第四讲动词的时态和语态
时态是语法填空的必考内容，最常考的是一般过去时或者主语是第三人称单数的一般现在时，以及进行时和一般将来时；语态也是要考查的内容。另外，在短文改错中，时态、语态也是必考内容。在书面表达中，时态和语态的选择至关重要，如若在书面表达中适当地运用被动语态，可使句式更加多样化，有时甚至更加自然生动。
命题趋势：1.以时态的考查为主，语态的考查为辅；
2．在语法填空和短文改错中侧重考查一般时；
3．设题根据语境中上下文的信息判断时态以及语态。
考点一一般时
1．一般现在时
①Yangshuo is really beautiful.
阳朔景色真美。
②Around two o'clock every night，Sue will start talking in her dream.It somewhat bothers us.
每晚两点左右，苏就开始说梦话。这使我们有点烦恼。
③If you arrive，please give me a phone call.
如果你到了，请给我打电话。
④I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.
我上小学时就知道了地球围绕太阳转。
⑤Here comes the bus.
公共汽车来了。
[规律总结]
1．主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often，always，from time to time等时间状语。
2．表示客观规律、事实和永恒真理。
3．在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：when，until，after，before，as soon as，once，the moment/the minute，the day；if，unless，provided，so/as long as。
4．用于here，there开头的倒装句中，一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。2．一般过去时
①It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn.
我在黎明前到达阳朔，此时正下着小雨。
②Could you please repeat your address？I didn't quite catch it.
你能不能再重复一下你的地址？我没听清。
③I felt very tired when I got home，and I went straight to bed.
我到家的时候感到非常累，就直接上床睡觉了。
④—Long time no see！Haven't you graduated from college?
—Yes，I studied English for four years in Nanjing.
“好久不见！你大学毕业了吗？”
“毕业了，我在南京学了四年英语。”
⑤I always got up late，and never had enough time for breakfast.
我总是很晚起床，从来没有足够的时间吃早饭。
[规律总结]
1．表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday，last year，last night，the other day，just now，then，two days ago，in 1999，at that time等。
2．表示过去一段时间内完成的动作。
3．表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
4．在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，表示过去将来的动作。
3．一般将来时
①By the time you have finished this book，your meal will get cold.
到你看完这本书的时候，饭菜就会凉了。
②—Do you know Mr.Smith has come to our town?
—No.I will go and visit him right now.
“你知道史密斯先生来我们镇了吗？”
“不知道。我现在就去看他。”
③The meeting is to be held at 3 o'clock this afternoon.
会议将在今天下午3点举行。
④“Give me a supportive point，”Archimedes once said，“and a place to stand －and I will move the world.”
阿基米德曾说：“给我一个支点，我就可以撬动地球。”
⑤The flight takes off at 2：30 every Wednesday and Friday.
飞机每星期三、星期五2：30起飞。
⑥We are going to have a class meeting this afternoon.
今天下午我们打算开班会。
[规律总结]
1．将来时的构成为will/shall/be going to＋动词原形。表示一个将要发生的动作或状态。2．will，shall表示将来，有时含偶然性、临时性决定的意思。
3．“be to do”和“be going to＋动词原形”表示“计划、打算要做某事”，此外，be going to还可表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。
4．“祈使句＋and/or＋句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。
5．某些动词的一般现在时可以表示计划、安排将要做的事情，此种用法常常用于火车时刻、飞机时刻、电影开演、作息安排等时刻表上。
考点二进行时
1．现在进行时
①Progress indicates a person's ability to change t he way he is living at the moment. 进步表明一个人在改变他目前的生活方式方面的能力。
②“The moment is coming soon，” he thought to himself, waiting nervously.
“这一刻就要来到了，”他自思自忖，紧张地等待着。
③My aunt is leaving for Shanghai at eleven o'clock tomorrow morning.
明天早上十一点我婶婶将前往上海。
④Tom is alway s coming late for meetings，which makes his boss very angry.
汤姆开会老是迟到，这使他的老板很生气。
[规律总结]
1．现在进行时的构成为am/is/are＋doing。表示某阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事，虽然此时动作不一定正在进行，常与these days，this week等时间状语连用。
2．现在进行时还可表示按计划或安排将要进行的动作，这类动词主要有：go，come，leave，stay，start，arrive，land，meet，move，return，stay，stop，do等。
3．表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always，continually，constantly，forever，all the time等连用。
2．过去进行时
①Jim was watching a late-night film at home when，right in the middle of a thrilling scene，the television went blank.
