A. German
B. French
C. Celtic
D. Indo-European
9.English was standardized because of the ________. A
A. introduction of printing press
B. first industrial revolution
C. reins of William the Conqueror
D. French retreat from England
10.The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of ________ words to English D
A. Danish and Finnish
B. Dutch and German
C. French and Italian
D. Latin and Greek
11.Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of ________. B
A. southeastern England
B. southwestern England
C. southern Scotland
D. northern Wales
12.At present, nearly of the world's population communicate in English. B
A. half
B. a quarter
C. one third
D. one fifth
13.Julius Caesar and his ________ troops invaded the British islands in year 55 BC. A
A. Roman
B. Italian
C. Greek
D. Germanic
14.The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410. D
A. Norman
B. Danish
C. Celtic
D. Germanic
15.By the late 7th century, became the dominant religion in England. D
A. Celtic Christianity
B. Anglo-Saxon Christianity
C. Germanic Christianity
D. Roman Christianity
16.All the coronations of the British nation have been held in ________ since the 11th century. B
A. the City Hall
B. Westminster Abbey
C. the King’s Council
D. Buckingham Place
17.Westminster Abbey was built at the time of ________. B
A. St. Augustine
B. Edward the Confessor
C. William the Conqueror
D. Alfred the Great
18.________ improved the courts of justice, introduced the jury system and institutionalized common law in Britain. C
A. Edward the Confessor
B. St. Augustine
C. Henry II
D. Duke William
19.The marked the establishment of feudalism in England. D
A. Viking invasion
B. signing of the Magna Carta
C. Norman Conquest
D. Adoption of common law
20.The Magna Carta protected the basic principles for the protection of ________ in Britain. A
A. individual rights
B. feudal system
C. traditional rights
D. class system
21.The two houses of parliament, instituted by the mid-14th century, was an effort to gain the support of ________. A
A. middle class
B. nobles
C. clergymen
D. lords
22.The Hundred Year’s War was a series of wars fought between ________. C
A. England and Scotland
B. England and Wels
C. England and France
D. England and Ireland
23.During the Wars of the Roses, the White Rose was the badge of the ________. B
A. House of Lancaster
B. House of York
C. House of Valois
D. House of Tudor
24.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the role of . D
A. the House of Valois
B. the House of York
C. the House of Tudor
D. the House of Lancaster
25.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII's effort to ________. A
A. divorce his wife
B. break with Rome
C. support the Protestants
D. declare his supreme power over the church
26.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between . B
A. Protestants and Puritans
B. Royalists and Parliamentarians
C. nobles and peasants
D. aristocrats and Christians
27.The monarchy was abolished and England was declared a commonwealth after the execution of ________. B
A. Oliver Cromwell
B. Charles I
C. Henry VIII
D. Queen Elizabeth I
28.The Bills of Rights was passed by the Parliament directly after ________. B
A. the Civil War
B. Glorious Revolution
C. Religious Reformation
D. the Hundred Years War
29.That ________ is not one of the Reasons for the industrial Revolution breaking out in Britain. C
A. Britain had a huge market
B. England acquired wealth from India and America
C. England won more religious freedom from Rome
D. enclosure movement deprived small landowners of property.
30.Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning of the ________ century. D
A. 17th
B. 18th
C. 19th
D. 20th
31.The King or Queen is the head of state in Britain. Their powers are ________. A
A. symbolic
B. enormous
C. moderate
D. supreme
32.The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of the following branches with the exception of the ________ C
A. judiciary
B. legislature
C. monarchy
D. executive
33.The British Constitution is made up of three main part with the exception of ________. D
A. Statutory Law
B. Common Law
C. Conventions
D. the Unwritten
34.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on ________. D
A. passing the bills
B. advising the government
C. political parties
D. public attitude
35.British Cabinet works on the principle of ________ A
A. collective responsibility
B. individual responsibility
C. defending the collectivism
D. defending the individuals
36.The house of Commons performs three functions except ________. D
A. drafting new laws
B. scrutinizing government actions
C. supervising finance
D. forming new cabinet
37.________ can force a government to resign by passing a Motion of No Confidence. D
A. The Cabinet C. the Monarch
C. House of Lords
D. House of Commons
38.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to ________. B
A. make decisions
B. give advice
C. pass bills
D. supervise the Cabinet
39.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every ________ years. C
A. three
B. four
C. five
D. six
40.The two parties in the British political system are ________. A
A. the Conservative and the Labor
B. the Conservative and the Union
C. the Labor and the Democrat
D. the Union and the Democrat
41.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and ________. D
A. government intervention
B. nationalization of enterprises
C. social reform
D. a belief in individualism
42.The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it ________. A
A. set up the National Health Service
B. improved public transportation
C. abolished the old tax system
D. enhanced the economic
43.The national election in Britain usually lasts for _______ and then the counting begins. A
A. one day
B. one week
C. two weeks
D. one month
44.In 2005, the Commonwealth became an organization composed of ________ countries. D
A. 23
B. 33
C. 43
D. 53
45.The British economy achieved global dominance by the ________. C
A. 1860s
B. 1870s
C. 1880s
D. 1890s
46.The ________ in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain. A
A. oil crisis
B. high inflation rates
C. large imports
D. unemployment problem
47.Of the following practices, ________ does not belong to Thatcher's social welfare reform. C
A. reducing child benefits
B. shortening the unemployment benefits period
C. reducing the unemployment
D. lowering old age pensions
48.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects except ________. D
A. limiting government spending
B. keeping inflation under control
C. reducing unemployment
D. reducing inequality
49.Britain’s agriculture is not characterized by________. D
A. small farming population
B. high degree of mechanization
C. advanced machinery
D. high dependence on import
50.The traditional energy industry in Britain is ________. A
A. coal mining
B. oil industry
C. nuclear power
D. wind energy
51.________ is not one of the top ten British companies in oil industry. D
A. Shell
B. BP
C. BG
D. GM
52.The three major trends in the British economy since the war have been the following except ________. D
