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牛津英语8Bunit1重点知识归纳(经典)

牛津英语8Bunit1重点知识归纳(经典)
牛津英语8Bunit1重点知识归纳(经典)

8B Unit 1

一.精选词汇

㈠重点短语

1. the changes to Sunshine Town阳光镇的变化→the changes to……的变化 (p8)

〈知识链接〉change n.变化,常用复数changes。 e.g. Great changes have taken place

since 1995.

2. in the southern part of town →in the southern part of…在…的南部→south →

southern

〈知识链接〉east东部→eastern东部的, west →western, north →northern

3. in the past在过去→at present现在→in the future未来;将来,注意这些短语中的

介词和冠词。

4. turn the place into a park →turn…into…把…变成…

〈知识链接〉①Heat turns water into vapor.热使水变成蒸气。②Turn this sentence into English.

5. play cards and Chinese chess打牌、下象棋,e.g. It’s pleasant to play cards and

Chinese chess.

6. water pollution水污染→air pollution空气污染,noise pollution噪音污染 (p9)

〈知识链接〉Water pollution was a problem before.

7. used to dump its waste into water →used to do sth过去常做某事,注意否定式、

疑问式的形式

〈知识链接〉⑴used to do sth →否定式used not to do sth或didn’t use to do sth

→疑问式Did sb use to do sth?或Used sb to do sth? ⑵There be和used to合用的形

式为There used to be。

根据要求进行句型转换:She used to teach history. ①否定式:She used teach history.或She didn’t teach history. ②疑问式: she teach history?或Did she teach history?

〈用法拓展〉⑴be used to do sth=be used for doing sth被用于做某事,e.g. Stamps are

used to send letters.=Stamps are used for sending letters. ⑵be/become/get used to

sth习惯于某事,be/become/get used to doing sth习惯于做某事,e.g. ①My grandma used

to live in the city but now she has got used to the country life. ②Tom is used to

getting up early.

8. in some ways在某种程度上;在某些方面→in this way以这种方式

9. feel a bit lonely from time to time →from time to time=at times=sometimes

有时;不时地

〈知识链接〉⑴a bit+形容词原级或比较级=a little+形容词原级或比较级,有点…

⑵a bit of+不可数名词=a little+不可数名词 e.g. a bit of water=a

little water

〈用法拓展〉not a little=very非常,not a bit=not…at all一点也不

10. throw away扔掉…→“动词+副词”结构,e.g. throw it/them away

11. have an interview with sb=interview sb采访某人;对某人面试;与某人面谈 (p12)

〈知识链接〉①My parents have had an interview with my teacher. ②They interviewed

20 people for the job. ③There are a number of interviews with some famous football players.

12. the best model I have ever seen 我曾见过的最好的模型 (p17)

〈知识链接〉the+形容词最高级+名词单数+sb have/has ever done,某人曾做过的最…

的…

the most wonderful film (that) he has ever watched他看过的最精彩的比赛

〈用法拓展〉⑴ever通常用于疑问句中或否定句中。e.g. ①Have/Has sb ever done sth?

②Nobody ever stepped in this cavern.没人曾经踏进过这洞穴。

⑵ever since…自从…起到现在(用于现在完成时),for ever=forever永远;永久地

13. move into the new flats→move into…搬进…,move out of…搬出… (p18)

14. lend me a book→lend sb sth=lend sth to sb把某物借给某人,是“借出”。

〈知识链接〉borrow sth from sb向某人借某物,是“借入”。

15. a recent photo一张近期照片,write about the changes to Moonlight Town (p21)

16. a tourist attraction旅游胜地→attraction n. 吸引;向往的地方→attract vt.吸引→attractive有吸引力的①It has become a new tourist attraction. ②Hepburn’s beauty and charm attracted Colette’s attention.

㈡词汇解析

1. 常见的交通工具:bike/bicycle, bus, double-decker双层巴士, coach长途汽车, tram 有轨电车, taxi, train, underground, light rail轻轨, plane, hot-air balloon热气球, aero done滑翔机

2. Using a dictionary: The words in a dictionary are in alphabetical order from “A”to “Z”. This helps us find the words we want quickly. If two words starts with the same letter, we look at the second letter to decide the alphabetical order. If the first two letters of two words are the same, we look at the third letter, and so on.

e.g. The word “ball” comes before the word “banana”.

