作家作品
Naturalism
1、Stephen Crane斯蒂芬·克莱恩1871-1900 战争小说之父
Maggie: A Girl of the Streets《街头女郎麦琪》（美国文学史上首次站在同情立场上描写受辱妇女的悲惨命运）, a pioneering work of sociological naturalism；关于南北战争的The Red Badge of Courage《红色英勇勋章》，奠定了他在美国文坛上不可动摇的地位；优秀短篇小说集The Open Boat《海上扁舟》和blue hotel 《蓝色旅馆》; wounds in the rain 《雨中的伤痕》The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky《新娘来到黄天镇》
2、Theodore Dreiser西奥多·德莱塞1871-1945美国文学史上最杰出的现实主义小说家，一位以探索充满磨难的现实生活着称的美国自然主义作家.
Sister Carrie《嘉莉妹妹》，真实再现了当时美国社会;Jennie Gerhardt《珍妮姑娘》，被称为《嘉莉妹妹》的姐妹篇;Trilogy of Desire欲望三部曲（Financer金融家,The Titan巨人,The Stoic斯多噶）;An American Tragedy《美国悲剧》是德莱赛成就最高的作品，是人们清晰地看到了美国社会的真实情况，“至今依然具有巨大的现实意义”
在《美国悲剧》中，Dreiser intended to tell us that it is the social pressure that makes Clyde's downfall inevitable. Clyde's tragedy is a tragedy that depends upon the American social system which encouraged people to pursue the "dream of success" at all costs.
1、Naturalism emphasized heredity and environment as important deterministic forces shaping individualized characters who were presented in special and detailed circumstances.
2. The effect of Darwinist idea of "survival of the fittest" was shattering. It is not surprising to find in Dreiser's fiction a world of jungle, where “kill or to be killed” was the law.
Dreiser's Writing Features:
?As a naturalist writer, Dreiser stressed determinism in his novels which deals with everyday life, often with its sordid side.
?As a naturalist, he developed the capacity for photographic and relentless (无情的) observation, thereby truthfully reflecting the society and people of his time.
?His narrative method is natural and free from artifice.
Modern Poetry
3、Robert Frost罗伯特·弗罗斯特1874-1963
20世纪最受欢迎的美国诗人, 美国文学中的桂冠诗人田园诗；自然诗?He used symbols from everyday country life to express his deep ideas. His graceful and traditional poetic style is highly appreciated in the country.
A Boy's Will少年心愿and North of Boston波士顿之北were published and highly acclaimed in England. Mending Wall修墙,After Apple-picking摘苹果之
后;Mountain Interval山间The Road Not taken没有选择的道路;
New Hampshire 《新罕布什尔West-running Brook西流的溪涧;A Further Range 又一片牧场;A Witness Tree一株作证的树a masque of reason《理智的假面具》a masque of mercy慈悲的假面具complete poems诗歌全集a steeple bush尖塔丛林The Analysis of “The Road Not Taken”
1.when confronted with important decisions which one must make in life, one must accept the
consequences, for he will not have a chance to go back.
2.He encourages people to try things new and choose the road less traveled by. At the same time,
he expresses the regrets that one can not choose two at the same time.
3.The poem is written in iambic pentameter with the rhyme scheme ABAAB
4.Symbolism is used as a very effective writing technique.
4、Ezra Pound艾兹拉·庞德1885-1972
Imagism
1) With a spirit of revolt against conventions, imagism was anti-romantic and anti-Victorian.
2) Imagism produced free verse without imposing a rhythmical pattern.
3) Imagism tried to record objective observations of an object or a situation without interpretation or comment by the poet (creating an image). It calls for brief language, and pinpoints the precise picture in as few words as possible.
