宾语从句
1.宾语从句的概念：在复合句中,充当宾语的是个句子，或者说句子作宾语。
2.位置：动宾，介宾
3.句子结构：主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句
宾语从句的引导词：
一、当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。
例：1.Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better.
2.Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party.
二、在主句为动词be加某些形容词，如sorry, sure, afraid, glad……作表语时（be+a.看作是一个动词词组），后面所跟从句也是宾语从句。
例：1.I’m sorry (that) I don’t know .
2.We’re sure (that) our team will win .
注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略。
三、当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），if/whether 虽然不作成分，但是译为：“是否”，所以不能省略。
例：1.Lily wanted to know （if /whether） her grandma liked the handbag .
2.Let’s see （if /whether） we can find out some information about that city . 注：1.当句中有or 或者or not时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.
2.在介词后面,引导词只能用whether而不能用if.
3.在动词不定式前,引导词只能用whether而不能用if.
四、当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what, who, whom, which, whose）或连接副词（when, where, why，how, how many, how old, how long,……, ）引导，每个连接词在从句中都担任一定的句子成分，意思各不相同，所以不可以省略。
例：1.Do you know what he said just now ?
2.I don’t remem ber when we arrived .
3.Please tell me who (whom) we have to see .
4. Do you know what time the plane leaves ?
五、带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句。
例：1.Could you tell us how long the meeting will last ?
2.I don’t know how far it is to the cinema .
宾语从句的时态
一、如果主句是现在或将来的某个时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
二、如果主句是过去的某个时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去
时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时……）
例：1.I knew who lived here.
2.I saw she was talking with her mother.
三、当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。
例：The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun .宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
对比，加深印象：
1. When will he go to the library?
His brother asks when he will go to the library .（√）
His brother asks when will he go to the library . （×）
2. What does he want to buy ?
I don’t know what he wants to buy .（√）
I don’t know what does he want to buy .（×）
注意事项：1．could / would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的
时态根据实际情况用不同时态。 2. 如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不可能是that；如果主句的谓语动词是say时，连词一定用that。 3. 如果从句中含有or或or not时，只能用whether而不用if 。
直接引语与间接引语
1.直接引语：直接引用别人的原话.直接引语的前后必须加引号。
2.间接引语：间接转述别人的话。间接引语前后不加引号。（间接引语构成宾语从句）
直接引语变间接引语可分为四大类：
一、直接引语为陈述句
二、直接引语为一般疑问句
三、直接引语为特殊疑问句
四、直接引语为祈使句
直接引语是陈述句
直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的say, 也可用tell来代替，注意，可以说say that, tell sb. that，但不可直接说tell that 。
例：He often says,“China is great.”→ He often says (that) China is great.直接引语是一般疑问句：
间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词say要改为ask ，语序一定变为陈述语序。
例：1.He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”
2.He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. 注意：大多数情况下，if ,whether 可以互换，但句中出现or (not),或放在介
词后作连接词，只用whether。
直接引语是特殊疑问句：
原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb. )来表达。语
序一定改为陈述句语序。
例：1.He said to me，“What's your name?”
2.He asked me what my name was.
直接引语是祈使句，用：tell/order/ask/warn… sb. to do sth.
祈使句的否定形式，用：tell/order/ask/warn… sb. not to do sth.
例：1.He said, “Please come here tomorrow.”
2.He asked me to go there the next day.
直接引语变间接引语：人称根据语境变化
例：1.He said,“ My brother failed in the exam.”
He said _his___brother had failed in the exam.
2.He said to Mary,“ How is your mother now?”
He asked Mary how _her____mother was then.
3.My teacher said, ‘‘ she is a good student. ’’
My teacher said _she___was a good student.
