中考英语语法专题练习-名词
一、词形转换
1. (.原创)You’d better keep these ________ between us forever. (secret)
2. (.原创)For getting a better job，we should develop our interests and always learn more ________. (skill)
3. (.原创)Grandma went to the market and bought some meat, eggs and ________ for lunch. (tomato)
4. (.原创)The boy sat at the back of the classroom, so he couldn't see the ________ on the blackboard clearly. (word)
5. (.原创)Linda is very ________. She never tells a bad word about others. (friend)
6. (.原创)As we all know, China is an ________ country with a long history. (east)
7. (.预测)I feel ________ in my back，but I don't know what's wrong with it. (pain)
8. (.预测)I am ________ to have the chance to attend such an important meeting. (luck)
9. (.预测)It is ________ today, so we can't see the sun. (cloud)
10. (.预测)Although the ________ grandmother is already 70 years old, she still looks very young. (girl)
二、短语翻译
1. (.原创)I go to school by ________________ every day, because my home is far from the school. (校车)
2. (.原创)We all know that ________________ are made to keep order on the road. They also help to keep people safe. (交通规则)
3. (.原创)The problem of ________________ has become a hot topic in our society. (食品安全)
4. (.原创)He was late for school because of the ______________ the day before yesterday. (暴雨)
5. (.预测)He got ________________ in the exam because he had studied hard. (好成绩)
6. (.预测)Reading should be a ________________ for everyone of us. (终身旅程)
三、单项填空
1. (.广东)Daniel has tried to lose ________ by eating less recently, but two kilos has been put on instead.
A. weight
B. weights
C. height
D. heights
2. (.南京 )—I go swimming every day.
—Wow! That's a good ________. It keeps you healthy.
A. match
B. task
C. habit
D. dream
3. (.乌鲁木齐)If you can speak English well, you will have a great ________ over others when
looking for a job.
A. activity
B. article
C. attention
D. advantage
4. (.日照)The TV show Letters Alive brings back people's ________ of writing to each other.
A. ideas
B. hobbies
C. styles
D. memories
5. (.武汉)—I wonder if you've made a decision on the project, Eric.
—Not yet. I can't make it until I have first-hand ________ on prices.
A. news
B. knowledge
C. information
D. education
6. (.沈阳)These light bulbs look the same, but their ________ on the environment are different.
A. solutions
B. methods
C. effects
D. secrets
7. (.宿迁)—Could you give me a few ________ on how to spend the coming summer holiday?
—OK. Let me see.
A. hobbies
B. knowledge
C. suggestions
D. information
8. (.襄阳)—The government is trying to develop winter sports for the 2022 Winter Olympics.
—No wonder people are showing more ________ in them.
A. warmth
B. interest
C. victory
D. standard
9. (.徐州)The artist received high ________ from the art community for these sculptures.
A. praise
B. prize
C. price
D. pride
10. (.凉山州)—How far is your home from the train station?
—It’s about 20 ________ walk.
A. minute
B. minutes
C. m inute’s
D. minutes’
11. (.兰州改编)There are a lot of ________ on the grassland. And a sheep-dog is sitting next to them.
A. sheepes
B. sheep
C. sheeps
D. dog
12. (.咸宁改编)Zheng He was a Ming dynasty ________. He succeeded in sailing to the east coast of Africa.
A. tourist
B. teacher
C. inventor
D. explorer
13. (.贵阳改编)There is a ________ in my neighborhood and I often go there to see tigers.
A. zoo
B. bank
C. school
D. library
14. (.昆明盘龙区二模)—It's everyone's ________to make China stronger and stronger.
—I agree. Let's work hard to make it.
A. duty
B. chance
C. chores
D. ability
15. (.大理下关四中模拟)These books must be ________， because he likes reading them.
A. Jerry
B. Jerrys
C. Jerry's
D. belong to Jerry
16. (.原创)—Could you tell me something about the boy who helped you just now?
—Sorry, I know nothing about him. We are ________.
A. friends
B. neighbors
C. classmates
D. strangers
17. (.原创)________ makes us feel good about ourselves and makes everything around us very positive.
A. Worry
B. Excuses
C. Mistakes
D. Happiness
18. (.原创)My uncle is a warm-hearted man and he is always happy to help other ________.
A. people
B. child
C. person
D. babies
19. (.原创)Wow! There are so many ________ taking part in this match on a snowy morning.
A. women player
B. women players
C. woman players
D. woman player
20. (.原创)In autumn，you can see a lot of ________ on the ground.
A. leaf
B. tree
C. leaves
D. trees
21. (.原创)—I have decided to take part in the sports meeting even I have been ill for days.
—Wish you a ________.
