main ideas
Part I (para.1)
This part introduces the subject and arouses readers' interest.
The author makes an impressive description of the impact of saying good-bye and actual leaving on him.
Part II (para.2 to para.4)
The author sets the stage with a general description of how he feels on that particular day.
His own mood changes from the strong desire of becoming independent and free to fear and uncertainty and to a mixture of both.
Part III (para.5 to para.19)
The author depicts in great detail the main interest of the story.
By having brunch with his Mom and saying good-bye to her, he made a very smooth illustration of the change of his mother's mood from being chatty and cheerful at the beginning to being quiet, even somber as the final moment comes.
Part IV (para.20)
The author brings the story to its climax and ends it with a symbolic description.
He compares himself to a rookie skydiver preparing for his first plunge, which leads to possible outcomes: sheer excitement or eventual death. What he chooses is to experience sheer excitement, close his eyes, take a deep breath, and jump into the future.
What is the effect of saying farewell and actual leaving on the author?
Whom did the author like to say good-bye to? What was the author's mood like before the day of departure and after?
How did his mother's mood change during his brunch with her?
What was the significance of the particular day to the author?
Suggested Summary
The time of saying good-bye and actual leaving makes a great impact on the author, which is fully demonstrated in the opening sentence. He gives a general description of how he feels on that particular day, during which his own mood changes from sheer excitement for the prospect of becoming independent and free to fear and uncertainty to a mixture of both. By his brunching with Mom and saying good-bye to her, he makes a very smooth depiction of the change of his mother's mood from being chatty and cheerful at the beginning to being quiet, even somber as the final moment comes. To bring the story to its climax, the author ends the story with a symbolic description. He compares himself to a rookie skydiver preparing for his first plunge that leads to possible outcomes: sheer excitement or eventual death. No matter what will happen, he closes his eyes, takes a deep breath and jumps into the future.
Part I (para.1 to para.4)
Even though oil consumption is higher than before, its prices won't rise for several reasons. (para. 1)Crude-oil prices have kept changing, which results from the armed conflict in the Middle East.
(para. 2)Oil consumption is increasing in developed and developing countries.
(para. 3)Thinking that we are unable to avoid oil crisis, Richard E. Rainwater has invested much money on oil and gas industries.
(para. 4)Oil prices may even fall because the cash from oil is very necessary to producers and demand growth is adjusted by supply growth, which depends on technology.
Part II (para.5 to para.12)
With the increasing of measured oil reserves and the development of technology, oil price is unlikely to rise.
(para. 5)Highly advanced technology has reduced the costs of oil industry.
(para. 6)It's hard for nations to raise oil prices, even if the OPEC can't do it either.
(para. 7)With the demand for oil increasing, the supply of it is rising as well.
(para. 8~10)The proven reserves of oil are measured than ever.
(para. 11~12) Experts were predicting that oil prices would fall mainly because of technology.
Part III (para.13 to para.16)
The falling down of oil prices has good effect on the world economy.
(para. 13)It was said that a downside price was very possible to happen.
(para. 14~15)Under lower oil price, the companies profit and the world economy is accelerated. (para. 16) Companies play different roles in economic world.
Should we worry about the oil price?
What is the main reason for oil price to fall?
Is Rainwater's high-price theory right?
What influences oil industry profits most?
How will lower oil price influence the world economy?
Suggested Summary
The article aims at establishing the idea that oil price will not rise even as demand soars. To begin with, the author shows the increasing consumption of oil around the world and the impact of technology on oil industry. By giving several examples, he draws the conclusion that the need for cash and dependence on technology leads to the fact that oil prices will even fall. Furthermore, technological updating, slashing the costs of finding, producing, and refining oil, is also a reason to support the author's point. There is evidence that technology lets the world companies maintain healthy earnings at lower oil prices. In conclusion, cheap oil accelerates the world economy, and a downside price scenario is increasingly likely.
Part I (para.1 to para.4)
This part serves as an introduction of the topic. Using the game of musical chairs as an example, the author wants to show that competition exists not only in our work but also in our recreation which he believes does not necessarily require competition.
Part II (para.5 to para.9)
Taking the case of Terry Orlick and others who have devised or collected many non-competitive games, the author shows the significance of turning an opponent into a partner, the differences between teamwork and team competition and that non-competitive sports can also provide satisfaction and challenge.