吉姆正在家里看午夜电影，就在看到一个惊险场面的时候，电视变得一片空白。
②The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.
当那个男孩的父亲下班回来时，他正在做作业。
③I was coming to visit you later that day，but I had to phone and cancel.
我打算那天晚些时候去看你，但是不得已打电话取消了。
[规律总结]
1．过去进行时的构成为was/were＋doing。表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。
2．表示运动和位置移动的动词可以用过去进行时表示过去将来时。这类动词主要有leave，start，arrive，go，come等。
3．将来进行时
①I feel so excited！At this time tomorrow morning I will be flying to Shanghai. 我觉得特别兴奋！明天早晨这个时候我就要飞往上海了。
②The places of interest in Xi'an attract my family a ll the time，and I hope we will be enjoying ourselves over there this time next year.
西安的名胜古迹一直吸引着我们一家人，我希望明年的这个时候我们正在那里玩得愉快。[规律总结]
将来进行时的构成为will＋be＋doing。表示将来某一时刻或阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
考点三完成时
1．现在完成时
①The idea of being able to walk on water has long intereste d humans greatly. 能在水上行走的想法一直让人们很感兴趣。
②—Have you heard about the recent election?
—Sure，it has been the only thing on the news for the last three days.
“你听说过近期的选举吗？”
“当然了，它是近三天来新闻中唯一的事情。”
③I'll go home as soon as I've had my car repaired.
我一把车修好就回家。
④It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I came to this school. 这是我来到这个学校后参加过的最有教育意义的讲座。
⑤(2016·杭州学军中学模拟)It is the third time that you have been late for work this week，isn't it?
这已经是这周你第三次上班迟到了，不是吗？
[规律总结]
1．现在完成时的构成为have/has＋done。表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束。现在完成时常与up to now，so far，already，yet，now，recently，in the past few years，just，since then等表示时间的词连用。
2．用于时间、条件状语从句中，表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作发生，或者过去发生的动作对目前的影响。
3．在“It(This)is the best(worst，most interesting等)＋名词＋从句”中，从句中的谓语用现在完成时。
4．在“It(This) is(will be) the first/second/third…time＋that从句”中，that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。
2．过去完成时
①I found the lecture hard to follow because it had started when I arrived.
我发现这个报告很难懂，因为当我到的时候，它已经开始了。
②By the end of yesterday，we had received over 1,000 letters from all over the world. 到昨天为止，我们已经收到了来自世界各地的一千多封信。
③Hardly had the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking him questions.
演讲者一结束他的演讲，观众就不停地向他提问。
④By the time the messenger reached him，the damage had been done.
送信人赶到他那儿时，损失已经造成了。
⑤That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.
这是她第二次看见她的祖父了。
[规律总结]
1．过去完成时的构成为had＋done。表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语(before，after，by，up，till)，这种时态从来不孤立使用。
2．动词hope，expect，think，intend，mean，want，suppose，plan用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。
3．在“hardly(scarcely)…when…，no sooner…than…”句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意思为“一……就……”。
4．by，by the end，by the time，until，before，since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句，主句用过去完成时。
5．表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。
3．将来完成时
①By the time Mr.Smith arrives at th e supermarket，we will have stayed there for one hour.
等到史密斯先生到达超市时，我们将已经在那里待一个小时了。
②—I will have finished my project by the time you come to London.
—Great.This way you can act as my guide.
“等你到伦敦时我就把我的工作做完了。”
“太好了。这样你就可以做我的导游了。”
[规律总结]
将来完成时的构成为will＋have＋done。主要表示某一动作到将来某个时间完成，上下文情景中常含有by短语，如by six o'clock，by the weekend，by the end of next month 等。
4．现在完成进行时
①—Tony，why are your eyes red?
—I have been cutting up peppers for the last five minutes.
“托尼，为什么你的眼睛那么红啊？”
“在过去的5分钟里，我一直都在切辣椒。”
②You have been saying you can succeed for five years.
五年来你一直在说你能成功。
③Too much has been happening today.
