北爱尔兰问题
北爱尔兰位于爱尔兰岛的东北部，面积为１４１２０平方公里，首府贝尔法斯特，人口约１６０万，其中６０％是英国移民后裔，他们信奉基督教新教，其余４０％是爱尔兰岛的土著后裔，信奉天主教。长期以来，他们分而聚居，互不往来。在北爱归属问题上，前者主张留在英国，后者则坚持回归爱尔兰。
北爱尔兰原是爱尔兰的领土。爱尔兰人是凯尔特人的后裔，世代住在爱尔兰岛上，６世纪时接受了罗马的天主教。１２世纪中叶，英国开始入侵爱尔兰。１８０１年，根据《英爱同盟条约》，爱尔兰正式并入英国版图，成立了“大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国”，英国完成了对爱尔兰的吞并，爱尔兰成为英国的第一块殖民地，在政治、经济、文化、宗教各方面深受压迫。爱尔兰人多次进行民族独立战争，反抗殖民者，１８８６年至１８９３年，在贝尔法斯特不断发生骚乱，不同信仰、不同政见的两个民族之间的暴力对抗使百人丧失生命；１９１６年爆发了都柏林的复活节起义，起义是由激进的新芬党领导的，目的是争取爱尔兰独立，由于英军武装镇压，起义最终失败，几千名起义者牺牲。因此，爱尔兰问题在英国存在了７００年。
１９１８年，英国举行大选，爱尔兰选出的议员大部分是争取民族独立的新芬党人。他们不去伦敦参加议会，在都柏林成立了自己的爱尔兰议会，并于１９１９年１月宣布成立爱尔兰共和国，组成临时政府，并组织成２，０００人的共和军，到处开展反英斗争，解放大片土地，同时派出代表与英政府谈判，要求承认爱尔兰独立。被第一次世界大战弄得虚弱不堪的英国，无力再打一场国内战争，被迫于１９２１年１２月与爱尔兰临时政府签订和约，承认爱尔兰南部２６郡为“自由邦”，北方６郡仍留在英国。这时英国国名也改为“大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国”。１９３７年，爱尔兰“自由邦”宣布建立共和国，但仍留在英联邦内。１９４８年１２月２１日，爱尔兰宣布正式脱离英联邦。１９４９年４月１８日英国
承认爱尔兰独立，但拒绝归还北方６郡，由此便产生了北爱尔兰问题。
北爱尔兰留在英国是与爱尔兰大多数人的意愿相违背的，新芬党党内也产生分岐。部分领袖和共和军战士坚决反对１９２１年和约。共和军立即宣布自己不再属于自由邦，成立了独立的单位，选出了自己的领袖，并从１９２１年１月起展开了争取南北爱统一的斗争。
但是，这时爱尔兰的分割已成定局。当时在北方６郡，由于英国几个世纪的移民，英格兰和苏格兰的后裔已占多数，他们坚决主张北爱留在英国。英国对北爱尔兰实行地方自治。北爱在１９２１年６月召开了第一次议会，成立了自治政府。地方自治政府有议会、内阁总理，它可选举１２名议员参加英国下院。但它的国防、外交、财政、邮电和部分税收权力均由英国政府直接管理，具体由英国政府的北爱尔兰事务大臣掌管。
英国对爱尔兰的分割，是爱尔兰族人一致反对的。爱尔兰政府自成立以来，一直提出和平统一南北爱尔兰的要求，但英国政府不予理睬。英国政府认为，北爱尔兰的归属应由北爱尔兰全体居民决定。这样，爱尔兰共和军就把武力争取南北爱的统一作为自己行动的唯一目标。一场为北爱尔兰而战的斗争延续至今，英国的爱尔兰问题演成了北爱尔兰问题。
从１９６８年起，主张北爱脱离英国的天主教徒与愿意继续留在英国的新教徒以及英国当局之间的暴力冲突不断升级。
１９６８年８月，“北爱尔兰民权协会”举行了第一次要求公民权利的和平游行，在游
行中与部分警察和新教徒发生激烈冲突，导致了一场持续了一年多的流血事件。１９６９年，英国军队进驻北爱尔兰，爱尔兰共和军用暴力驱逐英军。１９７２年，英政府宣布暂停北爱地方议会的活动，由英国实行直接统治。１９７３年６月，北爱选出了新的议会，并于１１月筹组起第一个由英爱两族“温和派”分掌权力的地方联合政府。同年北爱尔兰就北爱归属问题举行公民投票，结果大多数人愿意留在英国，但另一部分人坚决主张脱离英国，以实现南北爱尔兰的统一，新芬党便是这些人的代表。
１９８５年１１月，爱尔兰和英国政府就北爱尔兰问题达成一
项协议，规定组成两国政府间部长会议，爱尔兰政府有权就北爱事
务提出看法和建议。
１９９２年２月，爱尔兰总理雷若兹赴英国就北爱问题同梅杰首相会晤，并达成协议，同意就北爱问题举行定期会晤。
