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鲁教版初一英语下知识点汇总

鲁教版初一英语下知识点汇总
鲁教版初一英语下知识点汇总

鲁教版初一英语下知识点汇总

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【教学过程】 Step1

1.when 引导的疑问句

在when 引导的疑问句中,when 被称作特殊疑问词,这种问句被称作特殊疑问句。when 是疑问副词,用于询问时间,意为“什么时候”。其句型结构为“特殊疑问词when+一般疑问句”。例如:

When is your birthday?你的生日是什么时候?

注意:英语中,特殊疑问句的答语一般不用yes 或no 。 2.序数词

表示次序的数词叫序数词,是由基数词变化而来的。 1 one -----first 2 two------second 3 three----third

其余的序数词是由基数词后加-th 变化而来。 几个特殊变化的序数词 1 five----fifth 2 twelve----twelfth 3 eight----eighth 4 nine----ninth

整十的序数词把 y 变成 i 加-e th 1 twenty----twentieth 2 thirty----thirtieth 3 forty----fortieth 4 fifty -----fiftieth

几十几的序数词,十位数不变,个位数变成序数词。

英语主题 语法点 重点句型

重点单词

重点短语

Unit 1 When is your birthday? 1.when 引导的疑问句

2.序数词

3.名词所有格

1.My birthday is...我的生日是。。。

2.When is one's birthday?。。。的生日是什么时候?

3.How old are you/ is he/is she?你/他/她多大了?

4.I'm ....year(s) old.我。。。岁了。

When 、1到12月

(january 、february 、March 、April 、May 、June 、July 、August 、September 、October 、November 、December )序数词(first 、second 、third 、fifth 、twelfth )festival 、Chinese

1.生日快乐happy birthday

2.演讲比赛 speech contest

3.几岁 how old

4.出生日期 date of birth

5.生日聚会 birthday party

6.学校庆祝日 School Day

7.V olleyball game 排球赛

1. twenty-one 21----twenty-first 21st

2.thirty-two 32-----thirty-second 32nd

3.ninety-nine 99----ninety-ninth 99th

Step2

1.名词所有格

英语名词所有格有两种:'s属格和of属格。 1.名词的所有格表示名词的所有关系,有两种形式。A.由名词后加's或' 构成,多用来表示有生命的人或动物。B.由介系词of加名词构成,多用来表示无生命的人或动物。

(1)'s所有格的用法:

a)主要用于有生命的名词,例如:my brother's books, Mary's boyfriend, shee p's skin.

b)用于地理、国家机关、城市等名词,例如:Beijing's future, the government's dec ision.

c)用于时间、价值、距离、重量等名词,例如:today's assignment, ten dollars' wort h, five miles' distance, twenty pounds' weight.

d)表示理发店、商店等名词或一些习惯用法,例如:at the butcher's, at one's wit's end.

(2)of所有格的用法:主要用于表示无生命的名词,例如:the door of the house, a ma p of China.

(3)双重属格的用法:主要用来表示人的所有关系,例如:a friend of my brother's, two plays of Shakespeare's, some children of Mr. Brown's, these ideas of yours, th ose dirty shoes of James'.双重属格的名词前不能用the和one来修饰。

(4)特殊所有格若一样东西为两人共有,后一个人名用所有格;如果不是两人共有,而是各有各的,则两个名词都用所有格,且其后名词应为复数。

例如:The woman dressed in blue is Mary and Alice's mother.You should find what the difference between Mr. Smith's and Mr. Black's cars is.

举个例子:

I walked too much yesterday and____ are still aching now.

A) my leg's muscles B) my muscles of leg

C) my leg muscles D) my muscle's of the leg

本题为名词作定语,不用所有格形式,故正确答案为C。

类似的用法还有:a woman doctor, a straw hat, a paper cover.

2.相关中考题

(1)(2011年雅安)September is _____month of the year.

A ninth

B nine

C the nine

D the ninth

解析:考查序数词的用法。句意为:9月是一年中的第9个月份。强调第九个月,用序数词,序数词,序数词前加the。所以选D the ninth

(2)(2011年宿迁)I was born_____the morning ____February 25th 1997.

A in;of

B on;in

C in;in

D on;of

解析:考查介词的用法。具体到某天的早、午、晚用of。所以选D on;of

(3)(2011年广西)There ____more cars now in our country.