美国著名诗人，意象派的代表人物。他和艾略特同为后期象征主义诗歌的领军人物。他从中国古典诗歌、日本俳句中生发出“诗歌意象”的理论，为东西方诗歌的互相借鉴做出卓越贡献。他帮助了乔伊斯的《尤里西斯》的出版。庞德在促进中西文化交流方面作了很大努力。
意象派（Imagists）现代英美诗歌流派。意象即融入了主观情意的客观物象，本是中国古典文艺理论固有的概念。20世纪初以美国诗人艾兹拉·庞德、艾米·洛威尔和英国诗人托马斯·休姆、理查德·奥尔丁顿为代表的一部分作家、评论家在法国象征主义和中国古典诗歌意象的丰富性、含蓄性、形象性影响下，兴起反对抽象说教，反对陈旧题材与表现形式的诗歌运动。1912年，庞德首次采用了意象派名称。帮助T.S.艾略特修改《荒原》获诺贝尔文学奖。
In London, he came into contact with T.E Hulme and the Poets’ club and soon became the leader
of the imagist movement. Then he moved to “vorticism动感意象派”，which though still stressing direct and bare presentation, sought for some principle of dynamism and energy in the image..
A quinzaine for this Yule; Exultations; The Spirit of Romance罗曼司精神; Personage面具The Anthology Des Imagistes意像派诗选;Cathay华夏（英译中国诗）Cathay: a collection of Chinese translations, based on the manuscripts of Ernest Fennellosa; The Cantos of Ezra Pound庞德诗章（109首及8首未完成稿）
The Analyses of “ In a Station of the Metro”地铁站一瞥
Appreciation:
1) The most celebrated imagist works
3) The use of one dominant image to represent what he was experiencing
5) The complex is represented “instantaneously,” the transition from the Metro Station to the wet bough somewhere outside liberates us from “space limits”, and the transition from the present faces to the remembered petals breaks down “time limits”
5、Thomas Stearns Eliot托马斯·艾略特1888-1965
曾受法国象征主义文学的影响
The love song of J.Alfred Prufrock《J.阿尔弗雷德·普鲁弗洛克的情歌》, a poem that reveals the spiritual crisis of modern intellectuals. Prufrock and Other Observations 《普鲁弗洛克及其他》;The Waste Land荒原，which catches precisely the state of
culture and society after world war one and graphically illustrates the spiritual poverty of the West of the time.被认为是英美现代诗歌的里程碑on the theme of the sterility and chaos of the contemporary world. Four Quarters《四首四重奏》使他获得了诺贝尔文学奖并确立了当时在世的最伟大英语诗人和作家的地位。
“The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”
? a typical example of modernism.
?The poem is noted for its irony, and the allusions to classical literature.
?He used the technique of the stream of consciousness.
?“The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrok” is Eliot’s most striking early achievement. It
presents the meditation of a young man over the business of proposing marriage. The poem is in a form of dramatic monologue, suggesting an ironic contrast between a pretended “love song” and a confession of the speaker’s incapability of facing up to love and the life in a sterile upper-class world.
?Prufrok, the protagonist of the poem, is neurotic, self-important, illogical and incapable of
action. He is a kind of tragic figure caught in a sense of defeated idealism and tortured by unsatisfied desire.
Lost Generation
6、Ernest Hemingway欧内斯特·海明威1899-1961
dramatized in his novels the sense of loss and despair among the post-war generation who are physically and psychologically scarred. Spokesman for The lost generation –the young who had been disillusioned and cast adrift by the murderous blunders of those who had plunged the world into war. The Lost Generation refers to, in general, the post-WWI generation, but specifically a group of expatriate disillusioned intellectuals and artists, who experimented on new modes of thought and expression by rebelling against former ideals and values and replacing them only by despair or a cynical hedonism(享乐主义).
《老人与海》The Sun Also Rises太阳照样升起; a Farewell to Arms永别了，武器; To Have and Have Not贫与富For Whom the Bell Tolls丧钟为谁而鸣
In Our Time在我们的年代里;; Men Without Women没有女人的男人;The Winners Take Notheing胜者无所获;
Analyze the artistic features of Earnest Hemingway’s nove ls. "硬汉"形象、"重压下的风度"、"冰山"原则
Hemingway style:
?simplicity and economy of expression;
?short, uncomplicated sentences;
?colloquial style
?ice-berg analogy
Hemingway theme:
?“grace under pressure”
?Hemingway hero: wounded but strong, enjoying the pleasures of life in the face of disasters and death; “despairing courage”; “Man is not born to be defeated.”
