中考阅读专题：主旨大意题
所谓主旨大意题，就是指那些针对文章的主要内容、主题、标题或写作目的所设置的问题。这类题主要考查同学们在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法对文章进行高度概括或总结的能力。通过研究近两年各地的中考题我们发现，现在的阅读题远非停留在理解词句和看懂内容上。为了增加阅读理解题的区分度，考查学生的综合理解能力，拉开差距，阅读题中主旨大意题和推断题明显增加。这里，我们主要来探讨主旨大意题的解题方法。
一、主旨大意题的题干表现形式
1. 主要内容型:
What is the passage / text / article mainly about? What is the main / general idea of this passage? This passage mainly tells us about / that ______.
2. 主题型:
What is the topic / subject of the article? Which subject is discussed in the text?
3. 最佳标题型:
What is the best title for this text / passage / article? Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
4. 写作目的型:
The purpose of this article / passage / text is to_______. The author’s main purpose of writing the passage is ______.What is the writer’s purpose of writing this passage? The article has been written to explain _______.
二、主旨大意题的解答在做主旨大意题时,不管是哪一种题型,关键的一步是要找出主题句或和主题有关的关键词,从而把握文章的主旨(main idea)。
1. 议论、说明体裁的文章
在议论文和说明文中,文章的主题通常出现在首段或末段。第一段的作用通常是给出作者的观点或引出将要介绍的事物,而末段的作用通常是总结全文、重申论点。因此,在阅读议论文和说明文时,对于首段和末段一定要仔细阅读,寻找对全文有提纲挈领或概括结论性的语句,因为那通常就是文章的主题所在。
但有时文章中并不存在明确点明主题的句子,这时可以联系每段的中心句来概括、总结,然后得出主题。因为作者对文章各个段落的安排都是紧紧围绕主题展
开的,或者说每段都对主题的展开和深化起到了各自的作用。因此每个段落也是相对的一个小整体,有着各自的中心,而这个中心通常由段落中的一句话表达出来,即段落的主题句(topic sentence)。由此,我们可以看出,文章各段的主题句构成了一篇文章的"骨架"。看清了这个"骨架"的轮廓,弄清了各段与文章主题的关系,不但全文的主旨,即便是隐藏在文字深层的作者的写作目的或意图也会跃然纸上。每段中的主题句可能出现在段首、段尾或是段中,但以出现在段首的情况居多。尽管每段主题句的位置不固定,但寻找起来也并不难。记住主题句是能简洁明了地概括全段的主要内容,具有高度的综合性和概括性的一句话,段内的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释、说明、论证或拓展。
例1:
Our neighborhood has really changed. When I last visited there, about half of the houses had been torn down (拆除)to make way for a highway. The rest of the buildings were covered with billboards (宣传板)and surrounded by traffic signs and garbage. Now the whole neighborhood has become dirty, noisy and full of cars.
【分析】
本段第一句话的概括性最强,指出环境发生了巨大变化。其他几句话分别具体说明都发生了哪些变化,以及现在的样子。因此,第一句为本段的主题句。
2. 记叙体裁的文章
记叙文通常按时间先后或事情发展的顺序来叙述。寻找这类文章的主题时也要特别留意首段和末段,因为作者有时会在叙述事件之前或之后流露出自己对它的看法和情感,而这正是解题的关键。还有些情况下,文中没有明确的主题句,即主题隐含在行文之中。必须根据文章中所提供的事实细节进行全面考虑,综合分析。这时要注意表示时间和顺序的词语,以把握事情发展的脉络。还要特别留意那些概括情节和中心的动词,或者反映人物特点的形容词等,这样才能猜测出作者在用词、语气之中流露出的隐含信息。
例2:
Every year on my birthday, from the time I turned 12, a white gardenia (栀子花) was delivered to my house. No card ever came with it. Calls to the flower-shop were not helpful at all. After a while I stopped try ing to find out the sender’s name and was just pleased with the beautiful white flower, in soft pink paper.
I never stopped imagining (想像) who the giver might be, though. Some of my happiest moments were spent daydreaming about the sender. My mother encouraged these daydreams. She’d ask me if I had been especially kind to someone. Perhaps it was the old man across the street. I’d delivered his mail during the winter. As a girl, though, I had more fun imagining that it might be a boy that I had met.
