如何区分宾语从句？
?They know the teacher.
主语谓语宾语
?They know the teacher is a man .
主语谓语宾语从句
▲句子做宾语就是宾语从句。
1.作动词的宾语
动词+间接宾语+宾语从句She told me that she would accept my invitation.
2.作介词的宾语
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
3.非谓语的宾语
4.形容词短语的宾语
1)引导词that 可省略
I hear (that) he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.
2) whether (if) 引导
I wonder whether you can change this note for me.
3)由what I want to know what he has told you.
4)副词类Where when why how
3. It作为形式宾语
He has made it clear that he will not give in.
See to it that children don’t catch cold.
4.否定的转移
主句的谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等, 其后的宾语从句若含有否定词not, 一般要把否定词not转移到主句谓语上, 从句谓语用肯定.
I don’t think this dress fits you well.____?
5.doubt
5.虚拟语气
下列动词Advise suggest propose insist order command prefer request require后的宾语从句中谓语用Should +do/be done
They suggested that I should have a rest.
比较His pale face suggested that he was ill.
He advised that the work should be started early.
Tom insisted that he ___(be) right and ___________(not punish).
6. 疑问词＋ever引导
Who/whom/which/what +ever
区别：I can’t understand what I heard.特指
= all that /the ..that
He gives his son whatever he wants.泛指
=Anything that
I will give the chance to ______ I think is honest. A. whoever B. whomever
比较I know _____ broke the window.
We will punish _____ tells lies.
7. that不能省略的情况
1)and连接两个宾语从句,that宾语从句放在and后
Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.
2)that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时
I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.
3)that从句位于句首时
That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.
4)主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语时
We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary.(试用）
找出下列句中的宾语从句
1.We wonder how we shall do .
2.Could you tell me where they are?
3.We believe that they have finished their task, haven’t we ?
4. I am sorry that I didn’t know you want to join the Party.
练习:用whose, whom, what, how, that填空.
1.I think ____ he will be all right in a few days.
2.Do you know _____ they are waiting for?
3. He asked _____ dictionary it was.
4. Please pay attention to _____ the teacher said.
5. Can you tell me _____ I can get to the railway station?
6.宾语从句的时态
1)主句用过去时,从句用一般过去时(如从句表示客观真理,可用现在时)
Did you see that the boys were playing football on the playground at that time? Yesterday Tom said that the earth goes round the sun.
Yesterday Tom said that the earth goes round the sun.
I think that the Green’s have left for Hawaii. I want to know if/whether he will go surfing this afternoon.
Exercise(改错题)
1.We wonder how we shall do next.
2.Could you tell me where are they having a picnic?
3. We believe that they have finished their task, don’t we ?
4.I am sorry that I don’t know you want to take part in the competition.
5.Mr. Li seems that he is very expert at repairing at computers.
宾语从句用法及其例句 宾语从句用法 时态： 1.主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。 2.主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。 3.主句用过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。 一、宾语从句的连接词 从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句, if和whether引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句. He told me (that he would) go to the college the next year 他告诉我他明年上大学. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没人知道他是否会通过考试. 连接代词 连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等. 连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏？ The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么. Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗? 连接副词 连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面. Could you please tell me how you use the new panel? 你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空 1．The trouble is that I can’t find my way. 2．We are discussing what we shall do to help the poor. 3．It depends on whether you can do the work well. 4．I wonder how you are getting on with your studies. 5．He got caught in the heavy traffic.That was why he was late. 6．Energy is what makes things work. 7．We didn’t set out; it was because we wanted to wait until our mother came back. 8．We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation. Ⅱ.单项填空 1．—Can you join us in the party this evening? —Well, that depends on ________ I can finish my report before then. A．whether B．if C．that D．when 解析：选A。句意：“你今天晚上能参加我们的聚会吗？”“嗯，那得看到时候我的报 告能不能完成。”连词whether表示“是否”，引导宾语从句。if表示“是否”，不引导介词的宾语从句；that没有意义；when“当……时”。 2．I don’t think ________ possible ________ one can master a foreign language without much memory work. A．it; whether B．it; that C．which; whether D．this; that 解析：选B。it在句中作形式宾语；possible作宾补；真正的宾语是that引导的宾语从句。 3．He said________he had eaten nothing for a long time and________he was very hungry. A．that; 不填B．不填；that C．不填；不填D．what; what 解析：选B。考查宾语从句中that的省略问题。said后接了两个that引导的宾语从句，其中第一个从句中的that可省略，后面的that不可省略。 4．The reason for his coming to China was ________ he wanted to study Chinese medicine. A．that B．what