１９９３年，爱尔兰共和军政治代表新芬党领导人亚当斯和天主教温和派领袖约翰·休姆联合宣布了一项和平计划。１２月，两国政府首脑签署了关于北爱问题的“联合宣言”，确定了北爱主张搞暴力的各派永远放弃暴力，实现持久和平为第一步目标。北爱的所有政党，只要停止暴力，都可以参加有关北爱前途的谈判。双方同意通过协议和合作的方式结束爱尔兰南北的分裂局面。爱尔兰政府同意修改其宪法中有关北爱领土问题的条款，但表示应将其作为整个政治解决的一部分。１２月１５日，英国和爱尔兰共同签署了一项具有历史意义的“唐宁街协议”，该协议设定了若干框架，成为北爱和平进程正式启动的标志。
１９９４年８月３１日，在北爱尔兰进行了长达２５年的暴力活动后，爱尔兰共和军发表声明，宣布从午夜起实行“无条件的和不限期的”停火，这为北爱尔兰问题的“公正和永久的解决”提供了机会。
贝尔法斯特市政厅
１９９５年２月２２日，英爱两国政府宣布达成“新框架协议”，其内容包括建立一个北爱议会，拥有有限行政和立法权；两国承诺修改关于北爱地位的法建；根据北爱多数人意愿决定北爱的地位；建立跨边界机构，由两国政府授予其咨询、协调和行政权力等。３月２２日至４月２１日，英国从北爱尔兰撤出驻军共８００人。爱尔兰政府也多次释放爱尔兰共和军犯人作为对爱尔兰共和军宣布停火的回报。
１９９７年７月１９日，爱尔兰共和军发表声明，宣布从２０日中午起开始正式停火。２０日停火决定正式正效，给长期陷入僵局的北爱尔兰和平进程带来新的契机。７月２８日，新芬党和英国政府举行了共和军停火后的首次会谈。９月９日，新芬党正式签署了一项关于放弃暴力的宣言。９月１５日，北爱尔问题多方会谈在北爱的斯托蒙特举行，北爱尔兰五个亲英国的政党抵制了这次会谈，新芬党自１９２１年以来首次应邀同英国直接会谈。１０月７日，多党和平谈判在北爱首府贝尔法斯特举行，标志着北爱多党谈判终于进入实质性阶段。这是自１９２１年北爱尔兰６个郡划归英国以来，８个政党参加的首次直接谈判。１２月１１日，英国首相布莱尔和新芬党领导人亚当斯就北爱尔兰和平问题举行会谈。这是７６年来英国首相与新芬党领导人首次在伦敦举行会谈。１２日，新芬党领袖亚当斯在英国伦敦首相府受到英国首相布莱尔的接见，这是７０年来的第一次。
１９９８年４月１０日，北爱尔兰和平谈判主席乔治·米切尔在北爱的贝尔法斯特宣布，北爱冲突各方通过不懈努力，终于达成一项旨在结束长达３０年流血冲突的历史协议。根据该协议，北爱尔兰继续留在英国，但将与爱尔兰建立更加紧密的关系，北爱将成立新议会和负责协调同爱尔兰关系的“南北委员会”。同时，英国和爱尔兰都将修改宪法等。４月１８日，北爱尔兰最大的亲英组织“北爱统一党”的执行委员会以５４０票赞成，２１０票反对，投票通过了和平协议，为定于下月举行的全民公决铺平了道路。５月２２日，英国的北爱尔兰地区和爱尔兰共和国举行历史性全民公决，并分别以７１％和９４．４％的投票结果通过
了４月１０日达成的北爱和平协议。
１９９９年１１月２９日，北爱议会选举产生权力共享（由新教徒和天主教徒联合
组成）的北爱地方政府执行机构，正式吸纳
新芬党进入北爱地方政府。３０日，英国议
会上下两院相继通了北爱事务大臣曼德尔森
提交的地方管理权力法案。１２月１日，英国女王伊丽莎白二世批准该法案，完成了向北爱地方政府移交管理权力的所有法律程
序。１２月２日，北爱历史上第一个由原先对立的新教徒和天主教徒联合组成的地方政府开始运作，标志着英国政府对北爱长达２７年的直接统治正式宣告结束；当日，爱尔兰议会对宪法进行了修改，决定正式放弃对北爱尔兰长达几十年的领土要求。
２００２年１０月，北爱地方议会新芬党成员办公室曝出“间谍案”，自治政府随即停止运作，此后近５年中英国政府将北爱地方政府的自治权收回中央政府。２００７年３月２６日，新教政党民主统一党与天主教政党新芬党领袖达成协议，决定从５月８日开始建立地方自治联合政府，分享政权。同年５月８日，北爱尔兰民主统一党领袖佩斯利和新芬党领导人麦吉尼斯在北爱首府贝尔法斯特同时宣誓就任北爱新政府第一部长和第二部长，这标志北爱正式恢复分权自治政府。
2007年5月8日，北爱尔兰新教政党民主统一
党领袖佩斯利、北爱尔兰事务大臣兼威尔士事
务大臣彼得·海因、英国首相布莱尔、爱尔兰总理埃亨和新芬党领导人麦吉尼斯（从右至左）
在位于贝尔法斯特的议会大楼会晤。 英爱联合声明要点（２０００年）