A. the decline in the agricultural sector
B. the reduction in the industrial sector
C. the expansion of the service sector
D. the growing in the secondary industry
53.The three principle financial centers of the world are ________. A
A. London, New York and Tokyo.
B. London, New York and Hong Kong
C. London, New York and Paris
D. London, New York and Berlin
54.The car industry in Britain is mostly ________. A
A. foreign-owned
B. state-owned
C. joint-venture
D. privately-owned
55.Of the following sectors in Britain, _______ has experienced spectacular growth since the end of World War II. C
A. agriculture
B. energy industry
C. service industry
D. manufacturing industry
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2e984468.html,cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between ________. A
A. 5 to 16
B. 6 to 18
C. 7 to 16
D. 7 to 18
57.Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remaining funds from all the following sources except________. B
A. tuition fees
B. loans
C. donations
D. corporate contributions
58.In Britain, the equivalent of the A-levels is the ________. A
A. GNVQs
B. GCSE
C. GCSS
D. GNSS
59.Of the following, ________ is NOT a basis of admission to Britain's universities. A
A. result in national entrance test
B. A-level result
C. an interview
D. school references
60.The only privately-financed university in Britain is ________. C
A. Oxford
B. Cambridge
C. Buckingham
D. University of London
61.In Britain, it is no exaggeration to say that the media can ________. B
A. shape the public opinions
B. promote people’s moral standards
C. influence the rule of a government
D. determine people’s political orientation
62.The oldest national newspaper in Britain is ________. C
A. The Times
B. The Guardian
C. The Observer
D. The Daily Telegraph
63.Among Britain's quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the "Big Three" with the exception of ________. C
A. The Times
B. The Guardian
C. The Observer
D. The Daily Telegraph
64.The top pay television provider in Britain is ________. D
A. ITV
B. BSB
C. SkyTV
D. BSkyB
65.Of the following, ________ is NOT a common feature of all the British holidays. D
A. families getting together
B. friends exchanging good wishes
C. friends enjoying each other's company
D. families traveling overseas
66.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except ________. A
A. Trooping the Color
B. Queen's Christmas message
C. Boxing Day
D. Christmas pantomime
67.In Britain, for churchgoers, the most important Christian festival is _______. A
A. Easter
B. Christmas
C. Boxing Day
D. Remembrance Sunday
68.The most important work by authors in the Middle English period is _______. B
A. Beowulf
B. The Canterbury Tales
C. The Tragic History of Dr. Faustus
D. Areopagitica
69.Shakespeare’s 37 plays fall into three categories except _______. C
A. comedy
B. tragedy
C. fantasy
D. historic play
70.The most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is ________. B
A. poetry
B. drama
C. novel
D. pamphlet
71.Gulliver’s Travel was written by ________. A
A. Jonathan Swift
B. John Milton
C. Alexander Pope
D. Daniel Defoe
72.The major “second generation” of Romantic poets included the following except ________. D
A. Lord Byron
B. Percy Shelley
C. John Keats
D. William Wordsworth
73.________ is viewed as Romantic poetry's "Declaration of Independence". C
A. "I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud"
B. Don Juan
C. "Preface to Lyrical Ballads"
D. Prometheus Unbound
74.In the Victorian era, the leading form of literature was ________. C
A. poetry
B. drama
C. novel
D. pamphlet
75.The distinguished English women novelists of the 19th century are the following except ________. D
A. Jane Austen
B. the Bronte sisters
C. George Eliot
D. Virginia Woolf
76.Of the following statements, ________ is NOT correct in terms of Neo- Romanticism. C