7、Francis Scott Fitzgerald弗朗西斯·菲茨杰拉德
Why is Fitzgerald regarded as spokesman of the “Jazz Age”?
Fitzgerald was a representative figure of the 1920s. He never failed to rem ain detached and foresee the tragedy of the “Dollar Decade”. His works mirror the exciting age in almost every way and his fictional world is the best emb odiment of the spirit of the Jazz Age.
Through the glittering world of his fiction run the themes of moral waste and decay and necessity of personal responsibility. The Great Gatsby, a book about the Jazz Age, is a case study in people’s pursuit of an elusive American Dre am. It is also a powerful criticism of American society. Thus he is often accla imed literary spokesman of the Jazz Age.
评论家都批评他生活腐化、自暴自弃，所以短寿，浪费了自己的才华
The Side of Paradise人间天堂;The Beautiful and the Damned《漂亮冤家》;The Great Gatsby了不起的盖茨比,此书堪称美国社会缩影的经典代表，描述1920年代美国人在歌舞升平中空虚、享乐、矛盾的精神与思想;Tender in the Night夜色温柔;The Last Tycoon 最后的巨头,这三部书amplify the melancholy he discovered beneath the glitter of American-style success.
短篇小说：Flappers and Philosophers姑娘们和哲学家们;Tales of the Jazz爵士时代的故事;Taps at Reveille早晨的起床号The Crack-up崩溃（自传体文集）all the sad young men悲伤的年轻人
Realism
8、John Cheever约翰·契弗1912-1982 美国的契科夫
His short stories appeared in the New Yorker. Built around a strong moral core and tinged with melancholy nostalgia for the past, these stories form a running commentary on the tensions, manners, and crippled aspirations of urban and suburban life.短篇小说集：The Enormous Radio and Other Stories巨型收音机和其他;The Housebreaker of Shaddy Hill and Other Stories绿茵山窃贼和其他; The Brigadier and the Golf Widow陆军准将和高尔夫迷寡妇;The World of Apples苹果世界；The Stories of John Cheever契弗短篇小说选
长篇小说：The Wapshot Chronicle/Scandal瓦普肖特纪事/丑闻;Bullet Park布利特公园;Falconer鹰猎者the swimmer
9、John Updike厄普代克1932-
长篇小说：The Poorhouse Fair养老院义卖会;
兔子四部曲Rabbit, Run兔子，快跑;Rabbit Redux兔子归来;Rabbit Is Rich兔字发财; rabbit at rest 兔子休息
贝克三部曲Bech: a book, museums and women and other stories
Couples夫妇; Gertrude and Claudius 葛楚德与克劳狄斯
短篇小说集：Pigeon Feather and Other Stories鸽羽及其他故事;The Music School 音乐学校;Problems and Other Stories问题及其他故事A&P
Beat Generation
10、Jack Kerouac杰克·凯鲁亚克1922-1966（"垮掉的一代"奠基者）
Beat movement is a Bohemian rebellion against established society which came to prominence about 1956 and had its centers in San Francisco and New York City. The term “Beat Generation” was first adopted by Jack Kerouac. In essence, “Beat”represents a nonconformist, rebellious spirit toward conventional value concerning sex, religion, education, politics, and the American way of life in general. Features: 1. the Beats were fed up with the official explanation of why things happened. 2. the Beats rejected middle class values, commercialism and conformity.
3.the Beats withdraw from politics and from the obligations of citizenship.
4. the Beats rejected the universities and the academic tradition.
5. the Beats evolved a free, non-materialistic religion with no formal church.