今天真是一个多事的日子。
[规律总结]
1．现在完成进行时的构成为have/has＋been＋doing。表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去，常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。
2．表示重复性动作。
3．表示某种感情色彩。
5．过去完成进行时
①I walked into the departme nt of licensing and greeted my dad，who had been waiting for me patiently for two hours.(动作不再继续)
我走进执照办理部门，和父亲打了招呼，此时他在那里已经耐心地等我两个小时了。
②After searching for half an hour，the man realized that his pen had been lying on the table all the time.(动作仍继续)
寻找了半个小时之后，这个人意识到他的钢笔一直都在桌子上。
[规律总结]
过去完成进行时的构成为had＋been＋doing。主要表示过去某一时间以前一直在进行的动作。表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始并延续到过去某一时间，这一动作可能已经停止也可能还在进行。
考点四被动语态的构成
He is reported to have broken a world record.
据报道，他打破了一项世界纪录。
2．“It＋be ＋过去分词＋从句”式的被动结构
It's said that they have discovered a new star.
据说他们发现了一颗新的星星。
3．“get＋done”构成的被动结构
get married 结婚；get hurt 受伤；get lost 迷路；get caught/stuck/trapped 被困 The patient got treated once a week.
那位病人一周治疗一次。
考点五 主动形式表被动意义
①His plan proved (to be) practical.
他的计划被证明符合实际。
②His books sell well，so they will be sold soon.
他的书很畅销，因此很快就会卖光。
③The door won't open，so we will ask a repairman to open it.
这门打不开，所以我们请修理工打开它。
④As a
result of the serious flood，two-thirds of the buildings in the area deserve repairing/to be repaired.
由于严重的洪灾，这个地区三分之二的大楼需要修理。
[规律总结]
1．“系动词look ，sound ，feel ，smell ，taste ，appear ，seem ，go ，prove ，turn ，stay ，become ，fall ，get ，grow ，keep ＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构。
2．表示主语的某种属性特征的不及物动词，如read ，write ，sell ，wash ，clean ，wear ，open ，cook ，lock ，shut 等，可用主动形式表示被动意义。
3．动词want ，need ，require ，deserve 后接不定式的被动形式或动名词的主动形式意义相同。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2018·高考全国新课标卷Ⅰ) The review says it ______ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
2．(2018·高考全国新课标卷Ⅱ) Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop.Since 2011，the country ________(grow)more corn than rice.
3．(2018·高考全国新课标卷Ⅱ) The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ________ (start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
4．(2018·高考全国新课标卷Ⅲ) When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive.True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ________ (mean) me no real harm.
5．(2018·高考浙江卷) While regularly eating out seems to ________ (become) common for many young people in recent years, it's not without a cost.
6．(2017·高考北京卷)In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones ____________(invent) yet.
7．(2017·高考天津卷)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ____________(regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. 8．(2017·高考全国新课标卷Ⅲ)Sarah ____________(tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.
9．(2017·高考北京卷)People ____________(have) better access to health care than they used to, and they're living longer as a result.
10．(2017·高考江苏卷)The publication of Great Expectations, which ____________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist.
【答案】1.is 2.has grown 3.started 4.meant 5.have become 6.hadn't been invented 7.is regarded 8.was told 9.have 10.was
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2018·高考全国新课标卷Ⅰ) During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.I find a change there.
_____________________________________________________________
2．(2018·高考全国新课标卷Ⅲ) It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin.
_____________________________________________________________
3．(2017·高考全国新课标卷Ⅰ) Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned
the instructor's orders, but once I started the car, my mind goes blank.
_____________________________________________________________
4．(2017·高考全国新课标卷Ⅲ)When I look at this picture of myself, I realize how fast time flies.I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years.
_____________________________________________________________
5．(2016·高考全国新课标卷Ⅰ) Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】1.find→found 2.begin→begun 3.goes→went
4．had→have https://www.doczj.com/doc/361688661.html,ing→used
Ⅲ.语法填空
A
Mother Teresa was born in Yugoslavia，on August 27,1910.She 1.________ (attend) the government school near her home until she was eighteen.At that time，some doctors and nurses from Yugoslavia 2.________ (work) in India，and they often wrote to the school about their work.She decided to join them one day.
When she left school，she first went to Britain; then a year later she went to India，where she began to 3.________ (train) to be a teacher.After training，she
4.________ (send) to Calcutta，where she taught geography at a school and soon after
5.________ (become) headmistress (女校长)．
However，while she loved teaching，in 1946 Mother Teresa left the school and went to work in the poor parts of https://www.doczj.com/doc/361688661.html,ter she was trained to become a nurse in Patna，and then 6.________ (begin) her work helping the poor and comforting the dying in the streets of the city.Slowly，others came to help her，and her work 7.________ (spread) to other parts of India.