A. It prevailed at the end of the 19th century.
B. The writers were dissatisfied with the social reality.
C. The writers believed in "Art for Art's Sake".
D. Treasure Island was a representative work.
77.Of the following statements, ________ is NOT correct about Virginia Woolf. D
A. She was a central figure of the "Bloomsbury Group".
B. She experimented with stream of consciousness.
C. She was an influential feminist.
D. Her masterpiece was The Rainbow.
78.Of the following writers, ________ is NOT a Nobel Prize winner. B
A. Samuel Beckett
B. James Joyce
C. William Golding
D.V.S. Naipaul
79.The island of Ireland is separated from mainland Europe by ________. A
A. the Celtic Sea
B. the Irish Sea
C. the North Sea
D. the English Channel
80.The largest city in Ireland is ________. A
A. Dublin
B. Cork
C. Waterford
D. Galway
81.________ established a unified Irish culture and language in the 6th century BC. B
A. Hunter-gatherers from Britain
B. Celtic tribes
C. British invaders
D. Viking Danes
82.The ________ resulted in the Irish Civil War. C
A. Act of Union
B. Unilateral Declaration of Independence
C. Anglo-Irish Treaty
D. Anglo-Irish Agreement
83.Under the leadership of Prime Minister John A. Costello, a series of legislation was passed in Ireland in order to ________. A
A. reduce inflation and living cost
B. reduce secondary industry and production
C. establish better social welfare system
D. build closer political relation with the UK
84.By 1980, the following except ________ were all serious problems in the Irish society. B
A. inflation
B. budget deficit
C. unemployment
D. foreign debt
85.Ireland declared itself a republic in ________, completely independent of Britain. C
A. 1900
B. 1939
C. 1949
D. 1959
86.In 1985, after successful negotiation with the British Prime Minister ________, Ireland signed the Anglo-Irish Agreement with the UK. A
A. Margaret Thatcher
B. Tony Blair
C. Mary Robinson
D. Albert Reynolds
87.Ireland is called "the Celtic Tiger" because of its ________. B
A. aggressive foreign policies
B. rapid economic growth
C. growing emigration
D. vigorous economic reform
88.Ireland has four main political parties including ________. B
A. Fianna Fail
B. the Democratic Party
C. the Labor Party
D. Fine Gael
89.In Ireland, most people are ________. A
A. Roman Catholic
B. Protestant
C. Muslim
D. Orthodox Christian
90.In Ireland, the head of state is the ________. B
A. Prime Minister
B. President
C. British monarch
D. General Governor
Part Two True or False
1.The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England, Scotland and Wales. T
2.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country. F
3.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe----the Britons. T
4.The Anglo-Saxons came to Britain in the mid-5th century. T
5.Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal are all members in the British Upper House. T
6.The members in the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected. F
7.Britain is the world's leading exporter of poultry and dairy products. F
8.The fishing industry provides more than 50% of Britain's demand for fish. T
9.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world. F
10.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark the important events of the Christian calendar, and others are related to local customs and traditions. T
11.Hamlet depicts the hero's struggle with two opposing forces: moral integrity and the need to avenge his father's murder. T
12.Alexander Pope was a great English poet who also translated Homer's Iliad. T
13.In Ireland, both the House of Representatives and the Senate have the power of making laws. F
14.English is the only official language in Ireland, because the majority of people speak it as their mother tongue. F
15.London is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom. T
16.The King James Bible is considered to be in Modern English. T
17.Magna Carta was made in the interest of the lower class. F
18.The British Civil War broke out in 1642 between the Royalists known as the Cavaliers and Parliamentarians known as the Roundheads. T
19.Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. T
20.The Parliament is supreme decision-making body in the British government. F
21.Before World War II, the leadership of Britain was almost continually in the hands of the Conservative Party. T
22.The British Empire is the successor of the Commonwealth of Nations. F
23.During Thatcher’s leadership, the power of the trade unions was curbed. T
24.In Britain, there are two parallel school systems for primary and secondary school. One is the state system. The other is the occupational system. F
25.The Boxing Day falls on the day after Easter. F
26.Thomas Hardy is one of the representatives of English Critical Realism at the turn of the 19th century. T
27.T. S. Eliot was the leading figure of the modernist movement in English poetry. T
28.After WWII, Ireland had slightly a better economy when Britain and mainland Europe experienced economic devastation. F
29.Fianna Fail, originally part of Sinn Fein, is the largest party in Ireland. T
30.Ireland is the second country with the lowest population density. F
Part Three Blank Filling
1.The Great Britain is geographically and historically divided into three parts: England, Scotland, and_Wales_.
2.During the period of William the Conqueror, _French_, spoken by the Normans, replaced English as the official language in England, while English was only used by the
lower class.
3._The Hundred Years' War_ (1337-1453) was a series of wars fought between England and France over trade, territory, security and the throne.
4.the _enclosure movement_ (圈地运动) deprived many small landowners of their property. This new class of "landless laborer" now had to seek paid employment from the
large landowner or to find work in the rapidly growing industrial areas.
5.The _Industrial Revolution_ began in the textile industry and was marked by a series of important inventions, such as the Spinning Jenny.
6.Britain refused to join the European _Economic_ Community (EEC) when it was founded in the 1950s.
7.As a parliamentary democracy, the British government is characterized by a division of powers among the legislature, _the executive_ and the judiciary.
8.The _House of Commons_, though often referred to as the Lower House, is the center of parliamentary power.
9.The government is made up of the _Prime Minister_, the Cabinet ministers, and assistants to the ministers.
10.The headquarters and the standing bodies of the Commonwealth of Nations are all located in _London_.
11.Now, education in Britain is divided into four stages: primary, secondary, further education and _higher education_.
12.The _British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) (英国广播公司)_, affectionately referred to as the "Beeb" or "Auntie Beeb", is Britain's main public service broadcaster.