The representatives of Beat Generation: Jack Kerouac, The Town and the City镇和城; On the Road在路上; Allen Ginsberg(spokesman Howl嚎叫) William Burroughs (naked lunch)
11 、Gary Snyder加里·斯奈德1930- ecology poet，美国的寒山，佛教徒Riprap大卵石Piute Creek皮尤特河; Meeting the Mountain进山; Myths Texts神话与文本;Turtle Island龟岛;Left Out in the Rain：New Poems 1974-1985留在雨
中:1974-1985新诗集Mountains and Rivers Without End Plus One山水无尽
Women writer
12、Katherine Anne Porter凯瑟琳·安·波特1890-1980
Flowering Judas开花的犹大树，背叛的象征;Pale Horse, Pale Rider灰色骑士灰色马;Leaning Tower and Other Stories斜塔Ship of Fools愚人船（唯一的一部长篇小说）theft
13、Alice Walker沃克1944-
长篇小说：The Third Life of Grange Copeland格兰治科普兰的第三次生
活;Meridian梅丽迪安;The Color Purple紫色，普利策文学奖
短篇小说集：In Love and Trouble: stories of black women相爱与苦恼;You Can\'t Keep a Good Woman Down好女人永不屈服
散文集：In Search of Our Mothers\' Gardens：Womanist prose. Everyday use
Jewish literature
14、Isaac Bashevis Singer艾萨克·辛格1904-1991 用意第绪语言写作
Jewish Daily Forward 犹太前进报
Gimpel the Fool傻瓜吉姆佩尔;The Family Moskat莫斯卡特家族; The Slave奴隶;The Manor庄园;The Estate产业;Enemies: A Love Story仇敌们，一个爱情故事;Shosha舒莎
15、Saul Bellow索尔·贝娄1915-
长篇小说：Dangling Man晃来晃去/挂起来的人;The Victim受害者;The Adventure of Augie March奥基·马奇历险记;Henderson the Rain King雨王汉德逊;Herzog赫索格; Mr Sammler's Planet塞姆勒先生的行星;Humboldt's Gift洪堡的礼物(诺贝尔文学奖) Mosby’ Memoir
Black literature
16、James Langston Hughes詹姆斯·兰斯顿·休斯discovered by Vachel Linsay
As the leader of the Harlem writers, who created the Black Literature Renaissance of the 1920ss, Hughes was known as the “Poet Laureate of Harlem黑人住宅区” and “O. Henry of Harlem”
The negro speaks of rovers 黑人谈河;The Weary Blues疲倦的歌声;
17、Ralph Ellison拉尔夫·埃利林1914-
长篇小说：Invisible Man隐形人散文集：Shadow and Act影子与行动，explore the problem of identity within the context of Black culture;
18、Toni Morrison托尼·莫里森首位获诺奖的黑人女性，黑人文学最高点
The Bluest Eye最蓝的眼睛;Sula苏拉;Song of Solomon所罗门之歌,expose the evils of racial discrimination and the corruption of human nature among the Black and the black people’s pride and dignity in the search of freedom and happiness ;Tar Boy柏
油娃娃;Beloved; Jazz爵士乐playing in the Dark
Southern literature:
19、William Faulkner威廉·福克纳1897-1962 portraying the decadence and evil in the Southern society in a Gothic manner.
the decline of the Southern society but also the spiritual wasteland of the whole American society. He condemned the mechanized, industrialized society that has dehumanized man by forcing him to cultivate false values and decrease those essential human values such as courage, fortitude, honesty and goodness.
福克纳小说的艺术特色："意识流"、"内心独白"、"时序颠倒"、"对位式结构"、"象征隐喻"小说：The Sound and the Fury愤怒与喧嚣;As I lay dying当我垂死的时候;Light in August八月之光;Absalom, Absalom押沙龙，押沙龙（家世小说）
短篇小说：These thirteen; go down, Moses
The work which won Faulkner a Nobel Prize in 1950 is often a depiction of life in his fictional Yoknapatawpha County, an imaginative reconstruction of the area adjacent
to Oxford.
the writing style of William Faulkner.1) The most characteristic way of structuring his stories is to fragment the chronological time. He deliberately broke up the chronology of his narrative by juxtaposing the past with the present, in the way the montage does in a movie.2) The modern stream-of-consciousness technique was frequently and skillfully exploited by Faulkner to emphasize the reactions and inner musings of the narrator3) Moreover, Faulkner was good at presenting multiple points of view4) The other narrative techniques Faulkner used to construct his stories include symbolism and mythological and biblical allusion.
