1、名词错误：
名词单、复数用错，可数与不可数名词的混用。例如：
①We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics.?
A few后面应该用复数，所以subject改为subjects。
②They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question.
Question为可数名词，lots of后面是复数形式，所以question改为questions
③I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon.
“Times”表示次数时是可数名词，表示时间概念时是不可数名词，根据句意times应改为time。
2、时态错误：
在一篇结构完整、语义连续的短文中，时态的使用也应该连贯一致，但是英语表示时间时，主句和从句时态可能不一致，却仍表明完整正确的意思。这就要求考生准确判断句中动作的时态，培养对英语时态的敏感度。?
例如：
①He can’t remember what he once knows.
主句用的是一般现在时，宾语从句中有once(从前)作为明显的时间状语，因而从句中动词应用过去时knew。
②It was kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.
“and”两边应该是平行的，“and”前面是动词原形meet，“and”后面应该也用动词原形，所以将drove改为drive。
3、语态错误
在短文改错题中最常见的语态错误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。因为汉语表达习惯上有时不加“被”字也能表示被动，因而造成考生对被动语态不敏感。另外，不及物动词不能携带宾语，因而也就没有被动语态。
例如：
She was very angry at not telling the truth when she listened to the account.
意思是：当她听这个叙述的时候，她很生气没有被告知真相。这里“她”是被告诉的对象，因而telling应改为being told。
4、虚拟语气错误
虚拟语气的使用错误在综合改错题中主要表现为主句和从句的语气不协调。
例如：We suggest that Henry is told about his condition as soon as possible.
句中动词suggest之后的从句应用虚拟语气，故“is”应改为“be”或“should be”。类似的动词还有propose/ insist/order 等等。
5、非谓语动词的错用。
例如：
①Play football not only makes me grow up…?
Play football是动词，不能做主语，应将其改为Playing football。
②I want to thank you again for have me in your home for the summer holidays.?
介词后面应跟名词，所以for have应改为for having。
③I’d like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.?
would like to后面应加to do，your pen friend是名词短语，不能直接放在would like to后面，所以应改为to be your pen friend。
6、形容词副词混用。
常出现需形容词的地方用了副词或需要用副词的地方用了形容词。这类错误主要考较不常见的形容词、副词的比较级形式。一般来讲，考生不难掌握。
例如：
①It’s terrible hot here.
Terrible是形容词，不能修饰形容词，应将其改为terribly。
②Culture is essentially to our humanness．
Essentially—essential。Culture is后面应该有一个表语，但是essentially是副词不能做表语，因此改成essential。
7、介词错误。
主要是介词的多余或缺失、错用。这一部分需要平时多多积累来弄清常用介词的搭配。
例如：
①In an addition, he still went to see a movie.
In addition是固定搭配，所以应将In an addition改为In addition。
②This has probably been the case in quite a while.
In—for。Has been是现在完成时的表达方式。因此与之相对应的时间状语就应该是for a quite a while，for表示持续的—段时间。
8、主谓一致性错误。
如第三人称单数漏掉s，或主语为复数，谓语动词却用了单数；以及就近原则对主语的影响等等。
例如：
The president of the company, together with the workers, are planning to solve these problems.?
句中主语的主词为单数名词“president”，介词短语“together with the workers”与主语无关，是插入成分，故谓语动词应用单数is。
2011专八改错训练及详解（1）
The tendency nowadays to wander in wildernesses is delightful
to see. Thousands of tired, nerve-shaking, over-civilized people are __1__
beginning to find out that going to mountains is going home; that wildness is a necessity; and mountain parks and reservations are __2__
useful not only as fountains of timber and irrigating rivers, and as __3__
fountains of life. Awakening from the stupefying effects of the
vicious of over-industry and the deadly apathy of luxury, they are __4__
trying as best they can to mix and enrich their own little ongoings
with that of Nature, and to get rid of rust and disease. Briskly __5__
venturing and roaming, some are washing off sins and cares of the
devil's spinning in storms on mountains, bending down and parting
sweet, flowery sprays; tracing rivers back their sources, getting in __6__
touch with the nerves of Mother Earth; jumping from rock to rock, panting in whole-souled exercise, and rejoicing in deep, long-drawn
breathes of pure wildness. This is fine and natural and full of promise. __7__
So also was the growing interest in the care and preservation of __8__
forests and wild places in general, and in the half wild parks and gardens of towns. Even the scenery exists in its most artificial forms, mixed with spectacles, silliness, and kodaks; its devotees
arrayed gorgeously than scarlet tanagers, frightening the wild game __9__
with red umbrellas,--even this is encouraging, and may well be
regarded as a hopeful sign of times. __10__
答案及解析:
1.nerve-shaking--nerve-shaken
句中用的是shake“动摇（信心，信念）”这一意义，而作为这个意思是，shake是及物动词，例如：She was shaken by the crisis。所以作为名词定于应该用它的-ed形式。
2.^mountain --that
谓语动词词组find out 后面实际上有三个并列的宾语从句，当宾语从句并列时，只有第一个宾语从句的引导词that 可以省略。而人们常常把最后一个宾语从句的引导词that省略掉。
3.and--but
前文中有一个“not only”，那么后面必须要有“but（also）”与之对应，否则这个结构便是不完整的。
4.vicious--vice
vicious是形容词，它对应的名词形式是vice。
5.that--those
代词和它的先行词必须保持单复数的一致，原文中that的先行词应该是on-goings，那么应该用that的复数形式those。
6.back^--to
trace back to 的意思是“追溯到”，其中副词back可以省略，然而介词to是不可以缺少的。
7.breathes--breaths
breathe和breath这两个词容易混淆，前者是动词，后者是名词，这里是名词形式，所以用breath的复数形式breaths。
8.was--is
虽然这一句很长，它的结构是动词替代“so+代动词do+somebody”最简短反应。代动词do包括助动词be、have、do等情态助动词。在一般情形下，代动词do的时态与前句是一致的。
9.^gorgeously--more
既然这个句子中有“than”，那么就应该有比较级与之搭配。
10.^times--the
表示时代是，要用复数加定冠词the times。如：
He is not willing to move with the times.
2011专八改错训练及详解（2）
The word encyclopedia began as a Greek word and means
"instruction in the whole circle." It was the first used in __1__
English by sir Thomas Eloyt in 1538. Encyclopedias today
are usually arranged in alphabetical order, but in early times
they were arranged in any way the author liked. One writer
in the Middle Ages began with a discussion of God and
angels and end with descriptions of scents and colors and __2__
a list of 36 different kinds of eggs. The first
alphabetically arranged encyclopedia was published in 1704
by an English clergyman named after John Harris. __3__
The oldest encyclopedia in reality was written during the __4__
first century A.D. by Plainy, a Roman. Its 37 volumes
list over 20 thousand items. It is valued highly for hundreds __5__
of years. Up to 1536 43 editions had been published.