13.One of Britain's most impressive and colorful festivals takes place on the second Saturday in June, when the Queen's official birthday is officially celebrated with
_"Trooping the Color''_ around Buckingham Palace in London, which is also known as the Queen's Birthday Parade.
14.The capital city of Ireland is _Dublin_, which straddles the mouth of the River Liffey, which flows through the city center.
15.There are two dominant official languages in Ireland, _Gaelic(or Irish)_ and English.
16.Edinburgh, the capital of _Scotland_, is famous for the University of Edinburgh, one of the largest universities in Britain.
17.At present, nearly _a quarter_ of the world's population use English. It has become a universal lingua franca.
18.After Richard I, son of Henry II, was killed in France, his brother John ascended the throne in 1199. Dissatisfied with John's leadership, the lords forced him to sign the
_Magna Carla(大宪章)_, or the Great Charter, as it is more commonly referred to, on June 15, 1215.
19.The _Wars of the Roses_ (1455-1485) was a series of civil wars between two great noble families: the House of York (约克王室), whose badge was a white rose, and the
House of Lancaster.
20.The process of decolonization transformed the British Empire into _the Commonwealth of Nations_.
21.Besides Oxford, _Cambridge_ is one of the oldest universities in the world and one of the largest in Britain.
22.At the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, _Romanticism_ appeared in England as a new trend in literature. It is a revolt against the prescribed rules of Classicism.
23.The 20th-century English literature can be roughly divided into two periods: Modernism and _Postmodernism_.
24._James Joyce (1882-1941)_, an Irish novelist, is another of the novel Ulysses.
25.The island of Ireland is the _second_ largest island in Europe.
26._Sinn Fein (新芬党)_ was founded at the beginning of the 20th century by Arthur Griffith, leader supporting Irish home rule. By 1910, it had become the country's
dominant political party.
27._Standard English_ is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England, adopted as a broadcasting standard in the British media. It is also called Queen's
English or BBC English.
28.The full name of Britain is the _United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland_.
29._England_ is the most populous and wealthiest part of Britain.
30.In Britain, the majority of the population is descendants of _the Anglo-Saxons_, a Germanic people from Europe who went to England between the 5th and 7th centuries. Part Four Short-Answer Questions
1.How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?
The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modem English.
2.Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after WWII?
Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.
3.What are the three functions of the House of Commons?
The three functions are: to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy。
4.Why are independent candidates unlikely to win the general election?
Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates 5.What are the negative aspects of Thatcher’s reform in the early 1980s?
Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work
6.What are some of the popular tourist attractions in Britain?
The popular tourist attractions in England include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on。
7.What role does the media play in British leisure culture?
The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.
8.What are the two new literary trends prevailing at the end of the 19th century?
The new literary trends that prevailed at the end of the 19th century are Neo- Romanticism and Aestheticism. Those who belong to Neo-Romanticism laid emphasis on the invention of exciting adventures and fascinating stories, and those of Aestheticism believed in "art for art's sake".
9.Why was Cork given the nickname “the Rebel Country”?
Because people of Cork fought to overthrow English rule as early as in 1491, and they are proud of their participation in the Irish War of Independence and the Irish Civil War. 10.What are the characteristics of Britain’s agriculture?
Britain's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.
Part Six Essay Writing
1.What is Standard English?
Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct British English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.
2.What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?
The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial productivity increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.
3.What are the major causes of Britain’s relative decline in the postwar period?
Britain's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for several reasons. First, Britain suffered great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, Britain was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, Britain had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, Britain failed to invest in industry after World War II whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with Britain by investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.
4.Briefly state the “quality press” and the “tabloids” in Britain.
Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in Britain, about half of them are regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily
Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The News of the World.
5.What are the goals of the four main political parties in Ireland?
Fialma Fáil pursues a policy of complete political separation from Britain and supports peaceful reunification of the whole island. The key principles of Fine Gael are equality of opportunity, pro-enterprise policies, security, and integrity and hope. The aim of the Labor Party is to establish a society without poverty, which is based on democracy, equality, participation and cooperation. The Progressive Democratic Party supports free enterprise, marked separation between church and state, and a peaceful resolution to the problems in Northern Ireland.