Part III (para.10 to para.13)
The reasons why a large number of people insist that we can't do without win / lose activities.
Part IV (para.14 to para.15)
The real problem is competition. To solve the problem, we need to be teaching our children how to have a good time or enjoy themselves without competition.
What kind of games does the author use to illustrate the points?
What's the significance of changing an "opponent" into a "partner"?
What's the difference between teamwork and team competition?
What are the possible reasons that a large number of people insist that we can't do without win/lose activities?
What is the real problem?
Suggested Summary
By using the game of musical chairs, the author illustrates that competition is destructive not only in our daily work but also in entertainments. It is important and possible to change the form of the game by way of turning an opponent into a partner: Everyone on the field can work together for a common goal (teamwork) instead of competing with each other (team competition). Cooperative games and sports provide satisfaction and challenge without competition. The reason that a large number of people insist that we can't do without win/lose activities are that they don't know any other way and that they overlook the psychological costs of competition and the toxic effect of competition on our relations. Competition is not conducive to trust and it may lead one to look at others through narrowed eyes and even invite outright aggression. We are inclined to blame individuals for all this, but it is the structure of the game itself which causes competition. To solve the problem of competition, we need to be teaching our children how to enjoy themselves without competition.
Part I (para.1)
Genghis Khan was one of the outstanding examples of men to seek sex and power.
Part II (para.2 to para.7)
The writer makes a biological explanation of men's striving for status, which is developed by citing points from scientists / experts / researchers of various specialities and by the author's own comments.
(para. 2)Biologically, status seeking is a design feature of the male psyche.
(para. 3)Males have a strong desire for status throughout their life and keep friends of the same sex at arm's length.
(para. 4)Researches in other fields confirm the biologically endowed one-upmanship by the same ubiquitous pattern in both humans and different species of animals.
(para. 5)Evolutionists believe that male status seeking results from the race of reproduction under the rule of natural selection.
(para. 6)Women still favor males with high rank / status.
(para. 7)Males with low status suffer a great deal psychologically and physically.
Part III (para.8 to para.9)
Despite the persistent one-upmanship, both biologists and psychologists point out that the world with social stratifications could be peaceful, just and happy.
(para. 8)People have different choices for uneven distribution of resources and alternative ideas about high rank.
(para. 9)To pursue status is man's nature, but the abuse of power may lead to a total loss.
Are males persistent status seekers?
What's the biological explanation for male's pursuit of dominance?
What are the problems for those with low status?
How do modern men cope with a stratified society?
Suggested Summary
By citing the example of Genghis Khan, the writer states that males are persistent status seekers. The drive for sex and power is biologically rooted in male's nervous system, so that males are more competitive than females at any age and in all societies. But the evolutionists believe that natural selection pushes males to strive for dominance. The writer also points out that powerlessness usually leads to both psychological and physical problems for men as well as male animals. However, men are not so much anguished over the hierarchies. They tend to settle down to a certain stratified society and look for other satisfactions. The writer finally warns that power cannot be abused and dominance must be balanced by consent.
Part I (para.1 to para.3)
Introduction: Misplacing bank funds may plunge a family into debts. However, being in debt is no longer a scandal or puts one into prison, but is a very cool thing. Therefore, credit cards are popular, which makes America home to the highly leveraged citizen.
Part II (para.4 to para.19)
Body: Why being in debt is so popular?
A. (para. 4～6) Consumers pursue the annual rite of the holiday spending binge.
B. (para. 7～9) People don't have to worry about debt because banks are now relentless marketers of debt so that even bankruptcy doesn't stop the solicitations from lenders.
C. (para. 10) Debt anesthetizes the purchasing process and makes people into debt for small things like a bottle of champagne or a new wardrobe, which is not smart .
D. (para.11～19) Debt is no longer the stigma it was for the generation that came of age during the Great Depression. Things have been changing ever since the 1950s and Americans were primed to take a new look at debt—all they needed were credit cards and a nudge from those burgeoning inflation rates.
Part III (para.20 to para.22)
Conclusion and solution to the problems of credit cards.
A. The consumer debt spigot has been wide open and some borrowers are beginning to tread water , despite the robust economy.
B. Maybe a sharp downturn in economy is needed to make people think it wise to lighten their debt loans and rid themselves of personal debt.