The largest encyclopedia, the third Chinese encyclopedia
containing over 5020 volumes and was compiled during the __6__
eighteenth century. Between 1751 and 1765 the French
Encyclopedia appeared. This collecton was usual because __7__
contemporary famous men, imcluded V oltarie, Rousseau, and __8__
Diderot, wrote aticles for it.
work for English-speaking people. It first appeared in Scotland __9__
in 1771. In 1961 the world Book Company published a braille
edition of its encyclopedia for blind readers. __10__
答案及解析:
1. 去掉first前面的the
2. end—ended
ended与began一同做谓语
3. 去掉named后面的after
4. reality—existence
此处表示“现存的”
5. is—was
6. containing—contains
7. ususl—unusual
8. included—including
9. people—peoples
表示“民族”
10. its之后加own
强调该百科全书属于the world book company特有
2011专八改错训练及详解（3）
It is difficult to think of a nation as an abstract collection
of people living on a patch of territory. It is easier to think
of as a person. This is why we sometimes call Great Britain __1__ "Britannia" and the United States "Columbia", and think of
it as stately women. We also use masculine symbols in our __2__ personification of nations. In 1712 John Arbuthont, a Scot,
wrote a political satire in that the characters were supposed __3__
to be typical members of different nationalities. The Englishman
was John Bull. This name, which was sufficient flattering to be __4__ adopted generally, combined the most common English first
name with a last name indicated strength. John Bull is usually __5__ pictured as a partly businessman with a union Jack on his hatband.
After the American War of Independence began in 1783, the United __6__ States was knownfor "Brother Jonathan". Jonathan was a biblical __7__ name associated with simple people from rural areas, and it seemed
fitting since the United States is rural and unsophiscated, and since __8__ American considered their type of simplicity a virtue compared to __9__ the wickedness of European cities. It is possible, however, that the
name was originated with President George Washington, who would __10__ often say, when faced with a hard problem, "Let us consult Brother Jonathan", referring to his secrectary, Johnathan Trumbull.
答案及解析:
代替前文的a nation
2.it—both
指代上文的US和Great Britain
3.that—which
4.sufficient—sufficiently
修饰形容词用副词
5. indicated—indicating
6.began—ended
根据历史知识，美国独立战争开始于1776年7月4日（《独立宣言》发表），直到1783年英国正式承认美国独立才结束。
7. for—as
be known for意为“因......而众所周知”
8. is—was
美国过去曾是一个rural and unsophisticated的国家
9.to—with
compare to 意为“把......比作.......”compare with意为“与......比较，与.......匹敌，与......竞争”
10. 删掉name和originated之间的was
2011专八改错训练及详解（4）
Ancient man attempted to change the weather by using
magic. While experience taught him this was impossible, __1__
he tried to forecast weather conditions. Even earlier in __2__
1000 B.C.there were weather seers in Babylon----and
priests clever enough to denounce as frauds those predicted __3__
the weather a year in the advance. Some forecasters used __4__
methods that seemed to take no connection with the actual __5__
factors controlled the weather. Chickens and other animals __6__
were sacrificed and their intestines poked to find signs
indicating rain and drought. Somewhat more scientific were __7__
predictions based on vegetation:"Onion's skin very thin ,mild
weather coming in. Onion's skin thick and tough, coming
weather is cold and rough." Insects and animals were also __8__
favorite weather clues: "Before the glowworm lights his __9__
lamp , then the air is always damp ." "If spiders their cobwebs
forsake , the weather will for certain break ." "If frogs remained
in pools , the weather will be fine . If they were seen on rocks, __10__
rain and cold were due." It's difficult to say whether this rhyme
should be taken seriously : " Hark , I hear the asses bray . Me thinks
we'll have some rain today ."
答案及解析:
1.While—When或After
本句的this指代的是to change the weather by using magic. when/after 引导时间状语
2.in—than
earlier是early的比较级，其后应有than
3.those之后加who
4. 删除advance前的the
in advance为习语
5. take—have
have connection with 为习语
6. controlled—controlling或在controlled前加that/which
controlling the weather 或that/which controlled the weather做定语修饰the actual factors
7. and—or
rain和draught只能是二者之一
8. 删除is
与上文平衡，均为省略句
9. before—when/if
条件句
10. will—would
if引导的是条件句用的是remained一般过去时
2011专八改错训练及详解（5）
The aim of a job interview is to establish whether you are likely to do well in a particular job in a specific organization. This is not only a matter of
having the necessary technical knowledge and skill. You __1__
must also have the motivation, the ability to adapt to
new ways of working and a new working environment, and __2__
the personality to do the job and fit into a new team.
But there are other personal skills affect your success __3__
in a job. These include getting on with people, oral or __4__
written communication, team working, problem solving and good time management.
Most people think that interviewers know what they
are looking for and will recognize when they see it. __5__
However, people are actually not very good at assessing
one and another. This applies to recruiters as much as __6__
anyone else. In fact a former head of selection at one big firm used to say that "some interviewers are so poor they would do better to rely on chances."
In companies which recognize this, various methods are
used to try to find the correct person. The most common __7__
is the structured interview. Research has shown that
this approach is more reliable than the ordinary job
interniew, though not as affective as using tests or __8__
assessment centers. In a structured interview, the
interviewer groups the qualities listing in the job __9__
specification under various headings. There are two well-established structures for this: the National Institute of Industrial Psychology's Seven-Point Plan
the Five-Fold Grading System. The interviewers score
candidates for how well they fit the job specification. __10__
答案及解析:
1.skill--skills
skill一词为可数名词，所以要用复数形式。
在a前面加上to。句子中的a new working environment 和new ways of working 并列充当adapt to 的宾语，介词to 在此不可以省略。
3.affect--affecting或者^affect--that/which
这句话已经有谓语动词are了，所以动词affect可以以现在分词的形式affecting出现，做定语修饰前面的other personal skills；在affect前面加上that或者which，以定语从句的形式修饰other personal skills。
4.or--and
全方面的交际能力应该包括“oral和written”两部分的，而不是其中之一。
5.^when--it
宾语从句中的谓语动词recognize为及物动词，气后应该接宾语，it在此处指代what they are looking for。
6.and--one another 为固定的搭配，意思是“互相，彼此”。
7.correct--right
right和correct当作“对的，正确的”解的时候为同义词，可以替换使用；但此处right应为“适宜的，合适的”，不可以与correct互换。
8.affective--effective
effective意思是“有效的，产生预期效果的”，在此与上下文的意思相吻合；而affective的意思是“情感的，表达感情的”。
9.listing-listed
这里用listed表被动意义。
10.for--against
score...against...可以看作一个固定的搭配，其意思是“根据...打分（评判）”。这个用法好像比较少见。
2011专八改错训练及详解（6）
Is language, as food, a basic human need? Judging __1__
from the drastic experiment of Frederick in the
13th century it may be. Hoping to discover what
language a child would speak if he heard mother __2__
tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.
Today no such drastic deprivation exists as ordered __3__
by Frederick. Furthermore, some children are still __4__
backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the cues and signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to
mop up language rapidly. There are critical times, it seems, when children learn more readily. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for
acquiring skills passes away and they might never be __5__
learned so easily again.