宾语从句 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句. 时态：1·主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时。 2·主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。 3·主句用过去时，从句是真理时，只用一般现在时。 1.宾语从句的连接词 从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句. He told that he would go to the college the next year 他告诉我他下一年上大学. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没人知道他是否会通过考试. 连接代词 连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等. 连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗? I don’t know whom you should depend on. 我不知道你该依靠谁. The book will show you what the best CEOs know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么. Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗? 连接副词 连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面. Could you please tell me how you read the new panel? 你能展示给我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗? N one of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到. 2.动词的宾语从句
宾语从句和表语从句详解 名词性从句指的是在整个句子中起名词作用的从句。这种从句可以做主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，所以这类从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。各种名词性从句的结构都是相同的，即由if，whether，that和各种疑问词充当连接词，后接陈述语序。 例如：What they are doing seems very important．（主语从句） 他们在做的事似乎很重要。 My hope is that he will be the best student in the class．（表语从句） 我的愿望是他能够成为班上最好的学生。 Nobody knows who he is．（宾语从句） 大家都不知道他是谁。 I don't like the idea that money is everything．（同位语从句） 我不喜欢金钱就是一切这一观点。 引导名词性从句的连接词中，除了that，if和whether之外其它的都作从句中的一个成分。 【宾语从句】 在句子中作动词或介词宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。引导宾语从句的词有连词that，whether，if；连接代词who，which，what以及其强调形式whoever，whichever，whatever；连接副词when，where，why，how等。 例如：Do you know where the Greens live I have no interest in how rich he is． 宾语从句主要用于下面五种结构： 1．由that引导的宾语从句（that 引导宾语从句时，特别是在口语中可省略） The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets． that引导的宾语从句多用于say，think，insist，wish，hope，demand，imagine，wonder，know，suppose，see，believe，agree，admit，deny，expect，explain，order，command，feel，dream，suggest，hear，mean，notice，prefer，request，require，propose，declare，report等后。 当主句谓语动词是think，believe，suppose，expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。例如：I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that．（＝I think it is not right for him …．） that不能省略的情况： （1）当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。如： He said （that）you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you． （2）当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。如： Just then I noticed，for the first time，that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap． （3）当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。如： I can’t tell him that his mother died． 2．由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句 这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see，say，tell，ask，answer，know，decide，show，find out，imagine，suggest，doubt，wonder，discover，understand，inform，advise等。
英语中六大从句用法总结 从句是指用于复合句中担当某个句子成分的主谓结构。虽说从句自身的句子结构是完整的，但是它不能视为独立的句子，因为它离开了主语就无法独立、完整地表达意思。按其所能表达的意义而言,它相当于一个词或是一个词组. 按从句的句子功能划分（也就是按从句在句子中所担任的成分来划分），从句可分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。 1.主语从句 1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有： *It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that... *It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that... *It is clear\important\likely\possible that... *It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that... It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation. It seems that the performance is very useful. 2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。 What we lack is experience. 3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。 How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again. I did know why I felt like crying. 2.宾语从句 1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。 *I promised that I would change the situation. *All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship. *He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children. *This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long. 2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。 He has made it clear that he would not change his mind. 3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。 He didn't think that the money was well spent. 3.表语从句 表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.