美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案洁(部分) Unit 1 Benjamin Franklin Questions 1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography? Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it 2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed? His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother. 3.How did he arrive in Philadephia? First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington on foot, in Burlington he found a boat which was going towards Philadelphia, he arrived there about eight
2018年自学考试《美国文学选读》试题 Multiple choice; 1._________ works are marked by a preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of original sin and the mystery of evil. A.Emerson’s B. Hawthorne’s C. Thoreau’s D. Allan Poe’s 2. Irving’s “Rip Van Winkle”got ideas from _______ legends. A.B ritish B. German C. Italian D. French 3. “Rip Van Winkle”reveals the theme of ______ the past. A. nostalgia for B. rejectionn to C. detachment from D. dislike for 4. In Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter , “A”may stand for ____________. A. Angel B. Adultery C. Able D.all the above 4. According to Hawthorne, the scarlet letter “A”which originally stood for “____”finally obtained the meaning of “able”or “angel”through Hester’s efforts. A. adultery B. arrogance C. accomplishment D. agony 5. Which one is not the characteristics of the puritan style? A. Fresh B. Simple C. Grand D. Direct 6. In his ______, Benjamin Franklin creates the image of a boy’s rise from rags to riches and demonstrates his belief that the new world America was a land of opportunities which might be met through hard work and wise management.
1、The Colonial Period（1607-1765） American Puritanism ( in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th) 北美第一位女诗人Anne Bradstreet(宗教气息，夫妻恩爱) Edward Taylor 都受英国玄学派影响（metaphysical） 2、The Enlightenment and Revolution Period Benjamin Franklin:Poor Richard's Almanac The Autobiography---“美国梦”的根源 3、American Romanticism（end of 18th to the civil war） American writers emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature. 早期浪漫主义Washington Irving father of American Literature
仅作参考，最主要还是要自己消化，整理 Chapter 1 Colonial Period 1. Puritanism: American puritans accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God. 2. Influence (1) A group of good qualities – hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety (serious and thoughtful) influenced American literature. (2) It led to the everlasting myth. All literature is based on a myth – garden of Eden. (3) Symbolism: the American puritan’s metaphorical mode of perception was chi efly instrumental in calling into being a literary symbolism which is distinctly American. (4) With regard to their writing, the style is fresh, simple and direct; the rhetoric is plain and honest, not without a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the Bible. II. Overview of the literature 1. types of writing diaries, histories, journals, letters, travel books, autobiographies/biographies, sermons 2. writers of colonial period (1) Anne Bradstreet (2) Edward Taylor III. Benjamin Franklin 1. life 2. works (1) Poor Richard’s Almanac (2) Autobiography 3. contribution (1) He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital and the American Philosophical Society. (2) He was called “the new Prometheus who had stolen fire (electricity in this case) from heaven”. (3) Everything seems to meet in this one man –“Jack of all trades”. Herman Melville thus described