Linguists suggest that speech milestones are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age. But there are cases where speech has started late in a child
who eventually turns up to be of high IQ. Recent __6__
evidence suggests that an infant is born of the __7__
capacity to speak. But speech has to be triggered,
and this depends on interaction between the mother
and the child,where the mother realizes the cues and __8__
signals in the child's babbling, grasping, crying,
smiling, and responds to it. Insensitivity of the __9__
mother to these signals dulls the interation because
the child gets discouraged and sends out only obvious
signals. Sensitivity to the child's verbal cues is __10__
答案及解析:
1.as--like
作为介词，as是“作为”的意思；like是“像……一样”的意思。as用在此处显然句意不通。
2.^mother--no
根据下文提到的he told the nurses to keep silent 可以判断出，此处应该为if he heard no mother tongue，即：如果听不到母语，孩子会讲什么语言。
3.as^--that
句中的as是一个介词，后面缺少宾语，后面添加的that替代the deprivation，而ordered by Frederick 是一个过去分词短语，做定语修饰that。
4..Furthermore--Neverthless/However
Furthermore表示的是递进关系，而这一句话与前一句话明显构成的是转折关系。
5.away--动词pass是指“经过，通过，流逝”，而pass away是指“去世，死亡”，用在此处不和文意。
6.up--out
短语turn up的意思是“出现，找到”，而turn out 的意思是“结果证明是……”，这句话的意思是说：有些情况是说话比较迟的孩子，最终却被证明智商很高。
7.of--with
be born with...意思是“与生俱来的...”是一固定短语搭配。
8.realizes--recognizes
realize意思是“认识到，了解”，recognize的意思是“识别，认可”，可见recognize符合文章意思：语言需要激发，而这取决于母亲和孩子之间的互动，在互动当中，母亲识别孩子的牙牙学语声和笑声哭声中的暗示和信号。
9.it--them
此处指代的词是cues and signals，所以，代词应该用复数形式them。
10.verbal--nonverbal
根据上文判断，babbling，prasping，crying，smiling均为非言语信号，所以是nonverbal。
2011专八改错训练及详解（7）
Some people say love makes the world go around.
Others say it is not love; it's money.Since the __1__
truth is that it is energy that makes the world
go around. Energy is the currency of the ecological
system and life becomes possible even when food is __2__
converted into energy, which in turns is used to seek
more food to grow, to reproduce and to survive. In this __3__
cycle all life depends. It is fairly well known that
wild animals survive from year to year by eating as many as __4__
they can during times of plenty, the summer and fall,
storing the excess, usually in the form of fat, and then
using these reserves of fat to survive during the hard time __5__
in winter when food is scarce. But it is probably less well
known that even with their stored fat, wild animals spend
less energy to live in winter than in summer. A good case
in point is white-tailed deer. Like most wildlife, deer __6__
reproduce, grow,and store fat in the summer and fall
when there is plenty of nutritious food available. A
physically mature female deer in the good condition who __7__
has conceived in November and was given birth to two fawns __8__
for food for the necessary energy not only to meet her
body's needs but also to reproduce milk for her fawns. The __9__
best milk production occurs at the same time that new plant
growth is available. This is good timing, because milk
production is an energy consuming process -- it requires
a lot of food. The need can be met unless the region has __10__
ample food resources.
答案及解析:
1.Since--however/But
该句子与前面两个句子在意义和逻辑上是转折关系，而since只能引导原因状语从句或者时间状语从句。
2.even--only
用only强调条件when food is converted into energy，表示“只有当食物转化为能量时”，而even没有这个意思。3.In--On
此处实际上考查的是depend on，为了强调状语，把on this cycle放在了句首，正常的顺序应该是“All life depends on this cycle”。
4.many--much
这里much指代的是不可数名词food。
5.time--times
根据上下文的语境，此处time为“某一时期的生活状况，环境等”的含义，一般用复数形式times，再如：We lived through terrible times during the war years。
6.is^--the
这句话是说：一个很好的例子是白尾鹿。这里是表示特指，所以white-tailed deer前面应该有定冠词the。
7.the--in good condition为一个习语，good前面没有冠词。再如：The goods arrived in good condition。
8.was--句子的主语是怀孕的成年母鹿，与give birth to 是施动者与动作的关系，不应用被动语态。
9.reproduce--produce
根据常识和上下文的内容母鹿所需的能量是为了产奶（produce milk），而不是繁殖奶（reproduce milk）。
10.can^--not
句中用到的是“not…unless…”这一固定结构表示“除非…，才能…”
2011专八改错训练及详解（8）
For over 900 years, the Tower of London has served as a loyal __1__
palace and fortress. Today, it's famous for its bloody history and
for being the place where the Crown Jewels are kept.But it has served
for other purposes, too. It has been the royal arsenal, royal mint, __2__
royal observatory or even the royal zoo. The site of the Tower was __3__
originally part of the Roman city of Londinium.
But, in 1066, a foreigner from north west France became King William __4__
of Britain, he ordered that a wooden castle built on the banks of __5__
the river Thames. The purpose of this fortress was to help secure
London, the most important city in his view realm. Ten years later,
William had the fortress rebuild in stone, and created a great __6__
fortified palace with walls three metre thick. Today, this building __7__
is known as the White Tower, and it stands in the centre of a much
larger stone fortress, which was built during later centuries. The
busy financial district of the capital. But, once inside the high stone
walls, it's easy to forget the modern world outside and to take a
trip back through history. To help visitors explore, there are special
ceremonial guards, called Yeoman Warders. They are also known as
Beefeaters, and they are the best resource of information about the __9__
Tower's history. Nearly 40 Yeoman live and work in the Tower.
They are former soldiers who earned the privilege of serving as __10__
Yeoman after long service.
答案及解析:
1.loyal--royal
loyal和royal两个词形似容易混淆，前者是“忠实的”，后者是“皇家的，王室的”。
2.for--/
serve the purpose 的意思是“适用，有……的用途”，不需要介词for。如：
I don't really think that this piece of furniture serves any useful purpose.
3.or--and
the royal zoo 和前面的the royal arsenal, royal mint, royal observatory都是并列项，所以在最后一项之前应该用and。4.But^--when;^a--when
原句其实有两个分句，a foreigner from north west France became King William of Britain 和he ordered that a wooden castle built on the banks of the river Thames,两个分句之间缺少了连词连接。根据逻辑关系，这里应该用表示时间的连接词when。
5.^built--be
动词order后面的that从句可以是be型虚拟语气，也可以是情态助动词should。所以可以说order that a castle should be built或者order that a castle be bulit。在后一种表达中，表被动的助动词be不能省略。
6.rebuild--rebuilt
这里出现的词组应该是have something done，意思是要求别人做某事。
7.metre--metres
当数词和度量名词之间没有连词符时，名词应该用复数形式。
8.the（area）--an
an area of seven hectares这是一个同位语词组，area前应该用不定冠词。
9.resource--source
resource是“资源”，source是“来源”，所以应该说a source of information, a source of illness, a source of knowledge等。
10.who^--have
显然earned the privilege of serving as Yeoman这个动作的结果是延续到现在的，应该用现在完成体。
2011专八改错训练及详解（9）
Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose
productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States
and Europe.But increasingly the Japanese is seeing a decline of their __1__
traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were
hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being,
but now Japan has large fulfilled its economic needs, and young people __2__
don't know where they should go next.
The coming of the age of the postwar baby boom and an entry __3__
of women into the male-dominated job market has limited the opportunities __4__
of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal
sacrifices involved climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good __5__
percent Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life,compared __6__
with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far
more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than
did their counterparts in the 10 countries surveyed. __7__
While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics.
Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanic learning __8__
over creativity and self-expression. Last year Japan experienced 2,125
incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers.
Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return
to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Detoyama,
who was then education minister, raised his eyebrow when he argued __9__
that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities
after World War II had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect of parents." __10__
答案及解析:
1.is--are
the加上形容词一类人的时候后面应用动词的复数形式，如：The old receive particular respect in Chinese society.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3a9182427.html,rge-largely
这里large是修饰fullfilled的，所以应改为largely，表示“大部分地”，如：The fundis largely financed through government borrowing.
3.the（age）--/
动词词组come of age表示“已成年”，中间不用任何冠词，所以它一旦变为-ing形式仍然保持原样。另外要避免将原句误读成The coming of ,the age of the postwar baby boom,这样断句意思解释不通。
4.has--have
有两个原因限制了青少年进好的学校找到好的工作，这两个原因由and连接作并列主语，所以谓语动词应该用复数。
5.involved^--in
involved后面少了in，表示“关于，涉及到”，如All the children were involved in the school play.
6.^Japanese--of
当percent做名词时，它后面应加上介词of，如：
The report states that 42 percent of the alunmi contributed to the endowment.
当percent作形容词或者副词时，则不加of。如：
There has been a ten percent increase in the number of new students arriving at polytechnic this year.
7.^countries--other
从上句话中可知道Japan也参与了这次普查，因此在这句话里的比较结构中Japan应和其他10个同意参加普查的国家进行比较，所以应注明是10 other countries。
8.mechanic--mechanical
mechanic是名词，表示“制造工，技工”，所以这里应把它改为mechanical表示“机械的”。
9.eyebrow--eyebrows
toraise one's eyebrow 表示“（某事）引起（某人）的惊讶或不赞同”，如：
He raised his eyebrows over some of the suggestions.
10.of--for
respect 后面通常跟for接人，表示“对（某人）的尊重”，如：respect for the old。
2011专八改错训练及详解（10）
academic institutions, fields of study and careers in the basis of __1__
earning potential. In an extensive 1989 survey of college students
nationwide, 72 percent of students reported that their primary
objective to attending college was to make more money upon graduation. __2__
This state of mind came with the present generation. Studies show
that the majority of baby boomers attended college to develop
themselves, their critically thinking skills and their personal __3__
philosophies of life.
Nationaly, the number of students going into business-related fields
has sharply increased, and this rise has attributed primarily to __4__
the shift in educational and career priorities. At Duke, economy is __5__
now the most popular major, attracting nearly 15 percent of the under-
graduates, and history majors comprise only 5 percent of undergraduate __6__
population. Thirty years ago the situation was reversed, with economic
and business administration majors together consisting 8.7 percent of __7__
undergraduates and almost 12 percent of undergraduates declared __8__
themselves history majors. The number of English majors has also decreased,
from 9 percent in 1969 to 5.5 percent today.
Degrees in economics are marketed and likely to garner their holders __9__
of high salaries without the added effort of medical or law school. __10__
And given the objectives of current college students, such options
are attractive.
答案及解析:
1.in--on
词组on the basis of 中须用介词on而不是in。
2.to(attending)--in/of
不要将objective和objective相混淆，object后需加介词to，但这里应用in或者of表示“上大学的目标是……”。3.critically--critical
thinking在这里已变成名词，因此前面应该用形容词critical来修饰，表示“批判性思维”。
4.^attributed--been
attribute作动词时是及物动词，通常的搭配是to attribute sth to sth，因此这里应使用被动语态，加上been。
5.economy--economics
economy表示一个国家的“经济”，而economics才表示“经济学”，因此这里应使用economics。
6.and--while/but
and表示顺接，而这里缺少的是一个表示对比的连词，因为历史系学生和经济系学生在人数上形成很大对比，所以应改and 为while或者but。
7.consisting--comprising/constituting或者consisting^--of
consist的意思是“包括，由……组成”，一般要与介词of连用，而comprise或者constitute则表示“组成……”，而且不需要与of连用。
8.declared--declaring
“almost 12 percent of undergraduates declared themselves history majors”和“economic and business administration majors together consisting 8.7 percent of undergraduates"应是并列结构跟随介词with，所以这里应将declared变为declaring，与前面的分句保持形式上的一致。
9.marketed--marketable
原句的意思是“经济学的文凭是有市场的，有销路的”，所以应该是marketable。
garner后面不需加介词of，直接说garner sth即可。
2011专八改错训练及详解（11）
We use language primarily as a means of communication with
other human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which we live a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as __1__ to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular __2__ message: the English speaker has in his disposal a vocabulary and a __3__ set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his __4__ thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other English __5__ speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses activetly and that which he recognises, increases in size as he grows
old as a result of education and experience. __6__
But, whether the language store is relatively small or large, the system remains no more than a psychological reality for tike inpidual, unless
he has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another __7__ member of his linguistic community; he has to give the system a
concrete transmission form. We take it for granted two most __8__ common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by our
vocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing). And these are __9__ among most striking of human achievements. __10__
答案:
1. agreeing --------agreed
2. ∧words----------these/those words
3. in the disposal --------at the disposal
4. enables--------enable
5. delete “the” before “other English speakers”
6. old------ older
7. seen ------ perceived, understood, comprehended
8. delete “it” before “for granted”
9.And ----- Yet; However
10.∧most ------ the most striking
2011专八改错训练及详解（12）
Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities
to make life difficult. If a child has good parents, he
is fed, looked after and loved, what he may do, It is __1__
improbable that he will ever again in his life be given
so much without having to do anything in turn. In addition, __2__
life is always presenting new things to the child—things
that have lost their interesting for older people because __3__
they are too well-known. A child finds pleasure in playing
in the rain, or in the snow.His first visit to the
seaside is a marvelous adventure. But a child has his pains:
He is not so free to do as he wishes as he thinks old
or being punished for that he has done wrong. __5__
His life is therefore not longer perfectly happy.? __6__
When the young man starts to earn his own living, he
becomes free from the discipline of school and parents;
but at the same time he is forced to accept responsibilities.
He can not longer expect others to pay for his food, his
clothes, and his room, but has to work if he wants to live
comfortable. If he spends most of his time playing about in __7__
the way that he used to as a child, he will suffer hungry. __8__
And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break
the laws of his parents, he may go to prison. If, therefore, __9__
he works hard, keeps out of trouble and has good health,
he can have the great happiness of seeing himself making __10__
steady progress in his job and of building up for himself
his own position in society.
答案及解析:
1.what改为whatever。whatever引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what，意思是“无论什么”，“不管什么”，whatever 在从句中作宾语。?
2.turn改为return。短语in turn表示“轮流地; 挨个, 依次; 反过来”，而在这里是指孩子对父母的回报。?
3.interesting改为interest。在形容词性物主代词their的后面应跟名词性成分。?
4.第一个do改为are。与前面的is相对应。?
5.that改为what。that引导的是定语从句，在本句中应该使用关系代词what，相当于the thing/ things that。?
6.not改为no。固定搭配的副词短语“no longer”?
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3a9182427.html,fortable改为comfortably。修饰动词live应为副词而不是形容词。?
8.suffer改为go或become或be。或把hungry改为hunger。?