Mother Teresa was a well-known person forever.Many photos 8.________ (take) o f her，as she travelled around the world to open new schools and hospitals in poor countries.In 1979，she 9.________ (give) the Nobel Prize for the lifetime of love and service she 10.________ (give) to the poor.
【答案】1.attended 2.were working 3.be trained 4.was sent 5.became 6.began 7.spread 8.were taken
9．was given 10.had given
B
Welcome to our school.I'd like to introduce plans for our school to you.A lot of work 1.________(do)in the past few years.The library 2.________(complete)and is ready for use.But we'll still have to do more work.A new biology lab 3.________(build) this year.But we don't have enough money for the equipment.Students in all grades 4.________(collect) money.The money which is collected 5.________(spend) on new equipment.At present，a plan 6.________(make) for a party at the end of the term，at which wonderful performances 7.________(put) on.
The gardens of the school 8.________(improve) this year.New trees
9.________(plant) which will soon give shade in summer.The whole school
10.________(paint) during the summer holidays.In fact，our school is becoming more and more beautiful.
【答案】1.has been done 2.has been completed 3.is being built 4.are collecting 5.will be spent 6.is being made 7.will be put 8.are being improved 9.are being planted 10.is going to be painted
1. Please do me a favor — ______ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight. A. to invite B. inviting C. invite D. invited 2. —I called you last night，but nobody answered. —Oh，I usually________ off my cell phone by 8:00 pm. A. switched B. have switched C. switch D. had switched 3. I _________ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year. A. will play B. have played C. played D. play 4. The house belongs to my aunt but she D. doesn’t live 5. The father as well as his three children skating on the frozen river every Sunday A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going 6. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _____ the Pacific, and we met no storms. A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called 7. In many parts of the world, tea ________ milk mild and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served 8 The fact that so many people still smoke in public places ___ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking. A. suggest B. suggests C. suggested D. suggesting 9. Around two o’clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat ______ us. A. bothers B. had bothered C. would bother D. bothered 10. The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _______now. A. remains B. is remained C. is remaining D. has been remained 11. Look at the pride on Tom’s face. He_______ to have been praised by the manager just now. A. seemed B. seems C. had seemed D. is seeming 12. In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the "r" sounds at the end of the words . A. are dropped B. Drop C. are being dropped D. have dropped 13. —Do you have any problems if you —Well， A. offer C. are offered D. will be offered 14. The wet weather will continue tomorrow，when a cold front A. is expected C. expects D. will be expected 15. —How long do you want me to heat the oil? —Heat it till it ________ to smoke. A. would begin B. begins C. will begin D. began 16. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ___to eat more fruit and vegetables. A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded 17. — When will you come to see me, Dad? — I will go to see you when you the training course. A. will have finished B. will finish C. are finishing D. finish 18. Come and see me whenever _______. A. you are convenient B. you will be convenient C. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient
2007高考动词时态和语态 1. The flowers were so lovely that they __________ in no time. [2007 全国卷I] A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell 2. I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ________ there several years ago. [2007 全国卷 I] A. are going B. had been C. went D. have been 3. —Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad. —Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ____ of my friends back home. [2007 全国卷II] A. have just thought B. was just thinking C. would just think D. will just be thinking 4. —Tom, you didn’t come to the party last night? —I ____, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. [2007 全国卷II] A. had to B. didn’t C. was going to D. wouldn’ｔ 5. —Did you tidy your room? [2007 上海卷] —No, I was going to tidy my room but I ______ visitors. A. had B. have C. have had D. will have 6. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ in the past years. [2007 上海卷] A. discovered B. have discovered C. had been discovered D. have been discovered never have been able to afford to go. 7. They_____ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d [2007 山东卷] A．had got B．got C．have got D．get 8. —Did Peter fix the computer himself? —He ______, because he doesn't know much about computers. [2007 安徽卷] A. has it fixed B. had fixed it C. had it fixed D. fixed it 9. They became friends again that day. Until then, they _____ to each other for nearly two years. [2007 安徽卷] A. didn't speak B. hadn't spoken C. haven' t spoken D. haven' t been speaking 10. —How can I apply for an online course? —Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do four you. [2007 北京卷] A.see B.are seeing C. have seen D. will see 11. I got caught in the rain and my suit____.[2007 北京卷] A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined 12. —It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home. —Oh, don’t mention it. I _____past your house anyway. [2007 北京卷] A. was coming B. will come C. had come D. have come 13. —I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.[2007 福建卷] —Impossible. She TV with me in my home then. A.watched B.had watched C.would watch D.was watching 14. Danny hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. [2007 福建卷]
高考英语语法专题复习动词时态和语态 Document number：PBGCG-0857-BTDO-0089-PTT1998
高考英语语法复习专题：动词时态和语态 一、考点聚焦 1、动词时态考查要点简述 （1）一般现在时考点分析 ①表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制） The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. Water boils at 100o C. ②表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用 动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。 Ice feels cold. We always care for each other and help each other. ③表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。如： I know what you mean. Smith owns a car and a house. All the students here belong to Middle School. ④在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。 If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。 ⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一 个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。 The shop closes at 11:00 . every day. Tomorrow is Wednesday.