２０００年５月４日至５日，英国和爱尔兰两国领导人在贝尔法斯特分别与北爱主要政
党领导人举行会谈，两国政府于５日晚发表了一项联合声明。声明摘要如下：
１、两国政府在近几周内对执行受难节协议的情况进行了评估。２、虽然在实施协议方面已经取得很大进展，但双方在如何以及何时实施协议的其它规定方面有不同意见。３、两国政府认为，为确保协议的完全实施所必需的其它措施可望在２０００年６月前落实，它们保证为达此目标而努力。它们已经制定出所要采取的措施，而且正在向有关各方介绍这些措施。４、如果各方对这项声明反应积极，英国政府将恢复必要的秩序，以使北爱尔兰议会能够在２０００年５月２２日恢复工作。５、两国政府坚信现在已有实施协议的所有其它规定的明确建议，认为准军事组织现在必须紧急地和明确地表明，它们将以可以核查的方式将他们的武器全部封存。作为回应，英国政府将在２０００年６月前采取进一步的实质性的正常化措施。６、独立的国际解除武装委员会将继续完成它根据协议的规定所承担的任务。７、两国政府将在同爱尔兰各方保持磋商的情况下，定期评估在全面实施协议所有规定方面所取得的进展。
英语国家概况考试题型如下： 1.选择题（30 X 1’） 2.填空题（20 X 1’） 3.简答（10 X 2’）--必须回答完整的句子 4.分析题（6 X 5’）-- 必须回答完整的句子 总分100 分 主要内容包括： 一．U.S. Geography 1.Full name of U.S.. 2.Number of States: 50 states. 3.After President Jefferson brought the Louisiana territory from France there was a desire for territorial expansion among many frontier men. 4.The U.S. has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometers. The fourth largest countries. 5.Taxas is the largest mainland state of the U.S.. Alaska is the largest state of the U.S.. 6.Hawaii is in the Pacific Ocean. 7.America’s movies are mostly made in Hollywood near the city of Los Angeles in south California. 二．U.S. People 1.The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the US is the Blacks (Afriican-Americans). 2.The “first Americans” were the Indians. 3.The Asian-Americans are the fastest-growing racial and ethnic group in the United States. 4.The first permanent settlement in North America was established in today’s V erginia in the year of 1607. 5.The “Three Faiths” in the U.S. refer to: ?Protestan ?Catholic ?Jewish 6.The majority of the Catholics in the U.S. are descendants of immigrants from Ireland, Italy and Poland. 7.American society is a stratified one in which power, wealth and pestige are unequally distributed among the population. 8.WASP stands for White Anglo-Saxon Protestant.