时态的变化
1.如果主句的谓语动词是现在时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态无需变化。
2.如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态要
做出相应的改变，如下所示：
一般现在时一般过去时
一般过去时过去完成时
一般将来时过去将来时
现在进行时过去进行时
过去进行时过去完成进行时
将来进行时过去将来进行时
现在完成时过去完成时
过去完成时过去完成时
将来完成时过去将来完成时
现在完成进行时过去完成进行时
过去完成进行时过去完成进行时
将来完成进行时过去将来完成进行时
例：1.“ I am ill today.” said my mother.
My mother said that she was ill that day.
注意：直接引语转为间接引语时，下列情况下时态不变：１. 直接引语若表示
的是客观事实或真理时，变间接引语时时态不变．２. 当引语中的时间状语表
示过去某一具体时间时，谓语动词时态不需改变．
直接引语中的时间状语转换规则：
1.直接引语中的指示代词转换规则:this变为that; these变为those.本来就
是that/those则不变。
2.直接引语中动词come在间接引语中用go.
3.直接引语中副词here在间接引语中用there.
总结：
如何区分定语从句、宾语从句和状语从句？（附习题）| 虫虫讲英语 2018-12-02 14:52 「虫虫讲英语」老少咸宜的英语学习号——有时候，语法换一种方式讲，就听懂了。 如何区分定语从句、宾语从句和状语从句，是学生最常问我的问题之一。今天，我们通过青铜、白银、黄金、王者四级难度的例句，一起研究下怎样一眼辨别英语3大从句。 01 概念 3大从句的区别均在于前面两个字：定语、宾语和状语： 知道了这几个概念，这三种从句就很好理解了： >> 定语从句：作定语的从句，做adj.修饰先行词；
在这里，dog “狗子” 是先行词，即“走在定语从句前面的名词”；定语从句 that shits a lot 其中的 that，指 代了前面的 dog，告诉我们这是一条怎样的狗子：拉很多的狗子。 >> 宾语从句：作宾语的从句，放在动词或介词后面； 第一句，宾语从句为普通的陈述句，放在 think 这个动作后面，由连接词 that 引导。 第二句，宾语从句已经改成陈述句语序，原来人讲的话则是一般疑问句Do you let it go “你丫放不放手” ？该从句放在 depend on 的介词 on 后面，一般疑问句由 whether/ if 引导。 >> 状语从句：作状语的从句，给主句增加信息量。 状语从句，是3大从句中比较好记的一种：有个完整的主句，从句是提供更多信息的，比如上述例句告诉我们他为什么养狗。只要熟悉九大状语从句的引导词（← 戳可查看），几乎一眼就能辨别出状语从句。 02 当堂练习 现在，我们一起看几个句子找找感觉。请判断下列句子是定语从句，宾语从句还是状语从句？ >> 青铜 1. If it is fine tomorrow, I will visit you. 2. I helped an old man who lost his way.
A 重庆戴氏高考?中考学校（白帝城校区）主讲人：李老师 英语语法复习 直接引语变间接引语语法讲解 一、人称 人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。 一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化，如： She said. My“ brother wan ts to go with me. ” f She saidher brother wan ted to go with her. 二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称， 或被第二人你”所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称，如： He said to Kate，"How is your sister now?" f He asked Kate howher sister was the n. 第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化，如：Mr. Smith said，Jack is a good worker. ” f Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker. 、时态 直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。其基本法则和我们刚刚学过的宾语从句的时态变化一致，也就是说从句时态要和主句时态一致。如果从句是过去时，主句要向后退一格时态，变成一种过去时。 1.She said. haVe lost a pen. ” f She said s h ad lost a pen. （现在完成g过去完成） 2.She said. hop e so. ” f She said thhyped so. （一般现在g —般过去） 3.She said, wHle go to see his friend ” f She said hewould go to see his friend. 一般将来 f 过去将来） 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不 变化。 ①直接引语是客观真理。如：“The^arth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth ” , the teacher told me. f The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 ②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如： Jack said, “Jw h n^re were you going when I met you in the street? f Jack asked Johnwhere he was going whe n he met him in the street. ③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Xiao Wang said, “was born on April 20, 1980. ” f Xiao Wan g said hewas born on April 20, 1980. ④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接弓I 语，时态不变。如：He said, “I get up at six every morningf He said he gets up at six every morning. ⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to，had