动词的时态和语态 时态 一般现在时 (1)可表示客观真理、科学事实。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起，从西方落下。 (2)可用在由if，unless引导的条件状语从句，由even/if/though引导的让步状语从句，由when，before，until/till，as soon as，the moment引导的时间状语从句，由no matter what/who/when/where/how或whatever，whoever等引导的让步状语从句中，这时主句往往表将来或主句是祈使句。 I’ll go with you as soon as I finish it. 我一做完，就与你一同去。 Whatever you say，I will not change my mind. 无论你说什么，我都不会改变主意。 一般过去时 表示“刚才，在过去”之意，暗示现在已“不再这样”。 —Your phone number again？I didn’t quite catch it. ——再重述一下你的电话码好吗？我没记下来。 —It’s 9568686. ——是9568686。 一般将来时 (1)“will＋动词原形”表示事物的固有属性与必然趋势。 Fish will die without water.离开水，鱼就会死。 (2)“be going to＋动词原形”可表示根据迹象对未来进行推断。 Look at the dark clouds.It is going to rain. 看那乌云，要下雨了。 (3)“be about to＋动词原形”表示立即的将来，很少与时间状语连用。 The train is about to start.火车就要开了。 (4)位移动词如e，go，arrive等，其一般现在时表按时间表将要发生的事，现在进行时可表计划、安排要做的事。
动词时态和语态练习题 1. We _____ with you for the time being. A. will stay B. will be staying C. would stay D. have stayed 2. —Who sings best in your class? —Mary _____. A. is B. does C. do D. sing 3. She _____ her pen in her room now. A. finds B. is finding C. looks for D. is looking for 4. What _____ you _____ tomorrow morning? A. are/going to do B. are/doing C. are/done D. have/done 5. It was not long before the water _____ cold. A. is feeling B. feels C. felt D. was feeling 6. I _____ as soon as you come back. A. went B. have gone C. am going D. shall go 7. The scientist _____ Canada and he will give us a talk when he _____ back. A. has gone to/comes B. has been to/will come C. has gone to/will come D. has been to/comes 8. He found his book this morning, but now he _____ his pen. A. loses B. is missing C. has lost D. lost 9. She ___?_ to her hometown several times. A. has been B. has gone C. went D. is going 10. It _____ Jane and Mary who helped me the other day. A. is B. was C. are D. were 11. I _____ to bed when the telephone rang. A. have been B. went C. am going D. was going 12. Jane _____ some washing this time yesterday. A. is doing B. had done C. was doing D. did 13. When I got to the school, the first class _____. A. had begun B. began C. is beginning D. has begun 14. Mother promised she _____ me an English-Chinese dictionary.