9.therefore改为however。此处的条件状语从句表示转折。?
10.making 改为make。?
2012年3月专八改错部分真题及答案
The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely. The argument has been going since at least the first (1) ______
century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many writers
favoured certain kind of “free” translation: the spirit, not the letter; the (2) _______
sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not (3) _______
the manner. This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who (4) _______
wanted the truth to be read and understood. Then in the turn of 19th (5) _______
century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested that
the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language (6) _______
was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible (7) _______
gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as (8) _______
literal as possible. This view culminated the statement of the (9) _______
extreme “literalists” Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov.
The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, the
nature of the readership, the type of the text, was not discussed. Too
often, writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified with
each other. Now, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains. (10) _____
参考答案：
1. going后加on
2. certain改为a certain
3. rather改为not
4. is 改为was
5. in 改为at
6. 去掉第二个the
7. view后面加that
8. 去掉was
9. culminated后面加in
10. and 改为but
2011年3月专八真题参考答案：改错部分
From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knew
that when I grew up I should be a writer. Between the ages of about 1
seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea, but I did so
with the consciousness that I was outraging my true nature and that 2
sooner or later I should have to settle down and write books. 3
I was the middle child of three, but there was a gap of five years 4
on either side, and I barely saw my father before I was eight. For
this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely, and I soon developed
disagreeable mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my 5
schooldays. I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories and
holding conversations with imaginary persons, and I think from 6
the very start my literary ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of 7
being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with words
and a power of facing unpleasant facts, and I felt that this created 8
a sort of private world in which I could get my own back for my failure 9
in everyday life. Nevertheless the volume of serious —i.e. seriously 10
intended —writing which I produced all through my childhood and
boyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first
poem at the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation.
1. grew 后加up
2. conscience 改成consciousness
3. soon 改成sooner
4. the 去掉
5. disagreeing 改成disagreeable
6. imaginative 改成imaginary
7. literal 改成literary
8. in 去掉
9. which 前加in
10. Therefore, 改成Nevertheless
2009真题
Proofreading & Error Correction:
The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passes
from one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference (1)_____ between shcool lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse, learnt
has grown up, and has children of their own, or even grandchildren. (3)_____ The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmitting
It may be something from twenty to seventy years. With the playground (4)_____ lore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on whtin the very hour (5)_____ it is learnt; and in the general, it passes between children of the (6)_____
same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in age
between playmates to be more than five years. If therefore, a playground
rhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, or (7)_____ even just for fifty, it follows that it has been retransmitting over
and over; very possibly it has passed along a chain of two or three (8)_____ hundred young hearers and tellers, and the wonder is that it remains live (9)_____ after so much handling, to let alone that it bears resemblance to the (10)____ original wording.
09专八改错参考答案，仅供参考，欢迎指正。
（1）illustrated，承接has shown and illustrated...
版本二：the改为a
(2) the little listener改为a little listener,因为是不确指
版本二：when改为until
（3）their改为his以于上文匹配
（4）something 改为somewhere，前者少指时间之长短
版本二：something改为anything
（5）therefore显然应为however
(6) in the general去掉the
(7) currently 改为current
(8) it has passed along 改为it has been passed
版本二：over and over 后面加again
(9) live 改为alive
(10) to let alone去掉to 改为let alone
英语专八改错解题思路 1. 宏观层面分析 （1）句子结构（理顺整个句子的结构，必要时检索上下文） （2）逻辑关系（关联词选择：并列、递进、因果、转折、假设、让步等） （3）时态和语态（完成时和虚拟语气是考查重点） 2. 微观层面分析 （1）缺漏（介词、代词、引导词）（2）冗余（两个主语、同义重复） （3）误用（词性、分词、正反义、主被动、形容词和副词级别） （4）一致性（名词单复数、主谓一致、先行词）（5）词义与固定搭配 3. 注意事项（1）即使按照语感很快找到了疑似错误，也要坚持读完全句再做判断，可能会有新的发现。过于相信第一感觉而带来的失分是划不来的。 （2）分两次改比较合理，因为毕竟只有少数人能够在第一遍看材料的时候就找出所有的错误，尽管这些错误不见得隐藏得多深。 （3）常考题型，高度警惕。冠词：the变a, a变the，补the补a，删a删the，每年都玩的把戏。 单复数：无非是his变their之类的，关键是细心。近义词：例如distinct和distinctive，move和movement，interest和interests… 反义词：尤其看到dis, un, im，in，non之类的，更要琢磨一下。 关联词：几乎是保留节目，and, but, however, though, moreover, therefore… 非谓语动词：见了ing想ed，见了ed想ing, 就是这么贱。 形容词比较级：多半是把原形改为比较级。考的频率也蛮高的。虚拟语气：注意一下还是比较容易看出来的，多长个心眼儿吧。 It：有时要加，有时要删，有时要变itself，总之多盯“它”几眼。动词词组：其实主要是介词的问题，这个没办法临时抱佛脚，要靠积累. 改错： 1、改错虽然为主观题，但错误类型相对集中，可分为以下几种情况： 定冠词：a, an, the误用，甚至多出来；解决办法：分析定冠词的主语及上下文有无指代；级：分两类错误，第一种是原级用成比较级，比较级用成最高级，反之亦然。有一种除外，是两者比较谁最好，可以用最高级；第二种是意思相反，如most改为least； 连词错误：也分两种，第一种为连词误用，应该表示转折的用成了并列，比如while改为and；第二种为近义词。在不同语境中用However, Nonetheless, 比用but更合适，更合乎语法；（与逻辑关系也有关，看上下文，联系语境） 词性错误：多出现为形容词转变为副词，反之亦然；也有可能是限定，如adv.+adj.+n.，如下所说；形容词改为动词或名词等，多出现在一词多性的情况下； 形容词限定错误：出现在adj.+adj.+n.要知道第1个adj.是限定第2个adj.还是限定n.；若是限定第2个adj.，大多改为副词adv.； 搭配错误：多为介词搭配错误，如in some extent改为to，rely in改为on等；也有搭配词没有给出，需要自己添加，比如define...as； 词义错误：比如：rather than改为other than；（此项比较难） 近义形容词错误：例如：respective, respectable, respectful, respecting, respected；（此项比较难） 缺失：例如the fact 后面直接接了句子，中间缺少that，表明同位关系； 多余：有的地方莫名其妙多出一个词，多为介词，是没有用的； 词义相反：多出现在形容词，需要在前面添加或去掉in-, im-, ir-, un-等否定前缀； 主动被动：分析主语与谓语动词的逻辑关系是主动还是被动，多出现在分句中；
