英美文学选读考题精编

串讲（1）I. Multiple Choice: (40 points, 1 point for each)

e.g. Shakespeare‘s greatest tragedies are the following works except ____.

A. Hamlet

B. King Lear

C. Romeo and Juliet

D. Othello Ans: C. (P33)

II. Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 points for each)

e.g. ―Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;/Destroy and Preserver‘ hear, O hear!‖

Que: A. Identify the poem and the poet. B. What is the "Wild Spirit"? C. What does the "Wild Spirit" destroy and preserve?

Ans: A: Shelly‘s "Ode to the West wind" 雪莱的《西风颂》 B. The West wind: "breath of Autumn‘s being‖.

C. It destroys things /thoughts / idea that are dead, it preserves new life. (or seeds that represent new life or new birth.) (P211)

III. Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 points for each)

e.g. "My boy!" said the old gentleman, learning over the desk. Oliver started at the sound. He might be excused for doing so, for the words were kindly said, and strange sounds frighten one. He trembled violently, and burst into tears." (Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist)

Que: Explain why the boy (Oliver Twist) started first, then trembled violently and burst into tears when the words were ―kindly‖ said.

Ans: The boy started at the words because kind words were not expected; it was the first time in all his life that the boy (Oliver Twist) had been ―kindly‖ greeted; strange sounds may predict another suffering/misfortune/torture…) (At least one example from the text..)

IV. Topic discussion (20 points in all, 10 points for each)

Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.

e.g. Mark Twin presented the 19th century American in his own unique way. Que: Discuss Twain‘s art of fiction: the setting, the language, and the characters, etc., based on his novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

Ans: A. Mark Twain uses the Mississippi alley as his fictional kingdom, writing about the landscape and people, the customs and the dialects of one particular region, and therefore known as a local colorist. B. He creates life-like characters, especially the unconventional Huckleberry Finn, who runs away from civilization and stands opposite to conventional village morality. C. He uses a simple, direct vernacular language, totally different from any precious literary language. It is the kind of colloquial language belonging to the lower class, the living local American English. D. He has created a special humor to satirize social injustice and the decayed convention.

串讲（2）Part One: English Literature Chapter I An Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature & The Renaissance Period

I. Choose: 1. Dr. Faustus is a play based on the _____legend of a magician aspiring for ____ and finally meeting his tragic end as a result

of selling his soul to the Devil. A. British/ immorality B. French/money C. German/knowledge D. American/political power Ans: C (P21)

2. _____, is a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons.

A. Wife‘s Complaint

B. Beowulf

C. The Dream of the Rood

D. The Seafarer Ans: B (P1)

3.It‘s Chaucer alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English Society in his masterpiece____. A. The Canterbury Tales B. The Legend of Good Women C. Troilus and Criseyde D. The Romaunt of the Rose. Ans: A (P4)

4. The Essence of Renaissance, the most significant intellectual movement, was_____.

A. Geographical exploration

B. Religious reformation

C. Publishing and translation

D. Humanism. Ans: D (P8)

5. ―Prince Arthur‘s greatest mission is his search for Gloriana, with whom he has fallen in love through a love vision.‖ The two figures come from_____. A. Paradise Lost B. Dr. Faustus C. The Faerie Queene D. Hamlet Ans: C (P13)

6. In ―Sonnet 18‖, Shakespeare______. A. Meditate on the destructive power of time and eternal beauty by poetry.

B. Satirize human‘s vanity.

C. Predict the eternity of love.

D. Eulogize the power of the beauty. Ans: A (P37)

7. ____ gave new vigor to the blank verse with his ―mighty lines‖ and make ?blank verse‘ the principle vehicle of expression in drama.

A. Surrey

B. Wyatt

C. Marlowe

D. Sidney Ans: C (P21)

8. Shakespeare‘s greatest tragedies are the following works except___. A. Hamlet B. King Lear C. Romeo and Juliet D. Othello Ans: C (P33)

9. The Renaissance refers to between 14th----mid-17th century, which was under the reign of Queen___ and absolute monarchy in England reached its summit, and in which the ?real mainstream (真正的文学主流)‘ was ____.

A. Victoria/poetry

B. Elizabeth/ drama

C. Mary/ novel

D. James/ drama Ans: B (P11)

10. In The Legend of Good Women, Chaucer used for the first time in English the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter, which is to be called

later____. A. The Spenserian stanza B. The heroic couplet C. The blank verse D. The free verse Ans: B (P5)

11. The Redcrosse Knight in ―The Faerie Queene‖ stands for_____, and Una stands for_____.

A. bravery/ chastity

B. holiness/ truth

C. error/ delivery

D. true gentleman/ lady. Ans: B (P16)

12. Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the characteristics of Renaissance?

A. Rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture.

B. Attempt to remove the old feudalist ideas in Medieval Europe.

C. Exaltation of man‘s pursuit of happiness in his life, and tolerance of man‘s foibles.

D. Praise of man‘s efforts in soul delivery and personal salvation. Ans: D (P7)

13. ―The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune‖ is an example of ___. A. Metaphor B. Simile C. Irony D. Personification Ans: A (P55)

14. _____ introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.

A. Anglos/ Saxons

B. Normans/ Anglo-Saxons

C. Greeks/ Romans

D. Romans/ Normans Ans: B (P11)

15. It is ___ alone who, for the first time in English literature presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.

A. Edmund Spenser

B. Geoffrey Chaucer

C. William Shakespeare

D. John Donne Ans: B (P4)

16. The following belong to the characteristics of ?metaphysical poetry‘ represented by ?John Donne‘ except___.

A. Conceits

B. Actual imagery and simple diction

C. Argumentative form

D. Elegant style Ans D (P63)

17. Paradise Lost is actually a story taken from____.

A. Greek Mythology

B. Roman legend

C. The Old Testament

D. The New Testament Ans: C (P73)

18. In ―Paradise Lost‖, Satan says ―We may with more successful hope resolve/ To wage by force or guile eternal war, / Irreconcilable to our grand Foe‖ What does the ―Eternal war‖ mean? A. To remove God from his throne B. To burn the Heaven Down

C. To corrupt God‘s creation of man and woman---Adam and Eve

D. To beguile into a snake to threaten man‘s life Ans: C (P71, P75)

19. _____, the first of the great tragedies, is generally regarded as Shakespeare‘s most popular play on the stage, for it has the qualities of

a ―blood-and-thunder‖ thriller and a ?philosophical exploration‘ of life and death.

A. The Merchant of Venice

B. Hamlet

C. King Lear

D. The Winter‘s Tale Ans: B (P33)

20. It was ___and ___ the two conquests that provided the source for the rise and growth of English literature.

A. Anglos/ Saxons

B. Normans/ Anglo-Saxons

C. Romans/ Normans

D. Greeks/ Romans Ans: B (P1)

21. Paradise Lost is ___‘s masterpiece, which is an epic in 12 books, written in blank verse, about the heroic revolt of Satan against God‘s authority. A. John Donne B. Christopher Marlowe C. John Milton D. Edmund Spenser Ans: C (P71)

22. The following description fit into Milton ?except‘_____.

A. a great revolutionary poet of the 17th century

B. an outstanding political pamphleteer

C. a great stylist and master of blank verse

D. a kind of elegant and refine style. Ans: D (P70---73)

23. _____is not written by John Milton. A. Samson Agonistes B. Paradise Lost C. Paradise regained D. Tamburlaine Ans: D (P71)

24. Marlow‘s greatest achievement is that he perfected the ?blank verse‘, and he is regarded as ?the pioneer of English drama‘, which of the following is not written by him? A. Tamburlaine B. The Jew of Malta C. The Passionate to His Love D. The Sun Rising Ans: D (P20)

25. ____Essays is the first example of that genre in English literature, which has been recognized as an important landmark in the development of English prose. A. John Milton‘s B. Francis Bacon‘s C. Montaigne‘s D. Thomas Gray‘s Ans: B (P58)

26. _____Was known as ―the poets‘ poet‖. A. William Shakespeare B. Edmund Spenser C. John Donne D. John Milton Ans: B (P15)

27. ―And we will make thee beds of roses / And a thousand fragrant posies/ A cap of flowers, and a kirtle/ Embroidered all with leaves of myrtle.‖ The above lines are probably taken from______. A. Spenser‘s The Faerie Queene

B. John Donne‘s The Sun Rising

C. Shakespeare‘s Sonnet 18

D. Marlow‘s The Passionate Shepherd to His Love. Ans: D (P28)

28. Which of the following statement best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare‘s Sonnet 18?

A. The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature.

B. The speaker satirizes human vanity.

C. The speaker praises the power of artistic creation.

D. The speaker meditates on man‘s salvation. Ans: C (P37)

II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:

1. ―For herein Fortune shows herself more kind Than is her custom. It is still her use To let the wretched man outlive his wealth,

To view with hollow eye and wrinkled brow An age of poverty; from which ling‘ ring penance Of such misery doth she cut me off‖Que: 1.Identify the title of the works and author. 2.Explain ―from which…cut me off‖. 3.What happened to him, which caused the words? Ans: 1)The lines are from ―The Merchant of Venice‖, William Shakespeare. (P48) 2) This sentence means she, ?Lady Fortune(命运女神)‘, is more kind to him because she is taking away both his wealth and life. 3) The speaker is Antonio, it‘s said that his ship have all been lost, and he is penniless, and will have to pay the pound of flesh. (Because Shylock has made a strange bond that requires Antonio to pay him a pound of flesh if he can‘t repay him the money that he borrowed for his friend in due time.) (P38)

2. ―Read not to contract and confuse, not to believe and take for granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider‖

Que: 1)Identify the work and author. 2)What idea does the passage express?

Ans: 1) The sentence comes from ―Of Studies‖ written by ?Francis Bacon‘. (P61) 2) The Sentence talks about the proper way to read: When you read, don‘t be puzzled by the content of the book; don‘t take it for granted; don‘t quote too much from the book; before accepting its idea, you‘d better think about its shortcomings and consider it from all sides.

3. ―Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow‘st; Nor shall death brag thou wander‘st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow‘st: So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

Que: 1) Where does the poem comes from? Who wrote it? 2)What does ―eternal lines‖ mean? 3)Interpret it briefly.

Ans: 1) The poem is ―Shall I Compare thee to a Summer‘s Day‖, by Shakespeare. (P38) 2) Eternal lines means the lines of the poem and other sonnets. (P38) 3) It means: you will not lose your beauty, and death will not threaten you with darkness, either. As long as man can live in the world, they will see your beauty in my lines of my poem, which has given you eternal life. (Or A nice summer‘s day is usually transient, but the beauty in poetry can last for ever. (P37)

4. ―…All is no lost: the unconquerable will, And study of revenge, immortal hate, And courage never to submit or yield:

And what is else not to be overcome?...... Irreconcilable to our grand Foe‖

Que: 1) Please identify the poem and the poet. 2) Interpret ―all is not lost‖. 3) What does the whole passage mean?

Ans: 1) It is taken from John Milton‘s ―Paradise Lost‖.(P74) 2) ―all is not lost‖ is the word from Satan----Satan and other angels rebel against God, but they are driven from Heaven into hell. In the fire of the hell, Satan is determined to fight back, just like what he says: not all is lost, the unconquerable will, the deep hatred, and the courage to fight till death still remain. (P71) 3) This passage shows Satan‘s will not to submit (服从), and the desire to long for freedom; to beg God for mercy and worship his power is more shameful and disgraceful than the downfall.(P71) 5. ―If he be not apt to beat over matters, let him study the lawyer‘s cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.‖

Que: 1)What does ―beat over matters‖ mean? 2)What does ―receipt‖ refer to? 3)From which essay does the above sentences come, what

is the essay mainly about? Ans: 1)It means: make through examinations of things. (P63) 2) ―Receipt‖ refers to cure, prescription. (P63) 3)The sentences are from ―Of Studies‖ (Francis Bacon). It is the most popular of bacon‘s essays. It analyzes what studies chiefly serve for, the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies, and how studies exert influence over human character. (P60—61)

6. ―What, is great Mephistophilis to passionate For being deprived of the joys of heaven? Learn thou of Faustus manly fortitude

And scorn those joys thou never shalt possess. ……Say he will spare him Four and twenty years Letting him live in all voluptuousness Having thee ever to attend on me…Que: 1)Identify the passage and author; 2) ―Say he surrenders up to him his soul‖, who will surrender his soul? What for? 3)Who are thee? What will he do? Ans: 1) The passage comes from ―Dr. Faustus‖ written by Christopher Marlowe. (P25—26) 2) Dr. Faustus will surrender his soul to devil. Because he was a great scholar who has a strong desire to

?get knowledge‘ in vain, finally he ?made a bond‘ to sell his soul to Devil in return for 24 years of life in which he may get anything he desires. (P22) 3) The ―thee‖, refers to ―Mephistophilis‖, the Devil‘s servant. He helped Dr. Faustus to do anything he wants. (P22)

7. ―Busy old fool, unruly sun, Why does thou thus, Through windows and through curtains call on us?‖

Que: 1)Identify the work and author. 2)What idea does the passage express?

Ans: 1)The passage comes from ―The Sun Rising‖, written by ?John Donne‘. (P66) 2) The speaker questions the sun‘s authority and speaks condescendingly, placing the sun in the status of a subordinate. In the lover‘s kingdom, the sun has no right to dictate the time of day or the passing of seasons. His presence in their bedchamber is an intrusion on their privacy.