him “master of each and mastered by none”. Chapter 2 American Romanticism Section 1 Early Romantic Period I. American Romanticism 1. Background (1) Political background and economic development (2) Romantic movement in European countries Derivative – foreign influence 2. features (1) American romanticism was in essence the expression of “a real new experience and contained “an alien quality” for the simple reason that “the spirit of the place” was radically new and alien. (2) There is American Puritanism as a cultural heritage to consider. American romantic authors tended more to moralize. Many American romantic writings intended to edify more than they entertained. (3) The “newness” of Americans as a nation is in connection with Am erican Romanticism. (4) As a logical result of the foreign and native factors at work, American romanticism was both imitative and independent. II. Washington Irving: Father of American Literature 1. several names attached to Irving (1) first American writer (2) the messenger sent from the new world to the old world (3) father of American literature 2. life 3. works (1) A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty (2) The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. (He won a measure of international recognition with the publication of this.) (3) The History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus (4) A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada (5) The Alhambra 4. Literary career: two parts (1) 1809~1832
美国文学史及作品选读模拟试题一 ) '×15=15I.Multiple Choice (1'______was the first colony in American history. C1. D.Georgia C. Virginia A. Massachusetts B. New Jersey War. the before Revolutionary only good American author 2. _B_____ was the
One “His shadow lies heavier than any other man's on of his fellow Americans said, this young nation.”D.Thomas Paine B. Benjamin Franklin C. Thomas Jefferson A. John Smith 3. Romantics put emphasis on the following EXCEPT __A____. D. individualism C. intuition B. imagination A. common sense The Raven was written in 1844 by __B______ 4. B. Edgar Allan Poe A. Philip Freneau D. Emily Dickinson C. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 5. The ship __C____ carried about one hundred Pilgrims and took 66 days to beat its way across the Atlantic. In December of 1620, it put the Pilgrims ashore at Plymouth, Massachusetts. D. Titanic C. Mayflower B. Armada A. Sunflower D____ is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in 6. Melville's novel __ pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale. Moby Dick D. C. White Jacket A. Typee B. Omoo 7. As a philosophical and literary movement, __D____ flourished in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War. D.Transcendentalism C.Sentimentalism B.Rationalism A.Modernism 8. The theme of original sin is fully reflected in ___A______. B. Sister Carrie A. The Scarlet Letter The Old Man and Sea D. C. The Great Gatsby 9. In all his novels Theodore Dreiser sets himself to project the ___B___ American values. For example, in Sister Carrie, there is not one character whose status is not determined economically. 页1 第 A. Puritan B. materialistic C. psychological D. religious 10. Realism was a reaction against____B__ or a move away from the bias towards
