2009年上海市初中毕业生统一学业考试
英语试卷
Part 1 Listening (第一部分听力)
I. Listen and choose the right picture（根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片）：（共6分）
II. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear(根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案): （共6分）
7. A) Swimming B) Boating C) Running D) Skating
8. A) In September B) In October C) In November D) In December
9. A) At home B) At the library C) At the post office D) At the cinema
10. A) Reading books B) Playing ball games
C) Collecting coins D)Watching cartoons
11. A) Because he got up late B) Because he didn’t feel quite well.
C) Because he missed the bus D) Because he couldn’t start the car.
12. A) Husband and wife B) Mother and son
C) Teacher and student D) Nurse and patient
13. A) Australia B) Italy C) France D) Canada
14. A) By having a good sleep B) By listening to light music
C) By reading some books D) By playing tennis with his friend
15. A) She wasted a lot of money B) She likes this type of camera.
C) She doesn’t have money for sightseeing D) She doesn’t want to buy the camera.
16. A) Three days B) Four days C) Seven days D) Ten days
III. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false.(判断下列句子是否符合你所听到的内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符和的用“F”表示)：（共7分）
17.Mark went to the country to climb the hill one day.
18. After Mark lay down under a tree, he fell asleep.
19. Mark tried to run away when he saw a tiger near him.
20. Mark opened the door of a small car and jumped in.
21. The car kept moving fast down the hill for some time.
22. When Mark opened his eyes, the car was in front of a house.
23. from the passage we know that the car was moving down itself.
IV. Listen to the dialogue and complete the following sentences.（听对话，完成下列内容）
24. Sally saw Ben at the bus stop one ________ morning.
25. Last night ben only slept for about ________ hours.
26. Ben’s friend came over and had a ________ until late night.
27. Ben has to meet his study group at the ________ of his school.
28. Ben will have a ________ test in school tomorrow.
29. You may________ a lot if you don’t get enough sleep.
30. Usually foods such as________, eggs and rice can help you stay well.
Part 2 Vocabulary and Grammar （第二部分词汇和语法）
V. Choose the best answer （选择最恰当的答案）(共26分)
31. Can I have ________ look at the photo of your pen friend?
A) a B) an C) / D) the
32. The teacher often takes his students to visit the Science Museum________ Saturdays.
A) in B) by C) at D) on
33. The foreign visitors asked ________ lots of questions about Chinese culture during the tour.
A) I B) my C) me D) mine
34. ________ of these two hats looks good on my daughter. Do you have another one?
A) Both B) All C) Neither D) None
35. The little boy saved his classmates in the earthquake. ________ brave he was!
A) What B) How C) What a D) What an
36. The American student could speak only ________ Chinese, but he managed to communicate
with us.
A) few B) little C) a few D) a little
37. Thanks to t6he new inventions, our lives are much ________ than before.
A) convenient B) more convenient
C) most convenient D) the most convenient
38. The home-made ice-cream in this restaurant tastes ________ .Would you like some?
A) softly B) greatly C) nice D) well
39. When summer ________ , some children will go to the seaside for fun.
A) comes B) came C) will come D) would come
40. I ________ you already that washing hands often will help prevent the A-H1N1 Flu.
A) tell B) told C) have told D) am telling
41. He was still working on his project while other people ________ a rest.
A) were having B) are having C) will have D) have
42. Many houses ________ in the big fire a few days ago. What a shame!
A) were damaged B) damage
C) were damaging D) damaged
43. To everyone’s surprise, Alex ________ play chess very well when he was only four.
A) might B) should C) would D) could
44. The woman feels that she should let her son ________ his own decision this time.
A) makes B) make C) to make D) making
45. Susan finally became a popular singer after she practiced ________ for years.
A) sing B) to sing C) singing D) sang
46. ________ John failed to climb to the top of the mountain several times, he didn’t give up.
A) Although B) Because C) Whether D) Unless
47. Keep an English diary, ________ your English will improve.
A) or B) since C) when D) and
48. Could you please tell us ________ in Shanghai?
A) when will you visit the World Expo
B) when you will visit the World Expo
C) when the World Expo will you visit
D) when the World Expo you will visit
49. The room is very dark. I can’t ________ anything clearly without a light.
A) watch B) look C) see D) notice
50. It’s ________ to read the map before you travel to a new place.
A) helpful B) harmful C) powerful D) awful
51.Once a year, people take part in “ ________ Lights” activity to help save energy.
A) Show off B) Turn off C) Take off D) Put off
52. Our headmaster invited Christine to ________ the English Festival last term.
A) be late for B) be angry with C) be familiar with D) be responsible for
53. Many sports players became well-known after they joined in the Beijing Olympic Games
The underlined part means “________ ”
A) rich B) strong C) lucky D) famous
54. Be careful! There’s some broken glass on the ground. The underlined part means “________ ”
A) Look out B) Go ahead C) Get ready D) Keep quite
55. ---How about raising some money for the charity?
--- ________.
A) Enjoy yourself B) Good idea
C) You’re welcome D) Never mind
56. ---You’ve done a great job. Grace.
--- ________
A) I’m afraid not B) Thanks a lot
C) I agree with you D) It’s hard to say.
VI. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms(用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子)：(共8分)
57. Many historical ________ will be shown on National Day. (movie )
58. With the help of Yellow Pages, we found the address of the theatre________ . (easy)
59. Eric, the ________ son of the family, has a special interest in physics. ( three)
60. It’s ________ for him to be so active today as he is always a man of few words. ( usual)
61. Who is the ________ of the book War and Peace? (write)
62. The short play was very ________ . I laughed from beginning to end. ( fun )
63. It’s raining heavily. I’d ________ you call a taxi home now. ( suggestion)
64. I think the girl is old enough to tie up her shoes by ________ . ( her)
VII. Rewrite the following sentences as required（根据所给要求，改写下列句子。每空格限填一词）：(共12分)
65 They work on the farm with their parents every weekend. （改为一般疑问句）
________ they________ on the farm with their parents every weekend?
66. Let’s take a picture in front of the fountain. （改为反意疑问句）
Let’s take a picture in front of the fountain, ________ ________
67. The Shanghai International Arts Festival is held once a year. （对划线部分提问）
________ ________ is the Shanghai International Arts Festival held ?
68. He was very nervous. He couldn’t go on with the job interview.
He was ________ nervous ________ go on with the job interview. （合并句子）
69. I have no idea how I can operate the new machine. (改为简单句)
I have on idea ________ ________ operate the new machine.