One month before my graduation, my father died. I was so sad that I became completely uninterested in my upcoming graduation dance, and I didn’t care whether I had a new dress or not. My mother, in her own sadness, however, would not let me miss any of those things. She wanted her children to feel loved. In fact, my mother wanted her children to see themselves much like the gardenia: lovely, strong and perfect, with perhaps a bit of mystery (神秘).
My mother died ten days after I was married. I was 22. That was the year the gardenias stopped coming.
Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. A Childhood Dream
B. A Mother’s Love
C. A Graduation Party
D. A Special Birthday
【分析】
本文写的是一位母亲在自己女儿成长的过程中以一种独特的方式——每年在女儿生日那天不署名送女儿栀子花来表达对女儿的爱。本篇文章围绕爱展开,开头写暗送女儿栀子花,并鼓励女儿去想像美好。当女儿遇到挫折时,母亲鼓励女儿要勇敢地面对困难。尽管文章中并没有出现主题句,但是以上这些关键信息充分说明了B项"A Mother’s Love"是正确项。
3. 新闻体裁的文章
值得一提的是新闻报道类文章在中考阅读中逐渐增多。一般这类文章都有固定格式:城市名称(或通讯社) ——一句话概括新闻的主要内容,然后是具体的报道。通常第一句是一个较长的句子,交待出主要事件、发生的时间、地点等。如果不是非常有必要交待时间和地点的事情,也至少会在第一句中点出要报道的对
象和侧重点。例如:
例3:
JAKARTA (Xinhua) —The Indonesia Health Ministry said that a three-year-old Indonesian boy died of bird flu (流感) on Wednesday. He became the 108th people who died of this disease in the country. Nyoman Kandun, the leader of the Health Ministry, told Xinhua on telephone that the boy loved to play with birds ...
【分析】
这则新闻报道了一个3岁的男孩死于禽流感的事情。首句就交代清楚了事情发生的时间(on Wednesday)、地点(Indonesia)、人物(a 3-year-old boy)以及主要情节(died of bird flu)。
小试牛刀
1. Samantha, I can’t eat or sleep when you are gone. I need to hea r your soft voice and see your lovely toothless smile. I miss that special way you eat soup with your fingers. Please come home soon!
What is the main idea of this paragraph?
A. Samantha, your smile is very lovely.
B. Samantha, I want to hear your soft voice.
C. Samantha, I miss you very much.
D. Samantha, I can’t eat and sleep well.
2. Someday we will all have robots that will be our personal servants (仆人). They will look and behave much like real humans. We will be able to talk to these robots and they will be able to answer us. They will be smart, strong, and tire-less workers. Their only life goal will be to make our lives easier.
Which sentence expresses the main idea of the paragraph?