知识总结： 宾语从句的重难点主要有三点：引导词、语序和时态。 连词的选择 that和what 【高考示例】 1. We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have ___________we have here and treat food nicely.（2010福建卷） A. that B. which C. what D. whether 2. As a new graduate, he doesn’t know_____it takes to start a business here.（2010天津卷) A. how B. what C. When D. which 3. Before the sales start, I make a list of ______ my kids will need for the coming season. （2010山东卷） A. why B. what C. how D. which 4. I want to be liked and loved for ______I am inside. （2010北京卷） A. who B. where C. what D. how
考点解析： 以上四题均考查what引导的宾语从句，连接代词what在宾语从句中既起连接作用，又在从句中充当成分，即主语，宾语，表语或定语；而连接词that只起连接作用，在宾语从句中不充当任何成分，常可省略。所以我们在面对这类考题时： 首先，应判断从句部分是否缺主语，宾语，表语或定语。如果缺这些成分的话，首先考虑who, whom, what, which和whose等，但要区别后三者做定语时的用法区别。which 引导名词性从句时多表示疑问且要有一个明确的范围。 第二，如果题干中不需要填入代词，需要结合语境考虑是否需要填入疑问副词when, why, where, how, whether, if等。宾语从句表示不肯定或疑问，如“是否”、“是不是”、“能否”等，就用连词if/whether来引导。 第三，如果根据语境，宾语从句是个陈述句，不需要填入疑问副词，那就用连词that 引导。 例4的难点在于我想别人喜欢我是因为“我”的内在，也就是“我”inside的品质。只有what可以指代是什么。很多同学误选A，错误地用中文语言习惯去做英文题。whether和if 【高考示例】 … but it didn't matter that I would win or not．（NMET短文改错） 此题很显然是考查 whether和if引导宾语从句的差别。答案是将that改为whether。在使用whether和if引导宾语从句时，应注意以下几种情况：
宾语从句讲解 在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 宾语从句有“四看”： 一看连接词； 引导宾语从句的连接词有三类： 连接词原句句式 that（无词义，在口语中常可省略）陈述句（原句是陈述句） if,whether（是否，不可省略）一般疑问句（原句是一般疑问句） who,whom,which,what,when,where,why,how 特殊疑问句（原句是特殊疑问句）连接代词（who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever） 在句中有词义，并且充当从句中的主语、宾语、表语、定语。 连接副词(where,when,how,why)在句中有词义，并且充当从句的状 语。 例句：I don’t know if /whether you can help me.我不知道你是否能够帮我。 I don’t know whether or not they will come. =I don’t know whether they will come or not. 我不知道他们来不来。 I wonder what he’s writing to me about.(w hat在从句中作宾语) 我想知道他正在写什么给我们。 We never know what he is.(what在从句中作表语) 我们从不知道他是做什么的。 He can’t decide which sweater he should buy.(which在从句中作定语) 他不确定他该买哪件衣服。 I will tell you why I asked you to come.(why在从句中作原因状语) 我会告诉你我为什么要你来。 Could you tell me where Tom has gone?（where在从句中作地点状语） 你能告诉我汤姆去哪里了吗？ I want to know when you can finish the work.（when在从句中作时间状语） 我想知道你什么时候能够完成这项工作。 二看时态：主从句时态要一致。主句为现在时态，从句可用任何时态；主句若为过去时态， 从句要用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。 He said that he would help us.他说他会帮我们的。
宾语从句的用法 【真题再现】 1. — Jack, could you tell me ___________ for traveling this summer?(2016 连云港) — We plan to go and see the beautiful sea in Hainan. A. where your family will go B. how will your family go C. how your family will go D. where will your family go 2. —Could you tell me ________?(2016 扬州) —In August, 2016. A. where will the Youth Olympic Games take place B. when will the Youth Olympic Games take place C. where the Youth Olympic Games will take place D. when the Youth Olympic Games will take place 3. — Could you please tell me ________?(2016 十堰) — Of course. Many people in Shiyan know it. A. where is Mount Wudang B. how can I get to Wulong River C. what is Shenlongjia famous for D. if there will be a new airport in Shiyan 4. —Do you know _________?(2016 重庆) —This afternoon. A. when will the policeman give us a talk B. where will the policeman give us a talk C. when the policeman will give us a talk D. where the policeman will give us a talk 5. I have some tickets for the basketball match. I wonder ______.(2016 河北) A. where you buy the tickets B. why you like to go there C. if you'd like to come along D. when you watch the match 6．She got a nice skirt as a present on her birthday．Do you know _______?(2016 呼和浩特) A．what was it made of B．how much did it cost C．who buys it for her D．where she bought it 7. — Do you know _________ the meeting?(2016 北京) — Tomorrow morning. A. when they had B. when they are going to have C. when did they have D. when are they going to have 8. I didn't know ______.(2016 武汉) A. when would the train arrive B. where could I get the book C. what has been done D. who left the message 9. —Could you tell me_______ yuanxiao in China?(2016 天津) —Usually at Lantern Festival. A. when do people eat B. how do people eat C. when people eat D. how people eat 10. I don't understand ______ such a silly question in class yesterday.(2016 广州) A. why did John ask B. why John asked