《英语国家概况》课程习题集西南科技大学成人、网络教育学院版权所有 习题 【说明】：本课程《英语国家概况》（编号为12010）共有单选题,名词解释题,简答题,填空题2等多种试题类型，其中，本习题集中有[简答题]等试题类型未进入。 一、单选题 1. Celts were different groups of ancient people who came originally from________ A. France B. Denmark C. Ireland D. Germany 2. Who invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC? A. Emperor Claudius B. Julius Caesar C. King Alfred D. King Ethelred 3. Who is the author of Murder in the Cathedral? A. Christopher Marlowe B. T. S. Eliot C. Ben Johnson D. Thomas Becket 4.When Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, and was succeeded by his son, ______, the regime began immediately to collapse. A. Henry B. Hamilton C. Richard D. Charles 5. The 18th century saw selective breeding of cattle, sheep and houses by _________. A. Jethro Tull B. Thomas Coke C. George III D. Robert Bakewell 6. Which of the following is not one of the members of the Lords Temporal? A. all hereditary peers and peeresses of the England, Scotland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom (but not peers of Ireland) B. lire peers created to assist the House in its judicial duties C. senior bishops of the Church of England D. all other life peers 7. Two years after the ending of the Hundred Years’ War with France, England was thrown into another series of civil wars, ________. A. the War of the Celts
A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom 该国，我们正在研究的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。这是一个什么在许多方面是一个复杂的国家复杂的名字。大多数人都知道做些什么，因为它的庞大的海外帝国给它一个重要的国际作用，只是来到一个在未来数年年底，之后第二次世界大战。然而，一些市民对英国知道（他们可能会呼吁干脆英国或错误，英格兰）可能不大如何最真实的英国人今天过自己的生活。一方面，帝国的日子已经足够长的时间以前，只有老人记得他们的任何东西是生活中的重要性。英国不再是一个帝国的国家，尽管其帝国的影响可能常常在遇到的各种方式，而不是在与50或更多曾是这个帝国的一部分，和国家之间的密切关系，至少它通过一个松散的维持（自愿）组织的联系称为英联邦国家。但更重要的英国国际关系今天是欧洲联盟，其中英国1973年以来的成员，这是在考虑更有用现代英国强调它的作用作为一个欧洲国家，而不是其英联邦成员资格。它仍然是一个相对富裕的国家，是7国集团成员的大型发达经济体。另外一个旧帝国的作用明显成效在于弥补的英国人口本身。从这些英联邦国家，这在20世纪50年代和60年代鼓励一些移民，已制作了其中1人在20个非欧洲种族。他们自己或其父母或祖父母，出生在印度或巴基斯坦，加勒比国家，这些只是最常见的。这将引入什么是对英国的章节关键主题：因为是大多数情况下，或所有，国家是不可能总结了一些简单的对话英国人民。英国认为谁，很多人认为的英国绅士。但是，这仅仅是一个旧有的从未适用于英国绝大多数人来说，没有什么真正的有效性今天。英国是一个国家，一个单一的护照，和一个政府及对其所有的主权，但作为国家的大力顾名思义，它是由不同的元素组成。它包括4一个国家内的部分国家：大不列颠岛是由英格兰，苏格兰和威尔士，北爱尔兰，一份关于爱尔兰邻近的岛屿省份，完成设置。因此，在讨论英国和英国的一些考虑，必须使这些分歧，例如：一个来自苏格兰的女人不会高兴，如果我们打电话给她的英国绅士？她是苏格兰和女性，并认为她的身份从不同的男人和不同的英语。但是，这4个组成部分之间的区别的国家只有一个，也许是最简单的，不同的是分裂联合王国。有人已经指出，英国现在是一个多种族社会，这些移民是最近才集团带来了自己的文化，这与他们并肩坐在一起，与生活更加传统的英国方式方方面，例如，许多穆斯林，而大多数（名英国人至少）是基督教徒。并明确在我的苏格兰妇女的例子涉及的是事实，男人和女人没有生活在英国同样的经历。此外，英国经济分为：它是一个阶级结构的社会。很可能夸大了这个阶级的重要性，因为结构的过程中，大多数国家有一些一流的一种制度，但它确实可以说，对英国社会的阶级结构是比较明显的。一名工厂工人，他的父亲是工厂的工人很可能会从股票经纪，父亲是一名股票经纪人，不同的文化：他们将倾向于读不同的报纸，看不同的电视节目，用不同的说话口音，在做不同的事情他们的自由时间，对自己的孩子有不同的期望。另一个不同之处，这标志着英国社会就是区域。即使在四个国家，每个地区的不同：高地之间的差异和低地苏格兰有着悠久的历史意义，例如：北部和南部英格兰队也被认为是文化不同，但它们之间的边界上没有标记任何地图，只存在一个比较笼统的精神风貌。然而，有一些是在经济方面的区别的基础，南部平均较富裕的北方。部分之间的北部和南部的另一个区别，这标志着英国社会，一个可以看到在许多社会中，但有可能尤其明显，在英国，也就是资本之间的区别和不同的经济差别的原因找到了省份。伦敦是在该国南部，并在英国占主导地位的各种方式。这是迄今为止该国最大的城市，约占全国人口的七分之一，它是政府的所在地，它是文化中心，这里是所有的主要报纸，电视台，与遥遥领先的最广泛选择画廊，剧院和博物馆。此外它是商业中心，在英国大公司总部的绝大多数，是国家的金融中心，三个主要的国际金融中心之一。因此，它结合了北京，上海，广州，还是纽约，华盛顿和洛杉矶的职能，在一个城市。并鉴于其长期在英国的历史作用，也许西安呢！伦敦是英国的经济和文化生活的巨大影响力，并在一定程度上在其阴影的国家中休息。
《英语国家概况》模拟试卷（二） (考试时间150分钟) (英语专业) I. Direction: Read the following unfinished statements of questions carefully. For each unfinished statement of question four suggested answers A; B, C and D are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on your answer sheet (25%) 1. There are ______ political divisions on the island of Great Britain. A. one B. two C. three D. four 2. Magna Carta had altogether 63 clauses of which the most important matters could be seen in three of the following except _______. A. no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council; B. no serf should be arrested, imprisoned or deprived of his property except by the law of the land C. London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privileges D. There should be the same weights and measures through - out the country. 3. The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor ________ modified and improved the design in 1765. A. Abraham Darby B. James Watt C. John Kay D. Richard Arkwright 4. In some areas factory farming methods are used, particularly for ________. A. growing crop B. producing milk C. catching fish D. rearing poultry 5. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed ______ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom. A. Prime Minister B. Member of Parliament C. Lord of Appeal D. Speaker of the House 6. Under the Anglo - Irish Treaty, Britain established _______ with dominion status in Ireland in 1921. A. the Anglican Church of Ireland B. the Irish Free State C. the Irish Republican Army