英语国家概况-Land and people I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分 1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。 2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 3. The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones. 不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。 4.Three political divisions on the island：England, Scotland and Wales. 大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。 (1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section. 英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。 (2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。首府：爱丁堡。 (3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫 (4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast. 北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府：贝尔法斯特。 5.The Commonwealth (of nations)is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991. 英联邦是独立的前英国殖民地组成的自由联合体。它成立于1931年，至1990年止已有50个成员国。 II. Geographical Features 英国的地理特征 1.Geographical position of Britain: 英国的地理位置： Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. 英国是一个岛国。它位于大西洋北部，与欧洲大陆的北海岸隔海相望。南面的英吉利海峡和东面的北海将它与欧洲其它部分隔开。 2.The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; and the east and southeast are mostly lowlands. 英国的西部和北部主要是高地，东部和东南部主要是低地。 III. Rivers and Lakes 河流与湖泊 Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Britain (1,343m).
《英语国家概况》课程习题集西南科技大学成人、网络教育学院版权所有 习题 【说明】：本课程《英语国家概况》（编号为12010）共有单选题,名词解释题,简答题,填空题2等多种试题类型，其中，本习题集中有[简答题]等试题类型未进入。 一、单选题 1. Celts were different groups of ancient people who came originally from________ A. France B. Denmark C. Ireland D. Germany 2. Who invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC? A. Emperor Claudius B. Julius Caesar C. King Alfred D. King Ethelred 3. Who is the author of Murder in the Cathedral? A. Christopher Marlowe B. T. S. Eliot C. Ben Johnson D. Thomas Becket 4.When Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, and was succeeded by his son, ______, the regime began immediately to collapse. A. Henry B. Hamilton C. Richard D. Charles 5. The 18th century saw selective breeding of cattle, sheep and houses by _________. A. Jethro Tull B. Thomas Coke C. George III D. Robert Bakewell 6. Which of the following is not one of the members of the Lords Temporal? A. all hereditary peers and peeresses of the England, Scotland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom (but not peers of Ireland) B. lire peers created to assist the House in its judicial duties C. senior bishops of the Church of England D. all other life peers 7. Two years after the ending of the Hundred Years’ War with France, England was thrown into another series of civil wars, ________. A. the War of the Celts
英语国家概况》期末复习题（含答案） （第I卷客观题共45分） 1. 选择题（共30 分; 每题1 分） U.K. 1. The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on ___ . D A. passing the bills B. advising the government C. political parties D. public attitude 2. The policies of the Conservative Party in Great Britain are characterized by pragmatism and . D A. government intervention B. nationalization of enterprises C. social reform D. a belief in individualism 3. Oxford University is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. 4. Cabinet members are chosen by ___ in Britain. B A. the monarch B. the Prime Minister C. the Archbishop D. the Lord Chancellor 5. English belongs to the Germanic group of Indo-European family of languages. 6. The Severn River is the longest river in Britain. 7. The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except ___ . A A. Trooping the Color B. Queen 's Christmas message C. Boxing Day D. Christmas pantomime 8. Among Britain q'uaslity press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “ BigThree with the exception of The Observer. 9. In 2012, Britain had a population of about 63 million. 10. The two main islands of the British Isles are Great Britain and Ireland. 11. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher once said that, “ Britain and tht e dUSntiates will stand side by side ”. 12. The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it ___ . A A. set up the National Health Services B. improved public transportation C. abolished the old tax system D. enhanced the economic development 13. Margaret Thatcher go'v s ernment introduced the biggest changes in British economic policy since World War II. 14. Charles Dickens is a representative of English Critical Realism at the turn of the 19 th century. 15. The three principle features of the climate of Britain are the following EXCEPT ___ . C A. the frequent fog in winter B. the large number of rainy days C. extreme coldness even in summer D. changeability all the year round 16. Samuel Johnson 'dsictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of spelling in English. 17. The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of Latin and Greek words to English. 18. __ was not among the four self-governing dominions in the British Empire. C A. Australia B. Canada C. India D. the Union of South Africa 19. Of the following sectors in Britain, service industry has experienced spectacular growth si nee the end of World War II. 20. Cambridge has more Nobel Prize winners than any other institution in Britain.