动词时态语态 汉语的时态大多是通过副词来表达的，而英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中常考的或较常用的有10种，而且重点测试完成时态。要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1、一般现在时；主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理；按照计划安排好了将要发生的动作（一般指时刻表）等。 He usua lly goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. She has a brother who lives in New York. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点三：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter ＋宾语从句，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment. 只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。 考点四：在the more… the more … (越……越……) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句用一般现在时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class. The house is being built these days. The little boy is always making trouble. 考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。Look out when you are crossing the street. Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考点二：表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。 Marry is leaving on Friday. 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语： （1）非延续动作：动作发生在过去，对现在有影响。（2）延续性动作：动作和状态的持续。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语： 考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点 They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. 考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, Has it stopped raining yet ? 考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。
动词的时态和语态 （一）动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态，但是常用的只有9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。下面分别介绍。 1、一般现在时的用法 1）表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特征和真理。句中常用 often, usually, every day 等时间状语。例如： a. He goes to school every day. b. He is very happy. earth moves around the sun. 2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。例如： a. If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting. b. When I graduate, I’ll go to countryside. 3) 有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作（句中都带有时间状语），但限于少数动词，如：begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。例如： a. The meeting begins at seven. b. The rain starts at nine in the morning. 4) 表示状态和感觉的动词(be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound 等)常用一般现在进行时。 a. I like English very much. b. The story sound very interesting. 5) 书报的标题、小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。 2.一般现在时的用法 1）表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过反复发生的动作。
高三英语语法教案：时态和语态 分类说明 高考中对动词的时态和语态的命题不可少，每年都有两、三分。然而，命题一般都是以基础知识为主，把时态与语境结合起来，在复习动词时态和语态时，应特别注意下面一些问题：1．动词的八种基本时态的形式和意义：一般现在时；一般过去时；一般将来时；现任进行时；过去进行时；现在完成时；过去完成时；现在完成进行时。并且，由此扩充了解将来完成时；将来进行时，将来完成进行时；过去将来完成时等。 2．掌握各种时态的时间状语要求，特别是上下文中所暗含的时间。 3．注意并掌握句子中时态一致性的要求，如：宾语从句中的时态要求：主句若为过去时，从句必须用相应的过去时，但当从句表示客观真理时，又可只用一般现在时；时间、条件状语中的时态要求：当主句为将来时时，从句片j一般现在时；虚拟语气中的时态要求：(见虚拟语气)。 4，掌握各种时态及含情态动词中的被动语态的形式和应用。 (1)分清动词的词性，熟悉并掌握常见的不及物动词happen，take place，occur，exist等，它们不能用被动语态； (2)分清主语与谓语之间的关系； (3)变被动语态的动词一般为及物动词，但有些不及物动词与介词所形成的短语动词也可有被动形式，此时，变被动语态后介词不能丢； (4)熟悉并掌握主动形式表被动意义的情况，如： A．及物动词read，write，sell，wash等，用作不及物动词，如：． The pen _________well． A．writes B．wrote C．is written D．has written B．做定语不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语时。如： I have much work ________． A．to do B．to be done C．to be doing D．to have done 但当不定的式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语或宾语时，则须用被动语态．如： Do you have any work ________now? I’m free． A．to do B．to be done C．to be doing D．to have done C．形容词hard，difficult，interesting，exciting，surprising等后的不定式作语及worth后面的doing。 回放真题 真题1(2004甘肃、青海卷29) --Thank goodness，you’re here! What _________you?
语法复习专题（7） Unit7 动词时态和语态 一、考点聚焦 1、动词时态考查要点简述 （1）一般现在时考点分析 ①表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制） The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. Water boils at 100 o C. ②表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。 Ice feels cold. We always care for each other and help each other. ③表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear 、smell 、taste 、feel 、notice 、agree 、believe 、like 、hate 、want 、think 、belong seem 等。如： I know what you mean. Smith owns a car and a house. All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School. ④在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall 或will 表“意愿”，但不表示时态。 If you will accept my i nvitation and come to our party, myfamily will be pleased. 如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。 ⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave 、arrive 、fly 、return 、start 、begin 、 pen、close 、end、stop 等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要 发生的动作。当be 表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。 The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day. Tomorrow is Wednesday. （2）一般过去时的考点分析（考核重点）。 ①一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语 连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希 望的事通常用过去式。如： I met her in the street yesterday. I once saw the famous star here. They never drank wine. I thought the film would be interesting,but it isn ’t. ②如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式。如： He told me he read an interesting novel last night.