《英语文学文化及影视赏析》课程教学大纲 一、课程说明 1、课程名称（中英文）：英语文学文化及影视赏析/English Literature and Culture & Appreciation of English movies 2、学时学分：75学时理论教学，2学分 3、适用专业：非英语专业研究生 4、开课学院：外国语学院 5、课程负责人：姜萌萌 二、课程描述： 本课程拟对英语经典文学与相关文化概况进行简要介绍，并遴选英美国家的经典作家和作品，对其文学特色、文化背景进行分析。课程重视文学作品与时代背景、西方历史文化的联系，在教学中将理论与实践相结合，做到寓教于乐。在课内，不仅有作家作品、相关文化背景和信息的介绍、经典作品片段的解读，并通过课堂讨论以及影视作品的欣赏帮助学生最直观地理解西方文化与文学作品的文本意义。在课外，学生需要查阅相关资料，完成相关问题的回答与读书报告，以一种轻松愉悦并且多方面切入的方式学习、了解和体验英语文学文化。该课程目的在于通过英语文学文化的学习，提高学生对英语语言的掌握能力、增强对英语文学经典的理解力和对西方文化的审美能力，进一步养成对英语的敏感性，培养人文素质和文学涵养。 三、教材： 王守仁主编，《英国文学选读》，北京：高等教育出版社。 陶洁主编，《美国文学选读》，北京：高等教育出版社。 秦秀白，《英美国家概况》，北京：高等教育出版社。 王佐良，《欧洲文化入门》，北京：外语教学与研究出版社。 自编讲义 四、教学方式： 理论与实践相结合。 五、考核方式： 提交一篇与所学课程相关的课程论文，用英语完成。 总成绩=期末考试成绩70%+平时成绩30%（考勤占10%）
i.T h e C o l o n i a l P e r i o d 1.关键词: America Puritanism 2.Calvinism特点: total depravity, Unconditional election, Limited atonement, Irresistible grace, Perseverance of the saints 3.Anne Bradstreet( P17 ): a Puritan poet be known as “The Muse” 4.Thomas Paine: one of continual, unswerving fight for the rights of man. 5.works: “Common Sense”“American Crisis”“The Rights of Man”“The Age of Reason”理性时代 6.Phillip Freneau(P22): 美国文学史上的重要人物 7.dawning nationalism 代表人物 Poems: The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花 first modern American & the last medieval man 8.Jonathan Edwards( Calvinism ) 9. a critical role in shaping the First Great Awakening 10.works: “The Freedom of the Will”《自由意志论》“The Great Doctrine of Original Sin Defended”《伟哉原罪论辩》“The Nature of True Virtue” “American Dream”“Self-made” 11.Benjamin Franklin(puritanism) 12.“Poor Richard’s Almance”“autobiography”新文学形式 13.“18th century enlightenment” ii.Romanticism 1.Washington Irving（1783-1859） 2.①titles: “the father of American literature” 3.“the American Goldsmith” 4.②works: The Sketch Book (marked the beginning of American Romanticism and the beginning of short stories as a genre in American literature) 5.Rip Van Winkle (P47—P48) The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 6.James Fenimore Cooper（1789-1851） 7.①One of the first writer to write American Westward movement 8.②“The Leatherstocking Tales” (novel) 9.first is “The Pioneers” 10.---Plot: ---theme conflict between Natty Bumppo and Judge Temple- ---character: Natty Bumppo---innocent, simple, honest and generous, for freedom, against civilization, wilderness is good Judge Temple---just, reasonable, for civilization and law ③Writing style: intriguing plot majestic landscape descriptions rich imagination
《美国文学选读》课程标准 一、课程性质与任务 美国文学选读是英语专业高年级的选修课。它与英美文学史密切结合，使学生在接触到浩繁的文学作品的同时，可以对繁杂的文学现象加以整理和梳理，并形成自己阅读文学作品的习惯，开阔视野，在学习过程中把握正确的理解文学作品的方法。美国文学选读通过向学生介绍文学作品及其作品创作的历史文化背景，培养学生阅读文学作品的兴趣，增强语感，增进学生对美国社会、历史、文化以及生活习俗的了解，提高他们对西方文学的欣赏能力及批评能力。 二、课程教学目标 1．知识目标 1）文学知识：通过本课程的学习，学生应深入、直观地理解各个时期的美国文学作品，把握其思想、语言及创作技巧上的特点；另外，还应对美国的文学评论流变具备相对清晰的认识。 2）语言知识：本课程是通过介绍不同文体的文学作品，深化学生对英语语言的认知、理解和应用的能力。并通过对不同时期英语原文资料的阅读和解析，以一种更加直观的方式了解这门语言的发展。 2．能力目标 1）文学作品鉴赏能力：通过作者作品的讲解，学生可以对作品的社会历史价值和艺术价值进行评价，培养并提高自我的鉴赏能力； 2）语言表达能力：通过课堂和课下阅读及评价任务的完成，学生的口头和书面表达能力能够得到全面的提高； 3）思辩能力：课上小组讨论环节和presentation环节能够激发学生的思辩能力，助其开拓思路，同时也为以后对英语的有效使用打下基础。 3．素质目标 1）文学文化修养：本课程作为英语专业高年级学生的素养课，旨在培养学生对美国文学及文化的理解，可以使学生以直观的方式全面接触这种语言和文化，并形成独立的开放的文化观，进一步强化其跨文化意识； 2）基本的研究素质：本课程通过对文学评论的介绍和讲解向学生传授文学鉴赏的不同视角，可使其具备基本的文学研究素质； 3）文学翻译的基础：本课程通过对文学作品的细读向学生介绍文字背后的人文、历史、政治、哲学及美学等因素，可为文学翻译课程提供较好的材料，并做好前期准备。 三、课程基本信息和内容要求
1.Captain John Smith became the first American writer. 2.The puritans looked upon themselves as a chosen people. is an annual collection of proverbs written by Benjamin Franklin. 4.Thomas Paine’s famous pamphlet Common Sense boldly advocated a “Declaration for Independence”. 5.Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence with John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston.