英语国家概况课程标准 课程代码： 适用专业：商务英语 一、课程概述 1．课程性质 语言是文化的载体，文化是语言的基础。英语语言学习和英国国家文化相互依存、密不可分。一个优秀的英语语言学习者，若不了解该语言背后所承载的民族文化，其交际能力也会受到限制。该课程能使学生了解和掌握英美两国政治，历史，经济，社会，文化和教育等基本知识，了解英美国家社会发展、现状和影响这两个国家社会发展的因素，拓展学生的知识面，培养学生文化意识，启发学生了解西方社会，了解交际规则，增强学生的英语语言学习能力，为后续专业课程的学习打下一定的基础，进而为培养高技能应用型复合人才打下基础。 2．课程设计思路 本课程在设计上围绕合作学习法—任务型教学法、比较教学法、线索梳理法、启发式等教学法。 合作学习法—任务型教学法 合作学习法又称协作学习，是以合作学习小组为基本形式，系统利用教学中动态因素之间的互动，促进学生的学习，以团体成绩作为评价标准，共同完成教学活动。任务型教学法是一种以任务或活动为核心单位计划组织语言教学的途径,一种强调“在做中学”的语言教学方法。合作学习法与任务型教学法结合是指教师设计学习任务，指导并帮助学生以小组为单位通过合作、协商完成学习任务的教学过程。主要采用组织演示、演讲、讨论等形式。 2）比较教学法 比较教学法是在教学过程中，利用教学内容的相互联系和区别，促进学生掌握和巩固教学内容、达到教学目标的一种逻辑思维方法。例如，在学习美国的政体时，我们可以和英国政体、甚至是我国的政体进行比较，异中求同，同中求异。从而对“Parliament”、“Congress”和我国的NPC （The National People’s Congress）形成更深刻的理解。运用这种教学法不仅有利于学生掌握基本知识与技能，而且有利于提高学生的创造性思维能力。3）线索梳理法 线索梳理法，尤其是历史年代轴线表示法是表达历史线索最清晰的一种方式，这种方式的特点是易于梳理，可操作性强，非常直接，便于记忆。比如说，英国历史很长，如果不进行梳理，很难记忆，如果整理成一条线索，效果却不能同日而语： Early settlers——Roman invasions——Anglo-Saxons——the Viking and Danish Invasions——the Norman Conquest——William’s Rule——the Great Charter——the Hundred Year’s War——the English Reformation——the English Renaissance——the Civil War——the Glorious Revolution——the Industrial Revolution——the two World Wars 同样，美国历史部分可整理成这样一条线索： The war of Independence——the War of 1812——territorial expansion and Westward Movement——the Civil War——the two World Wars——the Cold War——the Berlin Blockade——the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s——the Vietnam War 二、课程培养目标 1．知识目标 了解主要英语国家的地理，历史，经济和政治等方面的概况；了解主要英语国家的文化传统，风俗习惯和社会生活的其他有关情况。 2．技能目标 扩大知识面，有效弥补英语专业学生知识面窄的不足；提高英语阅读的能力和语言应用能力。 3．素质目标
Chapter 1 land and people are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain,England,the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth The British Isles,Greant Britina and England are geographical names, no the official names of the country,while the official name is the United Kingdom,but the full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern British Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britian. the geographical position of Britian Britain is an island country. It lies in the north Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of is separated from the rest of Europe by the English channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. in Great Britain are mostly highland and lowland The north and west of Britain are mainly highland, while the south and south-east are mostly lowlands. Britain have a favourable climate why Yes,it has a favourable climate, because it has a maritime type of climate---winters are mild,not too cold and summers are cool, not too has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole has a small range of temperature,too. are the factors which influence the climate in Britain Which part of Britain has the most rainfall and which part is the driest
第一章British the republic of ireland became independent in the year(1949) the british empire was replaced by the british commonwealth in(1931) the English people and the English language were born from the union of(norman conquerors an the defeated anglo-sax ons the first known settlers of Britain were (the iberians) about 80000 scots speak gaelic which is an ancient (celtic language) the ancestors of the welsh were the ancient(celts) the average population density in Britain is(250)people per square kilo in 1066 harold and his troops fought against William on Senlac field near(hastlings) the Plantagenet dynasty was found by(henry 2) english reformation was carried out by(henry8) simon de Montfort reform beginning of English (parliament) from 1649 to 1658,it was ruled first by oliver Cromwell as(lord protector) it was during the reign of(anne)the the name great Britain came into being in 1707 the 1851 london great exposition was held in the crystal palace designed by queen(victoria)husband albert. the house of commons has(650)members of parliament british