What facts about credit card debt are mentioned in the text?
What are the reasons for the popularity of credit card debt?
What problems of credit card debt are mentioned in the text?
What does the author suggest doing to solve the problems of credit cards?
Suggested Summary
By citing the film It's a Wonderful Life, the writer introduces the topic and the thesis statement: misplacing bank funds may plunge a family into debt. However, being in debt is no longer a scandal or puts one into prison, but is a very cool thing. Then the author explains the reasons for the popularity of credit card debt: Consumers are involved in the annual rite of the holiday spending binge; People don't have to worry about debt because banks are now relentlessly encouraging the use of credit cards so that even bankruptcy doesn't stop the borrowing of money from banks; Debt makes people unconscious of the purchasing process and makes them into debt for small things like a bottle of champagne or a new wardrobe; Americans are ready to take a new look at debt: debt is no longer something to be ashamed of as it was for the generation that came of age during the Great Depression. Lastly the author points out that several credit card companies have taken a financial beating because of the sharply rising charge-offs for bad credit card debt. The solution to the problem is to make consumers think it wise to lighten their debt loads and try to rid themselves of personal debt.
1. What is the main subject introduced in paragraph one?
It is the description of the effect of saying farewell to his parents, friends and folks on the author.
2. How is the story organized?
The story is chronologically organized (following the time sequence in which the event unfolded itself).
3. How did Weckerly feel before the day of his departure?
He felt eager and excited to wait for the day to come.
4. How did his mood change when the day had really come?
At the very beginning he became sentimental about saying good-bye to many people around him. Facing the reality of becoming independent, he began to feel afraid and uncertain .
5. What do you think about the ending of the story?
It is very impressive. Weckerly ends the story with a metaphor which catches the essence of the particular moment accurately. He compares himself to a rookie skydiver preparing for his first plunge, which leads to possible outcomes: sheer excitement or eventual death. The last sentence "He closes his eyes, takes a deep breath, and jumps" symbolizes the fact that from that day on the author jumps into the future of being independent no matter how long and complicated the road to it is.
1.Only twenty-seven new members had been ____________ since the Leeds Congress, and the total membership still stood at less than one hundred. (B)
A. ceded
B. enrolled
C. faded
D. departed
2.You could go for advertising ____________, the catchy floor displays or the flashy packaging. (C)
A. design
B. description
C. hype
D. propaganda
3.The desk was ____________ with files, but the chair behind it was vacant. (A)
A. cluttered
B. depicted
C. defined
D. represented
4.____________ is a meal typically eaten late in the morning as a combination of a late breakfast and an early lunch. (B)
A. Dinner
B. Brunch
C. Banquet
D. Feast
5.The improvement of the highway will ____________ pressure on the trains to some extent. (B)
A. ensure
B. relieve
C. protect
D. guarantee
6.John's hands were ____________ as he put down his papers and started his speech at the first time. (A)
A. quivering
B. waving
C. shaking
D. lifting
7.His mood was an explosive mixture of ____________ self-pity and forced gaiety, the latter predominating as he got drunk. (A)
A. maudlin
B. nasty
C. painful
D. outright
8.Because of the economic slowdown, the government changed its policy to ____________ revenue by limiting commerce. (C)
A. disregard
B. challenge
C. diminish
D. reject
9.In women's magazines and educational material the apple ____________ good food and health.
(B)
A. anticipates
B. conjures
C. designates
D. presupposes
10.It is the opinion of a(n) ____________ tourist that no price would be too great to pay, the novelist declared. (D)
A. affectionate
B. sensitive
C. appropriate
D. sentimental
1.According to the opinion poll, the Socialists were predominant in the last parliament. (D)
A. frequent
B. premature
C. subordinate
D. dominant
2.He exerted himself, during his sojourn among this simple and well-disposed people, to inculcate, as far as he was able, the gentle and humanizing precepts of the Christian faith. (B)
A. instruct
B. infuse
C. persuade
D. install
3.A domestic unit consists of the members of a household who live together along with non-relatives such as servants. (A)
A. family
B. appliance
C. fosterage
D. house
4.It was clear that a man after seventeen years of wedlock did not leave his wife without certain occurrences which must have led her to suspect that all was not well with their married life. (B) A. divorce B. marriage C. endogamy D. legitimation
5.Several common reasons that lead couples to decide to cohabit: wanting to test compatibility or establish financial security before marrying. (A)
A. live together
B. inhabit with
C. split up
D. separate with
6.The studies show that most delinquent boys have a non-conventional orientated self-concept, while other boys who are not involved in the peer group, have a school orientated self-concept.