A have

B are

C is

D has

解析:考查there be 句型。There be表示”有“,不能用there have。句中的主语是more cars,可数名词的复数形式,所以选B. are

【教学过程】 Step1

一般现在时

一般现在时是表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态。一般现在时用行为动词的原形,但第三人称单数作主语时,动词的词尾要加-S 。(一般的动词词尾+S 。以sh/ch/s/x 结尾的词+es.以辅音字母Y 结尾的把Y 变成i ,+es 。辅音字母+o 结尾的+es.) 形式:主语+动词原形+宾语

用法:1.表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 2.表示主语具备的性格、能力和特征。 3.表示现在的状态。

4.表示客观事实和普遍真理。

5.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替将来时。

6.表示预先计划或安排好的行为。

7.小说故事用一般现在时代替一般过去时。

8.有些表示状态和感觉的动词表示现在发生的具体行为时,只用一般现在时,而不用进行时态。

9.表示现在发生的具体动作或存在的状态 一般现在时的用法:

(1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语有: always, usually,regularly,every morning/night/evening/day/week,often,sometimes,occasionally,from time to time,twice a week,rarely,seldom,once a month hardly ever,never. I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

(2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实的时候用一般现在时 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.

Unit 2 Do you want to go to a movie?

一般现在时 1.Do you want to go to a movie?你想去看电影吗?

2.What kind of movies do you/does he/she like?你、他、她喜欢什么样的电影?

3.I like.....but I don't like...我喜欢。。。而不喜欢。。。

4.Some thing(s) is/(are) +adj.某某是怎样的

go v.去

movie n.电影 comedy n.喜剧 documentary n.纪录片

thriller n.恐怖电影或小说

race n.比赛;竞争 laugh n.笑

detective n.侦探 adj.侦探的

new adj.新的;最新的

kind n.种类 opera n.歌剧

1.go to a movie 去看电影

2.action

movie 动作片 3.Beijing Opera 京剧 4.我最爱的演员 my favourite actor

5.在周末 on weekends

6.学习有关。。。的知识 learn about

7.一部很成功的电影 a very successful movie

(3)表示格言或警句中。

Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例:Columbus proved that the earth is round..

(4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。

I don't want so much.

Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.

(5).表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的事。

He starts next week.

他下个星期出发。

We leave very soon.

我们很快就离开。

The train starts at 10 o'clock in the morning.

火车将在早上10点开出。

这类用法限于表示“移动”的动词:go去,come来,leave离开,start出发,begin开始,arrive到达,take off起飞,等。

一般现在时Be动词情况

am,is,are也可以做一般现在时的助动词

例如:I am a student.

一般现在时表将来:

(1)下列动词:come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return,live,fly的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.

When does the bus start? It starts in ten minutes.

(2)倒装句,表示动作正在进行,如:

Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.

There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.

(3)在时间或条件句中。

When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.

I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.

(4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。

I hope they have a nice time next week.

Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.

Step2

1.I want to see an action movie.我想看一部动作片。

see, look, watch与read的区别

look,see,watch,read,这四个词都有“看”的意思,但是“看”法不同:

look指集中注意力地看,是有意的,强调“看”的动作。单独使用时,用来引起对方的注意;如果跟宾语,要和at连用。例如:

Look! Tom is over there.看!汤姆在那儿。

Look at the blackboard, please.请看黑板。

see强调“看”的结果,意为“看见、看到”。例如:

How many birds can you see in the tree?你能看到树上有多少只鸟儿?

watch强调“专注地看”,有欣赏的意味,常用于看电视、看球赛等。例如:

Do you watch TV at night?你晚上看电视吗?

read指“看”时实指“阅读”,常用于看书、看报等。例如:

I like reading at home.我喜欢在家看书。

2.相关中考题

1.【2011重庆】Betty will ring me up when she _______ in Beijing.

A. arrive

B. arrives

C. arrived

D. will arrive

答案B

解析:考查动词时态。时间状语从句中,如果主句和从句的动作都发生在将来,从句时态要用一般现在时表示将来。故选B。

2.【2011?兰州】The population of the world still now.

A. will; grow

B. has; grown

C. is; growing

D. is; grown

答案:C

解析:现在进行时态的用法。句意“现在世界的人口数量还在不断增长”,因此选C

3.【2011湖南怀化】Listen, our teachers ______ Red Songs in the next room.

A. sang

B. are singing

C. sings

答案:B

解析:动词时态。listen是现在进行时的标志,得出答案B。

4.【2011桂林】Look! The boys _______ football on the playground.

A. plays

B. play

C. are playing

D. played

答案:C

解析:动词的时态的用法。在句首出现look,listen等表示引起注意的词,动词用现在进行时,表示正在发生的动作。因此选C

5.【河北省2011】I my homework, I guess I can't join you.

