2012年7月21日雅思口语回忆（网友版）回忆1
Part 1:城市的改变;name major food friends; 电脑还有读书
part 2: the happiest person you know; 描述一个死了的但是有趣的老人;重要城市;体育锻炼,什么时候地点,为什么喜欢? 听到什么家庭新闻感到高兴; 有钱了最想买的东西是什么;
Part 3: happiness, 各种关于历史的问题;主要的城市问题;changes in the last
20years!how government do;为什么花钱在这上面?为什么去gym?能不能不花钱锻炼; national beauty P3考了一些和环境相关的问题，问了问是不是环境治理是要在全球范围还是单一国家，谁来付费给环保工作，中国有哪些环境问题;运气和努力哪个更重要，还有相比于在贫穷国家，生活在富裕国家的优点~
回忆2
澳大利亚PERTH 先考的口语，P2 有钱了最想买的东西是什么，P3 运气和努力哪个更重要，还有相比于在贫穷国家，生活在富裕国家的优点~
回忆3
悉尼大学考的，p1 学习or 工作，photography，tv program。p2 national beauty P3考了一些和环境相关的问题，问了问是不是环境治理是要在全球范围还是单一国家，谁来付费给环保工作，中国有哪些环境问题求人品，求人品
回忆4
重庆RM05 曾经遇到的年轻考官!人蛮好的就是吞音!p1name major food friends!p2重要城市p3主要的城市问题!changes in the last 20years!how government do!
回忆5
广州仲凯503口语P1住apartment or house. clothes.relatives p2 礼貌场合p3被polite 和friendly区别
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南宁西大r304，大胡子胖中年男一直很开心，讲话清晰。p1：住公寓还是garden.最喜欢哪间房间，跟亲人关系哪个最亲等，p2 需要礼貌的场合，p3关于礼貌的好多的问题，用什么方式表现礼貌，礼貌和友好等同吗，对比跟陌生人需要礼貌还是跟亲人朋友需要礼貌一些
回忆7
深圳VIP 1 1.40 part1subject relax PART2历史事件，PART3博物馆
回忆8
太原理工，RM6，考官是个光头的中年偏老的男的，眼镜架在鼻子上，叫David，人挺不错的。P2是童年的玩具。P3围绕玩具问了一堆，比如现在孩子玩什么，以前孩子玩什么，现在玩具好，还是以前玩具好，为什么
回忆9
广州仲恺。RM405白人老爷爷。p1家乡，晚上干嘛。p2幸福的人。p3幸福感与贫富的关系。人们感到幸福会做什么。人的什么阶段最幸福
回忆10
南京RM328，topic是a group/team/club you belonged to，个人感觉蛮好讲的，不怎么难，考官也很nice。这个考官很喜欢追问我问题，然后还有问一些更深入的内容。Part1 问的是hometown和helthy food Part3就是关于父母对于孩子参加team重要吗准时性(punctality)重要吗哪一种不准时在中国是可以被允许的。
回忆11
兰州考点的，room10，part1. flower. 剩下的忘了part2family photos. part3. camera technology. digital 和printed photos区别
回忆12
厦门，ROOM 302 — part1关于color、cloth、e-commerce、flat or house;part2：a famous person; part3:中国古代和现代名人的区别，名人身上具有哪些品质，有哪些地方可供普通人学习
回忆13
南昌，part1照片，家乡变化，part2广告，你喜欢的交流方式
回忆14
深圳赛格vip3，p1:学生还是工作，以后要做什么，很多关于亲戚的问题。p2:a group of singer。p3:各种关于音乐的问题，现场听音乐的好处和不好，科技对听音乐的方式有什么改变，几岁学乐器等
回忆15
贵大rm4 part1 major 你认为遵守时间重要吗，与守时相关的一堆问题。part2 重要的城市part3 城市变大带来的一系列问题，应该采取什么措施，住在城里好还是乡下好
回忆16
北京，中年男子，Part1家乡改进，Part2有钱买啥，Part3怎么挣一堆钱，怎么劝别人不浪费钱。
回忆17
广州仲恺304 p1名字怎么来的，学生or工作，专业，将做什么p2a toy u have 编的太好听让他感兴趣追问了句然后衰了p3 difference of toys between nowadays and past,can children learn sth in playing toys,do u think it can develop children's imagination 求r
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北京农大rm5同样光头有点老白人男人先问亲戚跟谁亲和朋友比较花费时间然后问了童年玩具和谁玩第二部分是科学课喜欢什么课老师怎么样什么的跟卡片上有些不同第三部分围绕科学如何获得信息有什么用等等
回忆19
湖大超好的老头子RM19 part1:房子颜色花part2:电视节目
回忆20
杭州。rm308part1work or study，birthday，part2read book，启示什么的。part3围绕阅读和library。
雅思写作十大原则核心词汇 1. 金钱原则（MONEY） 2. 时间原则（TIME） 3. 健康原则（HEALTH） 4. 情感原则（EMOTION） 5. 智力与教育原则（INTELLECT AND EDUCA TION） 6. 心理原则（PSYCHOLOGY） 7. 权利原则（RIGHTS） 8. 环保原则（ENVIRONMENT） 9. 文化与传统原则（CULTURE AND TRADITION） 10. 道德与犯罪原则（MORALITY AND CRIME） 1 金钱原则（MONEY） a tight budget 资金紧张 alleviate vt.减轻，使（痛苦等）易于忍受 bankrupt n .破产者；adj.破产了的 be short of 缺乏 beggar n .乞丐 burden n..担子，压力，负担；v .担负 burn money 浪费钱 charity hospital 慈善医院 consumption n .消费（量） costly adj.昂贵的，贵重的 dear adj.昂贵的 destitute adj.穷困的，缺乏的 economic burden 经济负担 economic difficulty 经济困难 eligible children 适龄儿童 eliminate vt.排除，消除 expend vt.花费，消耗，支出 expenditure n .花费，支出，消耗 expensive adj.花费的，昂贵的 finance vt.资助，供给……经费，负担经费；n .财政，金融financial aid 经济资助 financial strain 资金紧张，以济压力 foreign currency 外汇 go broken 破产 government revenue 政府税收 health care 医疗保健 homeless adj.无家的，无家可归的 hunger n .饥饿 illiteracy n .文盲