(C)
A. responsible
B. hospitable
C. offensive
D. obedient
7.They are a fierce and intractable people, though capable of forming most devoted friendships when their confidence has once been gained. (C)
A. bravery
B. stubborn
C. unmanageable
D. manipulable
8."Your religion," says he, "serves you only for an excuse for your faults, but is no incentive to your virtue." (B)
A. scheme
B. inducement
C. strategy
D. indulgence
9.The real estate investors have tempered to meet the investor's needs. (A)
A. adjusted
B. decreased
C. united
D. overcharged
10.To penalize a yacht in proportion to the fineness of her performance is unfair to the craft and to her men. (D)
A. sue
B. impose
C. arrest
D. punish
U2
1. Why won't oil prices rise at all over the long time?
Firstly, because producers need the cash from oil too much to let their supply be interrupted for long. Secondly, and more important, because demand growth can't push prices upward as long as it is balanced by supply growth.
2. Why can't the members of the OPEC raise oil prices?
Because if they do, non-OPEC sources will grab market share by developing fields where technology has made production affordable.
3. Why have most majors cut their costs on oil?
Because technology lets the companies maintain healthy earnings at steadily lower oil prices.
4. Who takes a lead in the oil companies?
Those that master technology and efficiency, such as Shell, Exxon, and British Petroleum.
1.In the first year of peace, Lebanon's GDP soared by almost 40%. (C)
A. flew
B. hovered
C. increased
D. decreased
2.SAIC's previous skirmishes with investigators had attracted little attention. (D)
A. conflicts
B. struggles
C. skates
D. arguments
3.The boy grabbed hold of my bag and disappeared quickly into the crowd. (C)
A. seized
B. snapped
C. snatched
D. sneaked
4.Although Chicago has fared better than some cities, unemployment remains a problem. (A)
A. got on
B. charged
C. offered jobs
D. provided welfare
5.The dwarfs were devastated, because they could not figure out how to save Snow White this time. (D)
A. calculate
B. rate
C. consider
D. decide
6.His distrust of the power of critics made him ready to gibe at David Sylvester. (A)
A. laugh
B. ridicule
C. deride
D. taunt
7.Children are most vulnerable to abuse within their own home. (A)
A. unprotected
B. sensible
C. susceptible
D. harmful
8.Short of the President himself, probably no one could have put the American case more persuasively. (B)
A. Rather than
B. Other than
C. Less than
D. Short for
1.It snakes in and out of ports, along our busiest highways and through our most crowded cities.
(D)
A. sneaks
B. jerks
C. crawls
D. travels
2.She adjusted her glasses and peered at the man. (B)
A. gaped
B. gazed
C. glared
D. ogle
3.Southeast winds nudged the oil slick onto the shore. (A)
A. pushed
B. poked
C. prompted
D. prodded
4.My horse had been tethered to a post, but somehow it escaped. (B)
A. corralled
B. tied
C. rid
D. confined
5.The bridge is built to withstand an earthquake of 8.3 magnitude. (C)
A. stand
B. persist
C. resist
D. consist
6.An evaporation system is used to dissipate heat from the sun and protect the shuttle's electronics. (D)
A. squander
B. waste
C. accumulate
D. disperse
7.Narcissus was a young man who spurned the nymph Echo and became enamoured of his own reflection. (A)
A. refused
B. scorned
C. affected
D. restrained
8.This disparity in social attitudes is certainly reflected in the ambivalent feelings held by retired people. (C)
A. ambiguous
B. introvert
C. conflicting
D. elusive
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3e10617785.html,mercial sauerkraut is very salty so there is no additional salt in the recipe. (D)
A. receipt
B. prescription
C. menu
D. formula
10.Retail sales of the quintessential red meats are plummeting, whilst vegetarianism has become
a fashionable norm. (B)
A. ascending
B. decreasing
C. declined
D. weakening
U7
1. Why is competition destructive according to the author? (para. 3)
According to the author, competition is destructive because it undermines self-esteem, poisons relationships and holds us back from doing our best.