A. Someday we will all have robots as our personal servants.
B. We can talk to these robots and they can answer us.
C. Robots will look and behave much like real humans.
D. The robots will be smart, strong, and tireless workers.
解答主旨大意题的小技巧：
1. 快速有重点地浏览(skimming)全文。从整体上把握文章的结构、逻辑关系、问题的指向等。在快速浏览时，不纠缠文章中与主旨无关的细节(如某些数字或专有名词等)，以保持阅读的连贯性，把注意力集中于主题句的关键词语上，必要时在重要词句下面画线标注。
2. 选择文章标题时，既要排除过于具体或断章取义、以偏概全的标题，又要排除范围太大、空洞、不着边际的标题，还要警惕以事实、细节替代抽象、概括的大意的情况。
3. 推断作者写作目的时，要站在作者的立场想问题，切忌将自己的观点强加于作者。当文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。此时，要注意一些转折词，如：but, yet, however, although等。当文章中表示相反的观点时，往往用到这些词。答题时要弄清哪个是作者的观点，排除迷惑性信息。
4. 必须看清题目，要求回答的是“全文主旨”还是“段落主旨”；推断的是“作者的观点、意图”还是“别人的观点、意图”。
主旨大意题的阅读理解题 主旨大意是全文或相关段落的概括和总结，主要考查学生在理解文章的基础上对全文的高度概括。 （1）Stepping into a pool of water is common enough, but who could ever imagine stepping into a pool of fish? In February of 1974, Bill Tapp, an Australian farmer, saw a rain of fish that covered his farm. How surprised he must have been when he heard many fish hitting against his roof! What caused this strange occurrence? This is a question that had long puzzled people who study fish. The answer turned out to be a combination of wind and storm. When it is spring in the northern part of the world . it is fall in Australia .Throughout the autumn season, terrible storms arise and huge vacuum cleaners , collecting seaweed, pieces of wood, and even schools of fish . Strong winds may carry these bits nature for many miles before vacuum dropping them on fields , houses, and astonished people. What is this passage about? A、A sad story B、A rain of fish C、Australian’s northern part D、The damage done by floods (2) Variety of activity was also seen as a way of maintaining or increasing motivation. Several years ago we had one timetable that operated throughout , but we soon found that both the students and the teachers
阅读理解专题一 主旨大意题(A) 阅读下列短文或短文片段，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案或可以填入空白处的最佳答案： A Nobody likes an old poop(傻子). Developing a sense of humor is part of becoming a mature, emotionally healthy individual. Laughter is good for the soul, builds friendships and relieves stress. It serves as the glue for social situations and as an ice-breaker for sadness and boredom. If you've ever been told to "lighten up" or "chill out", you should save the blue attitude for serious situations and develop your sense of humor. Forgive the accidental. A sudden fall is humorous not because we like to see people fall, but because it surprises. From a spilled (溢出)water glass in a meeting to Aunt Rae's teeth coming off in the Thanksgiving turkey, the embarrassment of accidents can be relieved by humor and a helping hand. After making sure that nobody's hurt, forgive accidents with a chuckle (咯咯笑) rather than a scolding. Look for the unexpected. The kid who used to look at you with his eyes closed during a test had the idea. Parents who serve green eggs and ham to their children on graduation day get the idea. Unexpected actions lighten an atmosphere and relax people. Learn to laugh with your kids. Most of what children say and do is funny. Help them learn that accidents are sometimes funny and sometimes occasions for joining in and helping another human being. By sharing laughs and attempting to explain humor, you develop your sense of humor, as well as help kids develop their own sense of humor. 1. What is the best title for the passage? A. How to Develop a Sense of Humor B. Ways to Become a Healthy Individual C. The Function of Humor D. Proper Attitudes Towards Humor B People believe that climbing can do good to health. Where can you learn the skills of climbing then? If you think that you have to go to the mountains to learn how to climb, you're wrong. Many Americans are learning to climb in city gyms. Here, people are learning on special climbing walls. The climbing wall goes straight up and has small holding places for hands and feet. How do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and a harness (保护带) around your chest to hold you. There are ropes tied to your harness. The ropes hold you in place so that you don't fall. A beginner's wall is usually about 15 feet high，and you climb straight up. There