70. I’m going to make an early start in order not to miss the train. （保持句意基本不变）
I’m going to make an early start ________ ________ I won’t miss the train.
Part 3 Reading and Writing (第三部分读写)
A. True or False (判断下列句子是否符合短文内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示)
Daily News
A 14-year-old boy from the USA was described as a hero yeaterday after he saved the life
of a woman in another country.
Dean Bluey from Dallas, Taxas, was a school boy who was interested in computer. One day, he was sending an e-mail to a friend on the Internet. Suddenly he received a message saying “ Help! Pain! Help!”. The message was from Finland (芬兰), thousands of Kilometres away from the USA.
“I didn’t know what I should do, ”, Dean said to a reporter afterwards. “It was really difficult to tell if the message was real.” So Dean did nothing at first. But the message kept coming.
“ By then it was easy to see the someone was in trouble, ” Dean explained. He replied and discovered that the sender was a 20-yeqr-old student called Tarja, who was alone in a university library. She was very ill. What was worse, there was no phone around her. Her only way of communicating with the world was by e-mail.
Dean got in touch with the Texas police. The police immediately realized that the situation was quite serious. They found it necessary to telephone the police in Finland. Then an ambulance rushed to the university, and soon doctors found Taria. Luckily, she was still alive and was quickly sent to the hospital.
“ I’m glad she’s OK,” Dean said. “ It’s hard to believe, but e-mail saved her life.”
71. Dean Bluey was a 14-year-old boy from Dallas, Texas, the USA.
72. When he was sending an e-mail, Dean heard someone calling outside.
73. Dean didn’t know whether the message was real when he first got it.
74. Tarja was a university student in the USA, thousands of kilometers away from Dean.
75. At that time in the library, Tarja was able to ask for help in many ways.
76. Dean made a phone call to the police in Finland and told them about Tarja’s trouble.
77. From the story we know that the Internet played an important part in saving Tarja’s life.
B. Choose the best answer （根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案）
Have you ever had an embarrassing (尴尬的)experience? Last week we asked readers to tell us about embarrassing experience. We received thousands of letters! Here is a selection.
Tony:
My most embarrassing experience happened when I had just left university. I had just started teaching in a Liverpool secondary school. One morning my alarm clock didn’t ring. I woke up at half past eight and school began at nine. I quickly washed, dressed, jumped into my car and rushed to school. When I arrived, the students had already gone into class. I didn’t go to the office, but went straight into class. After two or three minutes the students began laughing, and I couldn’t understand why! Suddenly I looked down and understood. I had put on one black shoe and one brown shoe!
Henry:
The most embarrassing experience I’ve ever had, happened two years ago. After seeing a film, my wife and I had lunch in our favourite restaurant in town. Then we decided to take a walk along the street. The street was very busy and we started holding hands. Suddenly my wife saw a dress that she liked in a shop window, and stopped. I started looking at some watches in the next window. After a minute or two I reached for my wife’s hand. There was a loud scream, and a woman slapped my face. I hadn’t taken my wife’s hand. I’d taken the hand of a complete stranger!
James:
My wife and I had decided to buy a new house, and I’d made an appointment to see our bank manager. I’d never met him before. I went into town in my car and I was lucky enough to find a parking space outside the bank. I’d just started reversing(倒车) into the space when another car made us way into it. I was irritated! I opened my window and shouted at the man in the car. He ignored me and walked away. It took me twenty minutes to find another place.
As soon as I had parked the car, I rushed back to the bank. I was ten minutes late for my appointment. I went to the manager’s office, knocked and walked in. The manager was sitting behind his desk. He was the man who had taken my parking space!
78. Tony arrived at school late that morning because___________.
A) he couldn’t find his shoes B) his alarm clock didn’t ring
C) he washed and dressed slowly D) his car went wrong on the way
79. The students began laughing when they saw Tony__________.
A) wearing a wrong shoe B) carrying an alarm clock
C) looking down suddenly D) rushing into the classroom
80. Henry and his wife held hands___________.
A) at the cinema B) in the shop C) at the restaurant D) along the street
81. Henry was embarrassed because he __________.
A) slapped the woman in the face
B) took the hand of a complete stranger
C) heard his wife screaming in the street
D) knocked over some watches in the shop
82. James wet into town to ___________
A) put money in the bank B) look for a job
C) meet the bank manager D) buy a new car
83. The underlined word “irritated” probably means “ _______”.
A) angry B) nervous C) worried D) embarrassed
84. The best picture for each story is __________
C. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage (选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文)
Sometimes you may not understand your parents. One minute they’re friendly, the next minute they’re shouting and screaming loudly enough for the whole street to hear. So who makes them so 85 ? You, probably!
Is your room untidy? Do you leave things on the floor? You may fond it hard enough to keep one room tidy. So imagine what it’s like for your mum and dad trying to keep a whole house in order.
When you take your clothes off, remember to 86 . Get into the habit of taking glasses and plates down to the kitchen. Before long you’ll be doing it without thinking.
Even though you may not realize it, your have bought you many clothes. But they’re not buying themselves new things every week, are they? The simple truth is that there are more
87 things to spend money on, like the electricity bill and food.
You may hate missing a party to visit some boring old relatives. They may go on and on about what a sweet baby you were. You have no choice but to listen. Even if you 88 , your parents won’t change their minds. Parents like to show off their family. The best thing you can do is to help entertain your relatives. Your parents will be so pleased with you afterwards that they’re probably allow you to go to the next two 89 .
You might not want to eat, but think of it from the parents’ point of view. If you cook two meals a day, it means 730 meals a year. Can you imagine how boring this can get?
Imagine how your parents feel when you say you’re not really hungry. 90 , your parents are probably worried that you aren’t eating enough.
Eat fewer snacks and leave room for your meals. Finally, offer to 91 after the meal. Your offer may not be accepted , but your parents will be pleased.
85. A) friendly B) lonely C) changeable D) comfortable
86. A) hang them up B) leave them alone C) put them on D) throw them away
87. A) interesting B) difficult C) important D) surprising
88. A) agree B) complain C) listen D) win
89. A) concerts B) meetings C) classes D) parties
90. A) In addition B) In return C) At most D) At last
91. A) do the cooking B) lay the table C) buy some snacks D) wash the dishes Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，
Kyra Komac, 28 years old, now has 25 furniture stores all over the country. The new store, in London’s Camde High Street, takes her back to where it all started. She tells us about how the business began.
When I was little, my mother began selling flowers in Camden Market. She couldn’t leave me at home on my own, so I had to go to the market with her.
To begin with, I didn’t have to do anything. I just sat there, and my mum told me jokes and stories so I didn’t get bored. When I got older, I have my mum a hand and I really enjoyed it.