III. Questions and answers: 1.How do you know about Renaissance? Give a summery about English literature in the period? (No more than 150 words) Ans: 1).The Renaissance refers to the period between 14th----mid-17th century. It first started in Italy. 2).The Renaissance

means rebirth or revival---the discovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. 3) In essence, The Renaissance is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars tried to get rid of the old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie/middle class, and to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of Roman Catholic church. 4).Humanism is the essence of Renaissance ----Man is the measure of all things. The humanism exalted/praised human nature and emphasized the dignity of human beings and the present life. They thought man had the right to enjoy the beauty of life and had the ability to perfect himself and made wonders, which got ready for the appearance of the great Elizabethan writers in Britain. Poetry and drama were the most outstanding literary forms. 5).Shakespeare, Marlowe and Francis Bacon etc. were the remarkable representatives of the English Renaissance.(P7---12)

2. Please give a brief analysis of Hamlet‘s ―To be or not to be‖ soliloquy (独白).

Ans: ―To be or not to be‖ is ?a philosophical exploration of life and death‘. The soliloquy condemned the hypocrisy and treachery and general corruption of the world, and revealed the character of Hamlet---so ?speculative, questioning, contemplative and melancholy./gloomy‘. It was not because he was not able to take action to revenge, but because of his ?hesitative/hesitant character‘, when the chance for action came, it seemed defeat. It can be interpreted as: Hamlet bears the heavy burden of the duty to revenge his father‘s death, he is forced to live in the suspense of facts and fiction, language and action. He considers that it would be better to ?commit suicide‘, but being scared of what might happen to him in the afterlife. So he put off the thing because of the sin. He considers the plan carefully only to find reason for not carrying it out. The soliloquy conveys ?the sense of world-weariness (厌世)‘ . (P33-34)

3. What common features do the characters share in Marlow‘s works? (No more than 150 words)

Ans: The creation of The Renaissance hero is one of Marlow‘s contributions. 1)Such a hero is always individualistic and full of ambition, facing bravely the challenge from god and men. They had human dignity and capacity, trying to get heaven/highest ideas on the earth by their own efforts. 2)For example: Tamburlaine is a character written by Marlowe. By depicting a great hero with high ambition and sheer brutal

forc4e in conquering, Marlowe voiced the supreme desire of man for infinite/ limitless power and authority. In Dr. Faustus, Marlowe celebrated the human passion for knowledge, power and happiness. 3) Tamburlaine and Dr. Faustus are typical in owning such Renaissance spirit, Tamburlaine, being a cruel conquer, found happiness in conquering other kingdom. Only death could defeat him. While Dr. Faustus, a more introspective and philosophical figure, had high spirit for knowledge but he had sin for having despair in God and trust in Devil. (P20—22)

4. What are the main themes of Shakespeare‘s plays?

Ans: Shakespeare‘s plays are divided into 3 types: comedies, tragedies and historical plays. 1) His historical plays are with the theme----- national unity under a might and just sovereign/ruler is necessary. 2)In his romantic comedies, he takes an optimistic attitude toward love friendship and youth. 3)In his tragedies, Shakespeare always portrays some noble heroes, who faces the injustice of life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of his nation. Each hero has his weakness of nature. We also see the conflict between the individual and the evil force in the society. And his major characters are always individuals representing certain types.

5. Please comment on the character of Satan in ―Paradise Lost.‖

Ans: Satan is a rebellious figure against God in literature, defeated, he and his rebel angels were cast into hell. However, Satan refused to accept his failure, swearing that ―all was not lost‖ and that he would revenge for his downfall. The freedom of the will is the keystone of Satan‘s character, which was the important spirit of the rising middle class. While he tempted Adam and Eve, which proved his evilness.

6. What are the characteristics of the Humanism?

Ans: 1) ?Humanism‘ is the essence of Renaissance. 2)Humanists see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise (轻视) but to ?question, explore, and enjoy‘.

3)They also believe that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders (创造奇迹). (P8)

串讲（3）Chapter 2 The Neoclassical Period I. Choose the right answers:

1. ____brings Henry Fielding the name of the "Prose Homer".

A. The Pilgrim‘s Progress

B. Tom Jones

C. Robison Crusoe

D. Colonel Jack Ans: B (P122)

2. Alexander Pope worked painstakingly on his poems and finally brought to its last perfection ______Dryden had successfully used in his plays.

A. the heroic couplet

B. the free verse

C. the blank verse

D. the Spenserian stanza Ans: A (P92)

3. Of all the 18th century novelists ___was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specially a "comic epic in prose."

A. Henry Fielding

B. Daniel Defoe

C. Jonathan Swift

D. John Bunyan Ans: A (P120)

4. ____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language.

A. Genesis A

B. The Holy War

C. The Pilgrims progress

D. Exodus Ans: C (P85)

5. In which of the following works can you find the proper names "Lilliput", "Brobdingnag", "Houyhnhnm" and "Yahoo"?

A. The Pilgrim‘s Progress

B. The Faririe Queene

C. Gulliver‘s travels

D. The School of Scandel Ans: C (P108)

6. "As shades more sweetly recommend the light, So modest plainness sets off sprightly wit; For works may have more wit than does‘em good As bodies perish through excess of blood." In the above lines, Pope tries to sat that_______.

A. more wit will make better poetry

B. plainness is more important than wit in poetry

C. too much wit will destroy good poetry

D. plainness will make wit dull Ans: C (P93-94)

7. The Rape of the Lock by Alexander Pope is written in the form of a mock____, which describes the triviality of high society in a grand style.

A. epic

B. elegy

C. sonnet

D.ode Ans: A (P92)

8. Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Samuel Johnson‘s language style?

A. His sentences are long and well structured.

B. His sentences are interwoven with parallel words.

C. He tends to use informal and colloquial words.

D. His sentences are complicated, but his thoughts are clearly expressed. Ans: C (P132)

9. "The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power, And all that beauty, all that wealth e‘er gave, Awaits alike the inevitable hour. In the above quoted passage, Thomas Gray intends to say that great family, power, beauty and wealth___________.

A. will never make people lead to the same destination----paths of glory.

B. will inevitably make people realize their glorious dreams

C. are the very best things to lead people to their glories

D. will never prevent people from reaching their final destination--grave. Ans:D(P154)

10. ____has been regarded by some as "Father of the English novel" for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.

A. John Bunyan

B. Henry Fielding

C. Daniel Defoe

D. Johnathan Swift Ans: B (P121)

11. ____was very much concerned with the theme of the vanity of human wishes and tried to awaken men to this folly and hoped to cure them of it through his writing. A. Samuel Johnson B. Jonathan Swift C. Richard Brinsley Sheridan D. Thomas Gray Ans: A (P132)

12. ____was the only important dramatist of the 18th century, in his plays, morality is the constant theme.

A. Alexander Pope

B. Richard Brinsley Sheridan

C. Samuel Johnson

D. George Bernard Shaw Ans: B (P136)

13. As the representative of the Enlightenment, Pope was one of the first to introduce___ to England.

A. Rationalism

B. Criticism

C. Romanticism

D. Realism Ans: A (P91)

14. The Rivals and ____are generally regarded as important links between the masterpiece of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw.

A. The School for Scandal

B. The Duenna

C. Widower‘s Houses

D. The Doctor‘s Dilemma Ans: A (P137)

15. ____is a sharp satire on the moral degeneracy(道德沦丧) of the aristocratic-bourgeois society in the 18th century England.

A. The Rivals

B. Gulliver‘s Travels

C. Toms Jones

D. The School for Scandal Ans: D (P138)

16. The poem "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" by Thomas Gray is regarded as the most representative work of _____.

A. The Metaphysical School

B. The Graveyard School

C. The Gothic School

D. The Romantic School Ans: B (P152)

17. _______, written in heroic couplet by Pope, is considered manifesto of English Neoclassicism.

A. An Essay of Dramatic Poetry

B. An Essay on Criticism

C. The Advancing of learning

D. An Essay on Freedom Ans: B (P93)

18. ______is a typical feature of Swift‘s writings.

A. Elegant style

B. Causal narration

C. Bitter satire

D. Complicated sentence structure Ans: C (P107)

19. In the following writings by Henry Fielding, which brings him the name of the "Prose Homer"?

A. The Coffee---House Politician.

B. The Tragedy of Tragedies.

C. The History of Tom Jones, A Foundling.

D. The History of Amelia. Ans: C (P120)

20. "Hold! See whether it is or not before you go to the door----I have a particular message for you if it should be my brother." The two sentences are found in ____. A. The School for Scandal B. The Rivals C. The Critic D. The Scheming Lieutenant Ans: A (P139)

21. In terms of Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard, which is wrong? A. The author employs metaphor in this poem.

B. The author excessively expresses his personal melancholy.

C. Here he reveals his sympathy for the poor and the unknown.

D. He mocks the great ones who despise the poor and bring havoc on them. Ans: B (P152-153)

22. The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver‘s Travels are________.

A. horses that are endowed with reason.

B. pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualities

C. giants that are superior in wisdom.

D. Hairy, wild, low and despicable creatures, who resemble human beings not only in appearance but also in some other ways. Ans: A (P108) II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:

1. "Words are like leaves; and where they most abound, Much fruit of sense beneath is rarely found. False eloquence, like the prismatic glass,

Its gaudy colors spreads on every place; The face of Nature we no more survey, All glares alike, without distinction gay."

Que: 1) Identify the author and the passage; 2) Name the devices used in the passage with examples; 3) Explain "Words….found".

4) What is the mainly implied idea of the passage? Ans: 1) The passage is from Pope‘s "An Essay on Criticism". (P94) 2) In the passage

the author used "Simile" the device, e.g. "Words are like leaves" and "false eloquence, like the prismatic glass‘ etc. 3) The sentence means: Where/When too many words are used, they seldom express much sense. 4) The passage implies authors shouldn‘t stress too much the artificial use of Conceit or the external beauty of language, they should pay special attention to True Wit, which is best set in the plain style. (just as too many leaves will cover the fruits, too gaudy/ showy glass will hide the face the Nature, too false and eloquent language will hide

the Wit in the articles.)

2. "Let not Ambition mock their useful toil, Their homely joys, and destiny obscure; Nor Grandeur hear with a disdainful smile. The short and simple annals of the poor. The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power, And all that beauty, all that wealth e‘er gave, Awaits alike the inevitable hour. The paths of glory lead but to the grave." Que: 1) Identify the author and the works; 2) What does "the inevitable hour"?

3) Explain the first stanza; 4) What does the whole passage imply. Ans: 1) This is Thomas Gray‘s "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard". 托马斯·格雷的《写在教堂墓地的挽歌》(P154) 2) "The inevitable hour" means time of death. (P156) 3) The first stanza means: The men with ambition and high position shouldn‘t laugh at the ordinary people for their simple life and hard work. 4) In the passage,

the poet reflects on the death----no matter how poor or wealthy, or how important and humble, every is equal before death, the author gives much sympathy to the poor and unknown (P153)

III. Questions and answers: 1.Please analyze the Neoclassical period and the characters of the literature.

Ans: 1)The Neoclassical period is about 1660-1798, also known as "the Age of Enlightenment" or "the age of Reason". 2)Its background was: a. It was an age full of conflicts and difference of values; b. It was an age of fast development for English to become the first powerful capitalist country in the world; c. It was an age of economic development, in which bourgeois/middle class grew rapidly. 3)In essence, the Neoclassical Period was a progressive intellectual movement. 4)The Enlighteners believed in self-restraint, self-reliance and hard work; They celebrated reason/rationality, equality and science. They advocated universal education, which could make people rational and prefect, they believed.

5)In literature, The Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the ancient Greek and Roman classical works; the

works at the time, heavily didactic and moralizing; having fixed laws and rules for every type of the literature; among which prose and the modern English novel predominated the age. (At the end of the age sentimentalism and Gothic Novel appeared.) 6) The age was an important age with the remarkable authors Pope, Defoe, etc.

2.Please cite examples from "Gulliver‘s Travels" to explain briefly how did Swift criticized and allude to the government and the society.

Ans: 1)In the first part of the "Gulliver‘s Travels", Swift described the tricks and practices in the competition held before royal members to allude to the fact that the success of the officials was not for their wisdom and excellence but for their skills in the games; 2)In the part 4 of the book, Swift made horses with reason and good qualities. The citizens who are "hairy, wild, low and despicable brutes, who resemble human beings not only in appearance but also in almost every way" to criticize/satirize all respects of the English and European life, and urge people to consider the nature of the human and life. (P108-109)

3. People always say that: "As a member of the middle class, Defoe spoke for and to the members of his class" .How do you understand this sentence? Please explain it with the character of him.