阅读核心单词汇总 本部分单词和常规阅读单词手册有很大不同，具体表现在： 1. 收集最核心，最常用的雅思阅读词汇，以动词，形容词和名词为核心。因为一个较长的词往往是由动词加名词后缀变成的，或者形容词变成的副词。根据笔者对考试文章的了解，收集了历届考试中高频出现的基本词汇。本部分不涉及高难词汇。熟练掌握这些词汇是获得6-7分的基石。 2.大多考生在面对单词常常困惑，因为一个单词有诸多解释。我们这里直接采用了文章中所对应的意思，因此为考试省去了很多麻烦，也充分体现了专业性。 3.单词除了核心解释外，紧接着是记忆方法。读者可以通过电影法对单词形成形象理解，也就是单词和意识的直接映射，相当于母语学习。 4.由于是从考试文章中选取的基本词汇，所以越到后面难度越高。笔者在编写时候发现到后面必须掌握的词汇越来越少，因为前面已经提到。这种排序对学习者大有裨益，因为每掌握十页单词，你的词汇就有一个不小的飞跃！ 注：N代表名词V代表动词A代表形容Adv代表副词 单词以文章出现顺序排序，这样比字母排序更有利记忆。 Measure v 测量me-meter字根表示测量。Sure确信的‘通过测量才能相信数值’
Conception n 观念，构想cept拿 Depend on 依靠，由…决定 Evidence n 证据e:out vid看ence名词‘证据让人们看出真相’Advent n 到来‘来冒险（adventure） Empire n 帝国皇帝（emperor）的帝国 Introduce v 引入intro内部duc引领 Calendar n 日历cal(culate)+end ‘通过日历计算最后的日子’。Communal a共有的‘大家（community）共有’。 Rotate v 以轴为中心旋转ro(ll)圈，tt想成陀螺。 Regulate v 管理re反复，gu（an）l(i)（管理） Successive a 连续的连续成功（success） Period n 时期 Axis n 轴The Axis二战中的轴心国 Lunar a月亮的读音像‘路呢’，月光暗，看不清路’。 Solar a太阳的读音像‘馊了’，太阳光强，温度高，把食物搞馊了’。Obit v 围绕n 轨道 Define v 下定义de向下，fin边界‘向下划定边界’ Accompany v陪同ac去company 陪伴 Revolution n 旋转re多次volv 缠卷 Artificial a人工的art 手fic制造 Impact n 影响im相当于in pact约定 Equator n 赤道equ 相等or 名词‘日夜相等长的地方’Conspicuous a 明显的spicu 看‘完全能看出来的’
雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析（2）
Next Year Marks the EU's 50th Anniversary of the Treaty A. After a period of introversion and stunned self-disbelief，continental European governments will recover their enthusiasm for pan-European institution-building in . Whether the European public will welcome a return to what voters in two countries had rejected so short a time before is another matter. B. There are several reasons for Europe’s recovering self-confidence. For years European economies had been lagging dismally behind America (to say nothing of Asia)， but in the large continental economies had one of their best years for a decade， briefly outstripping America in terms of growth. Since politics often reacts to economic change with a lag，’s improvement in economic growth will have its impact in ， though the recovery may be ebbing by then. C. The coming year also marks a particular point in a political cycle so regular that it almost seems to amount to a natural law. Every four or five years， European countries take a large stride towards further integration by signing a new treaty： the Maastricht treaty in 1992， the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997， the Treaty of Nice in . And in they were supposed to ratify a European constitution， laying the ground for yet more integration—until the calm rhythm was rudely shattered by French and Dutch voters. But the political impetus to sign something every four or five years has only been interrupted，not immobilised， by this setback. D. In the European Union marks the 50th anniversary of another treaty—the Treaty of Rome， its founding charter. Government leaders have already agreed to celebrate it ceremoniously， restating their commitment to “ever closer union” and the basic ideals of European unity. By itself， and in normal circumstances， the EU’s 50th-birthday greeting to itself would be fairly meaningless， a routine expression of European good fellowship. But it does not take a Machiavelli to spot that once governments have signed the declaration (and it seems unlikely anyone would be so uncollegiate as to veto