在处理文章标题的选择时，要避免下列三种错误： ①概括不够(多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小); ②过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围); ③以事实或细节代替抽象具体的大意。 1.2012朝阳期末 Why play games? Because they are fun, and we can learn even more while playing. Following the rules, planning your next move, acting as a team member —these are all ―game‖ ideas that you will come across all through your life. They can help you in different ways. Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are very interesting. But perhaps more importantly, they translate part of life into exciting games that teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating (合作). Many children’s games have a practical side. Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For example, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones, which improves the hand-eye coordination (协调) needed in fishing. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competitions. People who watch the event (比赛项目) know that a gold medal is a win for the whole country, not just the athlete who got it. For countries experiencing natural disasters (灾害) or wars, an Olympic win can mean so much. Sports games are also an event that unites (团结) people. Football is the most popular sport in the world. People all over the world play it —some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian football player, has discovered a way to spread hope through football. He created a foundation (基金会) to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a bright future. Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other parts of your life. 55．What’s the main idea of the passage? A. Games can help people in different ways. B. People are advised to play games for fun. C. An Olympic win means a lot to every country. D. Sports can get people all over the world together. 2.2012朝阳期末 Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost mention recycling, which is the process (过程) of treating used things, such as paper or steel so that they can be used again. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more things than we need. We are now dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the possible greenest way, but it would be far better if we did not bring so many things home in the first place. Here is an example. In the UK, the total of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005. It now makes up a third of a household’s waste. In many supermarkets, foods are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard. Too much packaging causes serious environmental problems. The UK is running out of different kinds of ways for dealing with this unnecessary waste. If such packaging is burnt, it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect (效果). Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy. The best way of avoiding this problem is to stop producing such unnecessary things in the first place. Food waste is another serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers (消费者) to buy more than they need. They seldom encourage customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue. But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to connect packaging with quality (质量). We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality. Is it true for all the products? I n fact, more and more companies realized the importance of protecting the environment. They try to package what really should be packaged, including products in good quality. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realize how many unnecessary things are being
主旨大意题 (一)确定主题句，锁定主旨 (2015·北京·D) Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life，mostly for the better.However，social changes that are brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in attitudes. An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who are attending college.Surveys(调查) on this topic suggest that parents today continue to be “very” or “somewhat” overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories.The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a generation ago.This is usually interpreted as a sign that today's parents are trying to manage their children's lives past the point where this behavior is appropriate. However，greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to let go of their “adult” children. In the context(背景)of this discussion，it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents' involvement with their grown children.If parents of earlier generations had wanted to be in touch with their college-age children frequently，would this have been possible？Probably not.On the other hand，does the possibility of frequent communication today mean that the urge to do so wasn't present a generation ago？Many studies show that older parents—today's grandparents—would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier. Furthermore，studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children.The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new；nor are requests for more money to be sent from home.This phenomenon is neither good nor bad；it is a fact of college life，today and in the past. Thanks to the advanced technology，we live in an age of bettered communication.This has many implications well beyond the role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have left for college.But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined
2016-2017年高三英语培优补差学案二 Gongli/2016/11/14 阅读理解之主旨大意题 一、阅读技巧“tips” （一）题型特点考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主 题,标题或目的设题。 （二）题干表现形式 1.What would be the best title of the passage? 2.Which of the following is the best title for the passage? 3.What is the passage mainly about? 4.What does the text mainly talk about? 5.What is the (main) purpose of this article? 6.The purpose of the passage is ___ . 7.What’s the topic of the article? 8.What is the main idea of the passage? 9.The passage is intended to _____. （三）应试技巧 1.主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。找准文章的主题句是关键。“ 主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。在答题时，我们可以： 读首句抓大意；读尾句抓大意；读首尾段抓大意 2.无明显主题句时高频信息词 一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。 Exercises. Text 1 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast--foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. 主题句在__________________________________________________ Text 2 Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic
第一节主旨大意（I） 主备：张莉琴 主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中常考的题型之一,主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。通常以概括中心大意、概括段落大意、选择标题以及判断作者写作意图等形式出现。主旨大意题是阅读理解题中的高难度题, ,主旨大意题几乎年年都有,而且在大部分地区的阅读理解题中会有1~3道考查此类题。 一、设题方式：? 1.The main idea/key point of this passage is that . 2.The passage is mainly about . 3.The best title/headline for this passage is . 4.The topic/subject discussed in this passage is . 5.From the passage we can learn/conclude that . 6.The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with . 7. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? 8. Which of the following best states the theme of the passage? 二、主旨大意题正确选项特征 1.涵盖性强,覆盖全文或全段。 2.确定的范围恰当,既不太大,也不太小。 3..精确性强,不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。 三、主旨大意题干扰选项特征 1.过于笼统,不知所云。所给选项内容概括的范围过大,超出文章所述内容。 2.以偏概全,主次不分。所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容,或以文章中的细节信息或个别词作为选 项的设置内容,或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。 3.移花接木,偷换概念。所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在B上,若不留神,极易选错。 4.无中生有,生搬硬套。所给选项的关键词虽然在文章中谈到了,但经过仔细阅读分析之后,发现选项的 内容与文章的内容毫无联系。 四、主旨大意题解题思路 1.标题归纳题 标题具有醒目性、概括性和针对性的特点。醒目是唤起读者阅读文章的兴趣;概括性, 针对性是标题要直接指向文章的主要特点。标题归纳题与中心大意题具有共同之处,当文章主旨是一个短语或一句简洁的话时,我们可把它看作标题;但是文章主旨往往是作者写作目的或写作内容的归纳,一般不作为文章标题。解答标题归纳题需掌握以下三种方法: ①正面肯定法:在理解文章主旨的基础上,揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨; ②反面否定法:拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”应咋写, 然后和原文对照,排除不符选 项; ③研读备选项本身:研读备选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、概括性等。 [全国Ⅰ,D篇]The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for under standing a person’s needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just
2011届英语阅读理解专练 主旨大意题 A.设题方式 ①.考查文章的中心思想 The main idea/key point of this passage is that_____. The passage is mainly about __. From the passage we can learn/conclude that_________. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage ②.考查文章标题的选择 The best title/headline for this passage is_________. Which of the following is the best title What would be the best title for the text The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is_________. ③.考查作者的写作态度和意图 What is the author’s main purpose in this passage The writer’s purpose in writing this story is____. In the passage the author wants to tell___. The writer’s attitude toward ... is___. B.干扰项特点 ①. 以偏概全。干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。 ②. 断章取义。干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。 ③. 主题扩大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。 ④. 张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。考生不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。 ⑤. 无中生有或似是而非。有的干扰项中的关键词语好像在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。 C.解题指导 1.分清主次，抓住主干，找出主题句。 主题句是归纳表达文章中心思想的句子,它的出现有四种情况: 1）主题句在开头?主题句出现在段落或文章的开头部分,起着开宗明义?点明主题的作用,它可以使读者一开始就明白文章所讲的内容主旨?而支撑句则使用一些具体的人、物、数字或具体的步骤来阐述或论证
Don’t give up your whole garden just for an attractive rose. 一、主旨大意题型特点： 主旨大意题要求在理解全文后________________，____________或者是_________，考查考生的归纳总结能力。这类题需要______________，抓住文章的______和_____，同时兼顾________以及文章出现的________。此类试题通常以概括中心、揭示主题、选择标题等形式出现。 查找主旨、标题时，我们要学习识别文章中__________________的信息，这种信息应能归纳和概括文中其它信息所具有的______。做主旨大意题时，应采用_______的方式，跳过生僻词，抓住________和_______，快而准地把握文章主旨。 【例1】Choose the most general word. A. Chemist B. Physicist C. Scientist D. Biologist 【例2】Choose the most general sentence. A. The hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7 to 10 . daily. B. There are many reasons why guests feel at home at the Glorietta Bay Inn. C. The coin-operated laundry room has an ironing board. D. There are a number of extra services at the Glorietta Bay Inn including baby-sitting. 