A. failure
B. fun
C. happiness
D. success
22. (.原创)Young man, don't sit there for daydreaming. No one can achieve anything without ________.
A. effort
B. standard
C. experience
D. pride
23. (.原创)—I think the dragon is a ________ of China. Do you think so?
—I agree with you.
A. symbol
B. situation
C. promise
D. shape
24. (.原创)—Finding information is not a big deal today.
—Well, the ________ is how we can tell whether the information is useful or not.
A. courage
B. damage
C. challenge
D. knowledge
25. (.原创)—What is Tony like?
—He is helpful. He often gives people a ________ when they are in need.
A. reply
B. gift
C. hand
D. reason
26. (.原创)—I have great ________ in learning physics and I'm so worried. Could you help me?
—Sure, I'd love to.
A. interest
B. fun
C. trouble
D. question
27. (.原创)In the north of China, it is a (an) ________ to have dumplings in the Spring Festival.
A. custom
B. effort
C. manner
D. purpose
28. (.原创)Some people ride bikes to work to reduce ________ pollution.
A. water
B. air
C. soil
D. noise
29. (.原创)Just search the Internet, you can get almost all the________ you need.
A. suggestion
B. information
C. picture
D. story
30. (.原创)—It's dangerous here. We'd better go out quickly.
—But I think we should let ________ go out first.
A. woman and children
B. women and child
C. woman and child
D. women and children
31. (.原创)In order to look after themselves better, teenagers should try to improve their living ________.
A. styles
B. activities
C. skills
D. actions
32. (.原创)—It's useful for the deaf and dumb people to learn body language.
—Yes，it's a major way of ________ for them.
A. suggestion
B. vacation
C. production
D. communication
33. (.预测)—Mom, I'm hungry. Is there anything to eat?
—Here's some________.
A. water
B. orange
C. bread
D. juice
34. (.预测)—Are there any ________ on the farm?
—Yes, there are some.
A. horse
B. duck
C. chicken
D. sheep
35. (.预测)They are ________ rooms. How beautiful they are!
A. John and Kate
B. John and Kate’s
C. John’s and Kate
D. John’s and Kate’s
36. (.预测)Yesterday evening we had a wonderful party at ________.
A. Peter and Helen's
B. Peter and Helen
C. Peter and Helens
D. Peter's and Helen's
37. (.预测)You'd better ask your teacher to give you some ________ about the problem.
A. advice
B. plans
C. reports
D. place
38. (.预测)Today, we have many other ________ to pay besides coins and paper money.
A. excuses
B. ways
C. chances
D. plans
39. (.预测)If you work harder, you will have another ________ to play the violin at the concert.
A. chance
B. problem
C. mistake
D. ability
一、1. secrets 【解析】句意：你最好永远保守我们之间的秘密。空前有these修饰，且secret是可数名词。故填secrets。
2. skills 【解析】句意：为了得到一份更好的工作，我们应该培养我们的兴趣，并且不断地学习更多的技能。空前有more修饰，名词应用复数形式。故填skills。
3. tomatoes 【解析】句意：奶奶去市场为午饭买了一些肉，鸡蛋和西红柿。空前有some修饰，可数名词应用复数。故填tomatoes。
4. words 【解析】句意：男孩坐在教室的后面，所以他看不清黑板上的字。根据常识可知字不止一个所以应该用复数。故填words。
5. friendly 【解析】句意：琳达非常友善。她从来不说别人的坏话。分析结构可知缺少形容词做表语。故填friendly。
6. eastern 【解析】句意：众所周知，中国是一个有着悠久历史的东方国家。需此处填一个形容词修饰名词。故填eastern。
7. painful 【解析】句意：我感到背疼，但我不知道怎么了。feel是系动词后接形容词作表语。故填painful。
8. lucky 【解析】句意：我很幸运能有机会参加如此重要的一个会议。分析句子结构可知缺少形容词作表语。故填lucky。
9. cloudy 【解析】句意：今天多云，所以我们看不到太阳。缺少形容词做表语。故填cloudy。