A. don't finish

B. didn't finish

C. haven't finished

D. won't finish

【答案】A

解析:考查现在完成时。句意为“我猜想我不能加入你们,因为到现在我还没有完成作业”,从过去时间一直持续到现在,用现在完成时态表示。故选C。

6 【2011四川南充】Today is Women's Day. My father and I________ a special gift for my mother now.

A. make

B. made

C. are making

答案:C

解析:考查动词时态。由时间状语now知,应该用现在进行时态。

7.【2011广西崇左】----Where is Michael?

----He ____ TV at home, I think.

A. watches

B. watched

C. is watching

D. was watching 解析:C 考查点:考察时态。解题思路:根据句意:Michael在哪里?我想他在家……。句问的是现在的情况,所以问句应该回答现在的动作。故用现在进行时态,其结构是be(is/am/are)+doing。故选C。

【教学过程】 Step1

1.情态动词can

(1)表能力,意为“会,能”,例如: I can speak English.

(2)表推测(惊讶、怀疑,不相信的态度),意为“可能”,一般用于否定句和感叹句中。是本能上的推测。例如: Can this be true?

This can't be done by him.

(3)表示请求,允许,意为“可以”例如: Can you come to the movies with us on Friday?

(4)表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)例如: They hall can hold 500 people at least. 2.Can she speak English?

辨析:speak,say,talk 与tell 的区别

这四个动词都有“说话”的含义,含义,但侧重点和具体的用法各不相同。

speak 比较庄重,表示某人(即讲者)在一段对话中所说的话较其它人多。 例如:

Tom, your boss wants to speak to you.

Talk 不及speak 庄重,而且多用于说话,少用于书写。 Talk 表示两个或更多的人在对话。 例如:The students were talking loudly in the classroom, in the very presence of the teacher. 当宾语是一种语言时,要用 speak 不用 talk 或 say : 例如: Victor speaks fluentPutonghua.

在书面英语, talk 极少用作及物动词,除非在 talk 后接用以下的宾语: Stop talking nonsense.

Unit 3 Can you play the guitar?

情态动词can 1.Can you .....+动词原形 你会。。。吗? —No, I can't./Yes,I can.

2.I want to join the ...club.我想加入。。。俱乐部。

3.What club do you want to join?你想加入什么俱乐部?

4.Please call sb. At..请给某人打电话,电话号码是。。。

guitar n.吉他

join v.参加;加入 swim v.游泳 sing v.唱;唱歌 chess n.国际象棋 paint v.画画

speak v.说;说话 piano n.钢琴 trumpet n.喇叭 violin n.小提琴 musician n.音乐家rock n.摇滚乐

band n.乐队 v.用带捆扎、缠绕

show n.演出;表演 Sunday n.星期日 1.学校公演school show 2.少许 a little 3.加入棋社 join the chess club 4.说英语 speak English

5弹吉他 play the guitar

6.在星期天 on Sunday

7.帮助某人做某事 help sb (to)do sth

8.善于与孩子相处 be good with

They are talking business again.

若不是接用上列的宾语,talk 后必需接用前置词about。

例如:Betty and Susan are talking about the trip to London.

Say通常跟讲者所说的话一起使用,不论是直述句或陈述句:

Please say hello / thank you to your mum.

What did your father say when you told him about your plan to get married? 'I cant believe it,' he said.

He said that he could not believe it.

可是,say 有时也可用于一些非直述句或陈述句中。

例如:I want you to say something about how we met at our wedding party.

注意something about how we met并不是用于引述别人所说的真实语句。

另一方面,tell 并不是用于引述别人所说的话语,而是表达别人的说话中所述的事实或资料:

He told me about the accident.

He told his parents the truth.

He told us a funny story.

在陈述命令句中,应用tell 而不用say:

'Keep quiet,' the teacher said to the students.

The teacher told the students to keep quiet.

Step2

1.Can you help kids with swimming?

help 用法

1. help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事。例如:

Can you help me to learn English ? 你能帮助我学英语吗?

I can't help you to lift this stone. 我不能帮你搬这块石头。

2. be of some/ no/ much help to sb. 对某人有些/ 没有/ 很有帮助。例如:

This book is of great help to me. 这本书对我很有帮助。

Is this magazine of any help to you ? 这本杂志对你有些帮助吗?