【例3】Choose the title that best expresses the idea of the paragraph. There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount of, or access to, certain goods. Demand represents the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply, then price rises. Of course manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased prices. A. Economic Principle B. Law of Supply and Demand C. More Goods, Lower Prices D. Fewer Goods, Higher Prices 二、主旨大意题题干形式： 1. ________________________ (main idea): (1) The main idea of the passage is… (2) The passage is mainly about… (3) The passage is mainly discussed… (4) Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? (5) What is the passage mainly about? 2. _________________________ (title): (6) The best title for the passage might be… (7) Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? 三、主题句的特点： 1. 主题句与文体体裁之间的关系：议论文和说明文一般有主题句，且一般位于______； 而记叙文一般没有主题句； 2. 段落主题句一般位于_____________； 3. 主题句所表达的意思具有_______和________；句子________单, 一般不会采用长句 或结构复杂的句子；
阅读理解之怎样做题：主旨大意题 ——看首位，高屋建瓴 一、题型解读及思维导向 主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中常考的题型之一，主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。通常以概括文章或段落大意以及选择标题等形式出现。主旨大意题是阅读理解题中的高难度题，能够拉开考生的分数差距，所以此类题目在高考试题中具有很好的选拔作用，属于能力型题目。 主旨大意题一般分为三类，即标题归纳类、文章大意类和段落大意类。 二、命题区间及读文关注点 1．文首、段首、段尾句 一般来说，阅读文章中第一段首句往往是强开弱收型文章中心思想的表达处；第二段首句或第一段尾句往往是转开弱收型文章的主题句所在；而有时每段的段首句、段尾句是该段的段落主题句。因此，解答主旨大意题时要对这些地方多加关注。 2．转折信息点处 尤其是段首的语义转折处，常是考点。因为转折后面的内容往往是作者真实的基本观点或写作目的，而这又是文章中心思想的所在。 3．因果结论信息点处 因果结论句也可以表现出作者的写作目的、观点或文章的主题，因此要特别关注。表示因果关系的常用词汇有：reason, because, since, for, as, therefore, consequently, result in, due to, based on等，有时作者也通过先提出问题(why ...)而后给予回答的方式阐释文章主题。 4．文尾结论句 弱开强收型文章有明确的全文结论句，作者在文尾给出文章鲜明的观点和主题，因此这类文章的文尾是我们把握文章主题的必读之处。 三、考题定向及设问方式 解答主旨大意题时要抓住文章的首尾段和每一段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。 1．标题归纳类主旨大意题的主要设题形式 What is the best title for this passage?
阅读理解主旨大意题 【命题分析】 主旨大意题是高考阅读理解的主要题型之一，旨在考查考生对文章大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。此类题数量较大，在15个题中约占1-2个。 ◆主旨大意题的分类 1.从考查对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种 ①篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段。 ②段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻 找或总结。 2.考查内容上划分，主旨大意题可分为三种 ①主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意； ②目的类，考查文章或段落的写作目的； ③标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。 ◆设问特点： 1.考查全文主旨或段落大意。 2.正确选项概况范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。 3.错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题，主观臆断。 4.常以main idea,best idea,subject,mainly discuss等词提问。 ◆常考问题： 1.中心思想类 The main point/idea of the passageis… The passageis mainly about… The passagemainly discusses… The last but one paragraph is chiefly concerned with…？ Which of the following statements best expressesthe main idea of the passage? 2.标题类 Which of the following is the best title of the passage? The best title for the passagewould be… 3.目的类
2016年高考英语阅读理解指导三——主旨大意题 Don’t give up your whole garden just for an attractive rose. 一、主旨大意题型特点： 主旨大意题要求在理解全文后________________，____________或者是_________，考查考生的归纳总结能力。这类题需要______________，抓住文章的______和_____，同时兼顾________以及文章出现的________。此类试题通常以概括中心、揭示主题、选择标题等形式出现。 查找主旨、标题时，我们要学习识别文章中__________________的信息，这种信息应能归纳和概括文中其它信息所具有的______。做主旨大意题时，应采用_______的方式，跳过生僻词，抓住________和_______，快而准地把握文章主旨。 【例1】Choose the most general word. A. Chemist B. Physicist C. Scientist D. Biologist 【例2】Choose the most general sentence. A. The hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7 to 10 a.m. daily. B. There are many reasons why guests feel at home at the Glorietta Bay Inn. C. The coin-operated laundry room has an ironing board. D. There are a number of extra services at the Glorietta Bay Inn including baby-sitting. 【例3】Choose the title that best expresses the idea of the paragraph. There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount of, or access to, certain goods. Demand represents the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply, then price rises. Of course manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased prices. A. Economic Principle B. Law of Supply and Demand C. More Goods, Lower Prices D. Fewer Goods, Higher Prices 二、主旨大意题题干形式： 1. ________________________ (main idea): (1) The main idea of the passage is… (2) The passage is mainly about… (3) The passage is mainly discussed… (4) Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? (5) What is the passage mainly about? 2. _________________________ (title): (6) The best title for the passage might be… (7) Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? 三、主题句的特点： 1. 主题句与文体体裁之间的关系：议论文和说明文一般有主题句，且一般位于______； 而记叙文一般没有主题句； 2. 段落主题句一般位于_____________； 3. 主题句所表达的意思具有_______和________；句子________单, 一般不会采用长句 或结构复杂的句子； 4. 文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步________________________。