10. girl's 【解析】句意：尽管这个女孩的奶奶已经七十岁了，然而她看起来却非常年轻。根据句意可知表示女孩的，应用名词所有格。故填girl's。
二、1. school bus 【解析】句意：我家离学校远，所以我每天坐校车去学校。校车school bus。
2. traffic rules 【解析】句意：我们都知道，制定交通规则是为了维持道路上的秩序。它们也帮助保护人们的安全。交通规则 traffic rule，由谓语动词are可知此处应用名词复数形式，故填traffic rules。
3. food safety 【解析】句意：食品安全问题在我们的社会上已经成为一个热门话题。食品安全food safety。
4. heavy rain 【解析】句意：前天因为暴雨他上学迟到了。暴雨heavy rain。
5. good grades 【解析】句意：他在考试中取得了好成绩，因为他学习很努力。好成绩good grades。
6. life-long journey【解析】句意：阅读对于我们每个人来说都应该是一次终身旅程。终身旅程life-long journey。
三、1. A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析和单复数。句意：丹尼尔最近通过少吃来努力减________，但反而增加了两公斤。根据句意可知此处用短语lose one's weight表示减肥，其中的weight是不可数名词，没有复数形式，故选A。
2. C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意为“我每天去游泳。”“哇！那是一个好________。它会让你保持健康。”match比赛，火柴；task任务；habit习惯；dream梦想。根据语境可知每天游泳是一个好习惯。故选C。
3. D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你能很好地说英语，在找工作时你会比别人有很大的________。activity 活动；article文章；attention注意；advantage优势。根据句意可知表示优势。故选D。
4. D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意为：电视节目《见字如面》唤起了人们给彼此写信的________。ideas想法；hobbies爱好；styles风格；memories记忆。根据句中的关键词“brings back”可知是记忆，故选D。
5. C 【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。句意：“艾瑞克，我想知道你做好关于这个项目的决定了吗？”“还没有，在我得到第一手价格________之前我没法做决定。”news新闻；一般指通过媒体向大众发布的社会各方面的最新消息；knowledge了解，知识；information信息，通常指在阅读、观察、谈话或书信往来中的消息；education教育。根据句意可知此处表示“第一手价格信息”。故选C。
6. C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些灯泡看起来是一样的，但是它们对环境的________是截然不同的。solutions解决办法； methods 方法； effects影响； secrets秘密。根据句意可知此处是指“对环境的影响”。故选C。
7. C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意为：“你能告诉我一些关于怎样度过即将到来的暑假的________吗？”“可以，让我想想。”hobbies爱好；knowledge知识；suggestions建议；information信息。根据a few可知，此处用可数名词复数形式，排除B、D项。分析语境可知此处要求给出一些怎样度过暑假的建议。故选C。
8. B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“政府为了2022冬奥会正在努力开展冬季运动。”“难怪
人们对它们表现出更多的________。”warmth温暖；interest兴趣；victory胜利；standard标准。根据句意应该是“难怪人们对它们感兴趣”。故选B。
9. A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意为：这个艺术家因为这些雕塑获得了艺术协会的高度________。praise赞扬；prize奖品；price价格；pride自豪。一个艺术家因为他的雕塑要么是获得艺术协会的奖品，要么是获得艺术协会的赞扬，故排除C、D两项；又因为prize是可数名词，空格前没有冠词a，而且prize 不能用high来修饰，故此处指获得了艺术协会的高度赞扬。故选A。
10. D 【解析】考查名词所有格的用法。句意：“从火车站多远？”“你家到从步行约20分钟的路程。”空格前有基数词20修饰，其后的名词应用复数形式，故填minutes，但空格处指代的是20“分钟的”步行，所以用名词所有格形式。故选D。
11. B 【解析】考查主谓一致以及不定冠词。句意为：草地上有很多________。一只牧羊犬在它们旁边坐着。根据There are可知第一空应用名词复数形式。sheep 绵羊，单复数同形；故选B。
12. D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意为：郑和是明朝的一位________。他成功地航行到了非洲的东海岸。tourist游客；teacher老师；inventor发明家；explorer探险家。根据后句语境及常识可知郑和是一位探险家，故选D。
13. A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我家附近有一个________而且我经常去那里看老虎。zoo 动物园；bank银行；school学校；library图书馆。由后面关键词tigers可知，我家附近应有动物园。故选A。
14. A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“让中国越来越强大是每个人的________。”“我同意。让我们努力去实现它吧。”duty职责；chance机会；chores日常家务；ability能力。根据常识可知建设祖国人人有责，故选A。
15. C 【解析】考查名词所有格的用法。句意：这些书一定是杰瑞的，因为他喜欢读书。根据句意可知表示所属关系，应用名词所有格。故选C。
16. D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“你能告诉我一些关于刚刚帮助你的那个男孩的事情吗？”“不好意思，我一点也不了解他，我们是 ________。”friends朋友；neighbors邻居；classmates 同班同学；strangers陌生人。根据我对他不了解可知我们是陌生人。故选D。
17. D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：________使我们对自己感觉良好，并且使你身边的所有都变得积极起来。Worry担忧；Excuses借口； Mistakes错误；Happiness幸福。根据谓语动词makes可知用名词单数，所以排除B，C项。又由句意可知是幸福让我们有这种感受。故选D。