Ans: 1) In most of his works, Defoe gave his praise to the hard-working, sturdy middle class and showed his sympathy for the lower-class people. Robinson Crusoe was such a character. 2) Robison goes out to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned/landed on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24 years there and finally is saved by a ship and returns to England. During the period Robinson leads a harsh and lonely life and survives by growing corps, taming animals, etc. growing from a naive young man into a hardened man. 3) With a great capacity for work, inexhaustible

energy (精力充沛), courage and persistence in overcoming difficulties（在克服困难方面持之以恒）, in struggling against nature, Crusoe becomes the prototype / representative of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist. （他是大英帝国缔造者的完美典范，同时也是殖民者的先驱）. 4) In the novel, Defoe glorified human labor and the puritan fortitude which the middle class praised highly, so he can be regarded as a spokesman of the bourgeois. (P98-100)

串讲（4）Chapter 3 The Romantic Period I. Choose the right answer:

1. The Romantic Movement expressed a more or less______ attitude toward the existing social and political conditions.

A. positive

B. negative

C. neutral

D. indifferent Ans: B (P160)

2. It is _____who established the cult of the individual and championed the freedom of the human spirit.

A. Jean Jacques Rousseau

B. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

C. Edmund Burke

D. Thomas Paine Ans: A (P157)

3. The two major novelists of the English Romantic Period are _____and Walter Scott.

A. Washington Irving

B. Jane Austen

C. Herman Melville

D. Charles Dickens Ans: B (P165)

4. ___defines the poet as "man speaking to men," and poetry as "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected in tranquility." A. William Blake B. William Wordsworth C. Samuel Taylor Coleridge D. John Keats Ans: B (P161)

5. For the Romantics, ____is not only the major source of poetic imagery, but also provides the dominant subject matter.

A. love

B. man

C. nature

D. death Ans: C (P162)

6. In the Romantic period, ____is the most prosperous literary form. A. prose B. poetry C. fiction D. play Ans: B (P161)

7. The tone of literature in "Song of Experience" by William Blake is _______.

A. doleful

B. lively

C. plain

D. utter Ans: A (doleful: 悲哀的P168-169)

8. ____is regarded as a "worship of nature". A. John Keats B. William Blake C. William Wordsworth D. Jane Austen Ans: C (P176)

9. Which of the following writings is not created by William Wordsworth?

A.I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud.

B. Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802.

C. The Solitary Reaper.

D. The Chimney Sweeper. Ans: D (P179---182)

10. Wordsworth’s short poems can be classified into two groups: poems about nature and poems about________.

A. love

B. human life

C. freedom

D. social activities Ans: B (P176)

11. "Don Juan" is Byron‘s masterpiece, a great __of the early 19th century. A. comedy B. tragedy C. comic epic D. novel Ans: C (P194)

12. In his lyrics such as "Ode to Liberty", "Ode to Naples", Percy Bysshe Shelly expressed his love for_____ and his hatred toward tyranny.

A. the middle class

B. the poor

C. freedom

D. the proletariat Ans: C (P207)

13. "Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere; / Destroy and Preserver; hear, O hear!" The two lines are found in_____.

A. Young Goodman Brown by Hawthorne

B. Ode to the West Wind by Shelly

C. Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman

D. Ulysses by Joyce Ans: B (P212)

14. In Shelly‘s "To a Skylark", the bird, suspended between reality and poetic image, pours forth an exultant song which suggests to the

poet________. A. both celestial rapture and human limitation B. both image creation and profound meaning

C. both music and words

D. both inspiration and skills of writing Ans: A (P206)

15. The author of "Ode on a Grecian Urn" is __________. A. Wordsworth B. Austen C. Byron D. Keats Ans: D (217)

16. Jane Austen‘s first novel is _____. A. Pride and Prejudice B. Sense and Sensibility C. Emma D. Plan of a Novel Ans: B (P222)

17. In terms of Pride and Prejudice, which is not true? A. Pride and Prejudice is the most popular of Jane Austen‘s novels.

B. Pride and Prejudice is originally drafted as "First Impressions".

C. Pride and Prejudice is a tragic novel.

D. In this novel, the author explores the relationship between great love and realistic benefits. Ans: C (P223-225)

18. After reading the first chapter of Pride and Prejudice, we may come to know that Mrs. Bennet is a woman of_______.

A. simple character and poor understanding

B. simple character and quick wit

C. intricate character and quick wit

D. intricate character and poor understanding Ans: A (P227)

19. Romanticism is a period of British literature roughly dated from _________.

A.1660-----1798

B.1798----1832

C.1483-----1546

D.1836-----1901 Ans: B (P157)

20. Which of the following is the Gothic novel? A. Shelly‘s Prometheus Unbound B. Keats‘ Lamia

C. Mary Shelly‘s Frankenstein

D. Jane Austen‘s Pride and Prejudice Ans: C (P166)

21.The lines "It was a miracle of rare device,/ A sunny pleasure dome with caves of ice" are found in__________.

A. Samuel Taylor Coleridge‘s "Kubla Khan"

B. William Wordsworth‘s Lines Written in Early Spring"

C. John Keats‘s "Ode to Autumn"

D. Percy Bysshe Shelly‘s "Ode to the West Wind" Ans: A (P190---191)

22. Which of the following is taken from John Keats‘ "Ode on a Grecial Urn"?

A."I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!"

B."They are both gone up to the church to pray.‖

C."Earth has not anything to show more fair."

D."Beauty is truth, truth beauty". Ans: D (P221)

II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:

1. "A little black thing among the snow Crying " ?weep! weep!‘ In notes of woe "where are thy father & mother? Say? " "They are

both gone up to the church to prey." Que: 1)Identify the poem and poet. 2)Explain "notes of woe". 3)What does the sentence mean "they ate both gone up to the church to prey." Ans: 1)It is from "The Chimney Sweeper (from songs of experience) by Blake.(P172) 2)"notes of woe" means the songs/notes of sadness. 3)It implies: religion is the instrument of their repression/ oppression, its nature is to help bring misery to the poor children.(P169)

2. "The isles of Greece, the isles of Greece! Where burning Sappho loved and sung, Where grew the arts of war and peace, Where Delos rose, and Phoebus sprung! Eternal summer gilds them all, But all, except their sun, is set." Que: 1)Identify the poem and its author; 2)What does it mean "But all, except their sun, is set." 3)What does the passage imply? Ans: 1)The poet is Byron. The poem

is taken from "The Isles of Greece (from Don Juan)" (P199) 2)The sentence means: The sun is still on the rise, but the rest things all set.

3)The passage implied: The author lamented over the fallen Greece: In the past, Greece nurtured/ cultivated great poets and heroes, who enjoyed freedom and civilization, but now Greece had been enslaved, the past honorable history couldn‘t be found again. (P199)

3. "With plough and spade and hoe and loom Trace your grave and build your tomb And weave your winding-sheet---till fair England be your Sepulcher" Que: 1)Explain "sepulcher" 2)What was the deep implication of the poem?

Ans: 1)Sepulcher means grave. (P210~211) 2)The poem ironically addressed to the workers who submit to capitalist exploitation. It warned them: If they gave up the struggle, they would be digging graves for themselves wish their own hands. (P211)

4. "Thou still unravish‘d bride of quietness, Thou foster-child of silence and slow time, Sylvan historian, who canst thus express. A flowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme:" Que: 1)Who is the poet? The name? 2)Explain the sentence. 3)What was the theme of the poem? Ans: 1)This is the "ode on a Grecian Um", which was written by the poet---John Keats. (P219) 2)The sentence means: though time has passed, the urn , the works of the art still remains, and it tells a pastoral/lyrical tale to us, and the description of the urn is much more beautiful than the words of any human. (P218) 3)The theme is: Human life is transient, but the art is immortal. (P218)

5. "Place me on Sunium‘s marbles steep, Where nothing, save the waves and I, May her our mutual murmurs sweep; There, swan like, let me sing and die: A land of slaves shall ne‘er be mine--- Dash down you cup of Samian wine!" Que: 1)Identify the poem and its author. (P203) 2)Explain "swan like, let me sing and die", (P199) Interpret the passage and spot its implication.

Ans: 1)The poet is Byron. The poem is taken from "The Isles of Greece (from Don Juan)" (P203) 2)Swan is famous for its faith to its lover, one of them die, the other will refuse to eat and drink, it will cry till death. Here the author used a simile to show his strong desire to fight with the invaders till death, and appeal to the suppressed Greek people to struggle for their freedom and liberation.

6. "For oft, when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude;

And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dance with the daffodils." Que: 1) What is the "bliss of the solitude"? 2) Interpret the passage.

3) Why did the poet write the poem, what did he want to express?

Ans: 1)The Daffodils the poem saw. (P180) 2)It is a bliss/happiness to recollect the beauty of nature in his mind when he is solitude/lonely. 3)The poem depicts/deals with the flowers that he came across along waterside, by which he expresses the quiet, sympathy, loving feeling to nature just like his words "poetry is from "emotion recollected in tranquility".

7. "Then naked & white, all their bags left behind, They rise upon clouds, and sport in the wind, And the angle told Tom, if he‘d be a good bye, He‘d have God for his father, and never want joy." Que: 1)Identify the poem and its poet; 2)What does the poem implies?

Ans: 1) The poem is take from "The Chimney Sweeper (from Songs of Innocence)", which was written by William Blake.(p171) 2) This is a lovely poem presenting a happy and innocent world, though the wretched child are exploited and orphaned, they had nice dream for life and the

world,which implies religion make people obedient to exploitation,and from religion,they can get consolation and an "illusory happiness".(p168) 8. "As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need. Oh! Lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud! I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed! A heavy weight of hours has chained and bowed One too like thee: tameless, and swift and proud." Que: 1)Explain "I fall upon the thorns of life, I bleed" (P208) 2)Can you comprehend the deep emotion contained in the poem? What‘s that? 3)The poet was called the "the heart of all hearts", he trumpeted the radical prophecy of hope and rebirth. Please write out his classic words.

Ans: 1)The sentence call Shelley‘s desire that he couldn‘t best being fettered to/limited by the humdrum/too ordinary reality of everyday! (P208) 2)In the poem, the west wind has become the poet himself, he wants to be free, proud and controllable like the wild west wind, to destruct and construct with the strong power like the west wind. (P207~208) 3)"If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?" (P208)

9. "O Attic shape! Fair attitude! With brede ……As doth eternity: cold pastoral!"

Que: 1)How do you understand "cold pastoral" 2)What device is used in the poem? 3)Explain the implication of the poem. At the end

of the poem, the poet gave a famous saying, and it is also the theme of the poem, what is that?

Ans: 1)Cold pastoral means the lyrical scene on the Grecian urn lacks life and warmth. (P222) 2)Contrast. (P218) 3)The poet wanted to show the permanence of the art and the transience of human passion presenting his ambivalence/opposing feelings about time and nature of beauty. The saying is "Beauty is truth, truth beauty" (P218~219)

10. "Where fore feed and Clothe and save From the cradle to the grave Drain your sweat---nay, drink your blood?"

Que: 1)Who wrote the poem? What‘s its name? 2) Explain "drones" 3) Interpret the passage. Ans: 1)The poem is "A song: Men of England" by Shelley. (P209) 2)Drones the male of the honey-bees that don‘t work , referring to the parasitic class in human society. (drones and bees are the devices of metaphor) (P210) 3)The poet called all working people to rise up against their political oppressors, but point out the intolerable injustice of economic exploitation. It expressed the love for freedom and the hatred to tyranny of the author. (P207) 11. "Wild spirit, which art moving everywhere; Destroyer and Preserver; hear, O hear!" Que: 1)What does the "wild spirit "refer to?

2)Why called it "Destroyer and Preserver" at the same time? 3)Identify the poet and the poem.

Ans: 1)"wild spirit" refers to west wind/autumn wind. (P212) 2)Because west wind buried the dead year and year and prepared for a new spring, the poet call it "Destroyer and preserver". 3)It is "Ode to the west wind" of Shelley. (terza rima)

III. Questions and answers: 1.Please list the subjects and the faculties of the Romanticism. Ans: 1) The subjects are: love, nature, nationalism, individualism. 2) The faculties they cherished are: imagination, spontaneity, inspiration. (P162)

2.William Wordsworth was the first representative author of Rom, How do you know his idea and style?

Ans: 1)His poems are most about Nature and Human Life; 2)Beyond the pleasure of the picturesque with the eye and the external aspects of nature, however, lies in deeper moral awareness, a sense of completeness in multiplicity. (it means poem not only deals with the beautiful world, but express moral) 3)Common life and the joy and sorrow of the common people and inner self are his subjects; 4)He is a poet in memory of the past and was called "prophets of nature"; 5)He deliberately writes in simple and ordinary speech , refuses to decorate the truth of experience of pure and profound feeling; 6)He thought poet is "a man speaking to men," poetry is "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected in tranquility." 7)He always writes an elusive beauty of simplicity or a rural figure. (P176-179) 3.What thoughts and event influenced the period of Romanticism? Ans: 1) Rousseau (a French philosopher) explored new ideas about nature, society and education, which provided guiding priding principles for the French Revolution and Romanticism; 2) The French Revolution and "the Declaration of Rights of Man"(written by Thomas Paine)aroused the great sympathy and enthusiasm in the English liberals and radicals, which became a great source for Romanticism. 3) England itself had experienced profound economic and social changes as industrialism, which were reflected in the works of literature. (P157-159)

4.Byron's greatest contribution is his creation of the "Byronic hero" What kind of the hero he is? Give comment on him.