Then, one year, my grandma gave me a book for Christmas. It was all about making candles and I loved it. I was 14, and I didn’t have to go to the market any more because mum could leave me at home on my own. I spent my free time making candles of all shapes and sizes. I made hundreds of them.
One day, my mother was ill so I had to go to the market on my own. I decided to take some candles with me and see if I could sell them. They were sold out in twenty minutes! The next week, my mum gave me some money to buy some wax to make more candles. They sold out really quickly, too.
Nine months later, we decided to stop selling flowers. My mum and I couldn’t make enough candles during the week, so some of my school friends started to help us. I paid them one
pound for every candle, and we used to sell them for three or four times that. It was fun and my friends worked with me in the market.
At the age of 22, my uncle lent me some money and I opened my first shop in Portobello Road Since then, I’ve never looked back, even in difficulties. In the first store, we only sold candles, but now we sell everything from designer furniture to paintings. Oh, and candles, of course.
99. How many furniture stores does Kyra Komac have now?
______________________________________________
100. Where did Kyra’s mother sell flowers?
_______________________________________________
101. What did Kyra do in her free time when she was fourteen?
________________________________________________
102. Did the candles sell well on the first day in the market?
________________________________________________
103. Who helped Kyra and her mum when they couldn’t make enough candles during the week?
________________________________________________
104. How did Kyra’s uncle help her to open her first shop?
________________________________________________
105. What do you think of this story?
_____________________________________________________.
Writing (作文)：（共18分）
106. write at least 60 words about the topic” I want to do something for my school”( 以“我想为学校做件事”为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格)
Use the following points as a reference （以下内容仅供参考）
1.What do you want to do for your school?
2.Why do you want to do it?
3.How are you going to do it?
2017年上海市普通高中学业水平考试 生命科学试卷 考生注意： 1、试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。 2、本考试分设试卷和答题纸。试卷包括两部分，第一部分全部为选择题，第二部分为综合分析题，包括填空题和简答题等题型。 3、答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、报名号、考场号和座位号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。第一部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域，第二部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。 一、选择题（共80分，每小题2分。每小题只有一个正确答案） 1.某同学从花鸟市场买了一盆幸福树，养了一段时间后发现老叶的叶脉缺绿。他上网查阅 资料得知这是因为叶绿素合成受影响导致的，如果要解决这个问题，给幸福树施加的营养液中应富含 A. Na+ B. Mg2+ C. Ca2+ D. Cl- 2.原核细胞和真核细胞都有的细胞结构是 A. 核膜 B. 核糖体 C. 线粒体 D. 内质网 3.下列化合物中，与葡萄糖的元素组成完全相同的是 A. 纤维素 B. 蛋白质 C. 核酸 D. 磷脂 4.安装于目镜（16X）中的测微尺在低倍物镜（10X）和高倍物镜（40X）视野中每小格 代表的长度分别为6.71 μm和1.68 μm。在高倍物镜下测量到某细胞长度为10小格，则该细胞实际长度为 A. 67.1 μm B. 16.8 μm C. 0.671 μm D. 0.168 μm 5.图1是烟草花叶病毒的示意图，该病毒的遗传物质是 A. DNA B. RNA C. 蛋白质 D. 氨基酸 6.科学家在西伯利亚冻土层发现保存完好的猛犸象肌肉组织，为―复活‖猛犸象，科学家构 想将其肌肉细胞的细胞核注入亚洲象的无核卵细胞中，在体外培养成胚胎后植入代孕母象，这一构想所使用的技术属于
2018年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试 英语试卷 考生注意 本卷有7大题,共94小题 2.试卷满分150分。考试时间100分钟。 全部试题均采用连续编号。请将所有答案做在答题纸的指定位置上,做在试卷上一律不给分。 Part I Listening(第一部分听力) 1. Listening comprehension(听力理解)(共30分) A. Listen and choose the right picture(根据你听到的内容,选出相应的图片)(6分) 1、________ 2、_________ 3、__________ 4、__________ 5、__________ 6、__________ 上海市教育考试院保留版权 初中学业考试(2018)英语试卷第1页(共10页)