高考英语短文改错常见错误讲解与选练题 短文改错常见错误讲解 1. 谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，常见动词错误类型有： ①一般现在时与一般过去时错用； ②and前后动词时态不一致； ③主谓不一致； ④缺少动词，特别是be动词； ⑤第三人称单数形式错用； ⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。 2. 名词的常见错误：单复数名词错用，可数名词与不可数名词错用。 3. 冠词错误：误用a和an（根据单词的第一个音素来判定）；误用a/an和the（固定搭配，或泛指、特指；多冠词或少冠词） 4. 形容词和副词错误：系动词（am/is/are/was/were/become/go）和感官性动词（smell/feel）后用形容词；词性的误用（形容词修饰名词；副词修饰动词和形容词）。 5. 代词错误：代词的主格和宾格（I/me; he/him; she/her; we/us; they/them）错误；反身代词（myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves）使用错误；代词的单数和复数使用错误；代词指代错误；多代词或少代词。 6. 非谓语动词的常见错误：不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时；and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致；介词后用动名词形式作宾语；某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。 7. 介词错误：词组中的介词误用；介词意思理解偏差；介词的多用或少用。
实战选编题 A [2017·全国卷Ⅲ] 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。 When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes，playing pop music，and collecting the late music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days. [参考答案]
2012年3月专八真题：改错部分 The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely．The argument has been going since at least the first (1) ______ century ．Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many writers favoured certain kind of “free” translation: the spirit, not the letter; the (2) _______ sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not (3) _______ the manner．This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who (4) _______ wanted the truth to be read and understood．Then in the turn of the 19th (5) ____ century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested that the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language (6) _______ was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible (7) _____ gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as (8) __ literal as possible．This view culminated the statement of the (9) _______ extreme “literalists” Walter Benjamin and Vladimi r Nobokov. The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, the nature of the readership, the type of the text, was not discussed．Too often, writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified with each other． Now, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains．(10) _____ 参考答案： 1．going后加on 2．certain改为a certain 3．rather改为not 4．is 改为was
2005年3月21日专业八级考试改错 When I was in my early teens, I was taken to a spectacular show on ice by the mother of a friend. Looked round a the luxury of the 1. rink, my friend’s mother remarked on the “plush” seats we had been given. I did not know what she meant, and being proud of my 2 vocabulary, I tried to infer its meaning from the context. “Plush” was clearly intended as a complimentary, a positive evaluation; that 3. much I could tell it from the tone of voice and the context. So I 4. started to use the word. Yes, I replied, they certainly are plush, and so are the ice rink and the costumes of the skaters, aren’t they? My friend’s mother was very polite to correct me, but I could tell from her 5. expression that I had not got the word quite right. Often we can indeed infer from the context what a word roughly means, and that is in fact the way which we usually acquire both 6. new words and new meanings for familiar words, specially in our 7. own first language. But sometimes we need to ask, as I should have asked for Plush, and this is particularly true in the 8. aspect of a foreign language. If you are continually surrounded by 9. speakers of the language you are learning, you can ask them directly, but often this opportunity does not exist for the learner of English. So dictionaries have been developed to mend the gap. 10.
专八改错题技巧+经验 改错题采取的避实就虚的原则，应该从根本上解决问题，大量做题未必是件好事，所谓的基本是指语法概念，我们称之为虚的概念，如主谓一致、代词、冠词、副词、分词、逻辑关系、固定搭配、等是最容易出题的地方，学生应该作一写针对语言点、基本功的练习，推荐宫玉波《语言点必备》达到对语言点的敏感程度。改错不难，关键是对语言点的把握，改错就是以一种比较复杂的结构靠一些比较基础的语言点知识。 对于改错这一题型与其他一些形式不同，它需要考生对英语具备相当高的综合运用能力。无论是语法、词汇还是惯用法都能成为改错的对象。考生必须在全面理解短文内容的基础上指出并改正错误，使句子和短文的意思以及句、段的结构正确、完整。这种改错要求考生具有语篇水平（Discourse level）。故此可以说，在某种程度上，它能较清晰地反映出考生的总体英文水平。 另外，该题型的主要特点是，一改传统的句子单位改错，代之以篇章单位的短文形式。这一改革不仅要求考生有更高的阅读理解能力，而且迫使考生摆脱原先较为孤立片面的思维定势，以一种连贯的思路整体的眼光去适应这一新题型。 做题时千万不要拿起来就改。正确的做法是先从头到尾通读全文，在正确理解或大致正确理解甚至在猜想原文的前提下，再仔细推敲需要改正或增添的内容。此时，考生必须充分调动所掌握的语法和词汇两方面的知识，发挥自身领会、推理，判断乃至猜想的能力，并利用以往的学习经验.做起题来才能游刃有余。 找出错误并改正后，还要注意通读全文。从词汇和语法两方面来检查被改正后的短文的意思是否通顺，逻辑概念是否严密合理，结构是否正确，完整。 总而言之，这一题型对于中国考生来讲，难度很大，因为要求考生指出和改正的错误往往是考生在英语学习中常犯和易犯的错误，不易察觉。这就要求考生在学习时不能'知半解、似是而非，而必须十分仔细、认真并多做这类改错练习，而且每次练习都要遵照正确的方法和步骤.久而久之就能容易地发现和改正语病，答对率也会逐步提高，从而会增强信心，考出最佳成绩。 为了能使考生较为彻底地把握解决错误、识别语病的钥匙，为了避免“知其然而不知其所以然”的现象，我们首先从错误类型归类着手，介绍易于记忆的、起关键作用的要点、标记，并以此作为钥匙去开启识别、改正短文的语病之大门。具体地讲，错误类型有以下几种：1.主谓一致；2.动词时态；3.动词语态：主动／被动语态；4.连接词／并列句／从句；5.比较级；6.虚拟语气；7.非谓语动词；8.代词与先行词的一致；9.倒装句语序；10.赘述；11.增添词；12.易混淆的词。