Ans: 1) "Don Juan" is Byron's masterpiece, a great comic epic, in which Byron described a hero named Don Juan. He was a great lover and seducer of women. In the conventional sense, al positives like courage, generosity, and frankness... In a word, Don was proud Juan was immoral, but Juan had his own mor, mysterious, and a noble rebel figure. He was a young man with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies,

one of rebellious individuals against outworn/outdated social systems and conventions. 2) Comment: The poet's true intention is to present a panoramic view of different types of society, the main theme of the works the basic ironic theme of appearance and reality, during which the poet also presented various materials and the clash of emotions. (P194-196)

5. What is the difference between Romanticism and Neoclassicism? (Neoclassicism=Augustans=enlightener)

Ans: 1)The Romantic Movement expressed negative attitude toward the existing social and political condition, the Romantics saw the corruption and injustice of the inhumanity of capitalism; 2)The Neo saw man as a social; while Rom saw him as an individual in the solitary state;

3)Neo stressed the common features of men; but the Rom stressed the special qualities of each individual's mind; 4)Neo celebrated rationality, equality and science of the outside world; while Rom changed to the inner world of the human spirit, whose theory saw the individual as the center of all experience; 5)Literature was heavily didactic and moralizing. There were fixed laws for each type of literature; Rom expressed his feeling, valued accuracy in portraying, they thought literature should be free from all rules. 6)The most important form in Neo was prose; while Rom was an age of poetry. (P160-161)

6.Analyze the characters of John Keats's poetry. Ans: 1)The poems are sensuous, colorful, and rich in imagery, (which expresses the acuteness of his senses) 2)Words are beautiful and musical. 3)The ancient Greek and English poetry provides the most important imaginative resource. 4)The construction of poems are knit, and the description go beyond the physical beauty of the world. (P218-219)

7. Jane Austen was the only important female author in the 18-19th century, how do you know about her?

Ans: Generally speaking, Austen was writer of the 18th century. 1)Her novels always dealt with the romantic entanglement of the heroines; 2)She believed in it that reason over passion, sense of responsibility, good manners, and clear judgment over romance; she honored the Augustan virtues of moderation, dignity disciplined emotion and common sense; 3)She contempt snobbery, stupidity, worldliness etc; 4)Her main concern was the relationship between men and women in love; 5)Her writing range was limited, all restricted to the provincial life of the 18th century England; 6)She presented the quiet, day-to-day country life of the middle -upper -class English. 7)Her characteristic theme was: maturity is got by the loss of illusions. (P223--226)

串讲（5）Chapter 4 The Victorian Period I. Choose the right answer:

1. Chronologically the Victorian refers to____. A.1798--1832 B.1836--1901 C. the Romantic period D. the Neoclassical Period Ans: B(P233)

2. ____works are characterized by a mingling of humor and pathos.

A. Thomas Hardy's

B. Charles Dickens's

C. Charlotte Bronte's

D. George Eliot's Ans: B (P241)

3. _____is famous for its vivid descriptions of the workhouse and life of the underworld in the 19th century London.

A. Oliver Twist

B. Great Expectations

C. David Copper Field

D. Hard Times Ans: A (P243)

4. ____is an elaborate and powerful expression of Alfred Tennyson's philosophical and religious thoughts.

A. Idylls of the King

B. Ulysses

C. Poems, Chieoqy Lyrical

D. In Memoriam Ans: D (P274)

5. The most distinguishing feature of Charles Dickens's works lies in his ______.

A. social criticism

B. optimism

C. character-portrayal

D. social setting Ans: C (P241)

6. _____is based on the Celtic legends of King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table.

A. In Memoriam

B. Ulysses

C. Idylls of the King

D. The Princess Ans: C (P275)

7. _____is Robert Browning's best-known dramatic monologue.

A. "My Last Duches"

B. "Meeting at Night"

C. "Parting at Morning"

D. "Pippa Passes" Ans: A (P287)

8. _____initiates a new type of realism and sets into motion a variety of developments, leading in the direction of both the naturalistic and psychological novel. A. Charles Dickens B. George Eliot C. Charlotte Bronte D. Thomas hardy Ans: B (P292)

9. _____works are known as "novels of characters and environment."

A. Charles Dickens's

B. George Eliot's

C. Jane Austen's

D. Geroge Eliot's Ans: B (P300)

10. ____belives that man's fate is predeterminedly tragic, driven by a combined force of "nature", both inside and outside.

A. Charles Dickens

B. Thomas hardy

C. Bernard Shaw

D.T.S. Eliot Ans: B (P301)

11. The author of the work ―Dombey and Son‖ is _________.

A. Charles Dickens

B. Henry James

C. Robert Lee Frost

D. Ezra Pound Ans: A (P239—240)

12. The most important characteristic in Ulysses by Alfred Tennyson is _______.

A. mastering of language

B. excellent choice of words

C. use of the dramatic monologue

D. excellent metaphor Ans: C (P273)

13. ―Self-conceited‖, ―cruel‖ and ―tyrannical‖ are most likely the names of the character in______.

A. Robert Browning‘s ?My Last Duchess‘

B. Christopher Marlowe‘s ?Dr. Faustus‘

C. Shakespeare‘s Love‘s ?Labour‘s lost‘

D. Sheridan‘s ?The School for Scandal‘Ans: A (P287)

14. Robert Browning‘s style is_______. A. identical with that of the other Victorian B. similar to that of Tennyson

C. perfectly artistic

D. rough and disproportionate in appearance Ans: D (P285)

15. According to D.H. Lawrence, _____was the first novelist that ―started putting all the actions inside‖.

A. George Eliot

B. Thomas Hardy

C. Charles Dickens

D.T.S. Eliot Ans: A (P236)

16. Middlemarch is considered to be George Eliot‘s greatest novel, owing to all the following reasons EXCEPT_______.

A. it vividly English country life

B. it probed into perpetual philosophical thoughts

C. it provides a panoramic view of life

D. it reveals women‘s true feelings Ans: B (P293)

17. ―Every day, every hour, brought to him one more little stroke of her nature, and to her one more of his‖, the sentence is

found in_____. A. Middlemarch by George Eliot B. Tess of the D‘Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy

C. Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte

D. Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte Ans: B (P309)

18. Which of the following best describes the protagonist (Henchard) of Thomas Hardy‘s ―The Mayor of the Casterbridge‖?

A. He is a man of self-esteem

B. He is a man of self-contempt

C. He is a man of self-confidence

D. He is a man of self-sufficiency Ans: D (P300)

19. Which of the following description of Thomas Hardy is wrong? A. Most of his novels are set in Wessex.

B.Tess of the D‘Urbervilles is one of the most representative of him as both a naturalistic and a critical realist writer.

C.Among Hardy‘s major works, Under the Greenwood Tree is the most cheerful and idyllic.

D.From The Mayor of Casterbridge on, the tragic sense becomes the keynote of his novels. Ans: D (P299---302)

20. Charlotte‘s works are famous for the depiction of the life of the middle-class working women, particularly________.

A. governesses

B. clerks

C. baby-sitters

D. managers Ans: A (P255)

II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:

1.―You teach me now how cruel you‘ve ---cruel and false. Why did you despise me? Why did you betray your own heart, Cathy? I have

not one word of comfort---you deserve this,‖Que: 1)Who is the speaker? 2)What does it refer to ―you despise me, you break your own heart‖? 3)What was the meaning of the story from the social point of view? 4)What is the main device of the story in description? Ans: 1)The speaker was Heathcliff.(P270—271) 2)It refers to Cathy married her husband (Linton) and deserted him and her own love.

3)From the social point of view, it is a story about a poor man Heathcliff abused, betrayed and distorted by his social betters/by the people with higher social position, because he is a poor nobody. (P266) 4)Flashback. (P267)

2. ―In pursuance of this determination, little Oliver, to his excessive astonishment, was released from bondage, and ordered to put himself into

a clean shirt. He had hardly achieved this very unusual gymnastic performance when Mr. Bumble brought him, with his own hands, a basin

of gruel and the holiday allowance of two ounces and a quarter of bread. A very tremendous sight, Oliver begins to cry very piteously. Thinking, not unnaturally, that the board must have decided to kill him for some useful purpose, or they never would have begun to fatten him up in this way.‖Que: 1)Identify the title and the writer. 2)Why Oliver was released from the bondage? 3)Why had he been punished?

4)Interpret ―A very tremendous sight‖. Ans: 1) This is an excerpt from ―Oliver Twist‖ by Charles Dickens. (P249) 2)Because he would be sold to a notorious chimney-sweeper (at 3 pound ten) and became his apprentice. (P243) 3)Oliver was punished for that ―impious and profane offence of asking for more gruel.‖ (P242)] 4)From the passage we can see the food is so little and poor in fact, but in the little Oliver‘s eyes, it became ―A very tremendous sight‖. Because in the usual days Oliver and other children were maltreated and abused cruelly, they couldn‘t eat well and were punished severely by the cruelty and hypocrisy of the dehumanizing workhouse board. (P243)

3. ―Sunset and evening star, And one clear call for me! And may there be no moaning of the bar, When I put out to sea.‖

Que: 1)Explain the implications of the ―sunset, evening star, sea‖. 2)Name the title of the poem and interpret it. 3)Can you say some comment on the poem? Ans: 1) Sunset, evening star: the images of the death; sea symbolizes life. (P277—278)

2)The title is ―Crossing the Bar‖. It means leaving this world and entering the next world –the world of the spirit 3)The poem expresses the fearlessness to death of the poet and his faith in God and an afterlife. (The poem is musical in language, rich in poetic images, elaborate

in texture and melancholy in air –the characters of Tennyson.) (P273/P278)

4. ―My favour at her breast, The dropping of the daylight in the west, The bough of cherries some officious fool Broke in the orchard of her,

the white mule She rode with round the terrace –all and each Would draw from her alike the approving speech, Or blush, at least. She thanked men –good! But thanked Somehow –I know not how –as if she ranked My gift of a nine-hundred-years-old name With anybody‘s gift‖Que: 1)Name the author and the title of the works. 2)What does it mean ―a nine-hundred-years-old name‖, and to whom the word was spoken? 3)Interpret the passage and analyze the character of the speaker. 4)What is the literary form?

Ans: 1)This is the ―My last Duchess‖ written by Robert Browning. (P286) 2)It means the title of the Duchess (of Ferrara) the Duck gave her through marriage has a family history of over 900 years. (P288) 3)Interpret: My favor -the title of the Duchess is better and more proud than any gifts of the world, but my last duchess was ready to be grateful to others‘ flatter and The Duck was a self-conceited, cruel, possessive, and tyrannical person. The word was spoken to the agent who comes to negotiate the marriage of the Duck. (P287) 4)The literary form is

―dramatic monologue‖. (the Duck‘s own defensive words betrays and condemns himse lf) (P287)

5.―I will drink Life to the lees: all times I have enjoy‘d Greatly, have suffer‘d greatly, both with those That loved me, and alone; on shor e,

and when Thro‘ scudding drifts the rainy Hyades Vext the dim sea: ……but hono u r‘d of them all‖ Que: 1)Identify the name of the poem. 2)Explain ―drink life to the lees‖. 3)What is the theme of the poem? 4)In what form is the poem written?

Ans: 1)The name of the poem is ―Ulysses‖. (P278) 2)The sentence means: I will keep travelling and exploring till the end of my life. (P281) 3)The theme is Ulysses can‘t endure the peaceful commonplace everyday life. Old as he is, he persuaded his old followers to go with him and to set sail again to pursue a new world and new knowledge. (the poem also expresse s Tennyson‘s own determination and courage to brave the struggle of life but also reflects the restlessness and aspiration/anxiety of the age.)(P281) 4)The literary form i s ―dramatic monologue‖.(P281) 6.―Come, Tess, Tell me in confidence.‖ … ―The trees have inquisitive eyes, haven‘t they? … and drive all such horrid fancies away!‖

Que: 1) Interpret the passage. Ans: Tess, as pure woman brought up with the traditional ideas, is abused and destroyed by the destructive force, and the misery made her frightened to the future, which implied the naturalistic viewpoint of Hardy. (P303)

7. ―Break, break, break, On thy cold grey stones, O Sea! And I would that my tongue could utter The thought that arise in me.‖

Que: 1)Name the poet and the poem. 2)Name the main tone of the whole poem, the device and the rhyme. 3)Interpret the passage.

Ans: 1)Alfred Tennyson. ―Break, Break, Break‖. (P276) 2) main tone is Sadness. The device is contract. The rhyme scheme is ―a b c d‖.

(P277) 3)The poem expressed the po et‘s feeling of sadness in memory of his best friend. (P276)

III. Questions and answers: 1. 1)Ideologically, what influenced Victorian literature? 2)What characters does it have?

Ans: 1)Darwin‘s theory ―the survival of the fittest‖ shook the theor etical basis of the traditional faith, many authors expressed their doubts and uncertainty in their works; Utilitarianism was widely accepted and practiced, many conscious authors severely criticized the Utilitarianism, especially its devalue of culture and its cold indifference to human feeling and imagination; Realism novels criticized the society and defended for the mass, and they concerned about the fate of the common people such as their poverty misery, angry with the inhuman social institution, the social immorality, injustice and money-worship. 2)Victorian literature represents the reality of the age. The high-spirit vitality, the

down-to-earth earnestness, the good-natured humour and unbound imagination are unprecedented. (P235—237)

2.Jane Eyre is the greatest governess image in the literature history; can you analyze the character of her?

Ans: Jane Eyre was a little plain governess with quick wit, honesty, frankness, loving heart and the spirit of independence and self-dignity. In literature, she is an individual conscious to self-realization. She was lonely and neglected young woman with a fierce longing for love, understanding and a full, happy life. In author‘s mind, man‘s life is composed of perpetual struggle between sin and virtue, good and evil. The heroines‘ joy comes from the sacrifice of self and the overcome of some weakness. By Jane‘s experience, we can see the cruelty, hypocrisy, and other evils of the upper classes and the misery and the suffering of the poor, and the false social convention on love and marriage. (P256—259) 3.Analyze the background of the Victorian Period. Ans: Economic developed rapidly and social problems prevailed in England and it becam e the ―workshop of the world‖. England settled down to a time of prosperity and stability, the people valued earnestness, respectability, modesty, and democracy. In the last decades, British empire declined, and Victorian values decayed.

4.Analyze the character created by George Eliot with an example and his style.