2. What are the purposes of the games devised or collected by Orlick and others? (para. 6)
The idea of the games devised or collected by Orlick and others is for each person on the field to make a specified contribution to the goal, or for all the players to reach a certain score, or for everyone to work with their partners against a time limit.
3. What is the difference between teamwork and team competition? (para. 8)
The difference between teamwork and team competition is that in teamwork everyone on the field is working together for a common goal, while in team competition a given player works with and is encouraged to feel warmly toward only half of those present.
4. Why do most kinds of fun require competition? (para. 10, 11, 12)
First of all, people don't know any other way or people have never tasted the alternative. Secondly, we overlook the psychological costs of competition: it causes self-doubt and feelings of self-worth become dependent on external sources of evaluation.
5. Who is to blame for competition?
It is the structure of the game itself that is to blame rather than the individuals, since it sets competition at the very beginning.
1.She has been eliminated from the swimming race because she did not win any of the practice races. (C)
A. got out
B. taking away
C. got rid of
D. driving away
2.One of the major flaws in the existing system is that the prosecutor has immunity from law suits claiming malicious prosecution. (B)
A. useful
B. spiteful
C. harmless
D. cheerful
3.They define a good patient as one who accepts their statements and their actions uncritically and unquestioningly. (A)
A. characterize
B. confine
C. fix
D. limit
4.Roberts' poor physical condition combined with nagging injuries prevented him from playing more than 51 games in the past four seasons. (A)
A. troubling
B. following
C. complaining
D. accompanying
5.Constant correction by a teacher is often counterproductive, as the student may become afraid to speak at all. (C)
A. evil
B. not productive
C. unfavorable
D. hurting
6.For centuries we women have gloated over the one negative aspect of aging more evident in men than women: balding. (B)
A. praised
B. felt maliciously satisfied with
C. felt sorry for
D. expressed great pleasure of
7.In the conducive atmosphere around the fort, General Bradley immediately found out about the plot. (D)
A. good
B. suitable
C. fit
D. favorable
8.It's a story of a harmful dynamic between white prejudice and black autonomy. (C)
A. state of movement
B. political force
C. competing or conflicting system
D. social system
9.Gandhi rejects outright claims made concerning the superior or inferior status of religions. (B)
A. ovreall
B. direct
C. obscure
D. ambiguous
10.My first boss was a really nasty person, who seemed to enjoy making life difficult for everyone.
(C)
A. grave
B. sorrowful
C. ugly
D. pitiful
1.To put a kid like Delia in eight-hour isolation for accepting a cigarette from a friend is bizarre and outrageous. (B)
A. ridiculous
B. violent
C. troublesome
D. controversial
2.Depression remains one of the most prevalent health disorders in the US. (A)
A. common
B. serious
C. evident
D. urgent
3.The next version of the software will have the edge over its competitors. (C)
A. margin
B. fringe
C. advantage
D. progression
4.He's managed to create a niche for himself in local politics. (B)
A. secret corner
B. right position
C. easy stage
D. impressive circumstance
5.There is nothing in the intrinsic nature of the work that makes it more suitable for women. (C)
A. respective
B. hidden
C. essential
D. particular
6.She addressed her young guest with civilities suitable for a personage of advanced years and uncertain appetite. (D)
A. education
B. conduct
C. modesty
D. politeness
7.That cannot be promised here, though a holistic perspective is taken on literary stylistics in addressing science fiction. (C)
A. fragmental
B. critical
C. overall
D. insightful
8.Many observers suggest that this transfer has had mainly adverse effects on the population concerned. (D)
A. insupportable
B. horrible
C. advanced
D. unfavorable
9.Instead, justice is a commodity designed by a hierarchy of judges still dedicated to the interests of Power. (B)
A. attributed
B. devoted
C. attached
D. spent
10.The university suspended the club for two years, during which it could not hold social or athletic activities. (A)
A. stopped
B. hung
C. hamstrung
D. controlled
U10
1. What is the writer's attitude in the sentence "The drive for dominance skews our perception, colors our friendships, shapes our moods and affects our health"? (para. 2)
The author takes a negative attitude. Usually, the verbs color, shape and affect are neutral in indicating meanings, but in this context they express negative meanings.