has been called the “Father of American Poetry”. 7.In Washington I rving’s appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature. 8.Cooper’s enduring fame rests on his William Cullen Bryant’s wok. is considered “father of American detective stories and American gothic stories”. 10.Emerson believed above all in
American Puritanism: Puritanism was a religious reform movement that arose within the Church of England in the late sixteenth century. Under siege from church and crown, it sent an offshoot in the third and forth decades of the seventeenth century to the northern English colonies in the New World--- a migration that laid the foundation for the religious, intellectual, and social order of New England, Puritanism, however,was not only a historically specific phenomenon coincident with the founding of New England; it was also a way of being in the world---a style of response to lived experience---that has reverberated through American life ever since. Doctrinally, Puritans adhered to the Five Points of Calvinism as codified at the Synod of Dort in 1619:(1) unconditional election ( the idea that God had decreed who was damned and who was saved from before the beginning of the world); (2) limited atonement ( the idea that Christ died for the elect only); (3) total depravity (humanity's utter corruption since the Fall); (4) irresistible grace (regeneration as entirely a work of God, which cannot be resisted and to which the sinner contributes nothing); and (5) the perseverance of the saints (the elect, despite their backsliding and faintness of heart , cannot fall away from grace). American Dream: The American Dream is the faith held by many in the United States of America that through hard work, courage, and determination one can achieve a better life for oneself, usually through financial prosperity. These were values held by many early European settlers, and have been passed on to subsequent generations. Nowadays the American Dream has led to an emphasis on material wealth as a measure of success and\ or happiness. Gothic tradition: Gothic novel or Gothic romance is a story of terror and suspense, usually set in a gloomy old castle or monastery. In an extended sense, many novels that do not have a medievalized setting, but which share a comparably sinister, grotesque, or chaustrophobic atmosphere have been classed as Gothic. It contributed to the new emotional climate of Romanticism. Historical novel: a novel in which the action takes place during a specific historical period well before the time of writing ( often one or two generations before, sometimes several centuries), and in which some attempt is made to depict accurately the customs and mentality of the period. The central character---real or imagined---is usually subject to divided loyalties within a larger historic conflict of which readers know the outcome. The pioneers of this genre were Walter Scott and James Fenimore Cooper American Romanticism:Romanticism refers to an artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe in the late 18th century and characterized by a heightened interest in nature, emphasis on the individual's expression of emotion and imagination, departure from the attitudes and forms of classicism, and rebellion against established social rules and conventions. The romantic period in American literature stretched from the end of the 18th century through the outbreak of the Civil
美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案陶洁(部分) Unit 1 Benjamin Franklin Questions 1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography? Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it 2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed? His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother. 3.How did he arrive in Philadephia? First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington on foot, in Burlington he found a boat which was going towards Philadelphia, he arrived there about eight
2019年宁波大学硕士研究生招生考试复试科目考试大纲 科目名称: 英美文学 一、考试形式与试卷结构 （一）试卷满分及考试时间 本试卷满分为100分，考试时间为180分钟。 （二）答题方式 答题方式为闭卷、笔试。 （三）试卷题型结构 1.作家作品辨识 2．名词解释 2. 简答题 3. 作品赏析与批评 二、考查目标（复习要求） 《英美文学》是一门专业方向课程，涉及英美文学作家作品、文学流派、文学批评方法等内容。要求掌握英美文学史的代表性作家及其作品，了解作家的基本创作思想，对英美文学史的思潮和流派有较好的把握，熟悉关于文学知识的基本概念，能够运用一定的文学批评方法分析文学作品。 三、考试内容概要 英国文学：了解英国文学史各时期的主要作家作品及其创作思想，重点了解文艺复兴时期的戏剧和诗歌、17世纪的英国诗歌、18世纪的小说创作、英国浪漫主义诗歌、19世纪英国现实主义作家作品、20世纪英国现代主义和后现代主义文学等。关注以下重要作家：Geoffrey Chaucer 、William Shakespeare 、Francis Bacon 、John Donne 、Daniel Defoe Jonathan Swift 、William Blake 、Robert Burns、William Wordsworth、Samuel Taylor Coleridge、Jane Austen、George Gordon Byron 、Percy Bysshe Shelley 、John Keats 、Charlotte Bronte 、Charles Dickens 、Alfred Tennyson 、Robert Browning 、Matthew Arnold 、Thomas Hardy Oscar Wilde 、George Bernard Shaw 、Joseph Conrad 、T.S.Eliot 、William Butler Yeats 、Virginia Woolf 、James Joyce, https://www.doczj.com/doc/38238206.html,wrence、 E.M.Forster 、William Golding 、Doris Lessing 、John Fowles 、Dylan Thomas 、Philip Larkin 、Ted