B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear(根据你听到的对话和问题,选出最恰当的答案)(8分) 7. A)Apple. B)Banana. C) Orange . D)Pear. 8.A)At8:45. B)At 9:00. C)At9:15. D)At 9:30. 9. A)By bus. B)By bike. C) By car. D)By underground. 10. A)Rainy. B) Cloudy. C)Sunny. D )Windy. 11. A)Visit his uncle. B)Visit his classmates. C) Go to London. D) Go to a language camp. 12. A)In a store. B)At home. C) At the cinema. D)In a restaurant. 13.A) Husband and wife. B) Doctor and patient. C)Shop assistant and customer. D)Teacher and student. 14. A) Talk to Lucy. B)Go to the supermarket. C) Eat more. D)Lose some weight. C. Listen to the dialogue and tell whether the following statements are true or false TF 列句子是否符合你听到的对话内容,符合的用“T”表示,不符合的用“F”表示)(6分) 15. Mary has just become a college student. 16. Simon doesn’t enjoy classroom discussions. 17. Mary has nothing interesting to do after class. 18. Simon will volunteer for an international exhibition in Shanghai. 19. Mary and Simon will go to Shanghai together in five months. 20. Simon gives Mary some suggestions about how to choose a job in China. D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences(听短文,完成下列内容。每空格限填一词)(10分) 21. Kitty wanted to plant a _____ ______with beautiful flowers for Mum's birthday. 22. Dad found that the flowers were _______ ______. They were plastic. 23. Dad went to Mr. White _______ _______some flower seeds. 24. Kitty and Dad worked for _______ ______ before Mum came back. 25. After Mum heard the ________ ________ she was moved to tears. 初中学业考试(2018)英语试卷第2页(共10页)
2016 年上海市初中学生学业考试科学试卷1 大题共40 分，每小题 2 分。将一个正确答案的编号填入括号内) 一、选择题（本 1. 下列实验正确的是??????????????????（） A.灭火焰 B.闻气味 C.读体积 D.测水温 2. 生命的起点是???????????????????（） A. 精子 B. 卵细胞 C. 受精卵 D. 胚胎 3. 用铅笔轻轻碰触蜗牛，蜗牛马上把触角收了回去，这说明生物具有的特点是?（） A．能生长B. 能对外界刺激作出反应 C. 能繁殖 D. 要呼吸 4. 铜被用来作电线的内芯主要是因为它具有良好的......................... （） A. 导电性 B. 导热性 C. 延展性 D. 金属光泽 5. 将甲、乙两种实心物体放入水中，出现如图1 情形，由此推断它们的密度关系是（） A. 甲>乙 B. 甲<乙 C. 甲= 乙 D.以上说法都不对 6. 下列关于声音的说法，正确的是??????????????????? （） A.只要物体振动就能听到声音 B. 声音在空气和真空中都可以传播 C.噪声不是由物体振动产生的 D. 声音在不同介质中传播速度不同 7. 下列做法中，属于增大摩擦的是??????????????????? （） A. 溜冰场地做得较光滑 B. 给机器加润滑油 C.鞋底有凹凸不平的花纹 D. 车身改用轻质材料 8. 下列电器设备中，主要利用电流热效应进行工作的是...................... （） A.话筒 B. 电话 C. 电视机 D. 电饭煲 9. 下列体液中，酸性最强的是............................................ （） A. 唾液 B. 胃液唾液胃液血液胆汁 C. 血液 D.胆汁 pH 6.6-7.1 0.9 ? 1,5 7.35 ? 7.4 57. 1~7.3 10. 以下对四种动物进行分类的依据是 A. 是否会生长 B. 是否会生长甲类大熊猫老虎 C. 是否属于哺乳动物 D. 是否属于食草动物 蛇 乙类扬子鰐
2019-2020年初中毕业生学业考试科学试卷整理 第一册第一章 1、（05浙江选4）．小明去校医务室测量身高，医生给他写了个数据：身高1.59，但没有写单位。这个数据后面的单位是：（ ） A ．牛顿 B ．千克 C ．秒 D ．米 2、（05浙江实验31）．人的指甲是不断长长的，但到底是由指甲的哪一部 位长长的呢？某同学对此提出假设：“指甲长长可能是由指甲的根 部不断长长而形成的”。由此他设计了如下实验方案： ①、在指甲的中轴线上，按图所示涂上指甲油（指甲油比较难 以擦去，可以在指甲上保持较长时间）。 ②、半个月后，观察、测量并分析。请回答相关问题： ⑴、如果该同学的假设是正确的，则应观察到AB 间的距离 ▲ （选填“增大”、“不变”或“缩短”）。 ⑵、对于指甲的生长，你还想研究的问题是 ▲ 。 3、(06浙江35)．在打羽毛球时，同学们发现羽毛的断落会影响羽毛球的飞行距离、飞行速度及飞行稳定性等。他们讨论后决定从研究羽毛球自由下落这一简单的运动方式入手，探究羽毛断落情况对羽毛球下落速度的影响。 （1）他们从球场收集到六只羽毛球，如下表： 你认为应该选择编号为 ▲ 的三只羽毛球进行对比实验。 （2）甲乙两同学正确选择三只羽毛球后，分别设计以下方案： 甲同学：让三只羽毛球同时从三楼静止释放，比较落地的先后顺序，重 复三次。 乙同学：让三只羽毛球分别从三楼静止释放，测量三只羽毛球落地时的 速度。 请你对甲乙两同学的设计方案作出评价：其中操作上简易可行的是 ▲ 同学的方案。为了使实验结论更可靠，请你对他们的实验过程提出一条建议： ▲ 。 （3）用相同的力、相同的方式拍打羽毛球，不同品牌的新羽毛球飞行的情况并不相同，你认为引起这种现象的可能原因是不同品牌的羽毛球的 ▲ 不同。 第一册第二章 1、(06浙江4)．下列生物中能够进行光合作用的是 A ．草履虫 B ．熊猫 C ．桃树 D ．草鱼 2、(06浙江29)．在做“用显微镜观察人体口腔上皮细胞实验” 时，甲、乙两位同学各自制作临时装片，并在低倍镜下观察， 观察到的物像如图所示， 第35题图 第29题图 甲 乙
2016年上海市初中学生学业测试 生命科学试卷 一、选择题（将下列各题中一个正确选项的编号填入括号内） 1.关于人体的结构层次关系，表述正确的是…………………………………………………………………..（） A.组织-细胞-器官-系统-人体 B.组织-细胞-系统-器官-人体 C.细胞-组织-器官-系统-人体 D.细胞-组织-系统-器官-人体 2.下列不属于器官的是…………………………………………………………………………………………………..（） A.心脏 B.血管 C.血液 D.脑 3.人体内具有保护内脏、支持躯体和运动躯体功能的是…………………………………………..（） A.内分泌系统 B.神经系统 C.生殖系统 D.运动系统 4.下列不属于内环境稳定指标的是………………………………………………………………………………（） A.血液的pH为7.35-7.45 B.正常人空腹血糖浓度为3.9毫摩尔/升-6.1毫摩尔/升 C.人体每天唾液的分泌量约为1.0升-1.5升 D.安静时收缩压为13.3千帕-16.0千帕 5.某人身材异常矮小且智力低下，其最可能的原因是………………………………………………….（） A.婴幼儿时期甲状腺激素分泌过多 B.婴幼儿时期甲状腺激素分泌过少 C.婴幼儿时期生长激素分泌过多 D.婴幼儿时期生长激素分泌多少 6.下列属于相对性状的一组是……………………………………………………………………………………….（） A.人的顺时针发旋和逆时针发旋 B.人的身高和体重 C.绵羊的白毛和山羊的黑毛 D.番茄果实的红色和茄子果实的紫色 7.人体皮肤的免疫功能属于………………………………………………………………………………………….（） A.非特异性免疫 B.特异性免疫 C.由巨噬细胞参和的免疫 D.后天形成的防御功能 8.下列细胞或物质中能产生抗体的是………………………………………………………………………….（） A.溶菌酶 B.淋巴细胞 C.巨噬细胞 D.红细胞 9.下列关于现场心肺复苏的操作，正确的是………………………………………………………………（） A.实施人工呼吸前应立即畅通呼吸道 B.迅速将患者置于侧卧位，判断心跳是否存在 C.如果患者既无呼吸，有无脉搏，就不必进行心肺复苏了 D.胸外心脏按压，双臂绷直斜45度下压 10.下列药物使用方法正确的是……………………………………………………………………………………（） A.如果症状减轻，即可马上停药 B.处方药必须凭执业药师的处方才可购买 C.非处方药无需凭医师处方即可购买，因此可以随意服用 D.为了拿去方便，内服药和外用药可混合放置 11.下列植物类群中，有根、茎、叶的分化且不产生种子的是………………………………….（） A.藻类植物 B.蕨类植物 C.裸子植物 D.被子植物 12.下列属于环节动物的是……………………………………………………………………………………………（） A.蚯蚓 B.蛔虫 C.海参 D.蝗虫 13.桃花中形成果实和种子的结构分别是………………………………………………………………………（） A.花托和胚珠 B.胚珠和花托 C.子房和胚珠 D.胚珠和子房