3. century=one hundred years世纪;百年。⑴某世纪用序数词。如:21世纪the twenty-first century。⑵“在某世纪”用介词in,如:in the 20th century在20世纪。

二. 重点句型

1. —Eddie, have you seen my food? —Yes, I’ve just eaten it. (p6)

2. You’ve changed, Eddie. You were kind. Now you’re not. I don’t want to play with you any more.

3. You’ve changed too. You always wanted to play with me. →always+过去式=used to do sth

4. Coaches have been in use/service in Beijing since 1958. →have been in use=have been used

5. I moved here with my family when I was two years old and have lived here since then. (p8)

6. Have you ever moved house? →move house搬家

7. We lived till 1965, when I got married. →get married结婚→get/be married to sb 与某人结婚

〈知识链接〉⑴marry sb与某人结婚,e.g. She married a football player. ⑵marry sb to sb把某人嫁给某人,e.g. He married his daughter to an actor. ⑶get/be married to sb和某人结婚,e.g. Yao Ming got married to Ye Li on 6 August, 2007. ⑷表示“已经结婚”用have/has got married,表示“已经结婚多久”用have/has been married for+时间段或since+时间点。e.g. ①They have got married. ②They have been married for 5 years.不能说成They have got married for 5 years.

〈用法拓展〉marriage n.婚姻e.g. They will celebrate their fifty years of marriage

next month.

8. Has Sunshine Town changed a lot over the years? →change a lot变化大

〈知识链接〉over the years=in the last/past years这些年来,这是现在完成时的一个

标志。

9. There once was a shoe factory…. →There once was/were…=Once there was/were…

从前有…。

10. Later, the government realized it was a very serious problem and took action to reduce the pollution. →take action to do sth采取行动做某事,reduce the pollution

减少污染 (p9)

〈知识链接〉⑴action ①(拍摄影视时用语)开始②动作,e.g. action film动作片,action star动作明星

⑵a very serious problem非常严重的问题→problem(需要着手解决的)问题;难题,question(需要回答的)问题 e.g. solve a Maths problem, answer my question

11. It is different for him to see some of them as often as before. (p12)

〈知识链接〉⑴It is+adj.+for sb to do sth. ⑵as often as before像以前一样经常

→as…as…

12. Things have changed a lot over the years.=Great changes have taken place over the years.

13. When I was in primary school, my mother took me to school. → take sb to school

送某人上学

14. I have the same feeling too. Do you sometimes stay after school to chat with friends? (p19)

15. The changes to Moonlight Town have brought advantages, but they have also caused many problems for people. (p22)

〈知识链接〉⑴bring advantages to …给…带来好处,advantage优点;有利条件→disvantage缺点;不利条件⑵cause problems for…给…带来麻烦

三语法

语法:现在完成时

现在完成时:表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果。它经常与never, just, before, yet, already, ever。连用其中already用在陈述句中。在疑问句或否定句中常用ye t

代替already.

I have already done my homework.

Has Jim called yet?

表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在,可能还将延续下去,经常与for, since 引导的时

间状语连用,此时动词必须具有延续性。

The old man has died for two years.(错)

The old man has been dead for two years. (对)

陈述句一般疑问句否定句

I have read … Have you read… I haven’t read…

He has read… Has he read… He hasn’t read…

疑难题导析

①He has never _______ a pen before.

A. lose

B. to lose

C. lost

D. losing

解析答案为C。本题主要考查现在完成时态对谓语动词的要求。现在完成时态谓语动词的结构是have (has)+过去分词。本题空白处需要填过去分词,这样,A、B、D都不对。

②误:My aunt has arrived in Hefei for two weeks.

正:My aunt has been in Hefei for two weeks.

正:My aunt arrived in Hefei two weeks ago.

解析:本题主要考查谓语动词与时间状语的搭配关系,终止性动词一般不能和表示长度的时间状语连用,遇此情形,要么改变谓语动词,要么改变时间状语和时态。

③误:The twins have not got home already.

正:The twins have not got home yet.

解析:本题主要考查yet与already的用法区别,两个词都是副词,常与完成时态连用。yet 用于否定句和疑问句,通常置于句尾;already 常用于肯定句,当用于疑问句时,表示惊讶或希望得到肯定的答复,不用于否定句中,它可以在主要动词之前,也可置于句末。

④Jim has been at the factory_________ two years ago.