宾语从句的讲解 一．宾语从句的定义 在句中充当宾语的句子是宾语从句。例如： I hope that I can see you again one day. 我希望有一天我能再见到你。 例句中，动词hope后跟宾语从句，充当hope的宾语，引导词是that。 二．不同引导词引导的宾语从句 （一）由that引导的宾语从句 that引导的宾语从句为陈述句。that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分， 无实意，所以在口语中常被省略。 例：I told him (that）he was wrong.我告诉他他错了。 试一试： 我希望你明天可以来。______________________________________________ 我敢肯定你会通过这个考试。________________________________________ 注意：在think, believe, suppose, 等动词引起的宾语从句中，当宾语从句表示否定时，本身不用否定形式，否定需要前置。 例如：我认为你做的不对I don’t think that you are right. 试一试： They believe. They won’t lose the game. (合成一句) ____________________________________________________________ I think that we will be late. (改为否定句) _____________________________________________________________ (二) 由if/whether引导的宾语从句 由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。if/whether在句中的意思是“是否”。而且从句原来的疑问语序要成陈述语序。 例如: I don’t know if/whether he lives here. 例句中，if/whether 引导从句he lives here。（从句原来的疑问式是Does he live here? 变成陈述式，将助动词does去掉，动词保持原有的单三形式lives） 试一试： Are you a student? (变为陈述式)_________________________________ Does your mother get to work by bus? （变为陈述式）_________________________ Has he finished his homework? （变为陈述式）_________________________________ Did they go to the park yesterday?（变为陈述式）______________________________ I wonder. Will they come to my party? (合成一句：我想知道他们是否会来。) __________________________________________________ I don’t know. Has he learned English? (合成一句：我不知道他是否学过英语。) _____________________________________________________ The teacher asks us. Did we finish our homework?( 合成一句：老师问我们是否完成了作业。) ________________________________________________________ 注意： 1.只能用whether，不能用if的情况 ①在介词的后面 例句：I’m thinking about whether we should go to see the film. 我正在考虑我们是否该去看电影。
英语宾语从句用法详解初中英语分类练习——宾语从句 复习目标：1、掌握引导宾语从句的各种连词 2、掌握宾语从句的语序——主句+连接词+主语+谓语 3、掌握宾语从句，主句与从句在时态上的呼应。重点：语序和时态呼应难点：语序和时态呼应；疑问词+不定式的转化；状语从句的辨析 一、宾语从句的连接词： 1、连词that，只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。eg. He knew (that) he should work hard. 2、连词if 、whether，它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口语中多用if。eg. Tom don’t know if/whether his grandpa liked the present. He asked me whether or not I was coming. 一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided. ②在介词前：It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain. ③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not. 3、连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which，连接副词when, where, why, how，它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义。eg. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in. I wonder where he got so much money. 【注意】1、由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。eg. I don’t know how I should do with the presents. è I don’t know how to do with the presents. 2、要注意区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型. 二、宾语从句的语序：宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构。Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?(╳) Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( √) The teacher asked the students what they
宾语从句用法详解 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。 一、宾语从句用法 宾语从句的时态： 1．主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。可归纳为“主现从不现” 2．主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。可归纳为“主过从句过” 3．主句用过去时，从句是科学真理、客观常识、名人格言时用一般现在时。 4．情态动词could/would用于，“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句不受主句的约束。 宾语从句的连接词 从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that, if, whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句， if和whether，whether...or not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句. He told me (that ）he would go to college the next year 他告诉我他明年上大学. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没有人知道他是否会通过考试. who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等. 连接代词一般指疑问，但what,whatever除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述. Do you know who has won Red Alert game 你知道是谁赢得了红色警戒的游戏么？ The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么. Have you determined whichever you should buy, a Motorola or Nokia cell phone