2. How do you understand the sentence "If the tendency showed up only in certain societies, it would be easier to dismiss as something we learn"? (para. 4)
If the relentless one-upmanship were only limited within very few sample groups, it would be easily neglected because we could only regard that as an exception.
3. In which way do zoologists support the anthropological point on the biologically endowed one-upmanship?
Anthropologists point out that the same pattern can be seen everywhere while the zoologists show a wide variety of animals inferior and superior which illustrate the same pattern too.
4. What are the differences between men being powerful and powerless?
Men who achieve high status enjoy more sex with more partners wheresas men who are just unemployed may lose their marriages as well as self-esteem.
5. In which ways are modern men the same as, and also different from Genghis Khan?
Modern men are the same as Genghis Khan in that they all strive for high status, but different in that modern men tend to rule by consent and try to avoid fighting.
6. Do males always have to fight for power? Why or why not?
Not necessarily, for the most durable leaders are the ones who govern by consent and try to avoid fighting.
1.The man amassed a great fortune during the war, but later lost all of it almost overnight. (A)
A. collected
B. obtained
C. made
D. got
2.Ten federal researchers were listed as contributors, but seven of them quickly disavowed any
connection with it. (D)
A. refused
B. refuted
C. confused
D. denied
3.Industrial labour was at last being regulated, water supplies purified, hospitals sanitised and prisons reformed. (D)
A. changed
B. considered
C. fixed
D. controlled
4.The investment remains beyond reach for many, but the choices today are much broader and more viable than 10 years ago. (D)
A. controversial
B. dirty
C. flexible
D. feasible
5.There is no resolution to this conflict and two sides seem to go to war. (B)
A. decision
B. disagreement
C. action
D. condition
6.The small island is now visited by millions of tourists for its natural endowments of white sandy beaches and clean water. (C)
A. donations
B. qualifications
C. gifts
D. quantities
7.Indeed, the logic of commercialism may lead the enterprise to pursue activities at odds with other government objectives. (B)
A. go into
B. run after
C. strive for
D. carry out
8.First introduced in 1989, Adopt-a-Pet aims to highlight the plight of abandoned animals and encourage more responsible pet ownership.(B)
A. broken
B. deserted
C. run-down
D. stolen
9.As the King got older, he became convinced that his family were scheming against him. (A)
A. plotting
B. planning
C. ordering
D. arguing
10.The Chinese football team outscored its opponent by two balls. (A)
A. overcame
B. outset
C. succeeded
D. won
1.Clinton also asked Glickman to report back within 30 days with recommendations to help alleviate debt problems afflicting cattle producers. (A)
A. ease
B. reduce
C. release
D. issue
2.There was plenty to do on your own doorstep-to look further was a cop-out. (B)
A. taking a risk
B. avoiding responsibility
C. interference
D. over-enthusiasm
3.Then, too, repeated visits to cultural monuments doubtless palled in time, natural curiosity withered by sheer surfeit. (C)
A. over-provision
B. over-arrangements
C. over-doing
D. over-invitation
4.For example, Wilson wanted new recipients to be eligible for aid or only one year, but
Democrats wanted two years. (B)
A. carefully chosen
B. qualified to be chosen
C. elected by Party members
D. promoted by Party leaders
5.It's up to him to show some grit in an uncertain world. (D)
A. resolute determination
B. broad smile
C. firm grasp
D. firm courage
6.You can tell me if there's anything that's worrying you or getting you down. (C)
A. letting you swallow your tears
B. recording you in writing
C. making you depressed
D. telling you to leave the dinner table
7.Farmers still have the problem of overcoming the stigma which all too often young people attach to working on the land. (A)
A. deep feeling of losing face
B. deep feeling of being humiliated
C. part of flower in their crop
D. technique to treat the part of flower
8.At decision-making time these consequences are simply left unmentioned, allowing organizational leaders to feign surprise when qualitative costs finally assert themselves. (A)
A. give a false appearance of
B. show a false impression on
C. pretend a false appearance of
D. deliver a false speech of
9.Anything less than this is a measure of the extent to which the research falls short of scientific standards. (B)
A. fails in
B.
C. collapses in
D. declines in
10.The second was that its atoms of uranium were transmuting themselves into atoms of a different element whose atomic mass was lower. (D)
A. changing in their form
B. changing in their character
C. changing themselves better
D. changing themselves completely
U13
1. How many credit cards does the average American have? 4.
2. What is a "sub-prime" borrower?
People who have a bad credit history.