宾语从句用法详解(例句丰富) 一、宾语从句的引导词 宾语从句通常由连词that和whether (if)、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导： 1. that引导 We believe that he is honest. 我们相信他是诚实的。 The doctor insists that I give up smoking医生坚持要我戒烟。 I suggest that we should go tomorrow. 我建议我们明天走。 I suggested that we should go the next day. 我建议我们第二天走。 We learnt from his letter that he was in Spain. 从他的信里我们了解到他在西班牙。 The seller demanded that payment should be made within five days. 卖方要求5日内付款。 2. whether / if引导 I don’t know whether he’ll arrive in time. 我不知道他是否能及时到。 I didn’t kno w whether they liked the place. 我不知道他们是否喜欢这个地方。 I’ll see whether I can induce him to accept it. 我要看看我是否能劝他接受。 I asked her whether she agreed. 我问她是否同意。 He enquired if her parents spoke Spanish. 他问她父母是否讲西班牙语。 I wonder if it’s large enough. 我不知道它是否够大。 She did n’t say if he was still alive. 她没说他是否还活着。 3. 连接代词引导 I don’t know who [whom] you mean. 我不知道你指谁。 Please tell me which you like. 告诉我你喜欢哪一个。 I’Il do whatever I can do. 我将做我所能做的事。 You can take whichever you like. 你爱拿哪个就拿哪个吧。 We’ll do whatever we can to save him. 我们将尽我们所能来挽救他。 Take whichever seat you like. 你要坐哪个座就坐哪个座位。 Give it to whoever you like. 你把它爱给谁就给谁。 You don’t know what you are talking about. 你在说什么，你自己也不知道。 Tomorrow at this time we’ll know who is elected. 明天这时候我们就会知道谁当选了。 4. 连接副词引导
直接引语变间接引语（宾语从句）讲解与练习 一．讲解： 在复合句中，作宾语的句子（主谓结构）就叫宾语从句。直接引语变间接引语多数情况下构成宾语从句。变化时应注意以下几点： 1．引导词（连词） ①如果直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语，引导词用that, that没有实际意义，口语或非正 式文体中常省略e.g He said, “My mother is a doctor.”→He said (that) his mother was a doctor. ②如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语，引导词就用if。不能省略 e.g “Are you English?” He asked m e→He asked me if I was English. ③如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语，引导词就用特殊疑问句的疑问词，如：what when where which who how等，这些词有意义，不能省略：eg “How old are you ?” He asked m e→He asked me how old I was. 二．间接引语的宾语从句中，引导词之后都必须使用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语…），肯定式的宾语从句不用助动词do(did或does) e.g. She asked, “What does he want?”→She asked what he wanted. He asked me ,“Do you like English?”→He asked me if I liked English. 三．时态的变化： 1.如果主句中的谓语动词用一般过去时,则间接引语中宾语从句须用过去的某种时态。基本 原则是：往过去的方向推一个时态，即一般现在时变成一般过去时，现在进行时变成过 去进行时，一般将来时变成过去将来时eg: ① He asked me, “Do you have a dictionary?”→He asked me if I had a dictionary. ② She asked, “What is Tom doing? →She asked what Tom was doing. ③ She said ,“I will leave a message on his desk.”→She said that she would leave a message on his desk. 2.如果宾语从句表达的是客观真理，自然现象。则无论主句用什么时态，间接引语中的宾 语从句一律使用现在时。eg:① The teacher said to us, “The earth goes round the sun.”→The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun② He said, “Light travels faster than sound. ”→He said that light travels faster than sound. 四．人称的变化与汉语中的情况大体相同，指示代词，时间状语和动词的变化见课本第99页的表格。 五．练习：Ⅰ选择填空。 ( )1.He said that he ________speak a little English when he was five. A is able to B able C could D can ( )2.Please tell me where _______have our picnic tomorrow。 A we will B will we C you are D will you ( )3.Did you hear________ clearly? A what he said B what he says C what did he say D how did he said ( )4.He wanted to know why _______up late. A did she get B she got C does she get D she gets ( )5.Could you tell me ________from your house to the factory? A how far it is B it is how far C how far it was D how far is it ( )6.Could you tell me if it _________ tomorrow? A rain B will rain C raining D rains ( )7.Tom asked me ________ English. A if I likes B if I liked C that I like D that I liked ( )8.Our teacher told us the earth ________around the sun. A goes B go C went D going ( )9.Do you remember what________________ when I came in? A Tom is doing B Tom was doing C is Tom doing D was Tom doing ( )10.He asked how many pictures_______。 