高考英语短文改错 常见错误类型 高考英语改错题是考生感到棘手的题型之一。笔者对近几年的高考英语改错题作了细致的分析并加以归类后，发现错误类型主要集中在以下方面。（例题保留原题号） 1. 动词时态 每年都有时态错误的小题，而且改动基本集中在一般过去时与一般现在时之间。时态的更改要以上下文的主体时态为依据。 （1）（2003全国卷）She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was... 84. read （and连接并列谓语） （2）（2004江苏卷）At once I apologize and controlled myself... 83. apologized （and连接并列谓语） （3）（2004全国卷）Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class,... 82. talk （根据sometimes可判断此句为一般现在时） （4）（2005全国卷Ⅱ）I will write again and send you the photos we take together. 85. took （把照片寄给你，应该是已经拍好的，用过去时） （5）（2005全国卷Ⅰ）There are advantage for students to work while studying at school. One of them was that they can earn money. 77. is （从上下文判断，应该是现在时，谓语用is） （6）（2005江苏卷）We named him Jack and keep him for about three years. 76. kept （and连接并列谓语） 2. 名词单复数 单复数互改是高考英语改错题的基本题型之一，改动的依据有：一是根据名词前的修饰限定成份；二是根据上下文的逻辑关系。 （1）（2003全国卷）Their word were a great encouragement to me. 85. words （是把word改为words 还是把were改为was，根据名词前的修饰限定词their来决定。） （2）（2004江苏）that was a dinner we had waited for several month. 85. months （several修饰复数名词） （3）（2004全国卷Ⅰ）a few minute on the Internet. 77. minutes （a few修饰复数名词） （4）（2005全国卷Ⅱ）But one and a half year later. 79. years （one and a half意思为一年半，故判断此处year应为复数形式） （5）（2005全国卷Ⅰ）There are advantage for students to work... 76. advantages （从there are 判断应该用名词复数） 3. 句子结构 句子结构方面的错误范围庞大，解答高考英语改错题主要可以从以下几方面来思考：1）句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）单词的词性与其在句中的功能是否相符；3）主谓一致；4）复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。 （1）（2004 全国卷）I won’t be able to meet you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon. 78. because/as （复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词运用不当） （2）（2004 全国卷Ⅱ）I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me. 81. why （复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词运用不当） （3）（2005全国卷Ⅰ）For the most part, students working to earn money for their own use. 78. work （缺谓语动词） （4）（2005全国卷Ⅰ）Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything if they like. 79. allows （主语是动名词短语Earning their own money，谓语应该用单数） （5）（2005江苏卷）But the most wonderful thing about Jack were his musical ability. 84. was
一，语法错误：出题比例最高 1.名词错误 1)名词使用不当（名词近义词的区别） 2)名词单复数：有时名词复数，如savings表示银行存款， 储蓄金；communications表示通讯手段/交通方式 3)名词可数与不可数 4)名词与动词、形容词等之间的词性转换：为了语法的要求，需要将名词转化成其衍生而 来的形容词等等（如：Europe 换成European） 2.动词错误 a)时态错误 b)原型与非谓语形态之间的转换：根据语境语法需求，将原型转换为非谓语形态。 c)主谓一致：如主语复数时，谓语也应是复数形式。 d)分词用法的错误：根据语境语法需求，-ed分词与-ing分词之间的转换 e)情态动词的时态错误：如虚拟语气中的情态动词应用过去式，而非现在时。 3.代词错误： 1)数：没有与所指代的主语等保持单复数上的一致 如：agreed conventions as the way in which….中的way应改为ways因为其指代的是conventions 2)One 与oneself的混淆：在分词结构中，分词型动词后的人称代词要考虑动作的实施者 是不是自己，如果是，宾语一定是oneself。 3)One指代可数名词的单数形式，thing可指代不可数名词\ 例如：the desire to use language as a sign of national identity is a very natural one中desire是不可数名词，故不能用one，只能用thing 4)特指和泛指的互换 例如：Men often feel the need to cultivate a given language to show that they are distinctive from another race. 分析：a是不定冠词，表示泛指一类人或事物，而本句中的given language 应该是特指他们的语言，所以应改为their 5)指代的范围错误（指示代词的误用）：是前指还是后指，如these与those的区别（these 是一个后指代词，也就是让我们从其后找到指称它的名词。 6)关系代词误用：如which和that，像定语从句中先行词为something，everything，nothing， little，few,all等不定代词时，引导定语从句的关系代词应该是that而不是which。 4. 形容词误用： 1)形容词和副词间的错误转换：没有根据语境语法要求，在该使用形容词的地方用的副词； 或该使用副词的地方使用形容词。 2)形容词近义词误用：所使用的形容词不贴合语境，只是与所应使用的形容词形似罢了。 （如live和alive） 3）形容词原型与比较级之间的转换： 形容词比较级的地方错写为原级，这就要留意该形容词所在句是否是
英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析 About half of the infant and maternal deaths in developing countries could be avoided if women had used family planning methods to prevent high risk ____1____ pregnancies, according to a report publishing recently by the Johns Hopking ____2____ University. The report indicates that 5.6 million infant deaths and 2,000,000 maternal Deaths could be prevented this year if women chose to have theirs children ____3____ within the safest years with adequate intervals among births and limited their ____4____ families to moderate size. This amounts to about half of the 9.8 million infant and 370.000 maternal deaths in developing countries, excluded China, estimated for this year by ____5____ the United Nation’s Children’s Fund and the US Centers for Disease Control respectably. China was excluded because very few births occur in the high ____6____
专八改错技巧总结
英语专八改错解题思路 1. 宏观层面分析（1）句子结构（理顺整个句子的结构，必要时检索上下文） （2）逻辑关系（关联词选择：并列、递进、因果、转折、假设、让步等） （3）时态和语态（完成时和虚拟语气是考查重点） 2. 微观层面分析 （1）缺漏（介词、代词、引导词）（2）冗余（两个主语、同义重复） （3）误用（词性、分词、正反义、主被动、形容词和副词级别） （4）一致性（名词单复数、主谓一致、先行词）（5）词义与固定搭配 3. 注意事项 （1）即使按照语感很快找到了疑似错误，也要坚持读完全句再做判断，可能会有新的发现。过于相信第一感觉而带来的失分是划不来的。（2）分两次改比较合理，因为毕竟只有少数人能够在第一遍看材料的时候就找出所有的错误，尽管这些错误不见得隐藏得多深。 （3）常考题型，高度警惕。冠词：the变a, a变the，补the补a，删a删the，每年都玩的把戏。
单复数：无非是his变their之类的，关键是细心。近义词：例如distinct和distinctive，move和movement，interest和interests… 反义词：尤其看到dis, un, im，in，non之类的，更要琢磨一下。 关联词：几乎是保留节目，and, but, however, though, moreover, therefore… 非谓语动词：见了ing想ed，见了ed想ing, 就是这么贱。 形容词比较级：多半是把原形改为比较级。考的频率也蛮高的。虚拟语气：注意一下还是比较容易看出来的，多长个心眼儿吧。 It：有时要加，有时要删，有时要变itself，总之多盯“它”几眼。动词词组：其实主要是介词的问题，这个没办法临时抱佛脚，要靠积累. 改错： 1、改错虽然为主观题，但错误类型相对集中，可分为以下几种情况： 定冠词：a, an, the误用，甚至多出来；解决
高考英语短文改错常见错误类型分析 一、记叙文（文章主体时态是一般过去时, 而议论文通常以一般现在时为主） 1. 比较级使用错误 more 跟形容词或副词构成比较级，如more patient and less aggressive（更耐心而少些放肆）；than用在形容词或副词比较级之后，如…older than me（……比我更大）。 2. each of 和every one of 用在复数名词或代词之前，然而动词仍用单数。 Each of the houses is slightly different. 每所房子东圃稍有区别。（复数名词：houses） I bought a dozen of eggs and every one of them was bad.（代词复数：them） 我买了一打鸡蛋，每个鸡蛋都是坏的。 3.固定搭配使用错误 did wrong→ went wrong出错；出故障，出毛病；出问题 on particular→in particular尤其；特别cut off（切断；杜绝）→cut down（减少） neither …or→neither…nor for a result→ as a result 结果 share for→share with 和…….分享 4. 代词使用错误（根据上下文的意思来判断，特别注意人称代词前后指代不一致的情况）人称代词宾格（me, us, you, him, her, them）通常放在动词或介词后面作宾语，形容词性物主代词（my, our, your, his, her, their）通常放在名词之前作定语，而名词性物主代词（mine, ours, yours, his ,hers, theirs）通常单独使用 单数复数 it（它）→them（它们）, me→us（我们） myself（我自己）→me（我）me→mine（我的……） They→We we→they here（这儿）→there（那儿）your→you 5. 注意名词前面缺少限定词的情况。 ∧parents→ my parents ∧opinion（观点；看法）→ my opinion ∧car→a car such∧great hotel→such a great hotel 6. 引导词或连接词使用错误: which→what though→ because Whenever（无论什么时候）→ Wherever（无论在哪里）, anywhere→anyhow（不管怎样）, unless（除非，如果……不……）→until（直到……） 7. 时态使用错误 (1) 把一般现在时改为一般过去时tear →tore（撕开、扯下或撕碎） (2) 把一般过去时改为一般现在时seemed→seems（好像；似乎） (3) and表示“并列关系”时，前后动词的时态要保持一致。 walked out of a room a nd leave→left 8. 介词使用错误: “No more toys to you.”→“No more toys for you.” 9. 介词多余: on today（把on删掉）to home（把to删掉）to anywhere（把to删掉）10. 情态动词使用错误（根据上下文意思来判断）must→could, will→would（间接引语）11. 注意ago 与before的区别，“ago”通常和一般过去时态连用，“before”通常和完成时连用。Two years before→ ago，I have been to Paris twice before. 我以前去过巴黎两次。 12. 副词使用错误(1) 副词放在句首，用来修饰整个句子。Unfortunate, ....... →Unfortunately(2) 副词修饰动词，位于动词之后。I pulled out the toy slow→slowly (3) 副词修饰动词，位于动词之前。get good prepared for examinations→ well and see you if you are in seriously trouble→ serious（严重的）