u n i t7 1 (1)What are the purposes of the British education system (2)Please comment on these purposes. (3)What are the main purposes of the Chinese education system (4)Are there any differences or similarities in the education of the two nations 答：(1)The purpose of the British education system is to teach children practical skills and socialize them. (2)Children learn practical skills, and the rules and values they need to become good citizens, to participate in the community, and to contribute to the economic prosperity of an advanced industrial economy. (3)The purpose of the Chinese education is to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills they will need to become active members of society. (4) In china, people think school is just about teaching children what are often called” the three R’s---“reading, writing and ‘arithmetic”(reading, writing and arithmetic). 2. How does the British education reflect social class British education reflect the deeper divisions in British society in which social class is still very important: class inequality can be erased or continued according to education policy. What’s more, the enduring feature of British education is the continuing debate over how “equal” educational opportunity should be. In British, the accent you speak with, the clothes you wear, and the schools you attend are all markers that identify your social class. The school (or college)tie is a clear marker of social class. Even on informal occasions you will sometimes see men wearing their school ties as belts to hold up their trousers –proudly displaying their attendance at a certain school. In Britain, where you are educated is very important to you future. 3 what are the major changes that have taken place since World war 2 Is British education moving towards more progress or more equality Pick up some examples from the text to illustrate your points. Other major changes to the British education system were caused by world war Ⅱ。This time, the new system would emphasize equality. The result was the 1944 Education Act which made entry to secondary schools and universities”meritocratic”. Children would be abilities they displayed. All children were given the right to a free secondary education and the main concern was to make sure more children had access to a good education. In the 1960s,comprehensive schools were introduced all over the country, which ended the division between grammar schools----where the most academically capable pupils were sent to be prepared for university----and vocational school where less successful pupils were sent to learn allowed to let children "compete" for places. 4. Why does the author say that universities in Britain have been rather elitist 答：Most students were from the middle classes, attended good schools, performed well in their A-levels and received a fully-funded place in a university. In recent years, great efforts have been made to increase the numbers of and kinds of people that pursue higher education. Access for mature students and students without traditional A-level qualifications is widening. 5. (1) what is the Open University in Britain (2)What do you think of this system (1)The Open University offers a non-traditional route for people to take university level courses and receive a university degree. People can follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, videos, residential schools and a network of study centre. (2)It was the Open University which provided the inspiration for the founding of China’s TV and Radio University. Unit 8 British Foreign Relations 1.What and how did the British empire end How did the British react to this reality How did the end of British imperialism influence the psychology of the British and the making of Britain's foreign policy (1) The end of the great British empire was surprisingly rapid. In 1946, Jordan, in the Middle East, was granted independence. The following year, India and Pakistan followed suit. In 1948, Burma and Ceylon
英语国家概况翻译 Unit 1 A Brief Introduction to The United Kingdom 我们正在研究的这个国家的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。这也是一个复杂的名字，对于一个在许多方面都很复杂的国家。大多数人都知道它，是因为它的庞大的海外帝国的称号使他在国家上扮演着重要的角色，但是在第二次世界大战之后的数年，这一切都结束了。然而，人们知道的那些有关英国(他们可能称它为 大不列颠)的事情，可能跟大多数真正的英国人是如果过自英国或者，错误的称为 己的生活的事情没有多大的联系。一方面，现在，帝国的时代已经过去很久了，只有老人们把帝国作为他们生活有一些意义的一件事留在记忆里。英国不再是一个帝国，尽管其过去帝国的影响可能体现在各方各面;而不是仅仅体现在与曾经是这个帝国的一部分并且建立起一个松散(自愿)的称之为英联邦国家的组织保持联系的50或更多的国家之间的密切关系。但是今天在英国国际关系中，更重要的是欧洲联盟。自从1973年始，英国成为了它的成员。考虑到当代的英国，强调它在欧盟中扮演的角色，比起英联邦的一部分，要有用得多了。作为7国集团成员的大型发达经济体，它仍然是一个相对富裕的国家。 另外一个明显旧帝国的影响在于组成英国人口本身。在20世纪50年代和60年代这段时间，受到鼓励来自这些英联邦国家的移民，导致了一个二十个人中就有一个非欧洲人的人口种族。他们自己，其父母，或者祖父母，出生在印度或巴基斯坦，加勒比国家，仅举出这几个最有代表性的国家和地区。 这将引入什么是本章节关于英国的关键主题:因为是大多数，或所有的国家，是不可能用简单的话语来概括英国人民。很多人想到了英国，就想到了英国的绅士。但是，这仅仅是一种刻板印象，在当今，对于绝大多数英国人来说都是不适