A did they draw B do they draw C they will draw D they would draw ( )11.They asked if the teacher ________them some songs the next week. A would teach B had taught C will teach D taught ( )12.He asked me if I ________in Shanghai. A live B lived C is living D will live Ⅱ．句型转换。 1. I don’t know what to say. I don’t know ________ ________ ________ ________. 2. “What’s your favorite color” she asked me. She asked me what ________ favorite color _________. 3. “What are you doing?” Jim asked me. Jim asked me ________ ________ ________ __________. 4 Tom said to me, “You are a good student.” Tom told me ________ ________ ________ a good student. 5He said , “I will go to the Great Wall tomorrow.” He said that he ________ ________ to the Great Wall _______ ________ ______. 6“Do you like playing football.” She asked me. She asked me ________ ________ ________ playing football. 7“I can’t work out this math problem.” Tom said. Tom said that ________ ________ work out ____________ math problem. 8 He asked Jim, “ Where does your pen pal come from?” He asked Jim __________ __________ pen pal __________ from. 9. Mary asked Gina, “ Are you ill?” Mary asked Gina _________ ________ __________ ill. 10. Tom said to me , “Pass the ball to me.” Tom ________me ________ ________ the ball to _________.
宾语从句讲解 在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 宾语从句有“四看”： 一看连接词； 引导宾语从句的连接词有三类： 连接词原句句式 that（无词义，在口语中常可省略）陈述句（原句是陈述句） if,whether（是否，不可省略）一般疑问句（原句是一般疑问句） who,whom,which,what,when,where,why,how 特殊疑问句（原句是特殊疑问句）连接代词（who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever） 在句中有词义，并且充当从句中的主语、宾语、表语、定语。 连接副词(where,when,how,why)在句中有词义，并且充当从句的状 语。 例句：I don’t know if /whether you can help me.我不知道你是否能够帮我。 I don’t know whether or not they will come. =I don’t know whether they will come or not. 我不知道他们来不来。 I wonder what he’s writing to me about.(w hat在从句中作宾语) 我想知道他正在写什么给我们。 We never know what he is.(what在从句中作表语) 我们从不知道他是做什么的。 He can’t decide which sweater he should buy.(which在从句中作定语) 他不确定他该买哪件衣服。 I will tell you why I asked you to come.(why在从句中作原因状语) 我会告诉你我为什么要你来。 Could you tell me where Tom has gone?（where在从句中作地点状语） 你能告诉我汤姆去哪里了吗？ I want to know when you can finish the work.（when在从句中作时间状语） 我想知道你什么时候能够完成这项工作。 二看时态：主从句时态要一致。主句为现在时态，从句可用任何时态；主句若为过去时态， 从句要用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。 He said that he would help us.他说他会帮我们的。
状语从句练习 ( ) 1. I won't believe you___ I have seen it with my own eyes. A. before B. until C. after D. when ( )2.He ___ home ___ she was satisfied ___ his answer yesterday. A.didn't go; until; with B.wasn't go; after; to C. doesn't go; before; with D. didn't go; until; to ( )3. He ___ back until the work ___ done. A. isn't; will be B. isn't; is C. won't be; will be D. won't be; is ( ) 4. They didn't start the work ___ their teacher came back. A. until B. while C. as soon as D. if ( )5. Tom will call me as soon as he ___ Shanghai. A. arrives B. will reach C.arrives in D.get to ( )6. I'm sure he'll come to see me before he ___ Beijing. A. will leave B. is leaving C. leave D. leaves ( )7. Tom has got a watch. He ___ it for two years. It _______ by his father. A. has bought; was bought B. has got; is bought , C. was bought; has bought . D. has had; was bought "' ( )8. When he got to the station, the train ___. A. left B. had left C. leaves D. has left ( ) 9. The boy told his father what he ___ in the street. A. saw B. have seen C. had seen D. see ( ) 10. We ___ TV when the telephone ____. A.watched; was ringing B. were watching; rang C. watch; rings D. are watching; rang ( ) 11. I ___ you for a long time. Where ___ you ___? A. didn't see; did; go B. didn't see; have; gone C. haven't seen; have; been D. haven't seen; have; gone ( ) 12. Tom___ China for 3 years. A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has been at ( ) 13. -Hello! May I speak to Bob? -Sorry, but he ___ for a month. A. had been away B. was left C. left D. has been away