A. for

B. since

C. before

D. after

解析:答案为B。本题主要考查时间状语与谓语的关系。for后跟时间段表示一段时间,since 后跟时间的起点,表示一段时间,before 表示在什么时间之前,after则表示在什么时间之后。本句是完成时态,指自两年前以来如何,且两年前是个时间的(起)点,因此,此处应用since.

⑤误:I saw the film twice already.

正:I’ve seen the film twice already.

解析:本题主要是一般过去时态与现在完成时态的概念错误。这电影我已看过两遍,说明我现在对电影内容很了解,故要用现在完成时态。

⑥______you _____ your watch?

-----No, ______.

A. Did, find out, I didn’t

B. Have, found, not yet

C. Have, looked for, I haven’t

D. Did, find, not yet

答案选“B”。全句应用现在完成时,强调到现在为止的情况“是否找到了手表”,答语;Not yet 相当于说 I haven’t found it yet.

⑦I have never seen the film ______.

A. ago

B. just now

C. before

D. later

答案选“C”。动词时态为现在完成时,与之搭配的词必须是ever, never, already, yet, before, recently 等词。而 ago, just now 等只能用于一般过去时的句子中,用later意思不通。

⑧Aunt Li _________ her hometown for a long time.

A. has left

B. left

C. has gone to

D. has been away from

答案选“D”。与for a long time搭配的动词应该表示延续性, go, leave是短暂动词,故不能选。

【典型例题】

一. 在下列句子中选用already \ ever \just \never \yet \before 填空.

1. I know a little about England because I have __________been there.

2. Have you ________seen this kind of flower? No, never.

3. I’m full. Thank you very much. I’ve ______had my lunch.

4. Have you lost your bike____________?

5.You have already finished your work, but I haven’t________.

答案:

1. already/just

2. ever

3. just/already

4. yet

5. yet

二. 用 have \has been to 与have (has) gone to 填空:

1. Where’s Jim? He ____________ England.

2. _________you ever ____________America? No, never.

3. They ________never ___________ the Great Wall.

4. Mr Green isn’t here. He ________Nanjing for a meeting.

5. Where_________ you _____? I ____ just _____ the library.

6. A: Where are Kate and Ann?

B: They _____ China.

A: _______ they ever _______ there before?

B: No, never.

答案:

1. has gone to

2. Have, been to

3. have, been to

4.has gone to

5. have been; have, been to

6. have gone to; Have, been

三. 仿照例句, 进行句型转换:

例:He came here two days ago.

He has been here since two days ago.

①They left Nanjing in 1990.

②I came to China three years ago.

③My brother joined the army last year.

④My father joined the Party in 1960.

⑤Mr Green began to teach in China in 1993.

⑥They started to live in Beijing in 1999.

⑦His father bought a car the year before last.

⑧The meeting began half an hour ago.

答案:

①They have been away from Nanjing since 1990.

②I have been to China since three years ago.

③My brother has been in the army since last year.

④My father has been in the Party since 1960.

⑤Mr Green has taught in China since 1993.

⑥They have lived in Beijing since 1999.

⑦His father has had a car since the year before last.

⑧The meeting has been on since half an hour ago.

四. 将下列句子改成否定句和一般疑问句并作回答.

1. I have seen a film recently.

2. He has forgotten the little of the text.

3. They have visited Hong Kong before.

4. You have been to the USA a few times.

5. Mike has called to tell you that.

.

五. 按要求进行句型转换.

1. The train has already arrived. (改为一般疑问句 )

_________ the train _______ _________?

2. The Whites have lived in China since three years ago. (划线部分提问)

______ ______ have the Whites lived in China?

3. I have learned English for 3 years. (划线部分提问)

_______ ______ ______ you learned English?

4. Uncle Jack left his hometown ten years ago. (同义句)

Uncle Jack ______ ____ ____ from his hometown ______ ten years.

5. The old man died 3 years ago. (同义句)

______ _______ _______ since the old man died.

6. They have known each other two years. (同义句)

They _____ _____ ______each other two years ago.

答案:

1. Has, arrived yet

2. How long

3. How long

4. has been away, for

5. It’s 3 years

6. began to know

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牛津英语上海版八年级下课本知识重点

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