广东外语外贸大学成人高等教育 《英语国家概况》第一套复习题 I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for True and F for False . ( 1.5 points each , 30 points in total ) 1.The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England, Scotland and Wales. 2.People from different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country. 3.In terms of population and area, Northern Ireland is the second largest part of the United Kingdom. 4.Because of political troubles, Northern Ireland has been quite significant among the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom. 5.The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons. 6.The Celtic people are the earliest known inhabitants of Britain. 7.English changed into what is described as Modern English from the late 16th century. 8.The British history before 55 BC is basically undocumented. 9.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC. 10.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe – the Britons. 11.The Anglo –Saxons came to Britain in the mid-5th century. 12.The Vikings began to attack the English coasts in the 8th century. 13.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France. 14.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople. 15.The Hundred Years’War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans for trade and territory. 16.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions, Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation. 17.In reality, the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers. 18.British Parliament is the law-making body of the Commonwealth of Nations. 19.The members in the House of Commons in Britain are appointed rather than elected. 20.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world. Answer keys: 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. T 7. F 8. T 9. T 10. T 11.T 12. T 13. T 14. F 15. F 16. T 17. F 18. F 19. F 20. T II. Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements. (2 points each, 40 points in total) 1. ___B_____ is the capitall city of Scotland. A. Belfast B. Edinburgh C. Aberdeen D. Cardiff 2. Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, ____D_____ is the smallest. A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Northern Ireland 3. Almost a quarter of the British population lives in ____B_______ England. A. northeastern B.southeastern C. northwestern D. southwestern
2011年英语国家概况复习提纲（2010级1、2、3、4班） 一、考试题型 1、选择题（10%）：10个小题，每题1分。 2、判断正误题（10%）：10个小题，每题1分。 3、术语翻译（英译汉10%）：10术语，每个术语1分。 4、名词解释（20%）：5个术语，每个4分。 5、简答题（30%）：6个小题，每题5分。 6、论述题（20%）：1个小题。 二、考试范围 美国部分全部10章，英国部分前4章（第一至第四章）、2000年——2010年八级考试中关于英语国家概况试题。 三、考试依据 教材、课件PPT、历年八级考试中关于英语国家概况试题 四、考试重点 1、重点翻译术语： (1) New Frontier 新边疆 (2) the Civil Rights Movement 民权运动 (3) the Great Society 伟大社会 (4) the Counterculture Movement 反主流文化运动 (5) the New Left Movement 新左派运动 (6) the Anti-War Movement 反战运动 (7) the Strategic Defence Initiative 战略防御措施 (8) the Populist Party人民党
(9) Star Wars星球大战 (10) Monroe Doctrine门罗主义 (11) Truman Doctrine 杜鲁门主义 (12) the Marshall Plan 马歇尔计划 (13) the Missile Crisis 导弹危机 (14) the House Un-American Activities Committee 众议院非美活动调查委员会 (15) WASP 白人盎格鲁—撒克逊新教徒 (16) indentured servants 契约佣工 (17) the Civil War 美国内战 (18) the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People 全国有色人种协进会 (19) model minority 模范少数族裔 (20) Indian Reservations 印第安人保留区 (21) Gold Rush淘金热 (22) Supreme Court最高法院 (23) the Court of Appeals 上诉法院 (24) the District Court地区法庭 (25) judicial review 司法复审 (26) the House of Representatives 众议院 (27) chief justice 首席大法官 (28) associate justice 大法官 (29) the Articles of Confederation 《邦联条例》 (30) winner-take-all 赢者通吃/ （美国总统选举中）胜者获得所有选举人选票
英国与爱尔兰 Part One Multiple Choice 1.Which of the following is not a name people use to refer to the UK? B A. Great Britain B. The British Island C. The United Kingdom D. Britain 2.is the capital city of Wales. D A. Belfast B. Edinburgh C. Aberdeen D. Cardiff 3.According to a 2005 estimate, Britain now has a population of over ________ millions. C A. 160 B. 600 C. 60 D. 16 4.The two landmarks of London are _________. A A. Guildhall and St. Paul’s Cathedral B. Guildhall and Covent Garden C. City Hall and St. Paul’s Cathedral D. City Hall and Covent Garden 5.Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest. D A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Northern Ireland 6.The largest lake in the UK is located in ________. D A. England B. Wales C. Scotland D. Northern Ireland 7.English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages. C A. Celtic B. Indo-Iranian C. Germanic D. Roman 8.In the early part of 11th century, ________ replaced English as the official language in England. B A. German B. French C. Celtic D. Indo-European 9.English was standardized because of the ________. A A. introduction of printing press B. first industrial revolution C. reins of William the Conqueror D. French retreat from England 10.The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of ________ words to English D A. Danish and Finnish B. Dutch and German C. French and Italian D. Latin and Greek 11.Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of ________. B A. southeastern England B. southwestern England C. southern Scotland D. northern Wales 12.At present, nearly of the world's population communicate in English. B A. half B. a quarter C. one third D. one fifth 13.Julius Caesar and his ________ troops invaded the British islands in year 55 BC. A A. Roman B. Italian C. Greek D. Germanic 14.The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410. D A. Norman B. Danish C. Celtic D. Germanic 15.By the late 7th century, became the dominant religion in England. D A. Celtic Christianity B. Anglo-Saxon Christianity C. Germanic Christianity D. Roman Christianity 16.All the coronations of the British nation have been held in ________ since the 11th century. B A. the City Hall B. Westminster Abbey C. the King’s Council D. Buckingham Place 17.Westminster Abbey was built at the time of ________. B A. St. Augustine B. Edward the Confessor C. William the Conqueror D. Alfred the Great 18.________ improved the courts of justice, introduced the jury system and institutionalized common law in Britain. C A. Edward the Confessor B. St. Augustine
第十一章 Part Two The Republic of Ireland 爱尔兰共和国 地理与历史 Geography and History 不列颠群岛由两大岛屿和几百座小岛组成。两大岛屿是大不列颠和爱尔兰岛。爱尔兰也因其乡村绿荫而被称为绿宝石岛。爱尔兰分为两个政治区域：北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国。北爱尔兰是联合王国的一部分。爱尔兰共和国是个独立国家。 The British Isles are made up of two large islands and hundreds of small ones. The two large islands are Great Britain and Ireland. Ireland is also called the Emerald Isle because ot its rich green countryside. Ireland is divided into two political units. They are Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Northern Island is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland (Eire) is an independent country. I.Geographical Features地理特征 爱尔兰共和国的面积为70，282平方公里。与北爱尔兰接壤的边界为434公里。 The Republic of Ireland covers an area of 70,282 sq.its land border with Northern Ireland is 434 km. 首都是都柏林，The capital is Dublin. 爱尔兰一直被比作盆地，内有海滨高地围起的石灰岩高原。海洋性气候影响全国。 Ireland has been compared to a basin in which a limestone plateau is rimmed by coastal highland s. Maritime influences penetrate the land. 最高峰是卡朗图山(1，041米) The highest peaks are Carrantuohill (1,041 m) 爱尔兰最大的河是香农河，它发源于斯利戈湾附近的高原, 香农河为共和国提供了大部分电力。 The largest river in Ireland is the Shannon River. It rises in the plateau near Sligo Bay, The Shannon River provides electric power for much of the Republic. 多样化是低地的主要特征。中部低地是爱尔兰的心脏。山谷的通道和低地走廊通向每一个爱尔兰海岸， Variety is the main feature of the lowlands. The Central Lowland is the heart of Ireland. Easy passageways along valley and lowland corridors lead from it to every Irish shore. 因为爱尔兰在冰川时期完全被冰层覆盖，现在所有的动植物种类都是从欧洲其他地方迁徙来的。 As Ireland was completely covered by ice sheets during the lce Age, all extant plants and animals are migrant species from other parts of Europe. 沼泽仍是爱尔兰最重要的地形特征。在所有山脉中随处可见，并覆盖低地的大片地区。
（专科）英语国家概况1模拟题一 ⅠThere are 20 questions in this part. Each question is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the correct answer to each of the questions and write your answer at the corresponding place on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points) 1. Where do the majority of people in Scotland live? A in the Highlands B in the Lowlands C in the Uplands D in the west of Scotland 2. Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations, but is quite well-known in the world for: A its most famo us landmark, the “Giant’s Causeway” B its rich cultural life C its low living standards D its endless political problems 3. Where is the best agricultural land in Britain? A in the southeast of England B in the northeast of England C in the southeast of Scotland D in the northeast of Scotland 4. Which of the following was the most famous Scottish novelist? A D.H Lawrence B Robert L. Stevenson C Charles Dickens D Walter Scott 5. The first European settlement on the continent Australia began in ___ A 1902 B 1788 C 1770 D 1787 6. Which of the following sports was NOT invented in Britain? A football B tennis C archery D cricket 7. On which day is Halloween celebrated? A 5 November B 31 October C 17 March D 25 December 8. Which of the following is NOT true about lie peers? A They are not from the aristocratic families. B They cannot sit in the House of Lords. C They earned their titles through their outstanding achievement. D The titles cannot be inherited by their children. 9. Which of the following countries does NOT have nuclear weapons capabilities? A Britain B Russia C Italy D United Sates 10. Which of the following phrases cannot be used to describe the continent of Australia? A The smallest continent B the largest island C the highest continent D the driest continent 11. Australia’s three most important field crops are ____. A Cotton, barley, and sugar-cane B Grain legume, wheat, and sugar-cane C wheat, barley, and sugar-cane D wheat, sugar-cane and cotton 12. TAFE is a form of: A primary education B secondary education C post-secondary education D private education 13.____ is the oldest newspaper in Australia. A The Sydney Morning Herald B The Australian C The Mercury D The Australian Financial Review 14. The first settlers of New Zealand were ____. A voyagers from East Polynesia B European navigators