英语专八改错常见固定搭 配 Prepared on 22 November 2020
形容词短语： Rich in sth. 丰富 Intent on sth. 专注 Indifferent to sth. 漠视 Adjacent to 毗邻 Averse to 嫌恶 Deaf to 不愿意听 Loyal to 忠于 Preferable to 较合人意 Similar to 类似，相同 Superior to 优于，胜于 Sensitive to 敏感 Be (un)conscious of （没有）意识到Be accustomed to 惯于 Be abbreviated to 缩写为 Be reduced to 沦落为减少为 Be resigned to 听任 Be reconciled to 甘心于顺从 Be devoted to 致力于 Be given to 喜欢癖好 Be used to 习惯于 John is alive to the feeling of shame. （敏感）The cat is alive with lice. (充满) The man is blind of an eye. (瞎) Jack was blind to his own fault. (不察觉) 名词短语 A solution to sth. （解决解答）（have） faith in sth. (信任有信心) A glance at sth/sb (扫视一瞥) Need for sth. (需要) Obstacle to (障碍) Limit to (限度) Aid to ( 辅助) Objection to （反对） Indifference to (不关心) Key to (解答关键) Answer to (回答答复) Hindrance to (妨碍阻碍) On sb’s guard (警惕提防) At sb’s request (应某人要求请求) In all probability (十有八九多半) To sb’s delight (使人高兴的是) To…extent 到…程度 On…occasion(s) 在…场合
2000 年 -2015 年专八短文改错试卷 2015 年 3 月 21 日专业八级考试改错 When I was in my early teens, I was taken to a spectacular show on ice by the mother of a friend. Looked round a the luxury of the rink, my friend ’s mother remarked on the “plush ”seats we had been given. I did not know what she meant, and being proud of my vocabulary, I tried to infer its meaning from the context.“Plush”was clearly intended as a complimentary, a positive evaluation 。 that much I could tell it from the tone of voice and the context. So I started to use the word. Yes, I replied, they certainly are plush, and so are the ice rink and the costumes of the skaters, aren’tthey? My friend ’s mother was very polite to correct me, but I could tell from her expression that I had not got the word quite right. Often we can indeed infer from the context what a word roughly means, and that is in fact the way which we usually acquire both new words and new meanings for familiar words, specially in our own first language. But sometimes we need to ask, as I should have asked for Plush, and this is particularly true in the aspect of a foreign language. If you are continually surrounded by speakers of the language you are learning, you can ask them directly, but often this opportunity does not exist for the learner of English. So dictionaries have been developed to mend the gap.1.______ 2. ______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______ 6.______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______ 2014 改错 There is widespread consensus among scholars that second language acquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s to early 1960s. There is a high level of agreement that the following questions (1) ______ have possessed the most attention of researchers in this area: (2) ______ l Is it possible to acquire an additional language in the same sense one acquires a first language? (3) ______ l What is the explanation for the fact adults have (4) ______ more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have? l What motivates people to acquire additional language? l What is the role of the language teaching in the (5) ______ acquisition of additional languages? l What social-cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying the learning of additional languages? From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all (6) ______ the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far have one thing in common: The perspective adopted to view the acquiring of an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do (7) ______ so. Whether one labels it “learning ” or “acquiritionalg ” an addi language, it is an individual accomplishment or what is under (8) ______ focus is the cognitive, psychological, and institutional status of an individual. That is, the spotlight is on what mental capabilities are
校对与改错(Proofreading and Error Correction) 题型分析与应试技巧 校对与改错是英语专业八级考试的第二部分。该部分采用主观测试题型。该项目包含两个部分：答题要求和一篇要求修改的短文。答题要求部分说明修改短文的三种方法：加入、删去和改动某一单词，并举例说明。要求修改的短文长度为200字左右。短文的体裁和题材不超出学生所熟悉的范围。短文内含10个错误；错误都出现在标有题号的行内。错误一般涉及单个词；每行只出现一个错误。要求修改的单词既有功能词（如介词、冠词等），也有实义词（动词、名词等）。错误既涉及句内也涉及句际。校对与改错部分的测试目的是检查学生在实际语境中灵活运用语言的能力。该项目考查学生的语法和词汇知识，但更侧重评估学生的综合语言能力。校对改错部分要求学生在15分钟内找出10个错误，并根据要求用三种方法之中的一种改正错误。 这一部分要求考生掌握三种知识： 1.语法知识 众所周知，英语语言能力包括众多因素，其中之一是语法知识。没有系统的语法知识，学习者就很难全面、准确地以口头或书面的形式表达思维或意念。对于把英语作为外语的学生来说，语法知识的掌握尤为重要，因为它有助于提高语言的准确性、逻辑性。鉴于此，校对改错项目的一个测试点是检验高年级学生语法知识的掌握程度及其运用能力。一般地说，该项目中要求改正的错误里包括一些语法错误。例如： 定语从句（1996年第三题），/ 情态动词（1997年第一题），/ 冠词（1997年第九题）， / 介词（1998年第四题）， / 反身代词（1998年第六题），等等。 校对改错项目要求学生运用已学过的语法知识，来判断句子的正误，找出语病，并作修正。这里要强调的一点是，八级考试的这个项目不是孤立地测试学生
短文改错常见错误类型： 1.动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，常见动词错误类型有 ①一般现在时与一般过去时错用 ② and前后动词时态不一致 ③主谓不一致 ④缺少动词,特别是be动词 ⑤第三人称单数形式错用; ⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。 如2014新课标全国卷I Since then—for all these year—we had been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please. 答案：had改为have 本句的时间状语是all these years，通常和现在完成进行时连用。所以使用have been doing的形式。 如2014新课标全国卷II My dream school starts at 8:30 am and ends at 3:30 pm. There are three lesson in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn’t need to do so many homework. 答案：didn’t改为don’t 本文叙述“我”的梦想学校的情况。根据文章第一句My dream school starts at 8:30 am可知本文基本时态是一般现在时。 如2014新课标全国卷II We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening music. 答案：sat改为sit 本句中的or表示选择关系，也是一个并列连词，所以与前面的lie同样都使用动词原形。 如2014四川卷 Today, I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off. 答案: go改为goes。本句的主语a fire alarm为单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式goes。