直接引语变间接引语（宾语从句） 一．直接引语和间接引语的定义。 直接引语：直接引用别人的话叫直接引语， 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。 直接引语前后加引号；间接引语不必加引号。 He said, “ I’m a student.” （直接引语）→ He said that he was a student. （间接引语）主句主句从句 二．当直接引语为特殊疑问句变间接引语形成宾语从句时，首先要注意用特殊疑问词， 其后用陈述语序的句子，同时注意人称、时态、时间状语，连接词，语序的变化. （一）人称的变化规则：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。 ★（二）．时态变化 宾语从句时态变化规则：主现从不限；主过从四过（即4种过去的时态：一般过去时；过去进行时；过去将来时；过去完成时）；客观真理，只用一般现在时。 1.主句一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。 2.主句过去时，从句用相应的过去时态。即一般现在时改成一般过去时；现在进行时改成过去进行时；一般将来时改成过去将来时；一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时改成过去完成时。 3.主句过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。 Teacher told us:" The moon moves round the earth." Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.
(三) ★(四)．连接词 1．从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that 或将that 省略，直接与主句相连。 2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if 或whether 。 3．从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how 等的疑问代、副词作连接词。 注意：当who 为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他
宾语从句 1.宾语从句的概念：在复合句中,充当宾语的是个句子，或者说句子作宾语。 2.位置：动宾，介宾 3.句子结构：主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句 宾语从句的引导词： 一、当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。 例：1.Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better. 2.Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party. 二、在主句为动词be加某些形容词，如sorry, sure, afraid, glad……作表语时（be+a.看作是一个动词词组），后面所跟从句也是宾语从句。 例：1.I’m sorry (that) I don’t know . 2.We’re sure (that) our team will win . 注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略。 三、当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），if/whether 虽然不作成分，但是译为：“是否”，所以不能省略。 例：1.Lily wanted to know （if /whether） her grandma liked the handbag . 2.Let’s see （if /whether） we can find out some information about that city . 注：1.当句中有or 或者or not时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if. 2.在介词后面,引导词只能用whether而不能用if. 3.在动词不定式前,引导词只能用whether而不能用if. 四、当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what, who, whom, which, whose）或连接副词（when, where, why，how, how many, how old, how long,……, ）引导，每个连接词在从句中都担任一定的句子成分，意思各不相同，所以不可以省略。 例：1.Do you know what he said just now ? 2.I don’t remem ber when we arrived . 3.Please tell me who (whom) we have to see . 4. Do you know what time the plane leaves ? 五、带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句。 例：1.Could you tell us how long the meeting will last ? 2.I don’t know how far it is to the cinema . 宾语从句的时态 一、如果主句是现在或将来的某个时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。 二、如果主句是过去的某个时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去