Ans: George Eliot set a new type of realism –both naturalistic and psychological novel; She sought to present the inner struggle of a soul and to reveal the motives, impulse and hereditary influences, the slow growth or decline of the character; Her masterpie ce ―Middlemarch‖ is a study of provincial life, showing a panoramic view of life in a small English town; She concerned for the destiny of women, the heroin in

―Middlemarch‖ –Dorothea, was a typical character of Eliot. She was a lady with great intelligence, potential and social aspiration. She had the

ideals to devote to the society, later, she married an elder man to realize her ideals by helping him in the holy Christianity Career. At the end of the story, she became content with giving her second husba nd ―wifely help‖. From her experience, we can see Eliot‘s view: women were born with the pathetic tragedy. Her spirit declined owing to the social environment and her own weakness. (the story is full of an air of a lifeless bitterness and disappointment) (P292—294)

5.Analyze the style of Charles Dickens. Ans: Adeptness/skillfulness with the vernacular and large vocabulary; The most distinguishing character-portrayal; The best writing from the child‘s point of view; (His best depicted characters are those innocent, virtuous, persecuted, helpless children) The depiction of those horrible and grotesque characters; The mingling/mixing features of humor and pathos/sorrow.(P241)

6.How do you know the naturalistic idea of Hardy?

Ans: The tragic sense is t he keynote of Hardy‘s novels, and he is a nostalgic author. Hardy‘s novels always set in Wessex, the fictional primitive and crude region, which is threatened by the invading capitalism, expressing the conflict between the traditional and the modern, the old and the modern. Man‘s fate is tragic with born, driven by the force of the nature of outside and inside, and man is bound by his inherent nature and hereditary traits which prompt him to go and search for happiness or success, and set him in conflict with the environment; we can see he is influenced greatly by Darwin‘s theory ―survival of the fittest‖. Man proves to be incompetent/impotent before Fate, and he seldom escapes his destiny. The pessimistic view of life predominates most worksof Hardy, which earns him the name of a naturalistic writer. Hardy is noted for he rustic dialect and a poetic flavor, so he is also called local-colorist. (P300--302)

串讲（6）Chapter 5 The Modern Period I. Choose the right answer:

1. The three trilogies of_____Forsyte novels are masterpieces of critical realism in the early 20th century.

A. D. H. Lawrence‘s

B. John Galsworthy‘s

C. James Joyce‘s

D. Thomas Hardy‘s Ans: B (P337)

2. ____is the most outstanding stream-consciousness novelist.

A. T.S. Eliot

B. Richard Brinsley Sheridan

C. James Joyce

D. Oscar Wilder Ans: D (P317)

3. In his famous poem_____, Yeats explores the problems of death, love, old age and art.

A. "Leda and the Swan"

B. "No Second Troy"

C. "September 1913"

D. "Sailing to Byzantium" Ans: D (P354)

4. ____is a poem concerned with the spiritual breakup of a modern civilization in which human life has lost its meaning,

significance and purpose. A. Ulysses B. The Waste Land C. The Confidential Clerk D. Dubliners Ans: B (P360)

5. The Rainbow and_____ are generally regarded as D.H. Lawrence‘s masterpieces.

A. Women in Love

B. Son s and Lovers

C. Lady Chatterley‘s Lover

D. The Plumed Serpent Ans: A (P370)

6. In ____, James Joyce intends to present a microcosm of the whole human life by providing an instance of how a single event

contains all the events of its kind, and how history is recapitulated in the happenings of one day.

A. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

B. Dubliners

C. Ulysses

D. Finnegans Wake Ans: C (P388)

7. Structurally and thematically, George Bernard Shaw follows the great tradition _______.

A. Modernism

B. Romanticism

C. Realism

D. Naturalism Ans: C (P323)

8. Galsworthy was a _____writer, having inherited the fine traditions of the great Victorian novelists of the critical realism such

as Dickens and Thackeray. A. naturalistic B. romantic C. realistic D. conventional Ans: D (P338)

9. In "The Forsyte Saga" by John Galsworthy, a typical Forsyte has a remarkable characteristic-----a strong sense of______.

A. money

B. property

C. success

D. privilege Ans: B (P339)

10. In "The Lake Isle of Innisfree", William Bulter Yeats expresses his ____________.

A. hope to go abroad

B. desire to escape into a "fairyland"

C. love for common life

D. hatred for war Ans: B (P356)

11. In which of the following poems by Yeats did you find the allusion to Helen and Trojan War?

A. Sailing to Byzantium

B. Down by the Sally Garden

C. The Lake Isle of Innisfree

D. Leda and the Swan Ans: D (P354)

12. Of the following poems by T.S. Eliot, which is hailed as a landmark and a model of the 20th Century English Poetry?

A. Poems 1909----1925

B. The Hollow Men

C. Prufrock and Other Observations

D. The Waste Land Ans: D (P359)

13. "The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the windowpanes,/ The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the windowpanes/

Linked its tongue into the corners of the evening,/ Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains." The stanza is taken from______.

A. T.S. Eliot‘s "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"

B. Emily Dickinson‘s "Because I could not stop for Death"

C. Alfred Tennyson‘s "Break, Break, Break"

D. William Wordsworth‘s "I wandered Lonely as a Cloud" Ans: A (P363--364)

14. Which of the following best describes the speaker of ―The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock‖?

A. He is a man of an action.

B. He is a man of apathy.

C. He is a man of inactivity.

D. All the above are wrong. Ans: C (P363)

15. Of the following works by D.H. Lawrence, _______established his position as novelist.

A. The White Peacock

B. The Trespasser

C. Women in Love

D. Sons and Lovers Ans: D (P370)

16. Which of the following is considered to be a better-structured novel?

A. Women in Love

B. Son s and Lovers

C. The Rainbow

D. Lady Chatterley‘s Lover Ans: A (P372)

17. ―The Lawrence trilogy‖ refers to the following three plays except ______. A. A Collier‘s Friday Night

B. The Daughter -in-Law

C. The Widowing of Mrs. Holroyed

D. Lady Chatterley‘s Lover Ans: D (P373)

18. Which of the following writings is not the novel of D.H. Lawrence‘s?

A. Sons and Lovers

B. A Portrait of the Artist as a Yong Man

C. The White Peacock.

D. The Rainbow Ans: B (P369---370)

19. Of the following writings by James Joyce, which is a prime example of modernism in literature?

A. Ulysses

B. A Portrait of the Artist as a Yong Man

C. Dubliners

D. Finnegans Wake Ans: A (P386)

20. Which of the following is not true according to James Joyce? A. Ulysses has become a prime example of modernism in literature.

B. Joyce is regarded as the most prominent stream-of-consciousness novelist.

C. Joyce is a realistic writer in English literature history.

D. His novel "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young man" is a naturalistic account of the hero‘s bitter experiences and his final artistic and spiritual liberation. Ans: C (P386---389)

II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:

1. Analyze the poem of T. S. Eliot -"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"

1) "In the room the women come and go Talking of Michelangelo" Que: Why does the sentence repeat in the poem for several times? Ans: The sentence symbolizes the remote and faraway things, it implies the inability to face up with the reality and the life of the hero.(P363) 2) "And indeed there will be time For the yellow smoke that slides along the street, ... There will be time, there will be time ...."

Que: What deep implication can you get from the passage? Ans: The hero was unable to face up with the life and reality bravely, but he was anxious to find time passing so quickly that he was very depressed. The passage shows the tragic character of the indecision of the young man. (P363)

3) "I have measured out my life with coffee spoons; I know the voices dying with a dying fall Beneath the music from the

father room. So how should I presume? Que: A)What did the speaker presume? B) Interpret the excerpt.

Ans: A)He will propose marriage to a girl, but he dare not. B)The Excerpt shows the futile and boring life of the upper class.

(Every day, they drink coffee, listen to music, but they can‘t really enjoy the pleasure of life, leading a boring life.)

4) "I should have been a pair of ragged claws Scuttling across the floor of silent seas."

Que: Interpret it. Ans: If he had been a crab on the ocean bed, maybe he would have been better. The motion of the crab suggests futility and growing old. (P368 注释5)

5) "But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen: Would it have been worthwhile" (P367)

Que: Interpret it. Ans: The sentence implies the speaker‘s incapability of facing up to love and to life. He is always fearful

that others will see through his ideas and truth of falling love, which makes himself live in frightening and restlessness. (P363)

2. "I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree, And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattles made: Nine bean-rows will I have there,

a hive for the honeybee, And live alone in the bee-loud glade" Que: 1) Identify the poem and poet; 2) Interpret the poem. Ans: 1) The poem is "The Lake Isle of Innisfree", which was written by William Butler Yeats.(P355) 2) In the poem, the poet imagined a place where he could live like a hermit, implying that he was tired of the life of his day, he sought to escape into and ideal "fairyland" where he could live calmly as a hermit and enjoyed the beauty of the nature.

3. "North Richmond Street, being blind, was a quiet street except at the hour when the Christian Brothers‘ school set the boys free ...,

gazed at one another with brown imperturbable faces." Que: 1) Comment the main tone of the story with the concrete images of the passage.

2) Analyze the theme of the story. 3) Explain the devices of symbols with the examples of the article.

Ans: 1) The tone of the story is a fine tuned melancholy. The scene is drab, lifeless. The Christian School sounds like prison -it sets the boys

free. The brown color also showed the tone of the story.(P390)2) The story introduced a little boy‘s love experience, expressing his awareness of reality and expectation, and pointing out the drabness and harshness of the adult world.(P385) 3) In this article the author used many

images to show the symbols meaning, expressing the frustrated quest for beauty. (P390) For example: The little boy lived with his uncle

and aunt -a symbol of the isolation and the lack of proper relationship; His uncle forgot his arrangement is a symbol of the boy‘s failure;

The deserted train symbol the indifference relationship, and "all the stalls were in closed and the greatest part of the hall was in darkness"

and "the upper part of the hall was now completely dark" symbol the destined failure of the boy‘s quest for the beauty.

4. "You are not, my son. Battle-battle -and suffer. It‘s about all you do, as far as I can see." "But why not, my dear? I tell you it‘s the best ---" "It isn‘t. And one ought to be happy, one ought." By this time Mrs. Morel was trembling violently ... "Eh, my dear -say rather you want me to live." Que: 1) Name the works and its writer. 2) Who are the two speakers? How do you know her?

Ans: 1) The novel is named "Sons and Lovers". It‘s the works of D. H. Lawrence. (P383) 2) The two speakers are Mrs. Morel and her

son (Paul). Mrs. Morel is a strong-willed, intelligent and ambitious woman. Having been disappointed with her husband, a coal miner, she puts all her feeling on her son, hoping to realize her ideas of success, happiness and social esteem. The distorted relationship reflects the inhuman mechanical civilization and the indifference of the men. (P375—376)

III. Questions and answers: 1. What are the characters of Modernism?

Ans: 1) Modernism rose out of scepticism and disillusionment of capitalism; 2) The French symbolism heralded modernism;

3) Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base; 4) The major theme of Modernism are the distorted, alienated and ill relationship between man and society, man and nature, man and man, man and himself; 5) The Modernists concern about the private, subjective, inner individual and the tone is disillusioned. (P312—313)

2. D. H. Lawrence is regarded as revolutionary, how do you know his works?

Ans: 1) Lawrence‘s interest lay in the psychological development of his character; 2) He criticized the dehumanizing effect of the capitalism industrialization on human which turned man into inhuman machines and unhealthy animal; 3) He believes the life impulse -the sexual impulse was man‘s most important instinct, any conscious repression would cause distortion of the man‘s personality; 4) He explored the relationship of man and woman in psychology; 5) He believed the alienation and the perversion were caused by the desire for power and money. (P317)

3. What philosophical ideas influenced Modernism?

Ans: 1) Karl Marx‘s scientific socialism; 2) Darwin‘s theory evolution -the social Darwinism "survival of the fittest"; 3) Einstein‘s theory

of relativity; 4) Freud‘s analytical psychology; 5) The irrational philosophy. (P311—P312)

4. Common sense about "The Waste Land" Ans: "The Waste Land" is T. S. Eliot’s masterpiece: 1) The poem presents a panorama

of physical disorder and spiritual desolation; 2) It reflects the mood of disillusionment, frustration, and despair of the whole post-war generation;

3) It concerns with the spirit breakup that man has lost his meaning, significance, and purpose of life; 4) The poem derogated/criticized the civilized world for its horror, menace, anguish and futility. (P359—362)

5. Analyze the background of the Modernism. Ans: 1) Natural and social sciences advanced greatly, capitalism came into its monopoly stage, the gap between the poor and the rich was deepened; 2) The First World War and The Second World War happened, which influenced people greatly; 3) All kinds of philosophical ideas were produced. (P311—312)

6. Say something about Freudian and Jungian‘ psycho-analysis. Ans: 1) Multiple/many levels of consciousness exist in the human mind at the same time; 2) Man‘s present are the sum of his past, present and future; 3) Truth exists in the unique, isolated, and private world of each individual. 4) The theory creates "steam-of-consciousness".(P316)

7. Why Modernism is different from Realism? Ans: In many aspects, Modernism acts against Realism; 1) Modernism rejects rationalism, while Realism stresses it; 2) Modernism includes internal, subjective, psychological world, while Realism stresses external, objective, and material world; 3) Modernism advocates new forms and new techniques, and it casts away all the traditional elements such as: story, character, etc. while Realism stresses it. 4) Modernism works are called anti-novel, anti-poetry, anti-drama etc. (P313)

8. List the representative authors of the "Stream of Consciousness" and explain the theory.

Ans: 1) Stream of Consciousness is a narrative method to describing the unspoken thoughts and feelings of the characters, but not

using objective description or conventional dialogue. Authors represent the thought, emotions without logical sequence or syntax

and make the characters tell the inner movement of consciousness and the thoughts. 2) The representative authors are: James Joyce "

Ulysses" Virginia Woolf "Mrs. Dalloway" Richardson "Pilgrimage" T. S. Eliot Henry James George Eliot (P389)

串讲（7）American Literature Chapter 1 The Romantic Period I. Choose the right answer:

1. Of all the following issues, _____is definitely NOT the focus of the Romantic writers in the American literary history.