3. help oneself (to )自用(食物等)。例如:

Help yourself to the fish. 请随便吃鱼。

Please help yourself to some pork. 请随便吃点肉。

4. help sb. into/ out of 搀扶某人进入/ 走出。例如:

He helped the patient out of the hospital. 他搀扶病人走出了医院。

Can you help the patient into the hospital ? 你能搀扶病人进医院吗?

5. help sb. out 帮助某人克服困难,渡过难关、解决问题、完成工作。例如:

When I'm in trouble, he always helps me out with money. 每当我处境困难时,他总是用金钱帮助我渡过难关。

Please help me out with this problem. 请帮我解这道试题。

6. with the help of 在……帮助下。例如:

With the help of her, he found his lost child. 在她的帮助下,他找到了失踪的小孩。

7. help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事。例如:

Please help me with my French. 请帮我学法语。

Can you help him with this work ? 你能帮助他完成这项工作吗?

8. help to do sth. 有助于做某事。例如:

This program helps to improve our English. 这个计划有助于我们提高英语成绩。

His speech helps to understand the policy. 他的演讲有助于理解这个政策。

9. 还有can't 与help的用法

can't help do sth 没有能力去帮助...做某事.

can't help doing sth 情不自禁做某事

2 相关中考题

(1) (2009·苏州中考) It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _______ be rather cold sometimes.

A. must

B. can

C. should

D. would

【解析】选B 句意“我家乡三月天通常会很暖和,但是有时候会相当冷。Can 表能力“会”,所以选B. can

(2)(2009·泰安中考) -Listen! Is Professor Johnson giving a report in the hall?

-No, it be him. He has gone to Japan.

A. needn’t

B. may not

C. mustn’t

D. can’t

【解析】选D。本题考查can’t表示否定的推测。四个选项都是情态动词的否定形式,分别意为“不能;不可能”、“千万不能”、“应该”、“可以;可能”。结合关键信息“He has gone to Japan.”可知“他不可能是约翰教授”应选D。

(3)(2009重庆市) –Can you play the piano?

-Yes, I _______. I often practice it on weekends.

A. needn’t

B. need

C. can’t

D. can

【解析】选D。以can 引导的一般疑问句再作肯定回答时还是用can。

(4) (2009·北京市) -______ you swim?

-Yes, but I’m not a good swimmer.

A. Can

B. May

C. Need

D. Must

【解析】选A。考查情态动词can的用法。结合题意“你会游泳吗?”“是的,但是我不是一个好游泳员”可排除B、C、D三项,选A。

5. (2008·长沙中考) -Is Lucy knocking at the door?

-No. It ________ be Lucy. She is in Japan now.

A. needn’t

B. must

C. can’t

【解析】选C。考查情态动词can’t表示推测的用法。can’t表示否定的推测;must表示肯定的推测。由题意“不可能是露西,她现在在日本”可知应选C。

初一英语语法及主要知识点归纳总结

初一英语语法及主要知 识点归纳总结 Pleasure Group Office【T985AB-B866SYT-B182C-BS682T-STT18】

初一英语知识点归纳总结 分类:英语学习 Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from 一.短语: 1 .be from = come from 来自于---- 2. live in 居住在--- 3. on weekends 在周末 4 .write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信;写信给某人 5 .in the world 在世界上 in China 在中国 6.pen pal 笔友 14 years old 14岁 favorite subject 最喜欢的科目 7.the United States 美国 the United Kingdom 英国 New York 纽约 8.speak English 讲英语 like and dislike 爱憎 9.go to the movies 去看电影 play sports 做运动 二.重点句式: 1 Where’s your pen pal from = Where does your pen pal from/ 2 Where does he live 3 What language(s) does he speak 4 I want a pen pal in China. 5 I can speak English and a little French. 6 Please write and tell me about yourself. 7 Can you write to me soon 8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports. 三.本单元的国家,人民、语言对应。 1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French 2 France------ French------French 3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese 4 Australia----Australian----- English 5 the United States------ American---- English 6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish Unit 2 Where’s the post office 一. Asking ways: (问路) 1.Where is (the nearest) …… (最近的)……在哪里 2.Can you tell me the way to …… 你能告诉我去……的路吗 3.How can I get to …… 我怎样到达……呢 4.Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood 附近有……吗 5.Which is the way to …… 哪条是去……的路 二.Showing the ways: (指路) 1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿着这条街一直走。 2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二个路口向左转。 3. You will find it on your right. 你会在你右手边发现它。 4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 离这里大约一百米远。 5. You’d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交车去。(You’d better+动词原形)

完整版初中英语语法大全知识点总结

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