2013.01.05 A 类 Some people spend more time reading books, while others prefer to watch TV. The former group are more likely to develop creative imaginations and have a much better grasp of language skills. Do you agree or disagree? Reading books and watching TV are two main channels to cultivate imagination and develop language skills during people?s whole lives. Nowadays, a controversial issue about whether individuals reading books for enjoyment are more capable of practicing their vision and taking a command of languages has been into fierce discussion. In my opinion, reading can better people?s imagination and language abilities. To begin with, from books, readers are able to grasp the author?s concepts and ideas, This can be illustrated by Harry Porte which plays a pivotal role in capturing readers? imagination. Another merit of reading is that people can hone their language abilities, especially in expanding vocabulary and improving writing skills. For instance,********The master piece reflects the au thor?s Admittedly,watching television programs helps to practice viewers? imagination as well as speaking and listening capabilities, which can be illustrated by the authenticity and the vividness of such TV shows, intensifying people?s appreciation abi lities and encouraging the audience?s imitation. Accordingly, individuals? vision can be inspired and their spoken language can be furthered. However, TV programs, mostly TV episodes, are mainly originated from books and tend to just represent the ideas of the directors. Consequently, watching such shows may stifle televiewers? creativity and imagination. To sum up, although watching TV may have certain positive impacts on viewers? imagination and language skills, reading books are able to develop individua ls? such capacities better, I believe, due to the diversity and detailedness of books. The point is that people are supposed
abortion absolutely accord agriculture aid alarm architecture artistic aspect automobile avenue bacon balloon band base basic bathroom battle beginning behavior beyond bite blame blind button cabinet cancel cancel career century character claim colony comment contain conversation crowd curious curtain damage dangerous date deal
defeat degree describe detect difference disease dislike distant dust Easter echo effect election empty encourage equipment erect exact exceed extend factor fail favorite fear fire flat flu focus fountain frost fully function funeral gain gender glory goal grammar guide habit hardworking heavily hit
host housekeeping humorous ideal ignore image import impress income index involve iron jewellery joint knee laboratory lane laser legal liberal likewise living loan loyal luxury magician majority manner margin marsh master mean meaning miracle mount mud nail nature neck normal nut obey obtain