3. What were the spending habits of people in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? People regarded debt in a very negative way. They always tried to pay off their debts in a timely manner.
4. How has credit card spending changed in the United States since the 1960s?
In the 1960s most borrowers paid off their credit card balances monthly. Since then, many people have amassed credit card debt.
1.For these the primary schools provided a gentle haven before they transferred to the local secondary modern school. (D)
A. harbor
B. heaven
C. oasis
D. sanctuary
2.It also makes specialty parts and accessories, which can be used to spruce up the performance and appearance of existing automobiles. (B)
A. polish up
B. smarten up
C. mark up
D. prop up
3.I knew that faking the tears would make her get a sense of gratification and end the punishment, but I refused. (A)
A. satisfaction
B. emotion
C. qualification
D. indulgence
4.The stigma may not result from associating her language with ignorance, but the unkindness is just as real. (C)
A. situation
B. disagreement
C. disgrace
D. distrust
5.Her eyebrow had received the blow from the torch and had begun to throb; she could feel a trickle of blood. (B)
A. stick
B. movement
C. release
D. leak
6.You should not tell your client to expect that they will automatically experience an aversion response to the imagery of drinking. (D)
A. averting
B. avoidance
C. advertence
D. antipathy
7.Some economists are now predicting the danger of runaway inflation and they see it as a force that human can no longer control. (C)
A. fugitive
B. violent
C. uncontrolled
D. overwhelming
8.Anyone who studied at the college joined an elite band of well-connected lawyers, doctors and businessmen. (A)
A. excellent
B. selected
C. efficient
D. powerful
9.Liz had a more robust notion of the self, and took another line on the individual's place in the structure. (D)
A. fierce
B. vigorous
C. energetic
D. potent
10.His friendship with Fujimori gives him unusual access to a president with a tiny circle of advisers and a penchant for secrecy. (B)
A. desire
B. preference
C. hope
D. wish
1.Firstly, we need to ease the problems of cash shortage and credit crunch to maintain a stable banking system. (B)
A. crush
B. deficiency
C. crackle
D. noise
2.Wholesale markets for agricultural products shall have transaction regulations. (C)
A. operation
B. commerce
C. dealing
D. action
3.The board has decided to withhold part of their grant money from certain students. (B)
A. bear
B. reserve
C. behold
D. observe
4.The remainder of their school time is devoted to music theory, instrumental lessons and practice. (D)
A. balance
B. distribution
C. spending
D. residue
5.We will reimburse the expenses of the advertising for the representative. (A)
A. recoup
B. contribute
C. maintain
D. impose
6.Any application for such extension of contract period shall be made six months before the expiration of the contract. (C)
A. departure
B. exhalation
C. termination
D. inspiration
7.If you work in a company, you usually don't have to go to the tax bureau because your company will deduct it from your salary. (A)
A. subtract
B. deduce
C. derive
D. discount
8.What he said and did involved the bystanders in his dispute with the police. (D)
A. difference
B. challenge
C. collision
D. disagreement
9.You are advised to deposit your valuables in the hotel safe. (C)
A. wedge
B. withdraw
C. lodge
D. fasten
10.She fumbled her purse which contained the address slip. (D)
A. stalk
B. shimmy
C. elusion
D. paper
Unit 1 Communication Across Cultures Reading I Intercultural Communication：An Introduction Comprehension questions 1. Is it still often the case that “everyone?s quick to blame the alien” in the contemporary world? This is still powerful in today…s soc ial and political rhetoric. For instance, it is not uncommon in today…s society to hear people say that most, if not all, of the social and economic problems are caused by minorities and immigrants. 2. What?s the difference between today?s intercultural contact and that of any time in the past? Today…s intercultural encounters are far more numerous and of greater importance than in any time in history. 3. What have made intercultural contact a very common phenomenon in our life today? New technology, in the form of transportation and communication systems, has accelerated intercultural contact; innovative communication systems have encouraged and facilitated cultural interaction; globalization of the economy has brought people together; changes in immigration patterns have also contributed to intercultural encounter. 