18. A 【解析】考查名词同义辨析及单复数。句意：我叔叔是个热心肠的人，他总是乐意帮助其他________。people 人们；child 小孩；person人；babies婴儿。句中other“其他的”后接可数名词复数，根据语境可知是帮助其他人，故选A。
19. B 【解析】考查名词单复数。句意：哇，在这下雪的清晨，有这么多女运动员参加比赛。名词修饰名词中，man、woman随着后面的名词的单复数的变化而变化，many许多，修饰名词复数，故选B。
20. C 【解析】考查名词的单复数与词义辨析。句意：秋天，你可以在地上看到很多的________ 。
根据句意可知表示树叶。a lot of 后跟可数名词复数。故选C。
21. D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“即使病了好久我也决定参加这次的运动会。”“希望你________。”failure失败；fun乐趣；happiness快乐；success成功。根据句意可知表示希望你成功。故选D。
22. A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：年轻人，不要一天坐那儿做白日梦，不________没有人会成功。effort努力；standard标准；experience经历；pride骄傲。根据句意可知表示没有努力就不会成功。故选A。
23. A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我认为龙是中国的________。你这样认为吗？”“我同意。”symbol 象征；situation 形势；promise 诺言；shape 形状。根据句意及题干分析可知此处是表示龙是中国的象征，故选A。
24. C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“如今发现信息并不是一件大事。”“________是我们如何辨别信息是否有用。”courage 勇气；damage 损害； challenge 挑战；knowledge 知识。根据句意及题干分析可知应是挑战的意思，故选C。
25. C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“托尼是一个怎样的人？”“他乐于助人，他经常帮助有需要的人。”reply回答；gift礼物；hand 手；reason原因。固定搭配：give sb. a hand给予某人帮助，故选C。
26. C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我在学习物理上有很大________，我很担心。你可以帮助我吗？”“当然可以，我很乐意。”interest 爱好；fun有趣的事情； trouble困难；question 问题。结合句意可知此处是指有很大的困难，固定搭配：have trouble in doing sth.，故选C。
27. A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在中国北方，春节吃饺子是一个________。custom习俗；effort 努力； manner礼仪；purpose目的。根据句意及题干分析此题应是习俗的意思，故选A。
28. B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了减少______污染，一些人骑自行车去上班。water 水；air 空气；soil 土壤；noise噪音。根据句意及生活常识可知，汽车会造成空气污染，而骑自行车能减少空气污染。故选B。
29. B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：仅仅上网查，你就能搜到你需要的所有 ________ 。sugguestion建议；information信息；picture图画；story故事。根据句意此处指信息。故选B。
30. D 【解析】考查名词单复数。句意“这里危险，我们最好马上出去。”“但是我认为应该先让________离开。”此处不上一个妇女和儿童所以应用复数。woman的复数是women；child的复数是children。故选D。
31. C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了能更好的照顾自己，青少年们应该要尽量提高他们的生存________。styles 风格；activities 活动；skills技能；actions 行动。根据句意及题干分析此题应是提升技能的意思，故选C。
32. D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“聋哑人学习肢体语言是很有用的。”“是的，这是他们________的一种主要方式。”suggestion 建议；vacation 假期； production 生产；communication 交
流。根据句意及题干分析此题应是交流的意思，故选D。
33. C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“妈妈，我很饿，有什么东西可以吃吗？”“这里有一些________。”water 水；orange 橘子；bread 面包；juice果汁。some可修饰可数名词和不可数名词，前面的is提示后面接的是不可数名词，再根据句意及题干分析，想要的是填饱肚子的东西，故选C。
34. D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析及单复数。句意“农场里有________吗？”“是的，有一些。”根据are和some可知应用名词复数。故选D。
35. D 【解析】考查名词所有格的用法。句意：它们是________房间。它们多么漂亮呀！根据“They are”可知是两个人各自的房间。故选D。
36. A 【解析】考查名词所有格的用法。句意：昨天晚上我们在彼得和海伦的家办了个很棒的聚会。根据a wonderful party可知是双方共同拥有的。故选A。
37. A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析及单复数。句意：你最好就这个问题请求老师给你一些________。advice 建议；plans计划；reports报告；place地方、场所。根据句意可知表示给予一些意见。advice 是不可数名词。故选A。
38. B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在除了硬币和纸币外，我们还有许多其他的________付钱。excuses借口，理由；ways方式，方法；chances机会，运气；plans 计划。根据句意及题干分析此题应是方式的意思，故选B。
39. A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你更加努力，你还会有________在音乐会上演奏小提琴。chance机会；problem 问题；mistake 错误；ability能力。根据句意及题干分析此题应是演奏小提琴的机会，故选A。