A. Puritan morality

B. Human bestiality

C. Noble savages

D. Divinity of man Ans: B (P401)

2. Henry David Thoreau‘s work, ____, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of the New England Transcendental Movement.

A. Walden

B. The Pioneers

C. Nature

D. "Song of Myself" Ans: A (P402)

3. "Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind" is a famous quote from______‘s writings.

A. Walt Whitman

B. Henry David Thoreau

C. Herman Melville

D. Ralph Waldo Emerson Ans: D (P402)

4. ―Leaves of Grass‖ commands great attention because of its uniquely poetic embodiment of______, which are written in the

founding documents of both the Revolutionary War and the American Civil War.

A. the democratic ideals

B. the romantic ideals

C. the self-reliance spirits

D. the religious ideals Ans: A (P447)

5. According to Whitman, the genuine participation of a poet in a common cultural effort was to behave as a supreme______.

A. democrat

B. individualist

C. romanticist

D. leader Ans: B (P448)

6. The period before the American Civil War is generally referred to as ___________.

A. The Naturalist Period

B. The Modern Period

C. The Romantic Period

D. The Realistic Period Ans: C (P399)

7. In the following works, which sign the beginning of the American literature?

A. The Sketch Book

B. Leaves of Grass

C. Leather Stocking Tales

D. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Ans:B (P399)

8. _____is the author of the work ―The Legend of Sleepy Hollow‖.

A. Washington Irving

B. James Joyce

C. Walt Whitman

D. William Butler Yeats Ans: A (P404)

9. Washington Irving‘s ―Rip Van Winkle‖ is famous for_________. A. Rip‘s escape into a mysterious

B. The story‘s German legendary source material

C. Rip‘s seeking for happiness

D. Rip‘s 20-years sleep Ans: D (P406)

10. Which of the following statement is not true about Washington Irving? A. Washington Irving is regarded as Father of the American short stories. B. Irving‘s relationship with the Old World in terms of his literary imagination can hardly be ignored considering his success both abroad and at home. C. Irving‘s taste was essentially progressive or radical. D. Washington Irving

has always been regarded as a writer who "perfected the best classic style that American literature ever produced." Ans: C (P403--406)

11. The Publication of ______established Emerson as the most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism.

A. Nature

B. Self-Reliance

C. The American Scholar

D. The Over-Soul Ans: A (P420)

12. The phrase "a transparent eye-ball‖ compares philosophical mentation of Emerson‘s. It appears in_________.

A. The American Scholar

B. Nature

C. The over Soul

D. Essays: Second Series Ans: B (P423)

13. In 1837, Ralph Waldo Emerson made a speech entitled ___at Harvard, which was hailed by Oliver Wendell Holmeasas: Our Intellectual Declaration of Independence". A. "Self-Reliance" B. "Divinity School Address" C. "The American Scholar" D. "Nature" Ans: C (P423)

14. _____is the most ambivalent (有争议的) writers in the American literary history.

A. Nathaniel Hawthorne

B. Walt Whitman

C. Ralph Waldo Emerson

D. Mark Twain Ans: A (P429)

15. "There is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life; but circumstances may rouse it

to activity", which author of the following authors does the mention belong to________.

A. Washington Irving

B. Ralph Waldo Emerson

C. Nathaniel Hawthorne

D. Walt Whitman Ans: C (P431)

16. In Hawthorne‘s novels and short stories, intellectuals usually appear as__.A. saviors B. villains C. commentators D. observers Ans:B (P432)

17. All of the following are works by Nathaniel Hawthorne except_______.

A. The House of the Seven Gables

B. White Jacket

C. The Marble Faun

D. The Blithedale Romance Ans: B (P431)

18. Walt Whitman is radically innovative in the form of his poetry. What he prefers for his new subject is__________.

A. free verse

B. blank verse

C. lyric poem

D. heroic couplet Ans: A (P450)

19. Which of the following features cannot characterize poems by Walt Whitman?

A. Lyrical and well-structured

B. Free-flowing

C. Simple and rather crude

D. Conversational and casual Ans: A (P450---451)

20. " The horizon‘s edge, the flying sea-crow, the fragrance of salt marsh and shore mud. These became part of that child

who went forth every day, and who now goes, and will always go forth every day." The two lines are taken from____________.

A. "There Was a Child Went Forth" by Walt Whitman

B. "In a Station of the Metro" by Ezra Pound

C. "Cavalry Crossing a Ford" by Walt Whitman

D. "Ulysses" by Joyce Ans: A (P454)

21. "Moby Dick" is regarded as the first American_________.

A. Prose epic

B. Comic epic

C. Dramatic fiction

D. Poetic fiction Ans: A (P460)

22. The giant Moby Dick may symbolize all EXCEPT________.

A. mystery of the universe

B. sin of the whale

C. power of the great Nature

D. evil of the world Ans: B (P461)

23. Which of the following comments on the writings by Herman Melville is not true?

A. "Bartleby, the Scrivener" is a short story.

B. "Benito Cereno" is a novella.

C. The Confidence---Man has something to do with the sea and sailors.

D. Moby-Dick is regarded as the first American prose epic. Ans: C (P459---460)

24. The Transcendentalists believe that, first, nature is ennobling, and second, the individual is____, therefore, self-reliant.

A. insignificant

B. vicious by nature

C. divine

D. forward-looking Ans: C (P402)

II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:

1. "Time grew worse and worse with Rip Van Winkle as years of matrimony rolled on: a tart temper mellows with age, and a

sharp tongue is the only edge tool that grows keener by constant use. For a long while he used to perpetual club of the sages, philosophers, and other idle personages of the village. Que: 1) Please identify the author and the title of the work. 2) What‘s the meaning of this passage? Ans: 1) This is an excerpt from "Rip Van Winkle" by Washington Irving. (P408) 2) With his wife‘s dominance at home, the situation became harder and harder for Rip Van Winkle. His wife‘s temper became worse and she scolded him for more often. He had to stay in the club with idle people. (P407)

附: Que: Please describe the changes Rip Van Winkle experienced. Ans: 1) Rip Van Winkle was the hero in Irving‘s works. He was a good-natured man, a henpecked (惧内的，妻管严的) husband. 2) Because his wife‘s shrewish (泼妇一样的) treatment, Rip had to escape from his home to the little inn in the village. When it failed to give him some restful air, he had to go hunting in the high mountain, where Rip met a stranger, and the man asked Rip to carry keg for him. Then Rip reached the place in the valley, where many strangers were playing

nine-pins. Later Rip got drunk after drinking the liquor, which made him sleep for 20 years. 3) Rip woke up as an old man, entering the village learned that his wife had died, he got the freedom of his own; and the American had been dependent from the control of Britain, he had changed from a subject of the King (George III) into a citizen of the independent new U.S.....

2. " I celebrated myself, and sing myself, And what I assume you shall assume, For every atom belonging to me as good belongs

to you" Que: 1) Please identify the author and the title of the poem that had used when published. 2) What is the theme of this poem? Ans: 1) In the 1856, the title was "Poem of Walt Whitman, an American", then it became "Walt Whitman" in 1860, until 1881, it finally became "Song of Myself". The author is Walt Whitman. (P456--457) 2) In this poem Whitman sets forth two principle beliefs: A. The theory of universality (普遍性), which is illustrated by lengthy catalogues of people and things; B. The belief in the singularity (个别性)

and equality(平等性) of all beings in value. (P457)

3. "Standing on the bare ground,---my head bathed by the blithe air, and uplifted into infinite space,---all mean egotism vanishes.

I become a transparent eye-ball. I am nothing. I see all." Que: 1) Please identify the author and the title of the work. 2) Please briefly interpret this passage. 3). What rhetorical device of "transparent eye-ball". 4) Emerson said he want to become a transparent eye-ball, what king idea did he want to express? Ans: 1) This selection is from "Nature" by Emerson. (P427) 2) In the essay Emerson clearly expresses the main principles of his Transcendentalist pursuit and his love for nature. Emerson develops his concept of "Over-Soul" Or "Universal Mind". Last but not the leas, it affirms the divinity of the human beings. (P423) 3) It used the device of metaphor. (P423) 4) He wanted to tell us: Nature can purify (净化) our quality and let us get comfort. (P243)

III. Questions and answers: 1. The Romantic Period was called "The American Renaissance". Discuss the background of the Romantic Period, and compare it with the Romanticism of Britain. Ans: 1) The two Romanticism both stress the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature; 2) They all pay attention to psychic states of the characters and exalt the individual and common man; 3) American Romanticism revealed unique characteristics: (difference) 1> American authors describe their native land, especially the spirit of the pioneering into the west, the desire for an escape from society and a return to nature; 2> American writers use local dialect in language; 3> Puritanism has

great influence over American Romantics; 4> Calvinism of original sin is obvious in their works; 5> Transcendentalism is very important theory in American Romanticism; 6> The important setting in American Romanticism are: ① the early puritan settlement; ② the confrontation with the Indians; ③ the frontiersmen‘s life; ④ the wild west; ⑤ imagination. (P399—402)

2. Analyze the themes and characteristic of Hawthorne. Ans: Hawthorne was a man with inquiring imagination, meditative mind and dark vision to life. His themes in writing are:1) Man was born with evil and sin, one source of them is over-reaching intellect, whose image was always villain; (Chllingworth e.g.) 2) Hawthorne was influenced greatly by Puritanism, while he criticized it bitterly; 3) He believed Calvinistic ideas, thinking man was depraved and corrupted; they should obey God for saving the spirits; 4) He concerned the moral life of man and human history; 5) He was keen on the description of man‘s development of psychology. (P432—433)

3. Explain the theory of Transcendentalism, then list its important author and works.

Ans: Transcendentalism is a very important theory in American Romanticism, its main ideas are: 1) Man has the capacity of knowing truth intuitively, or the ability of getting knowledge transcending the senses; 2) Nature is ennobling and individual is divine, therefore, man should be self-reliant. 3) Man is divine/holy and perfectible and man can trust himself to decide what is right and act accordingly; (but to Hawthorne and Melville man is a sinner); 4) Universe is over-soul -a symbol of the spirit, God or the universe, there is an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal "over-soul"-unity of Nature.5) The important authors are: Emerson (The American Scholar) and Thoreau. 6) "Nature", Emerson‘s works, is called the unofficial manifesto for the club. (P421—P422)

4. Hawthorne was a master in using symbol and allegory; cite some example to analyze it.

Ans: 1) Allegorically, Young Goodman Brown becomes an Everyman called Brown, who will be aged in one night by an evil adventure, and the evilness makes everyone a fallen idol in the world. 2) In the angle of Symbol: "Brown look up to the Heaven and resist the wicked one" symbols Brown has the force to resist the evilness of the Nature and he still has the faith to God; but "he is alone in the forest" symbols the society is the place full of sins and evilness, Brown‘s strength is not enough at all; then after returning, he lives a dismal and gloomy life symbols he has been crushed down by the social evilness and lost his belief in goodness and piety. (P434—435)

5. Washington Irving was called "Father of the American short stories" and "the American Goldsmith". What characteristics did he have? Ans: 1) He was nostalgic author, and he always juxtaposing the Old and the New world; 2) He remained a conservative and always exalted

a disappearing past, and he prefer the past to present, prefer a dream-like world to a real one;3) His stories were always from legend, especially German legends, showing best classic style. (P405—406)

6. Sea adventures are Melville‘s favorite subject; "Moby-Dick" is a great novel in the theme, which is also noted for its symbolism, please analyze it in detail. Ans: 1) About the sea adventure: it symbols the voyage of the mind in quest of the truth and knowledge of the universe;

a spirit exploration into man‘s deep reality and psychology; 2) About the boat; it symbols the society, and the crew symbol all kinds of people with different social and ethnic ideas; 3) About the white whale: To the author, it symbols nature, it is a complex, unfathomable and beautiful; To the captain Ahab, it is evilness, is a wall. So he will lead all his crew to cut through the wall to dig out all the unknown, mysterious things behind it. To the narrator, Ishmael, it is a mystery. (P460—461)

7. Walt Whitman is a unique poet. Can you explain what make him unique?

Ans: 1) His themes are: Democracy; the Revolutionary War and the Civil War; freedom; openness; brotherhood; individualism; the growth of industry and the wealth of the cities; universality.2) His styles are special: "free verse"; "catalogue"; simple and even crude language.(P448-551)串讲（8）AMERICAN LITERATURE Chapter 2 The Realistic Period I. Choose the right answer:

1. Emily Dickinson was sometimes curious about the feeling of speech of death and in one of her poems she wrote about the____ of death,

the title of the poem is "I heard a Fly buzz when I died". A. moment B. suffering C. happiness D. meaning Ans: A (P518) 2. Theodore Dreiser belonged to the school of literary ______which emphasized heredity and environment as important deterministic

forces shaping individualized characters who were presented in special and detailed circumstances.