宾语从句 宾语从句是的一种。在中充当，位于、或之后的从句称为。宾语从句分为三类：的宾语从句，的宾语从句和的宾语从句。 用法 宾语从句 结构：++由连词引导宾语从句（陈述语序） 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether，和疑问词（what，how，where，whe n …）。 1）that （无词义，不做成分）；if,whether（表达是否的意思，但是不做句子的成分） that引导表示的宾语从句， if和whether，whether...or not引导表示是否”的的宾语从句。 If和whether的区别： if和whether在作是否”理解时，引导宾语从句常放在动词 know,ask,care,wonder,find out 等之后，后一般不用if。 少数动词，如：leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether。 whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以。 在前只能用whether。 一般“no matter示是否”用whether而不用if。 2）主要有： who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever 等。 连接代词一般指疑问，但what,whatever除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述。
Tell him which class you are in . Do you know what he likes? 3）主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however 等。 He didn ' t tell me when we should meet aga他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。 注：宾语从句通常跟在名词或代词后面。 宾语从句--动宾从句 大多数都可以带宾语从句。 部分“ +结构也可以带宾语从句。 动词短语也可以带宾语从句，常见的这些词有： make sure（确保）、make up one ' s min下决心）、keep in mi nd （牢记）可运用it代替的宾语从句 ①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有宾语补足语的时候， 则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。 ②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it （）这主要有： hate,take,owe,have,see.to.award,le nd.ha nd,mail,offer,pass,pay,post,read,return,sho w,teach,tell 宾语从句--介宾从句 用whether之类的介词宾语从句。 用that,if引导的宾语从句，有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句。 宾语从句--形容词+宾从句 有些形容词具有动词的含义，所以也可以带一个宾语从句；
宾语从句用法小结 一、宾语从句由关联词引出。 我们根据引导宾语从句的连词不同， 可把宾语从句分为三类： 以从属连词that引导的宾语从句。(陈述句) I hear (that) you have passed the examination. 以从属连词if 和whether引导的宾语从句(一般疑问句) I don‘t know if you can come tomorrow. 以连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句(特殊疑问句) Please tell me how you can get here. 二、宾语从句三要素：一连词, 二语序, 三时态。 1) 从句为陈述句时用that连接(常省略), 从句语序不变; 主句为一般现在时,从句可为任何时态。 主句为过去时态, 从句用相应的过去时态 I think (that) she is a clever girl. We all know (that) they reached Shanghai yesterday. Do you know (that) there is going to be a football match tonight? I saw (that) they were swimming in the river. 1There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know. Jack didn’t know that there would be a meeting in five days. 2. These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said that these flowers were from Guangdong 3. Tony can come to the school . I think. I think that Tony can come to the school 4. They returned to Shanghai. I am afraid. I am afraid that they returned to Shanghai 2) 从句为特殊疑问句时连接词用特殊疑问词引导, 从句改为陈述句语序; 主句为一般现在时,从句可为任何时态。 主句为过去时态, 从句用相应的过去时态 Do you know who she is? Please tell me how long I can keep this book. Nobody knows when he came back. He asked the policeman which is the way to the school. 1What size shoes does Mary wear? She wanted to know . She wanted to know what size shoes Mary wore. 2. When will the train leave? I want to know . I want to know when the train will leave 3. Who is the new girl in the class? He asked her . He asked her who was the new girl in the class.. 4. What do the words mean? The boy asked the teacher . The boy asked the teacher what the words meant. . 从句为一般疑问句时，连接词用whether 或if,
句子成分及基本句型 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 （一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： （1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语） （5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语） （二）谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样” 谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） We study hard. （行为动词作谓语） We don’t finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语） （三）宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语） She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语） We often help him.（代词作宾语） He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语） We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语） 说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2：及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物 间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如：give, show（给……看），bring, pass, buy等。如：（1）Our teacher tells us a story. （2）The sun gives us light. 间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后，在表示“人” 间接宾语前加“to”的有： give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise（答应）, refuse（拒绝）等。 间接宾语加“for”的有： make, buy, do, get, play, order（命令）, sing, pay等 （1）I give him a book. 改成：