雅思核心词汇和短语2000 讲义中前面近200个单词和短语是7分以上学员必须要掌握的，非常高效和实用，同学们一定要记住它们，后面还编写了听说高频600多单词共计800多个单词，还有近900个各类短语.这样近2000笔财富会让同学们绝对不会输在词汇这个层面，你的高分会有保证。每个单词，大家一定要造句子，编写出自己的语境来，这样单词会有根基的，还要活学活用，彻底私有化，变成自己的东西，这样所学单词会真正达到“化”的地步，大家想这样一件事情，如果有人问你“mobile 这个单词，你会很快反应，但是如果换成sophisticated ,contaminate, deteriorate,这些单词就不行了，我个人认为就是不熟悉，经常使用熟悉了就好了，我想大家没有问题的。 Challenge yourself! Become successful! 挑战自己，追求卓越 You can fly higher than ever! , I do believe！我深信，你会飞得更高 1.low carbon 低碳 2.environmental—friendly 环保的 3.eco-system生态系统 4.environmental protection 环境保护 5.sustainable development 可持续发展 6.deplete natural resources 耗尽自然资源 7.leave a carbon footprint 留下一个碳化足迹 8.discharge /release pollutants into the environment 排放污染物 9.green house effect 温室效应 10.global warming 全球变暖 11.toxic 有毒的 12.contaminate 污染 13.degrade 恶化，降级 14.deteriorate 变坏，变糟 15.deficiency 缺乏，不足 16.flight climate change抵制气候变化 17.improve air quality 改善空气质量 18.conserve energy 节约能源
2019年雅思IELTS考试备考资料模拟试题及答案14 The nervous system of vertebrates is characterized by a hollow, dorsal nerve cord that ends in the head region as an enlargement, the brain. Even in its most primitive form this cord and its attached nerves are the result of evolutionary specialization, and their further evolution from lower to higher vertebrate classes is a process that is far from fully understood. Nevertheless, the basic arrangements are similar in all vertebrates, and the study of lower animals gives insight into the form and structure of the nervous system of higher animals. Moreover, for any species, the study of the embryological development of the nervous system is indispensable for an understanding of adult morphology. In any vertebrate two chief parts of the nervous system may be distinguished. These are the central nervous system (the nerve cord mentions above), consisting of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, consisting of the cranial, spinal, and peripheral nerves, together with their motor and sensory endings. The term "autonomic nervous system" refers to the parts of the central and peripheral systems that supply and regulate the activity of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and many glands. The nervous system is composed of many millions of nerve and glial cells, together with blood vessels and a small amount of connective tissue. The nerve cells, or "neurons", are characterized by many processes and are specialized in that they exhibit to a great degree the phenomena of irritability and conductivity. The glial cells of the central nervous system are supporting cells collectively termed
（七分范文）Some people believe that studying at university or college is the best route to a successful career， while others believe that it is better to get a job straight after school. Discuss both views and give your opinion. When they finish school， teenagers face the dilemma that whether to get a job or continue their education. While there are some benefits to getting a job straight after school， I would argue that it is better to go to college or university. The option to start work straight after school is attractive for several reasons. Many young people want to start earning money as soon as possible. In this way， they can become independent， and they will be able to afford their own house or start a family. In terms of their career，young people who decide to find work， rather than continue their studies， may progress more quickly. They will have the chance to gain real experience and learn practical skills related to their chosen profession. This may lead to promotions and a successful career.