上海市英语试卷 一、单选题（共20小题） 1．Which of the following words is pronounced | e:p| A．shape B．sheep C．shop D．ship 2．Nowadays I can choose online courses and study by______ A．I B．me C．my D．myself 3．I love this picture_____ you beside the music fountain A．in B．of C．on D．at 4．There was a big crowd waiting____ the opening ceremony to start A．by B．from C．for D．with 5．Rose received a letter full of love from her parents on her_____ birthday A．sixteen B．sixteen’s C．sixteenth D．sixteenths 6．Alex did the project on community service____ better than his classmates A．so B．very C．too D．much 7．Leave the relevant books behind，____ you won’t be able to think independently A．or B．and C．so D．but 8．______Mike didn’t win the race, he was still wearing a smile on his face A．If B．since
2018年上海市中考英语试卷一、Part I Listening（第一部分听力） 1．（6分） 2．（1分）A Aple． Banna． Per． 3．（1分）A 9：15． A．A ：45． At 9：0． 4．（1分）A By bu． By ar． Bunerground． 5．（1分））Sunny． B）Cudy． D）Wind． 6．（1分）A．Vit his unle． Vis hi classates． Go ta laguae cap．
7．（1分）A．In stre． t the inem． In resaurant． 8．（1分）op ssstant ndcustomer． Doctorandpaent． Teacher ad tdet． 9．（1分）A Talk o Luc． Eatore． oe soe weight． 10．（6分）ar and Simon will go o Shan tothe in ve months． Mar hasnothig intrestig todo atr clas． Sion will volunteer for aintenatonalxibii n Sanghai． Simon dost enjy clasroom dcusions． Smon ivs May soe suggestins abouthow choo ajbin China． 11．（10分）Da went to ．White som flower sed． a foundthat the fowrswere．he were plaic． itty d D worked for bfor um ame back． Afte Mum harthe shewas ved to ter． 二、Choose the best answer（选择最恰当的答案. （共20分. 12．（1分）Wich the lowing underlinedpats is feent________ inprnuciation？（）A．bak B．cht C．ate D．axi 13．（1分）Hr up! T concrt will begn in________ nute．（） A．a B．an C．the D．/ 14．（1分）father is a god doctor _______orks rd o helphis ptiets．）A．He B．Him C．His D．imself 15．（1分）Kren n Lily will go to ussiatowatch the 2018 old up___uy．（）A．on B．in C．at D．of 16．（1分）eer pent l a day ihingy th river，______he didn't ch anyhing（）
科学学业考试模拟试卷二 （本试卷分闭卷和开卷两部分，考试时间50分钟，满分100分。）班级姓名学号 闭卷部分 （满分50分，考试时间20分钟） 一、填空题（16分） 1．人的生命是从一个细胞开始的。这个细胞是由精子和卵子结合而成的，叫做。 2．酒精密度是0.8×103克/厘米3。如果把一瓶酒精倒掉一半，则剩下密度是 克/厘米3。 3．拉动提琴的弓，琴弦振动发出琴声。击鼓使鼓面振动发出鼓声。这些例子说明声音是由物体的产生的；声音能在（空气/真空）中传播。 4．从能量角度来看，绿色植物把太阳能转化成能储存在有机物中。 5．有一杯食盐水溶液，它的溶质是，溶剂是。 6．在草→蝗虫→青蛙→蛇这条食物链中，生产者是，次级消费者是 。
7．图中所示的仪器是 ，可以测量的最大的力是 牛， 手的拉力是 牛。 8．从地球的纵切面，我们知道地球的内部大约可分三层，由内往外分别是地核、 和地壳。 9．从太空看地球，地球是蓝色的，这是因为地球表面大约71％是 。 10．小明家电表8月1日示数为， 9 月1日为，则他家8月份用电 度。如果每度电的电费为0.61元，则他家8 月份应支出 电费 元。 二、选择题（ 20分，每小题2分） 1．实验室中， 用来移取少量液体的工具是………………………………（ ） 2．下右图所示的是一铜棒内粒子分布的模拟图。如果把铜棒加热，则铜棒 受热后粒子分布情况应该是下列哪一幅？……………………………………（ ） 3 ．可以相隔一段距离产生作用的力有…………………………………（ ） A.重力和摩擦力 B.磁力和摩擦力 C.重力和磁力 D.磁力和推力 4．日常生活中食品包装袋应选用的塑料种类是………………………（ ） A.聚乙烯 B.有机玻璃 C.聚氯乙烯 D.聚苯乙烯 5．从第二性征开始出现直至性器官成熟的一段时间称为……………（ ） A.幼儿期 B.青春期 C.中年期 D.老年期 6．水净化时常采用过滤方法除杂质，那么过滤时需要使用的仪器是…（ ） 4 8 9 2 8 2 4 88 5 3 2 A A B C D A. B. C. D. 铜棒 t
2019年杭州市初中毕业升学文化考试 科学 1.本试卷满分为160分,考试时间为120分钟 2.答题前,在答题纸上写姓名，准考证号,并在试卷首页的指定位置写上姓名和座位号 3.必须在答题纸的对应位置上答题,写在其它地方无效。答题方式评见答题纸上的说明 4.考试结来后,试题卷和答题纸一并上交 5.如需画图作答,必质用黑色字造的钢笔或签字笔将图形线条描黑 可能用到的相对原子质量:H1C12N14O16Na23S132Ca:40Cu:94) 试题卷 一、选择题(本大题共60分,每小题3分,每小题只有一个选项符合题意) 据报道,我省某民营企业研发的“天的”火箭发动机试车成功,这种火箭发动机用液态氧,液态甲烷作燃料,多项指标达到国际先进水平。下列说法不正确的是 A.甲烷是有机物 B.甲烷具有可燃性 C.液态氧是由氧原子直接构成的 D.一定条件下液态氧和液态甲烷能发生化学反应 2.如图是教材中用来表示电解水过程的示意图(其中“)分析示意图,可作出的正确判断是 A.常温常压下水可以发生分解反应 B.电解水的最终产物是H、O原 C.H原子是图示微粒中的最小微料 D.O原子只有在通电条件下才能转化为O2分子 3.繁殖季节,豌豆植株在花瓣打开前雄蕊中的花粉就会从花药中散出来,落在雄蕊的柱头上 一过程称为
A.自花传粉 B.异花传粉C,人工授粉 D.风力传粉 4.胃是人体重要的消化器官。下列有关胃的形态和功能表述错误的是 A.胃是消化道中最膨大的部分,利于暂时贮存食物 B.胃壁中有发达的平滑肌层,能不断蠕动促进食物与胃液的混合 C.胃壁中有胃腺,能分泌胃液,胃液具有杀菌、消化等作 D.胃壁分泌的硝化液中含有消化酶，能完全分解食物中的脂肪 5.双脚站立在水平地面上的一位初中学生,对地面的压强大约为 A.1250帕 B.2500帕 C.5000帕 D.12500帕 6.某一鸟类种群中具有嘴型细长、厚短等不同类型的个体,皆以树洞里的昆虫为食。数百年后,生活在这一地区的该鸟类种群中嘴型细长的个体比例明显增加。根据自然选择理论解释此种现象,下列最合理的一项是 A.嘴型细长的鸟是为适应特定环境而定向变异产生的 B.昆虫栖息场所对鸟类的嘴型起到了不定向的选择作用 C.嘴型细长的鸟在种群中所占比例增加受昆虫栖息场所的影响 D.嘴型厚短的鸟为了要吃到树洞里的昆虫而努力使嘴型变得细长 7.将减毒处理的蛇毒注射到马体内,每隔一段时间进行重复注射,重复注射若干次后,可从这 些马的血液中获得抗蛇毒血清。被毒蛇咬伤的患者,医生会注射抗蛇毒血清到患者体内,以 减轻蛇毒的毒性。下列有关叙述正确的是 A给患者注射抗蛇毒血清的方式称为预防接种 B.抗蛇毒血清本质上是一种高效的蛇毒疫苗 C.上述治疗毒蛇咬伤的方式属于人工免疫 D.注射抗蛇毒血清的目的是引发患者产生抗蛇毒抗体 8.如图是人体内血液离开左心室，经消化器官再回到左心房的循环示 意图，箭头表示学管内血液流动方向。血液重的血红蛋白与氧结合的 血管是 A.甲和乙 B.甲和丁 C.丙和丁 D.乙和丙 9.如图是太阳系部分天体的运行模式图,地球上每天的昼夜交替主要与