A. naturalism

B. realism

C. determinism

D. humanism Ans: A (P524)

3. More than five hundred poems that Dickinson wrote are about nature, in which her general _____about the relationship between man

and nature is well expressed. A. skepticism B. eulogy C. happiness D. denial Ans: A (P518)

4. "This is my letter to the World" is a poem expressing Emily Dickinson‘s _____about her communication with the outside world.

A. happiness

B. anger

C. anxiety

D. sorrow Ans: C (P520)

5. Though secluded herself in her own house, Emily Dickinson was never really indifferent of the outside world, as could be seen in her poems such as "I like to see it lap the Miles", which describes a(n) ______, an embodiment of modern civilization.

A. snake

B. animal

C. the road

D. train Ans: D (P521)

6. After "The Adventure of Tom Sawyer", Twain gives a literary independence to Tom’s buddy Huck in a book called_____, and the book from which "all modern American literature comes".

A. Life on the Mississippi River

B. The Gilded Age

C. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

D. The Sun Also Rises Ans: C (P479---480)

7. Winterbourne is used as a ______in Henry James‘s "Daisy Miller".

A. Protagonist

B. Narrator of the events

C. A character of central consciousness

D. Persona Ans: C (P499)

8. Emily Dickinson‘s verse is most aptly characterized as ___________.

A. exposing the evils of the society

B. paving the way for the following generation of free verse poets

C. sharing the same poetic conventions as Walt Whitman

D. exhibiting sensitiveness to the symbolic implications of experience, such as love, death, immortality and etc. Ans: D (P518)

9. The author of "The Portrait of a Lady" is best at_______. A. probing into the unsearched secret part of human life

B. a truthful delineation of the motives, the impulses, the principles that shape the lives of actual men and women.

C. a dramatizing the collisions between two very different cultural systems on an international scene

D. disclosing the social injustices and evils of a civilized society after the Civil War. Ans: C (P496)

10. The period ranging from 1865 to 1914 has been referred to as _____________.

A. the Age of Realism

B. the Age of Modernism

C. the Age of Romanticism

D. the Age of Colonicalism Ans: A (P471)

11. Who exerts the simple most important influence on literary naturalism?

A. Emerson

B. Jack London

C. Theodore Dreiser

D. Darwin Ans: D (P475)

12. One of the most familiar themes in American naturalism is the theme of human "______".

A. bestiality

B. goodness

C. compassion

D. greed Ans: A (P476)

13. ______is considered by H.L. Mencken as "the true father of our national literature."

A. Hemingway

B. Poe

C. Irving

D. Twain Ans: D (P477)

14. Mark Twain wrote most of his literary works with a ____language. A. grand B. pompous C. simple D. vernacular Ans: D (P481)

15. Henry James‘s fame generally rests upon his novels and stories with________.

A. international theme

B. national theme

C. European theme

D. Regional theme Ans: A (P497)

16. In the following writers, who is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th century "Stream-of-consciousness" novels and the founder of psychological realism_____. A. Henry James B. Mark Twain C. Emily Dickenson D. Theodore Dreiser Ans: A (P498) 17. In Henry James‘ "Daisy Miller", the author tries to portray the young woman as an embodiment of ____. A. the corruption

of the newly rich B. the free spirit of the New World C. the decline of aristocracy D. the force of convention Ans: B (P499)

18. Which of the following is NOT a usual subject of poetic expression of Emily Dickinson‘s?

A. War and peace

B. Love and marriage

C. Life and death

D. Religion Ans: A (P517)

19. The following titles are all related to the subject that escapes from the society and returns to nature except__________.

A. Dreiser‘s Sister Carrie

B. Copper‘s Leather-Stocking Tales

C. Thoreau‘s Walden

D. Mark Twain‘s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Ans: A (P401 / P526)

20. The greatest work written by Theodore Dreiser is__________.

A. Sister Carrie

B. An American Tragedy

C. The Financier

D. The Titan Ans: B (P525)

21. Closely related to Emily Dickinson‘s religious poetry are her poems concerning _____.

A. Childhood

B. Youth and happiness

C. Loneliness

D. Death and immortality Ans: D (518)

22. With Howells, James, and Mark Twain active on the literary scene, _________became the major trend in American literature in the

seventies and eighties of the 19th century. A. sentimentalism B. romanticism C. realism D. naturalism Ans: C (P474)

II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:

1. "It was a close place. I took it up, and held it in my hand. I was a trembling, because I‘d got to decide, forever, betwixt tow things, and I knowed it. I studied a minute, sort of holding my breath, and then says to my self: "All right, then, I‘ll go to hell"----and tore it up. It was

awful thoughts, and awful words, but they was said. And I let them stay said; and never though no more about reforming."

Que: 1) Who was the "I", which book was the passage taken from? And by whom? 2) Why did he think "it was awful thought"? Analyze it. 3) Analyze the characteristic of the hero. Ans: 1) The character is Huckleberry Finn, the passage is taken from "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" by Mark Twain. (P489) 2) It is the climax of the Huck‘s inner struggle on the Mississippi, when Huck is conflicting whether or not he should write a letter to tell Miss Watson where Jim is, and he is polarizing/contradicting by the two opposing forces between his heart and his head, between his affection for Jim and the laws of the society against those who help slaves escape. Huck‘s final decision -to follow his own good hearted moral impulse rather than conventional village morality. During his thinking Huck thinks of the consequence of helping Jim (the runaway slave), he might go to hell, "it was awful thought", with the eventual victory of his moral conscience over his social awareness, Huck grows. (P480) 3) Huck is an innocent and reluctant rebel, a typical American Boy with a "sound heart and deformed conscience". Through the eyes of Huck, the Pre-Civil War American society is fully exposed and we are deeply impressed by Mark Twain‘s thematic contrasts between innocence and experience, nature and culture, wildness and civilization. (P483)

2. "I should think it might be arranged," Winterbourne was thus emboldened to reply. "Couldn‘t you get some one to stay---for the afternoon

---with Randolph?" Miss Miller looked at him a moment; and then with all serenity, "I wish you‘d stay with him!" she said.

Que: 1) Please identify the work and the author. 2) Please analyze the character of Daisy Miller in literature.

Ans: 1) It is taken from Henry James‘s "Daisy Miller". (P513) 2) She is the American Girl in Europe, a celebrated type who embodies the spirit of the New World. However, innocence, the keynote of her character, turns out to be an admiring but a dangerous quality and her defiance of social taboos in the Old World finally brings her to a disaster in the clash between two different cultures. (P499-500)

3. ―We passed the School, where Children strove At Recess--in the Ring--We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain--We passed the Setting Sun—‖Que: 1) Please identify the poem and the poet; 2) What does "the School, the Fields of Gazing Grain and the Setting Sun" stands for?

Ans: 1) The lines are from "Because I could not stop fro Death", Emily Dickinson. (P523) 2) It stands for three stages of life: the School

----youth; the Fields of Gazing Grain----mature period; the Setting Sun------end of life. (P523)

4. "The Eyes around--had wrung them dry--And breaths were gathering firm For that last Onset--when the King Be witnessed--in the Room--" Que: 1) What is the meaning of the first line? 2) What does "the King" refer to? 3) What idea does the poem from which this stanza is taken express? Ans: 1) It means the relatives and friends had cried and cried so that there were no tears any more. (P521)

2) "The King" refers to the God of death. (P521) 3) The poem expresses that the author even imagined her own death, the loss of her own body, and the journey of her soul to the unknown. (P518)

III. Questions and answers: 1. What are the main ideas of Realists of America?

Ans: The harsh life and disillusion from the dark memories of the Civil War made the nation dislike the romance, the new generation of writers came up with new inspirations: 1) They were interested in the realities of life. It aimed at the interpretation of the actuality of any aspect of life;

2) People‘s attention was now directed the interesting features/things of everyday existence/things -something brutal, sordid/mean, class struggle etc. 3) The authors introduced common people such as: industrial workers and farmers, ambitious businessmen, vagrants, prostitutes/street girls, and unheroic soldiers in fiction; 4) American writers displayed native trends in portrayal of the landscape ad social surface realistically;

5) They formed perfect vernacular style in language; 6) Some authors explored and exploited/used the literary possibilities of the interior

life/psychology, such as Henry James; 7) The representatives were: Mark Twain, Henry James, William Dean Howells; In short, they set the example and pictured the future course for the modernism. (in the subject, themes, techniques, and styles of fiction)(P472---474)

2. Take examples to analyze the style and theme of Mark Twain.

Ans: Mark Twain is a great literary of America, H. L. Mencken considered him "the true father of our national literature". 1) Twain‘s works

like "Adventure of Huckleberry Finn" and "Life on the Mississippi" shaped the views of America and combined American folk humor and serious literature together; 2) "The adventures of Tom Sawyer" and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" proved to be the milestone in American literature, and they were the record of a vanishing way of life in the pre-Civil War Mississippi. 3) The books were noted for their

2020年7月全国自考英美文学选读试题及答案解析

全国自考2018年7月英美文学选读试题 课程代码：00604 请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上(全部题目用英文作答) PART ONE(40 POINTS) I. Multiple Choice (40 points in all，1 for each) Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. 1. Of all the eighteenth—century British novelists ______ was the first to set out，both in theory and practice，to write specially a “comic epic in prose”，the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. A. Thomas Gray B. Richard Brinsley Sheridan C. Jonathan Swift D. Henry Fielding 2. The poem “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard” established ______ as the leader of the sentimental poetry of the day，especially “the Graveyard School”. A. Thomas Gray B. Samuel Johnson C. John Bunyan D. John Milton 3. “Do you think, because I am poor，obscure，plain，and little，I am soulless and heartless?... And if God had gifted me with some beauty，and much wealth，I should have made it as hard for you to leave me. as it is now for me to leave you. ”The quoted part is taken from ______. A. Great Expectations B. Wuthering Heights C. Jane Eyre D. Pride and Prejudice 4. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are all the following EXCEPT ______. A. Francis Bacon B. Christopher Marlowe 1

全国2014年4月自考英美文学选读真题

绝密★考试结束前 全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试 英美文学选读试题 课程代码：00604 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。全部题目用英文作答。 选择题部分 注意事项： 1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。 2．每小题选出答案后，用2 B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。 I. Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each) Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the answer sheet. 1. Shakespeare has established his giant position in world literature with his ______ plays, 154 sonnets and 2 long poems. A. 27 B. 38 C.47 D. 52 2. john Milton’s literary achievement can be divided into three groups: the early poetic works, the middle prose pamphlets and the last ______. A. romances B. dramas C. great poems D. ballads 3. The novels of ______ are the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower— class people. A. John Milton B. Daniel Defoe C. Henry Fielding D. Jonathan Swift

英美文学选读试题详解4

英美文学选读-阶段测评4 成绩：30分 一、Multiple Choice 共40 题 题号: 1 本题分数:2.5 分 ( )is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th—century “stream—of—consciousness” novels and the founder of psychological realism. A、Theodore Dreiser B、William Faulkner C、Henry James D、Mark Twain (P498.para.2)亨利.詹姆斯是美国现实主义文学大师，他的作品往往涉及美国之外的主题，其作品的风格是“心理活动”。被誉为20世纪美国意识流文学的先驱。 标准答案：C 考生答案：D 本题得分：0 分 题号: 2 本题分数:2.5 分 Closely related to Dickinson’s religious poetry are her poems concerning( ),ranging over the physical as well as the psychological and emotional aspects of death. A、love and nature B、death and universe C、death and immortality D、family and happiness （P518para2）迪金森的诗歌涉及宗教和爱情两方面，而其涉及宗教的诗歌往往是以死亡和永恒为主题的，所以答案是C。 标准答案：C 考生答案：A

英美文学选读试题详解3

英美文学选读-阶段测评3 成绩：87.5分 一、Multiple Choice 共40 题 题号: 1 本题分数:2.5 分 https://www.doczj.com/doc/322967433.html,wrence’s novels( )are generally regarded as his masterpieces. A、The Rainbow，Women in Love B、The Rainbow，Sons and Lovers C、Sons and Lovers，Lady Chatterley’s Lover D、Women in Love，Lady Chatterley’s Lover （P370.para2）劳伦斯的成名作是《儿子和情人》，而其代表作是《虹》和《恋爱中的女人》 标准答案：A 考生答案：A 本题得分：2.5 分 题号: 2 本题分数:2.5 分 T.S.Eliot’s poem( )is heavily indebted to James Joyce in terms of the stream - of -consciousness technique,also a prelude to The Waste Land. A、―Prufrock‖ B、―Gerontion‖ C、The Hollow Men D、Lyrical Ballads （P358.para3）―Gerontion‖是一部用戏剧式独白写成的诗歌，是《荒原》的前奏曲，也采用了意识流派的文风。 标准答案：B 考生答案：B

本题得分：2.5 分 题号: 3 本题分数:2.5 分 https://www.doczj.com/doc/322967433.html,wrence’s autobiographical novel is( ). A、The Rainbow B、Women in Love C、Sons and Lovers D、Lady Chatterley’s Lover （P369.para1）劳伦斯的作品大多都是从心理上去探求让人的本能的，同时也反映人性中最内在的东西。其作品《儿子和情人》真实地反映了自己在童年时期的家庭状况，被视为其半自传体小说。 标准答案：C 考生答案：C 本题得分：2.5 分 题号: 4 本题分数:2.5 分 The typical representatives of G.B.Shaw’ s early plays are( ). A、Man and Superman，The Apple Cart B、Widowers’ House，Mrs. Warren’ s Profession C、Candida，Mrs. Warren’ s Profession D、The Apple Cart，Widowers’ House （P321-322）。萧伯纳的第一步剧作是Widowers’ House，写于1892年；第二部剧作是Mrs. Warren’ s Profession，写于1893年。 标准答案：B 考生答案：B 本题得分：2.5 分 题号: 5 本题分数:2.5 分 It was only after the publication of( )that https://www.doczj.com/doc/322967433.html,wrence was recognized as a prominent novelist.