conservative party(tory)party in the 18th century the house of common is headed by（the speaker） the economic policy in the 1950s and 1960s was based on(john maynard keynes) in Britain less than(2/)are farmers britain became a net exporter of oil in the(1980s) the following financial institutions have their headquarters in London except(royal bank of scotland) to stimulate economic recovery, the thacher polcies but(interventionism) britain is the(sixth)largest trading nation british oil fields were discovered on the(north sea) the national health service was established in(1948) (central government)is directly responsible for the nhs children up to the age of (16) can receive family allowance for children (the baptists)is not among the anglican churches (the Methodist church)is the largest of the free churches the principal non-Christian communities in Britain are(the jews) the church of scotland is a(Presbyterian) (the free churches)in Britain have also been known as dissenters (7) roman catholic provinces in great Britain the church of english has two provinces, they are(Canterbury and york) there are some (90)universities the universities of oxford and cambridge date from the (12th and 13th) (public schools)are independent schools secondary education in(northern ireland) is selective harrow school is a(public school) higher education is usually defined as advanced course of a standard higher(gce a level) the following universities belong to red brick except(glasgow) the leading scientific society in Britain is(the royal society) the times is a (quality daily) the daily mirror is a popular daily
Unit1 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom 1.The flag of Britain : Union Jack （英国国旗中没有显示出Welsh旗） 2. The basic information of each country: Count ry Capital Area Memo Englan d London 最大 1.最不会把自己的 “英格兰文化区 别于其他文化” 2.一个高度城市化
3.The time joining the British parliament: However, in 1707 by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments, Scotland joined the Union. 4.Difference between the British Isles ,UK, Great Britain , and England: British Isles: the island of Great Britain the island of Ireland
surrounding isles ●UK=Great Britain + Northern Ireland ●Great Britain =England +Scotland + Wales 5.The four major invasions in the history of Great Britain : At first, England was occupied by Celtic people. Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman Empire. Result: England and Wales became a part of the Roman Empire for nearly 400 years. the Angle-Saxon invaded. Result: The land they lived became" Angle-land", later changed into England, the language they spoken became English. PS：One of the best-known English legends derives from this time. In 5 century AD, King Author(亚瑟王) united the British, and with his magical sword, Excalibur（被称为“王者之剑”的圣剑）,
Chapter1 1.The two main islands of the British Isles are A . 不列颠群岛的两个主要岛屿是 A. Great Britain and Ireland B. Great Britain and Scotland C. Great Britain and Wales D. Great Britain and England 2. B is the capital city of Scotland. 是苏格兰的首府 A. Belfast B. Edinburgh C. Aberdeen D. Cardiff 3.Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, D is the smallest. 在英国的四个部分中，是最小的 A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Northern Ireland 4.group of Indo-European family of languages. A. Celtic B. Indo-Iranian C. Germanic D. Roman 5.The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of D words to English. 基督教传入英国，增加了英语的第一个元素。 A. Danish and Finnish B. Dutch and German C. French and Italian D. Latin and Greek 6.The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the A influence. 中间英语的演变因影响而增强 A. Norman B. Dutch C. German D. Danish 7.Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of C . 塞缪尔约翰逊的字典对建立标准形式有很大影响 A. grammar B. handwriting C. spelling D. pronunciation 8.’s population communicate in English. A. half B. a quarter C. one third D. one fifth Chapter2 9. A. Norman B. Danish C. Celtic D. Germanic 10. A. Celtic Christianity B. Anglo-Saxon Christianity C. Germanic Christianity D. Roman Christianity 11.The C marked the establishment of feudalism in England. 标志着英国封建制度的建立 A. Viking invasion B. signing of the Magna Carta C. Norman Conquest D. Adoption of common law 12.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of C . 玫瑰战争的结束导致了统治的结束