2015年上海市初中学生学业考试生命科学试卷 一．选择题（将下列各题中一个正确选项的编号填入括号内） 1.用显微镜观察时，应将所要观察的材料处理成薄而透明的原因是（） A.易于染色 B.能让光线透过 C.防止污染物镜 D.便于放置在载物台上 2.右下图为显微镜视野中人血图片（局部），其中对人体有免疫防御功能的是（） A.① B.② C.③ D.④ 3.下列属于人体内环境的是（） A.口腔中的唾液 B.动脉中的血浆 C.膀胱中的尿液 D.胃中的胃液 4.人体内血液流经肺泡的毛细血管后，血液成分的变化是（） A.二氧化碳浓度升高，氧气浓度降低 B.二氧化碳浓度升高，氧气浓度升高 C.二氧化碳浓度降低，氧气浓度降低 D.二氧化碳浓度降低，氧气浓度升高 5.下列关于神经系统及其结构的叙述中，错误的是（） A.周围神经系统由脑和脊髓及其发出的神经构成 B.灰质位于脊髓的中央，颜色灰暗，形状似“H” C.神经系统包括中枢神经系统和周围神经系统 D.大脑皮质是调节人体生理活动的最高级中枢 6.婴幼儿对排尿的控制力较弱，主要原因是（） A.膀胱小，尿液经常压迫膀胱壁，易产生尿意 B.泌尿系统发育不完善 C.大脑尚未发育完全 D.脊髓的反射功能不完善 7.下列关于染色体和基因的说法中，错误的是（） A.染色体由DNA和蛋白质组成 B.染色体通常位于基因上 C.人体体细胞中的每一对染色体，一条来自父亲，一条来自母亲 D.一条染色体上有很多基因 8.下列现象中，属于可遗传变异的是（） A.人由于经常锻炼而肌肉发达 B.人由于控制凝血因子的基因发生改变而引起的血友病 C.水稻由于水肥充足而长得穗大饱满 D.玉米植株由于长在阴暗处而叶色变黄 9.一些低强度、不间断、长时间的运动，人体可在不缺氧的状态下进行，并保持适度的呼吸和心跳频率， 这样的运动方式叫做有氧运动。下列不属于有氧运动的是（） A.110米跨栏 B.跳长绳 C.慢跑 D.步行 10.下列有关医药常识的叙述中，错误的是（） A.非处方药不需要医生处方即可购买，按所附药品说明书服用 B.若木刺刺伤较小较浅，可用消毒的镊子将其拔出，伤口涂抹抗生素软膏 C.医生给高烧病人的额头上敷冷毛巾或冰袋来降温 D.患感冒时，可找出家中储备的感冒药，连同抗生素一起服用
2019年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试 英语试卷 (满分150分，考试时间100分钟) 考生注意：本卷有7大题，共99小题。试题均采用连续编号，所有答案务必按照规定在答题纸上完成，做在试卷上不给分。 Part I Listening(第一部分听力) I．Listening comprehension(听力理解) (共30分) A． Listen and choose the right picture(根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片) (6分) 1._______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______ 6. _______ B． Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear(根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案) (10分) 7．A)$700．B)$500．C)$300．D)$200． 8．A)English．B)French．C)Chinese．D)Canadian． 9．A)Jane’s．B)Peter’s．C)Betty’s．D)Sally’s． 10．A)Father’s Day．B)Mother’s Day．C)Teachers’ Day．D)Children’s Day． 11．A)He asked his teacher for help． B)He worked it out himself． C)He asked his classmate for help．D)He found the answer from the Internet． 12．A)Because Lisa’s dad is strict．B)Because he didn’t buy a gift． C)Because Lisa’s dad doesn’t like him. D)Because he’s never met Lisa’s dad． 13．A)Mother and son．B)Teacher and student． C)Doctor and patient．D)Waitress and customer． 14．A)Hong Kong．B)Museums．C)Travelling．D)Food． 15．A)In a bank．B)In a restaurant． C)In a bookstore． D)In a hotel． 16．A)She wants to work for Mr．Jones．B)Mr．Jones can fix the recorder． C)She wants to meet Mr．Jones．D)Mr．Jones needs a recorder． C． Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false.(判断下列句子是否符合你听到的短文内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F ”表示) (7分) 17．One day, Henry took his son to the country by train． 18．They stayed with a poor family to know about the life there． 19．Tom told his father that he didn’t like his trip to the country．
D) Maths. 2014年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试 英语试卷 (满分150分，考试时间100分钟) 考生注意：本卷有7大题，共94小题。试题均采用连续编号，所有答案务 必按照规定在答题纸上完成，做在试卷上不给分。 Part 1 Listening (第一部分 听力） I. Listening Comprehension. (听力理解) (共30分) A. Listen and choose the right picture （根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片）（6分） E E 7. A) Chemistry. B) History. C) English. 8. A) A hamburger. B) A fruit salad. C) A hot-dog. 9. A) Tired. B) Surprised. C) Excited. 10. A) Watch TV. B) Play football. C) Go to the cinema. D) Read a book. 11. A) Fifteen minutes’walk. B) Fifteen minutes’ bus ride. D A G
C)Fifty minutes’ walk.D) Fifty minutes’ bus ride. 12.A) Thursday. B) Friday. C) Saturday. D) Sunday. 13.A) Trips. B) Computers. C) Parents. D) Jobs. 14.A) At the beach. B) At the airport. C) In the theatre. D) In the hotel. C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true o r false (判断下列句子是否符合你听到的短文内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示)（6分） 15. My aunt and uncle sent me a bottle of honey as a birthday present last year. 16. The smell of my hair attracted lots of bees when I went outside. 17. I jumped into my neighbour’s swimming pool to stay away from the bees. 18. When I climbed out of the pool, the bees were still flying around. 19. My aunt and uncle wrote me a letter and apologized to me. 20. This is a story about my unforgettable birthday present. D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences（听短文，完成下列内容。每空格限填一词）（10分） 21.Dan Carter lives in London and works as __________ __________ there.