雅思托福基本核心词汇列表
Airport International Arrival Departure Domestic Expand domestic demand Transfer Connection Non-stop flight Terminal Terminate Terminator Interview Er ee Reserve Book In advance Ahead Ticket fare Fee Single ticket One-way Return First class Economic class Economy Business class Luggage Baggage Carry-on Hand Registered Checked Check in Boarding pass Passport Duty-free shop Tax On board service Blanket In-flight entertainment Lavatory Toilet Washing Rest room Occupied Occupy Occupation Landing card Place of issue Custom(s) Sponsor Health certificate Declare Declaration Baggage claim Shuttle bus Accommodation Dorm dormitory House renting Homestay Landlord Landlady Owner Agency Location Urban Suburban City centre Downtown Suburbs Countryside Village Living quarters Address Road Street Avenue Lane Postcode Contract Contact Flat apartment House En-suite Structure Single bedroom Double
面对浩如烟海的雅思词汇是不是顿感脑袋大？不要着急同学，谐音记单词效果最快，如果你就知道pest害虫（拍死它），那你out了！全谐音单词记忆app千词千寻帮助你，加屹智行刘老师微信详细指导：一五二一零八零九五五二 A abstain 戒，避开 acknowledge 承认 acquire 取得，学到 acrylic 丙烯酸的 adapt 使适应 addict 使沉溺 adept 熟练的，内行的 adopt 采用；收养 aboriginal 土著的; 土著居民 abound 丰富 abrupt 突然的，陡峭的 abstract 抽象的，难解的 abuse 滥用，辱骂 accommodation 招待设备 accordingly 照着办；响应地 accounting 会计学 acid 酸的 aeronautic 航空的 aerosol 烟，雾；烟雾剂 affect 影响；感动 affiliate 接纳...为会员（或分支） agency 力量；代理 agitate 鼓动；搅动；焦虑 alchemy 炼金术 alkali 碱 allergy 变（态反）应性；反感 allocate 分配，把。划归 allot 分配；拨给 almond 杏仁 alpine 高山的 alternate 交替的；轮流的 alternative 两者挑一的；选择的 aluminium 铝 amateur 业余活动者 ambiguous 模棱两可的 amenity 舒服，愉快 ammonia 氨 amorphous 无定形的；难以名状的analysis 分析；解析anatomy 解剖；分解anecdote 轶事 annoy 使烦恼; 打扰 annual 每年的, 年度的anthropology 人类学anticlockwise 逆时针方向的anxious 忧虑的, 担心的 ape 类人猿; 模仿者 aphid 蚜虫 apparel 衣服;外表 appeal 呼吁; 求助于 appear 出现, 来到 appetite 食欲, 胃口applicant 申请人appropriate 适当的approximate 近似的,大约的arable 可耕的 arboreal 树木的; 树状的arduous 艰巨的; 努力的ascertain 查明, 确定 aspect 样子; (问题等的)方面aspiration 志气; 渴望assemble 集合; 装备 assert 断言;维护 assess 对…进行评估assignment 分配；指定assist 援助；搀扶association 联合；联盟；联想assume 假定；承担 asterisk 星号 asthmatic 气喘的asymmetry 不对称（现象）attain 达到; 完成; 获得attract 吸引 audio-visual 听觉视觉的aural 气味的; 香味的authority 权力; 职权available 可用的; 通用的averse 反对的 aviation 航空; 航空学 B baffle 使挫折; 使困惑 balk 阻碍; 挫折
Section I Words A.Match the words with the same meaning.W rite down the letters on you answer sheet. (1(1’’*6) 1.epidermic 2.motivate 3.assume 4.appealing 5.controversy 6expertise A.skill or knowledge in a particular area B.dispute,argument C.attractive D.an outbreak of a contagious disease that spreads rapidly and widely E.to provide with an incentive;impel . F.to take for granted,suppose B.Fill in the blanks with proper forms of words given in the box,one word can be used more than once.(1(1’’*10) evolve prepare propose minimum peer through cheat weep address exploit except 1.Not surprisingly,his was not well received,even though it seemed to agree with the scientific information available at the time.. 2.The little girl with disappointment when she learned that her favourite Barbie Dolls were sold out. 3.The price is her,she refuses to lower it any further. 