高中英语直接引语和间接引语用法讲解 一、概述 引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接引语(direct speech)。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语(indirect speech)。一般地讲，直接引语前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。 Mr. Black said, “I'm busy.”布菜克先生说：“我很忙”。（直接引语） Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。（宾语从句是间接引语） 从上例看来，直接引语改为间接引语时,除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外，还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化，如上例直接引语中的I改成了he, am则改成了was。现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题,分述如下： 二、直接引语是陈述句时 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省去），that 从句之前用say、tell等动词，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。 1、人称的变化 直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化，把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。把直接引语中的第二人称(you，your，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。直接引语中的第三人称(he，him，his，she，her，hers,it，its,they,their，theirs，them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。 He said , “I like it very much.” 他说：“我非常喜欢它”。 →He said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。(I改为he, it不变) He said, “You told me this story.”他说：“你给我讲过这个故事。” →He s aid that I had told him that story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。(You改为I, me改为him, told 改为had told) He said to me, “She’s left her book in your room”.他对我说：“她把书放在你的房间里去了。”He told me that she had left her book in my room. 他对我说她把书放在我的房间里去了。（She’s→she had，her不变，your→my） 2、时态的变化 （1）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时 如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时,动词时态相应变化表： He said, “I usually watch TV on Sunday.”他说：“我常在星期天看电视”。 →He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.他说他常在星期天看电视。 He said, “I'm using the knife.”他说：“我正在用小刀。” →He sa id that he was using the knife.他说他正在用小刀。 She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”她说：“自从五月份来我就没收到他的来信。”→She said that she had not heard from him since May. 她说自五月以来她就没收到他的来信。He said，“I came to help you.”他说：“我来帮助你。” →He said that he had come to help me.他说他来帮助我。 He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”他说：“晚饭前我己做完了作业。” →He said that he had finished his homework before supper.他说晚饭前他己做完了作业。 Zhou Lan said, “I'll do it after class.”周兰说：“下课后我就去做。” →Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.周兰说下课后她就去做。
阶段测试一 1、She tried hard ___________ she failed. 2、Be quick, _________he’ll be angry. 3、You may _________ do it yourself _______ leave it to me. 4、He could read English ________Japanese well. 5、He didn’t know anything about that ________ he couldn’t tell you. 6、________ you ________ he was here yesterday. They were at the cinema. 7、You can _______eat it at home ________ in the open air. Either is OK. 8、Use your head, _______ you’ll have a way. 9、She’s _______ our teacher _______ our friend. 10、Write to me soon, _______I’ll know a lot about you. 单项选择 1. I asked him _________dog it was. A. whose B. which C. who's D. where 2. They go to concerts of modem music_________ they really like it. A. because B. if C. though D. after 3. Find out_________ they are going this evening and ask_________ may join them. A. whether, that B. where, whether
宾语从句 宾语从句是的一种。在中充当，位于、或之后的从句称为。宾语从句分为三类：的宾语从句，的宾语从句和的宾语从句。 用法 宾语从句 结构：++由连词引导宾语从句（陈述语序） 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether，和疑问词（what，how，where，whe n …）。 1）that （无词义，不做成分）；if,whether（表达是否的意思，但是不做句子的成分） that引导表示的宾语从句， if和whether，whether...or not引导表示是否”的的宾语从句。 If和whether的区别： if和whether在作是否”理解时，引导宾语从句常放在动词 know,ask,care,wonder,find out 等之后，后一般不用if。 少数动词，如：leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether。 whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以。 在前只能用whether。 一般“no matter示是否”用whether而不用if。 2）主要有： who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever 等。 连接代词一般指疑问，但what,whatever除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述。