自考英美文学选读要点总结第一章

Chapter I The Renaissance Period Definitions of the Literary Terms: 文艺复兴时期的界定 1. The Renaissance: The Renaissance marks a transition from the medie val to the modern world. Generally, it refers to the period between the 14 th & 17th centuries. 历史文化背景It first started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture & literature. From Italy the movement went to emb race the rest of Europe. The Renaissance, which means "rebirth" or "reviva l," is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the re-discovery of ancient Roman & Greek culture, the new discoverie s in geography & astrology, the religious reformation & the economic expa nsion. The Renaissance, therefore, in essence is a historical period in whic h the European humanist thinkers & scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that e xpressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, & to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church. 2. 文艺复兴到英国比较晚的原因The Renaissance was slow in reaching Englan d not only becaus e o f England?s separation from the Continent but also be cause of its domestic unrest. It was not until the reign of Henry VIII that the Renaissance really began to show its effect in England. With Henry VII I?s encouragement the Oxford reformers, scholars and humanists introduc ed classical literature to England. 15th century, began the English Renaissa nce, which was perhaps England?s Golden Age, especially in literature. 人文主义H umanism: Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. It sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the ancient author s and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its consci ous, intellectual side, for the Greek and Roman civilization was based on s uch a conception that man is the measure of all things. Through the new l earning, humanists not only saw the arts of splendor and enlightenment, b ut the human values represented in the works. Renaissance humanists fou nd in the classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see th at human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfections, and that the world they inhabited was thei rs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy. Thus, by emphasizin g the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, they voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the bea uty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wond ers. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the b est representatives of the English humanists. The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimi lation.

《英美文学选读》模拟试题(1)答案

《英美文学选读》模拟试题（一） 一、单项选择题 1.The excerpt from Chapter 10 of Sons and Lovers ends with the conflict between Paul and his mother. The conflict is possibly caused by Paul and his mother’s different views towards _____. A. Paul’s father B. art C. life D. Paul’s brother 2.The _____ can be regarded as one of the themes of Joyce’s story “Araby”. A. loss of innocence 在所有有關童年故事中，孩子都是同叔叔同姨媽同住，父母則不在身邊—這便是一種象征，象征父母與孩子之間骨肉親情的隔絕和一種正常關系的缺 失. B. childish love C. awareness of harsh life D. false sentimentality 錯誤的多愁善感 3.After reading “Araby”, one more feel the story has a _____ tone. A. joyous B. harsh C. solemn D. painful 4.In “Araby”, Joyce’s diction evokes a sort of _____ quality that characterizes the boy on this otherwise altogether ordinary shopping trip. A. religious B. moral C. sentimental D. vulgar 5.The major concern of _____ fiction lies in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature. A. D. H. Lawrence’s B. J. Galsworthy’s C. W. Thackeray’s D. T. Hardy’s 6.The mission of _____ drama was to reveal the moral, political and economic truth

自考英美文学选读 第一章 文艺复兴时期(英国)(课文翻译)

英美文学选读翻译（英语专业自考） 第一部分：英国文学 第一章文艺复兴时期 文艺复兴标志着一个过渡时期,即中世纪的结束和现代社会的开始。一般来说,文艺复兴时期是从十四世纪到十七世纪中叶。它从意大利兴起,伴随着绘画、雕塑和文学领域的百花齐放,而后文艺复兴浪潮席卷了整个欧洲。文艺复兴,顾名思义即重生、复苏,是由一系列历史事件激发推动的,其中包括对古希腊罗马文化的重新发现。地理天文领域的新发现,宗教改革及经济发展。因此,文艺复兴从本质上是欧洲人文主义者竭力摒弃中世纪欧洲的封建主义,推行代表新兴城市资产阶级利益的新思想,并恢复早期宗教的纯洁性,远离腐败的罗马天主教廷的一场运动。 文艺复兴浪潮影响到英国的速度比较慢,不仅因为英国远离欧洲大陆,而且还因为其国内的动荡不安。乔叟去世后的一个半世纪是英国历史上最动荡不安的时期。好战的贵族篡取了王位,使英国走上自我毁灭之路。著名的玫瑰之战就是极好的例子。后来理查三世的恐怖统治标志着内战的结束,在都铎王朝的统治下英国的民族情感又成长起来。然而直到亨利八世统治期间(1509-1547),文艺复兴的春风才吹入英国。在亨利八世的鼓励下,牛津的改革派学者和人文主义者们将古典文学引入英国。基于古典文学作品及《圣经》的教育重获生机,而十五世纪就被广泛传阅的文学作品则更加流行了。自此,英国的文艺复兴开始了。英国,尤其是英国文学进入了黄金时代。这个时期涌现出莎士比亚、斯宾塞、约翰逊、锡德尼、马洛、培根及邓恩等一大批文学巨匠。但英国的文艺复兴并未使新文学与旧时代彻底决裂,带有十四、十五世纪特点的创作态度与情感依然贯穿在人文主义与改革时代。 人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。它源于努力恢复中世纪产生的对古希腊罗马文化的尊崇。人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以"人"为中心,人是万物之灵。通过这些对古代文化崭新的研究,人文主义者不仅看到了光彩夺目的艺术启明星,还在那古典作品中寻求到了人的价值。在中世纪的社会中,个人完全隶属于封建统治,没有独立和自由可言;在中世纪的神学理论中,人与周围世界的关系仅仅是人消极适应或消极遁世,不允许追求快乐,以备死后灵魂得以超脱。然而人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到了充足的论据,来赞美人性,并开始注意到人类是光荣的生命,人自己可以不断发展,至善至美,而且人们生存的世界是属于他们的,供他们怀疑、探索以及享受。由此,人文主义者通过强调人类的尊严、强调今生今世的重要性,喊出了他们的信仰,即人类不仅有权利在今生今世美好生活,而且还有能力完善自我,创造奇迹。人文主义遍布英国思想领域的。标志是荷兰学者伊拉斯谟先后到牛津大学与剑桥大学讲授古典文化研究。托马斯·漠尔、克利斯朵夫·马洛和威廉·莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。

《英美文学选读》模拟试题(2)答案

《英美文学选读》模拟试题（二） 一、单项选择题 1.D. Father and son in the medieval period, it is Chaucer alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive _____ picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of valid _________ from all walks of life in his masterpiece “the Canterbury Tales”. A. visionary/women B. romantic/men C. realistic/characters D. natural/figures 2.Humanism sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique authors and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its conscious, intellectual side, for the Greek and Roman civilization was based on the conception that man is the _____ of all things. A. measure B. king C. lover D. rule 3.Many people today tend to regard the play “The Merchant of Venice” as a satire of the hypocrisy of ___________ and their false standards of friendship and love, their cunning ways of pursuing worldliness and their unreasoning prejudice against _____. A. Christians/Jews B. Jews/Christians C. oppressors/oppressed D. people/Jews 傳統的理論認為該劇的主題是褒揚安東尼奧Antonio與巴塞尼奧Bassanio之間的友誼，贊美鮑西婭Portia的完美:美貌，智慧與堅貞，並揭露了Jews--Shylock的貪婪與殘忍 但是經曆了几個世紀對對Jews不會平的待遇,今天許多人將該劇的主題看作chritains的hypocrisy ,為追求世俗利益而不擇手段以及對Jews不公正的偏見 補充閱讀 1) Bassanio——Portia 2) Antonio——Shylock The traditional theme of the play is to praise the friendship betweem Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a heroine of greate beaulity, wit and loyalty, and to expose the insatiable greed and brutality o f the Jew. Tody, many people tend to regard the play as a satire of the christians’ hypocrisy and their false standards of frindship and love, their cunning way of pursuing worldliness(俗心, 俗气) and their unreasoning prejudice against Jews.

英美文学选读试题及答案

英美文学选读试题 Ⅰ.Multiple Choice (40 points in all, 1 for each) Select from the four choices [A],[B],[C],[D] of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement and write the letter on the answer sheet. 1.Romance,which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of ___ adventures or other heroic deeds, is a popular literary form in the medieval period. A.Christian B.knightly C.Greek D.primitive 2.Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of ___. A.Piers Plowman B.Sir Gawain and the Green Knight C.Confessio Amantis D.The Canterbury Tales 3.Which of the following historical events does not directly help to stimulate the rising of the Renaiss sance Movement? A.The rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman culture. B.The new discoveries in geography and astrology. C.The Glorious revolution. D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion. 4.Which of the following statements best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare's Sonnet 18? A.The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature. B.The speaker satirizes human vanity. C.The speaker praises the power of artistic creation. D.The speaker meditates on man's salvation. 5.“And we wil l sit upon the rocks,/Seeing the shepherds feed their flocks,/By shallow rivers to whose falls/Melodious birds sing madrigals.”The above lines are probably taken from __. A.Spenser's The Faerie Queene B.John Donne's “The Sun Rising” C.Shakespeare's “Sonnet 18” D.Marlowe's “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love” 6.“Bassanio:Antonio,I am married to a wife Which is as dear to me as life itself; But life itself, My wife, and all the world. Are not with me esteem'd above thy life; I would lose all, ay, sacrifice them all, Here to the devil, to deliver you. Portia:Y our wife would give you little thanks for that, If she were by to hear you make the offer.” The above is a quotation taken from Shakespeare's comedy The Merchant of V enice. The quoted part can be regarded as a good example to illustrate ____. A.dramatic irony B.personification C.allegory D.symbolism 7.The ture subject of John Donne's poem,“The Sun Rising,” is to ___. A.attack the sun as an unruly servant B.give compliments to the mistress and her power of beauty C.criticize the sun's intrusion into the lover's private life D. lecture the sun on where true royalty and riches lie 8.Of all the 18thcentury novelists Henry Fielding was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a “___ in prose,”the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. A.tragic epic https://www.doczj.com/doc/322967433.html,ic epic

最新7月全国自考英美文学选读试题及答案解析

全国2018年7月自考英美文学选读试题 课程代码：00604 请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上（全部题目用英文作答） PART ONE (40 POINTS) I．Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each) Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. 1. The first mass movement of the English working class and the early sign of the awakening of the poor, oppressed people is_____. A. The Enclosure Movement B. The Protestant Reformation C. The Enlightenment Movement D. The Chartist Movement 2. Daniel Defoe’s works are all the following EXCEPT_____. A. Moll Flanders B. A Tale of a Tub C. A Journal of the Plague Year D. Colonel Jack 3. “Metaphysical Poetry” refers to the works of the 17th - century writers who wrote under the influence of _____. A. John Donne B. Alexander Pope C. Christopher Marlowe D. John Milton 4. The most important play among Shakespeare’s comedies is _____. A. A Midsummer Night’s Dream B. The Merchant of Venice C. As You Like It D. Twelfth Night 5. The most perfect example of the verse drama after Greek style in English is Milton’s _____. A. Paradise Lost B. Paradise Regained C. Samson Agonistes D. Areopagitica 6. Which of the following descriptions of Enlightenment Movement is NOT true? A. It was a progressive intellectual movement that flourished in France. B. It was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centuries. C. The purpose was to enlighten the whole world with moderu philosophical and artistic ideas. D. The Enlighteners advocate individual education. 7. Neoclassicists had some fixed laws and rules for prose EXCEPT_____. A. being precise B. being direct C. being flexible D. being satiric

自考英美文学选读要点总结精心整理

自考英美文学选读要点总结精心整理 [英国』Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至七世纪中叶）文艺复兴 1、Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance、人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。 2、 the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things、人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物之灵。 3、 Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy、人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。 4、 Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English

英美文学选读模拟试卷一

Network Education College, BLCU 《英美文学选读》模拟试卷一 注意： 1.试卷保密，考生不得将试卷带出考场或撕页，否则成绩作废。请监考老师负责监督。 2.请各位考生注意考试纪律，考试作弊全部成绩以零分计算。 3.本试卷满分100分，答题时间为90分钟。 4.本试卷分为试题卷和答题卷，所有答案必须答在答题卷上，答在试题卷上不给分。 I.Multiple Choice. (1 point for each, altogether 30 points) Directions:There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word that you think best complete the sentence. Write your answers on the answer sheet. 1. Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of_______. [A] Piers Plowman [B] Sir Gawain and the Green Knight [C] Confessio Amantis [D] The Canterbury Tales 2. In "After Apple- Picking," Robert Frost wrote: "For I have had too much / Of apple -picking: I am overtired/ Of the great harvest I myself desired." From these lines we can conclude that the speaker is_______. [A] happy about the harvest [B] still very much interested in apple-picking [C] expecting a greater harvest [D] indifferent to what he once desired 3.With Howells, James, and Mark Twain active on the literary scene,_______became the major trend in American literature in the seventies and eighties of the 19th century. [A] Sentimentalism [B] romanticism [C] realism [D] naturalism 4. Of the following American poets in the twentieth century, the one who has the best knowledge of Chinese culture is _______. [A] Robert Frost [B] Allen Ginsberg [C] Ezra Pound [D] Cummings 5. _______is the first important governess novel in the English literary history. [A] Jane Eyre [B] Emma [C] Wuthering Heights [D] Middlemarch 6. The Hemingway Code heroes are best remembered for their_______. [A] indestructible spirit [B] pessimistic view of life [C] war experiences [D] masculinity 7. Which of the following is taken from John Keats’Ode to a Nightingale? _______