专题七动词的时态和语态 2017年高考题 【2017·天津卷】8. I ________down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. A. was driving B. have driven C. would drive D. drove 【2017·江苏卷】27. He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _______. A. was being followed B. was following C. had been followed D. followed 【2017·江苏卷】31.He’s been informed that he _______ for the scholarship because of his academic background. A. hasn’t qualified B. hadn’t qualified C. doesn’t qualify D. wasn’t qualifying 【2017·北京卷】33. People______ better access to health care than they used to, and they’re living longer as a result. A. will have B. have C. had D. had had 【2017·北京卷】29. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _______ yet. A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented 【2017·北京卷】24. —______ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday? —Ye s. They are happy with it. A. Did you call B. Have you called C. Will you call D. Were you calling 2016年高考题 1.【2016·北京】21. Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred. A. works B. has worked C. was working D. would work 2.【2016·北京】2 3. —Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for? —The new Star Wars. We ________ here for more than two hours. A. waited B. wait C. would be waiting D. have been waiting 3.【2016·北京】25. I ________ half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend. A. read B. have read C. am reading D. will read 4.【2016·北京】30. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ with success in the end. A. rewarded B. were rewarded C. will reward D. will be rewarded 5.【2016·江苏】22.More efforts, as reported, ______in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform. A.are made B. will be made C. are being m ade D. have been made 6.【2016·江苏】29.Dashan, who_________crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition. A.will be learning B. is learning C. had been learning D. has been learning 7.【2016·天津】3. When walking down the street, I came across David, when I _____ for years. A. didn’t see B. haven’t seen C. hadn’t seen D. wouldn’t see 8.【2016·浙江】9. Silk ______ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC. A.had become B. was becoming C. has become D.is becoming 2015年高考题 1.【2015·北京】2 2.--Did you enjoy the party?--Yes,we___by our hosts. A.were treated B.would be treated. C.treated D.had treated 2.【2015·北京】26.in the last few years,China ___ great achievements in environmental protection. A.has made B.had made C.was making D.is making 3.【2015·北京】27.—Did you have difficulty finding Ann' house? —Not really.She___us clear directions and we were able to find it.easily? A.was to give B.had given C.was giving D.would give 4.【2015·北京】30. —Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.—All right. I____ him later. A. will call B. have called C. call D will be calling 5.【2015·重庆】1.—Is Peter coming?—No, he____ his mind after a phone call at the last minute. A.changes B. changed C. was changing D. had changed 6.【2015·重庆】13. In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat____ cut.
七、动词的时态和语态 对应学生用书p172 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut____________(report) increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements. 2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Pickingupher“Lifetime Achievement”award, proudIrene____________(declare) shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36-year-oldbusiness. 3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI____________(make) overtheyears. 4．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand____________(recommend) wonderfulplacestoeat, shop, andvisit. 5．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay, we____________(invite) toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars. 6．(2019·浙江卷)OnestudyinAmericafoundthatstuden ts’ grades____________(improve) alittleaftertheschoolintroduceduniforms. 7．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Since2011，thecountry____________(grow) morecornthanrice. 8．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernment______ ______(start) asoil-testingprogramthatgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and201 1, fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons. [答案与解析] 1．havereported。考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语Inrecentyears可知，句子用现在完成时态，故填havereported。
1.(2014·湖南“五市十校”高三联合检测)Anyone who knows about the world-famous scientist Stephen Hawking can see that, within his small and weak figure, he ________(carry) a big heart. 答案：carries 解析：考查时态。句意：任何一个了解世界著名的科学家史蒂芬·霍 金的人都知道在他弱小的身躯里藏着一颗博大的心。根据“Anyone who knows about the world-famous scientist Stephen Hawking can see that”可知，此句表示的是客观事实， 故应用一般现在时。 2. (2014·沈阳高三质量监测)I ________(dream) of becoming a professional photographer ever since I was ten. 答案：have been dreaming 解析：考查动词的时态。根据句中的“ever since I was ten”可知此处表示“从十岁以来一直梦想做某事”，即从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现 在的动作，故用现在完成进行时。 3. (2014·成都高中毕业班诊断性检测)—Will you be available at three o'clock tomorrow afternoon? —No. I ________(attend) a lecture then. 答案：will be attending 解析：考查时态。句意：——明天下午三点你有空吗?——没有。那时我正听讲座呢。时间状语then指的是问句中提到的“at three o'clock tomorrow afternoon”，表示将来某一时刻正在做某事，所以用将来进行时。 4. (2014·陕西高三教学质量检测)—Why is the road so crowded? —The two new underground lines ________(build). 答案：are being built 解析：考查时态和语态。句意：——路上怎么这么拥挤?——两条新地铁线路正在修建中。语境叙述的是与现在相关的动作，地铁线路正在被修建，故用现在进行时的被动语态。 5. (2014·湖南“五市十校”高三联合检测)—Can he get the first prize for running in this sports meeting? —Impossible now. He ________(expect) to do so, but he has just hurt his leg.