4.Apes,monkeys and many other primates have fairly elaborate systems of calls for communicating with other members of their species. 5.Some melodies are quite manipulative,working on our emotions very effectively,and composers have often this to the full. 6.I realized I’d been when I saw the painting on sale for half the price I paid for it. 7.To this problem,Counter Intelligence built a kitchen of its own and started making gagets to fill it with. 8.Most birds don’t have a good sense of smell,but fish-eaters such as petrels and shearwaters are significant. 9.Why bother a clear door,when you can put a camera in the oven to broadcast snapshots of the activities in the oven to a screen in another room? 10.Exploration will allow us to make suitable for dealing with any dangers that we might face,and we may be able to find physical resources such as minerals. SectionⅡ.Translation A.Translate the following sentences into English.(3(3’’*5) 1.Despite the hardship he encountered,Mark never (放弃对知识的追求) 2.由于缺乏对这种病的了解，许多人依然认为HIV受害者都是自作自受。(owing to; ignorance)
2012年雅思写作范文欣赏04 With the pacing the world, globalization is no longer a myth. Nowadays, it is growing at a terrific speed. Each country has combined to be a global village. Languages and cultures are penetrating each other and we are losing a variety of them. There are several reasons for this phenomenon. The first reason can be seen is that the great flow of migration. Globalization has helped open the world’s borders, permitting more and more people in small countries to immigrate to other big countries. As the need of working and living, they have to mix new culture with their own culture and use the new language more often. Gradually, they lose their own custom. The development of technology and economy, however, is the most important factor. The high-tech products in developed countries possess a leading position in the international market due to the globalization. Almost all the people in the world are
雅思高频词汇完整版 copy 复印 clock 钟 letter 信，字母ticket 票transportation 交通goals 目标 energy 能量experience 经验January1月 Second第二America美国 Britain英国 London伦敦England英格兰Scotland苏格兰Queensland昆士兰Sydney悉尼Adelaide阿德莱德Melbourne墨尔本Perth珀斯组讨论 fire 火灾，解雇college 学院 teams 小组membership 会员资格difficulties 困难beach 海滩underground 地下spending 花费 site 位置 recreation 娱乐property 财产 learn 学习computers 电脑 plant 植物 table 桌子 support 支持 choice 选择 glass 玻璃 survey 调查passport 护照 range 范围service 服务 exams 考试 failure 失败 demonstration 示威 festival 节日 Belfast贝尔法斯特 Ireland 爱尔兰 Dublin都柏林 Australia澳大利亚 narrator 叙述者 costs 成本 background 背景 kindergarten Avenue 大街 senior 高级的，大四学生 deposit 押金 extra 额外的 tape 磁带 title 标题 culture dark 黑暗的 regular 规律的幼儿园 project 项目 December12月 November11月 beginning 开始 purpose 目的 interest 兴趣 decoration 装修，装饰 migration 迁徙，移民 party 晚会 relationship 关系 environmental 环境的 disease 疾病 Monday周一 Wednesday周三 century 世纪 equipment 设备 methods 方法 location 地理位置 transport 交通 campus 校园 ideas 观点 world 世界 coffee 咖啡 Third第三 Fourth第四 cause 起因 social 社会的 session 课程，时间 female 女性 station 车站 kitchen 厨房 club 俱乐部 American美国人 March3月 February2月 New Zealand新西兰文化 Cambridge 剑桥 media 媒体 Scottish苏格兰人 weekend 周末 traveling 旅游 park 公园 October10月 record 记录，唱片 professor 教授 team 队伍 seat 座位 May5月 August8月 child 儿童 September9月 Tuesday周二 Friday周五 Thursday周四 surname 姓 trousers 裤子 subjects 主题 drinking 饮水 mail 邮件 male男性 safety 安全