Tell him which class you are in . Do you know what he likes? 3）主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however 等。 He didn ' t tell me when we should meet aga他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。 注：宾语从句通常跟在名词或代词后面。 宾语从句--动宾从句 大多数都可以带宾语从句。 部分“ +结构也可以带宾语从句。 动词短语也可以带宾语从句，常见的这些词有： make sure（确保）、make up one ' s min下决心）、keep in mi nd （牢记）可运用it代替的宾语从句 ①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有宾语补足语的时候， 则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。 ②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it （）这主要有： hate,take,owe,have,see.to.award,le nd.ha nd,mail,offer,pass,pay,post,read,return,sho w,teach,tell 宾语从句--介宾从句 用whether之类的介词宾语从句。 用that,if引导的宾语从句，有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句。 宾语从句--形容词+宾从句 有些形容词具有动词的含义，所以也可以带一个宾语从句；
宾语从句 宾语从句用法速记口诀：宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。 一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。陈述句用that;一般疑问句是否（if, whether）替；特殊疑问句更好办，引导词还用疑问词。 二是词态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意；主句若为过去词，从句时态向前移。 三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。 （一）宾语从句的种类 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据 引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。 结构： 主语+谓语+宾语（陈述句语序）【注意：1~引导词.that 2~语序v.+主+谓由if、whether引导宾语从句3~时态：A.主句---现在时从句---任一时态】 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。 例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. 2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这 些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I don’t know why the train is late. 3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如： I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether ①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided. ②在介词前：It depends on（依靠）whether it is going to rain. ③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not. 语法点：由if或whether引导的宾语从句 词汇：if, whether, ask, wonder, know, … 句型：…asks/asked/wonders/wondered/wants to know/wanted to know if/whether… 前后桌同学之间开展采访活动，然后同桌交流采访结果。如： —Who did you interview? —I interviewed Bill. —What did you ask him? —I asked him if he always obeyed the school rules. —… （二）宾语从句的语序
重点、难点 1. 含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中主从句的时态。 2. If引导的宾语从句与条件状语从句的区别。 考情分析 通常在单项选择、完形填空或补全、完成句子等题型中考查，分值约3—4分。 知能提升 （一）知识讲解 【认知讲解】 I. if引导的宾语从句 if 引导宾语从句时，意思为：是否，从句的时态通常要和主句保持一致。 【例句】 I want to know if he lives there. 我想知道他是否住在那儿。 He asked me if I could help him. 他问我是否能帮他。 【考查点】if、whether引导的宾语从句的区别 1. if或whether引导宾语从句时，作“是否”讲，常放在动词ask、see、say、know和find out等后面。一般情况下，两者常可换用，在口语中多用if。 【例句】 Nobody knows whether / if it will rain tomorrow. 没有人知道明天是否下雨。 Lucy asked whether / if they had a cotton sweater. 露西问他们是否有棉制的毛衣。 2. if或whether引导宾语从句时，要注意三个方面，即连词、语序和时态。 if或whether既不能和that 或其他连词（副词）同时使用，也不能省略。 【例句】 我不知道他今天是否会来。 [误] I don’t know that if(whether) he will come here today. [正] I don’t know if(whether) he will come here today. 他走过来看看猫是否出了毛病。 [误] He came to see what if (whether) there was anything wrong with his cat . [正] He came to see if (whether) there was anything wrong with his cat . if或whether引导宾语从句时，虽具有疑问的意义，但其从句应用陈述句的语序。 【例句】 Did you know the way to the hospital The old woman asked me. The old woman asked me if / whether I knew the way to the hospital. 老妇人问我是否知道去医院的路。 if或whether引导的宾语从句应和主句的时态保持一致。即主句为一般现在时，从句用任一种时态；主句为一般过去时，从句则用过去时中的任一种时态。 【例句】 I don’t know if (whether) he has come here. 我不知道他是否来过这儿。