英语作业答案 Unit 1 Ⅰ.Read the following statements carefully and decide whether they are True or False. 1. The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England, Scotland and Wales. (T)英伦三岛包括英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。 2.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country. (F)British 3. Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language. (F) 4.In terms of population and area，Northern Ireland is the second largest part of the United Kingdom. (F)英格兰是面积最大，人口最多的 5. The longest river of Britain originates in Wales. (T)The River Severn:赛文河 6. Because of political troubles，Northern Ireland has been quite significant among the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom. (T) Ⅱ. Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements. 1. The two main islands of the British Isles are. 不列颠群岛是由两个大岛组成的：不列颠和爱尔兰 A.Great Britain and Ireland B.Great Britain and Scotland C.Great Britain and Wales D.Great Britain and England 2. is the capital city of Scotland. A. Belfast B. Edinburgh C. Aberdeen D. Cardiff 3. Among the four parts of the United Kingdom，is the smallest. A.England B. Scotland C.Wales D. Northern Ireland 4. The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element ofwords to English. A. Danish and Finnish B. Dutch and German C. French and Italian D. Latin and Greek 5. The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by theinfluence. A. Norman B. Dutch C. German D. Danish 6. Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of. A. grammar B. handwriting C.spelling D. pronunciation 7. At present, nearly of the world’s population communicate in Engli sh. A. half B. aquarter C. One third D. one fifth III. Give brief answers to the following questions· 1. What is the full name of the U.K.? The full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland? They like to enjoy the beautifulScottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsman wearing kilts and playing bagpipes. 3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into
??????????????????????精品自学考料推荐?????????????????? 全国 2018 年 4 月高等教育自学考试 英语国家概况试题 课程代码： 00522 全部题目用英文作答，并将答案写在答题纸的相应位置上，否则不计分。 Ⅰ. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (40 points, 1 point for each) 1.Traditional British farming involved（）, which dated back to the 5th century. A. the open field system B. the system of crop rotation C. the use of artificial fertilizer D. the use of new agricultural machinery 2.In Britain, the First Civil War was fought between the Roundheads who were the parliamentary soldiers led by （） , and the Cavaliers who were King Charles ’ s supporters. A. John Lilburne B. Oliver Cromwell C. Prince Rupert D. William Joyce 3.（） radically changed the face of London for the first time since the Great Fire nearly three centuries earlier. A. The Black Death B. The Civil War C. The First World War D. The Blitz 4.The objective of the Chartist Movement was democratic rights for all men, and it took its name form “（）” . A. The Bill of Rights B. The Agreement of the People C. the People ’ s Charter D. the Great Charter 5.Today, the Domesday Book is kept in the Public Records Office in （） . A. Cambridge B. Oxford C. London D. York 6.In Britain, thanks to the militant feminist movement of the suffragettes before the First World War, votes were granted to women over （） in 1918. A. 20 B.25 C. 30 D. 35 7.By （） Britain had built up a big empire, “ on which the sun never set” . A. 1900 B. 1910 C. 1920 D. 1930 1