2０17年上海市初中学生学业考试 生命科学试卷 (闭卷考试，考试时间6０分钟。成绩分优、良、及格和不及格四个等第。) 题号一二总分等第 得分 一、选择题（将下列各题中一个正确选项的编号填入括号内） 1.右下图①~④示细胞分裂和分化的过程,其中表示细胞分化的是………………（) A.① B．② Ｃ．③ D.④ 2．人体的四种基本组织中,具有保护、分泌、吸收功能的是………………………（) A.神经组织 B.肌肉组织 C.上皮组织 D.结缔组织 ３.位于人体腹腔左上部的器官是………………………………………………………（）Ａ．胃 B.肺 C.肝脏D．小肠 4.血液和组织液之间进行物质交换的场所是…………………………………………( ） A．心脏Ｂ.动脉C．静脉D．毛细血管 ５.在血液的组成成分中，具有运输氧气功能的是……………………………………（) Ａ.血浆B．红细胞C．白细胞Ｄ．血小板 6．一名患者身材矮小、智力低下，很可能他在婴幼儿时期缺乏……………………( ) A.胰岛素 B.甲状腺激素 C.生长激素D．性激素 ７.球迷看到进球时，会面红耳赤、心跳加快、血压升高，这一生理过程属于……（) Ａ．内分泌调节 B.神经调节 C.激素调节 D.神经一激素调节8．以下关于青春期生理变化的叙述中错误的是………………………………………（) A.脑神经细胞数量迅速增多B．心脏收缩能力大大提高 C.第二性征发育显著D．身高体重迅速增长
9．下列属于人体可遗传变异的是………………………………………………………() A．经常练习举重的人，胸肌发达 B.一对正常夫妇生育了白化病女儿 C.到高原旅游后血细胞的比例发生变化D．太阳晒多了皮肤变黑 10.下列关于安全用药的做法,正确的是………………………………………………(） A.干吞药物 B.为了早日恢复健康,加大用药剂量 C.根据医嘱,按时服药 D.一旦发现感冒，立即服用抗生素类药 １1.下列属于藻类、苔藓和蕨类植物共同特征的是……………………………………( ) Ａ.水中生活Ｂ.没有输导组织 C．不能产生种子D．有根、茎、叶的分化 12．下列是水产市场常见的动物，其中属于软体动物的是……………………………( ） A.海蜇 B.海参C．沼虾 D.乌贼 13.将糖和酵母菌放入装有温水的玻璃瓶中搅拌，并把挤瘪的小气球套在瓶口，一段时间后,小气球会胀大起来(如图)。对此现象的解释正确的是……………………（) A．酵母菌分解糖产生氧气Ｂ．酵母菌分解糖产生二氧化碳 C．酵母菌分解糖产生乳酸 D.酵母菌利用糖合成淀粉 1４.) 酒精浓度０（清 0.25％１％10% 2０% 水） 每10秒水蚤心跳次数(平均值) 35 4５30 23 死亡 A．水蚤心率随酒精浓度升高而升高 B.酒精浓度对水蚤心率没有影响 C．酒精浓度太高会导致水蚤死亡 D.水蚤心率随酒精浓度降低而降低 15.一个池塘中的全部鲫鱼组成了一个…………………………………………………( ) A．种群Ｂ.群落C．生态系统D．生物圈 16．生长在同一块田里的水稻和稗草之间的关系是……………………………………( ） A.互助B．竞争 C.捕食D．共生 17.近年来，“加拿大一枝黄花”在国内迅速蔓延,对生态环境造成了巨大影响。下列叙述 错误的是…………………………………………………………………………………( ) A．破坏了本地生态系统的稳定性 B.危害本地生物多样性 C．引入新的生物物种,可大力推广D．抑制当地原有物种的正常生长 18.修剪下的行道树枝叶不就地焚烧,而用于栽培蘑菇等,其意义是………………()
浙江省2017年初中毕业学业考试（湖州市）科学试题卷 友情提示： 1.全卷满分160分，考试时间为120分钟。 2.本卷可能用到的相对原子质量：H-1 Li-7 N-14 O-16。 3.本卷g 取10牛/千克。 卷Ⅰ 一、选择题（本题有16小题，每小题3分，共48分。请选出各小题中一个符合题意的选项，不选、多 选、错选均不给分。） 1．3月22日是“世界水日”。浙江省委、省政府向全省发出“剿灭劣Ⅴ类水”的动员令，推动“五水 共治”向小沟、小渠、小溪、小池塘等小微水体延伸，这些小微水体属于（ ） A ．种群 B ．群落 C ．生态系统 D ．生物圈 2．中秋节是我国的传统佳节。夜晚能欣赏到一轮明月从东边升起，西边落下。这是由于（ ） A ．地球自转 B ．地球公转 C ．月球自转 D ．月球公转 3．下列体育项目中，以“速度”这一科学量作为评定标准的是（ ） A ．跳远 B ．跳高 C ．铅球 D ．长跑 4．下列转化过程属于化学变化的是（ ） A ．冰雪消融 B ．核能发电 C ．煤矿自燃 D ．干冰升华 5．右图是血液循环示意图。1、2、3、4表示与心脏直接相连的血管，甲、乙 表示不同部位的毛细血管。下列说法正确的是（ ） A ．若乙位于肾脏，血液流经乙后尿素含量下降 B ．血液流经甲后氧含量减少 C ．血管1是肺静脉，血管3是上腔静脉 D ．血管2、4中的血液是动脉血 6．“拇指西瓜”是源自南美洲的一种水果，每个质量约6克，在瓜瓤内有许多 种子，如图。它富含维生素C ，口感类似黄瓜。下列关于“拇指西瓜”的说法 正确的是（ ） A ．