雅思口语20场景核心词汇必背 Study (Learning English) Freshman/sophomore/junior/senior 大一/大二/大三/大四Undergraduate/graduate/postgraduate/doctor 本科生/本科毕业生/研究生/博士 Major in 专业是… Promising career prospect 光明的职业前景 It’s beyond me. Over one’s head 听不懂 Curriculum 课程 Extracurricular activities/ after-school activities 课余活动 Lenient 宽松的 tough/demanding 严格的 Club 学校社团 Language barrier 语言障碍 Time-consuming 很耗费时间的 Competitive 有竞争力的 Acquire 教育类加分词，后常接某种技能 Work Well-paid 收入可观的
Work for peanuts 挣钱少 Promotion 升职 Pension 养老金 Paid vacation 带薪假期 Medical benefits 医疗补贴 Colleagues/ co-worker 同事 Boss/ supervisor 老板/上级 Stressful 压力大的 Demanding 要求高的 Hometown Coastal 沿海的 Inland 内陆的 Town- small city- medium-sized city- big city- metropolis(国际大都市) Located…. 位于…. Laid-back 休闲的 Fast-paced 快节奏的 Dynamic and vibrant 有活力的 Peace and quiet 平静，宁静 High-rise buildings/skyscraper 摩天大楼
雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析（4）
Selling Digital Music without Copy-protection Makes Sense A. It was uncharacteristically low-key for the industry’s greatest showman. But the essay published this week by Steve Jobs， the boss of Apple，on his firm’s website under the unassuming title “Thoughts on Music” has nonetheless provoked a vigorous debate about the future of digital music，which Apple dominates with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store. At issue is “digital rights management” (DRM)—the technology guarding downloaded music against theft. Since there is no common standard for DRM， it also has the side-effect that songs purchased for one type of music-player may not work on another. Apple’s DRM system， called FairPlay， is the most widespread. So it came as a surprise when Mr. Jobs called for DRM for digital music to be abolished. B. This is a change of tack for Apple. It has come under fire from European regulators who claim that its refusal to license FairPlay to other firms has “locked in” customers. Since music from the iTunes store cannot be played on non-iPod music-players (at least not without a lot of fiddling)， any iTunes buyer will be deterred from switching to a device made by a rival firm， such as Sony or Microsoft. When French lawmakers drafted a bill last year compelling Apple to open up FairPlay to rivals， the company warned of “state-sponsored piracy”. Only DRM， it implied， could keep the pirates at bay. C. This week Mr. Jobs gave another explanation for his former defence of DRM： the record companies made him do it. They would make their music available to the iTunes store only if Apple agreed to protect it using DRM. They can still withdraw their catalogues if the DRM system is compromised. Apple cannot license FairPlay to others， says Mr Jobs， because it would depend on them to produce security fixes promptly. All DRM does is restrict consumer choice and provide a barrier to entry， says Mr Jobs； without it there would be far more stores and players， and far more innovation. So， he suggests， why not do away with DRM and sell music unprotected？“This is