一朵花的子房里含有许多胚珠 B ．一个果实的质量与一个鸡蛋接近 C ．果实中的维生素C 可为人体提供能量 D ．分类上属于裸子植物 7．如图，旋翼式无人机被广泛地运用在民用领域，发挥了越来越重要的作用。下 列关于这款无人机的说法，正确的是（ ） A ．无人机在空中悬停时，旋翼相对于机身是静止的 B ．无人机无法勘探月球表面的月貌 C ．无人机匀速下降时，重力势能转化为动能 D ．无人机在空中飞行时，始终受到平衡力作用 8．下列实例与原理对应的是（ ） 选项 实例 原理 A 岸边的树在水中的倒影 光在同种均匀介质中沿直线传播 B 乘客候车时不能跨越高铁站台的安全黄线 液体压强随流速增大而减小 C 用浆划水使龙舟前进 杠杆的平衡条件 D 看到“科学试题卷” 神经冲动沿着反射弧传导 9．利用厨房用品能完成的实验是（ ） A ．检验鸡蛋壳是否含有碳酸钙 B ．检验自来水中是否含有氯离子 C ．测定蔬菜中农药的残留量 D ．比较食用油与水的密度大小 第5题图 第6题图 第7题图
2011年初中学业考试说明（科学考试目标）（一）科学探究（过程、方法与能力） 单元考试内容考试要求 科学探究▲1.提出科学问题 ①从日常生活、自然现象或实验现象中发现并提出可以进行 科学探究问题 ②概述提出问题的途径和方法 ③理解提出问题对科学探究的意义 b b b ▲2.进行猜想和假设 ①根据生活经验或已有知识对问题的成因提出猜想 ②通过思考提出可检验的猜想和假设 ③对探究的方向和可能出现的实验结果进行推测与假设 ④理解猜想和假设在科学研究中的作用 b b b b ▲3.制定计划，设计实验 ①针对探究目的和已有条件，确定相关实验原理，列出探究 实验所使用的相关材料、仪器、设备等，设计相关实验方案， 画出相关装置图 ②分析影响实验结果的主要因素，对所研究问题中的各种变 量（自变量、因变量、调节变量）进行确认和分类，应用控 制变量方法来设计实验 ③将变量转化为可感知、可量度的事物、现象和方法（行为）， C C C b
说明在实验中如何测量一个变量，说明需要“做什么”和“怎么做”， ④理解制订计划和设计实验对科学探究的意义 ▲4.观察与实验，获取事实与依据 ①说明事实具有可辨识的特征和属性 ②能使用基本仪器（刻度尺、量筒、天平、秒表、温度计、显微镜、电流表、电压表、普及型天文望远镜等）进行安全操作 ③依据某一属性（或规则）进行有计划地观察；由不同的角度或方法进行一系列比较和测量观察；能针对变量的性质，采取合适的测量策略 ④会记录和处理观察、测量的结果 ⑤理解实验对科学探究的作用b b b b b ▲5.检验与评价 ①将证据与科学知识建立联系，得出基本符合证据的解释 ②区别与预测结果不一致的现象，并作出简单的解释 ③对探究过程和证据获得方式、方法、过程做出合适评价，能说明反常结果和证据的不可靠，或解释证据是否充分支持结论 ④对观察和测量的精确性作出评价，能提出增加证据可靠性或获得进一步证据的相关探究的具体改进建议 ⑤理解科学探究需要运用科学原理、模型和理论b b c c b
2019年上海市初中学生学业考试 生命科学试卷参考答案及评分要点 （试卷卷面总分为100分，考试成绩按“优”、“良”、“及格”和“不及格”四个等第表述。）一、选择题（本大题共20分，每小题1分） 二、简答题（本大题共80分，每空格1分） 21．（9分） （1）B （2）反射弧效应器传出神经传入神经 （3）④脊髓大脑皮质（大脑） （4）无膝跳反射或有伸小腿反应，大脑对脊髓的活动能够进行调节和控制（说明：此空格为1分，主要关注“大脑对脊髓的活动能够进行调节和控制”）22．（7分） （1）变异（2）显性隐性（3）蛋白质基因（4）A （5）母亲 23. （10分） （1）消化小肠吸收营养物质（2）呼吸增多 （3）泌尿（肾小管）重吸收（4）②（5）神经内分泌 24．（7分） （1）抗原抗体（2）细菌空气传播（3）预防接种疫苗（合理即给分）（4）水痘-带状疱疹病毒寄生 25．（5分） （1）120 （2）② A （3）E→C→D（4）B 26．（9分） （1）脊柱（2）节肢具有外骨骼，身体分节，附肢分节（合理即给分） （3）两栖Pelophylax 双名（4）种多近 27．（13分） （1）显微镜为了可见光能穿过被观察的物体 （2）①、⑥与外界环境进行（物质）气体交换进行光合作用（合理即给分）叶脉上海市教委教研室保留版权学业考试（2019）初中生命科学试卷参考答案第1页（共2页）
（3）①传粉③种子⑥子房（ 4）吸引昆虫 28．（8分） （1）流线（纺锤）（2）鳍鳃鳞片（3）不恒定 （4）以防损伤鲫鱼的内部器官 （5） （6）从前往后、从上往下、由表及里（写出一个即给分） 29．（12分） （1）水生植物、水生动物、微生物水、阳光、空气等（合理即给分）分解 （2）太阳的光能单向流动逐级递减（3）通气组织发达 （4）①重复3次实验选择20只水蚤而不是1只水蚤（合理即给分） ②经过梦清园人工湿地后，水质有改善，水蚤成活率增加（或随着时间的推移，水 蚤的存活数减少） （5）浇花、环卫用水等（合理即给分）作为肥料 学业考试（2019）初中生命科学试卷参考答案第2页（共2页）