4. How do you understand the sentence “culture is everything and everywhere”? Culture supplies us with the answers to questions about what the world looks like and how we live and communicate within that world. Culture teaches us how to behave in our life from the instant of birth. It is omnipresent. 5. What are the major elements that directly influence our perception and communication? The three major socio-cultural elements that directly influence perception and communication are cultural values, worldview (religion), and social organizations (family and state). 6. What does one?s family teach him or her while he or she grows up in it? The family teaches the child what the world looks like and his or her place in that world. 7. Why is it impossible to separate our use of language from our culture? Because language is not only a form of preserving culture but also a means of sharing culture. Language is an organized, generally agreed-upon, learned symbol system that is used to represent the experiences within a cultural community. 8. What are the nonverbal behaviors that people can attach meaning to? People can attach meaning to nonverbal behaviors such as gestures, postures, facial expressions,eye contact and gaze, touch, etc. 9. How can a free, culturally diverse society exist? A free, culturally diverse society can exist only if diversity is permitted to flourish without prejudice and discrimination, both of which harm all members of the society. Reading II The Challenge of Globalization Comprehension questions 1. Why does the author say that our understanding of the world has changed? Many things, such as political changes and technological advances, have changed the world very rapidly. In the past most human beings were born, lived, and died within a limited geographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. Such an existence, however, no longer prevails in the world. Thus, all people are faced with the challenge of understanding this
Unit One Task 1 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B Task 2 1.public(c) 2.discipline(b) 3.strength(a) 4.reference(a) 5.strength(d) 6.public(a) 7.demonstrated(b) 8.discipline(c) 9.references(c) 10.personality(a) 11.discipllining(d) 12.demonstrates(a) 13.public(d) 14.reference(b) 15.personality(c) Task 3 1.employment 2.paid 3.adjust 4.setting 5.discouraged 6.credit 7.cite 8.demonstrate 9.teamwork 10.rules Unit Two Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C Task 2 1. bud (n.); budding (adj.) 2. access (n.); access (v.) 3. taste (n.);tasted (v.) 4. fool (n.); fooling (v.) 5. produces (v.); produce (n.) 6. garnish (v.); garnishes (n.) 7. reigns (v.); reign (n.) 8. concern (n.); concerned (v.) 9. named (v.); name (n.) 10. practiced (v.); practice (n.) Task 3 1) integration 2) choice 3) handed 4) aspiring 5) steaming 6) masterpieces 7) pleasure 8) partake 9) amazing 10) presented Unit Three Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A Task 2 1. stack up against 2. struck a chord 3. amounted to 4. chopping off 5. appeal to 6. pick up on 7. turned out 8. fade away 9. brought together 10. pulled off 11. thrust upon 12. be kept clear of Task 3 1) swirling 2) delivered 3) glowed 4) intervals 5) converge 6) wanderings 7) navigate 8) jealousy 9) presence 10) absorbed Unit Four Task 1 1.A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. C Task 2 1. maintained (a) 2. romantic (a)
?第一单元 ?正确答案：1) doubts 2) mascot 3) pride 4) tight 5) gloomy 6) excitement 7) dance 8) met 9) grinning 10) best ?正确答案：1) T 2) F 3) F 4) T 5) F 6) T 7) F 8) T 9) F 10) F ?正确答案：1) C 2) B 3) B 4) D 5) A ?—————————————————————— ?正确答案：1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D 5) A 6) B 7) C 8) A 9) B 10) A 11) D 12) B 13) C 14) A 15) D 16) A 17) A 18) B 19) C 20) D ?正确答案：1) get done with 2) get by 3) wait on 4) took pride in 5) clean up 6) check on 7) come through 8) let out 9) fall between the cracks 10) as it is 11) in the background 12) count on ?正确答案：1) reassured 2) ensure 3) assured 4) insured 5) assure 6) insured 7) Ensure 8) reassured
正确答案：1) playing 2) standing 3) dressed 4) written 5) dancing 6) sitting 第二单元 ?正确答案：1) mature 2) time 3) meeting 4) nurtured 5) holiness 6) haste 7) bragging 8) baggage 9) lust 10) sharing ?正确答案：1) T 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) T 6) F 7) T 8) T 9) T 10) F ?正确答案：1) A 2) D 3) A 4) C 5) B ?正确答案：1) A 2) C 3) B 4) A 5) B 6) C 7) D 8) A 9) A 10) A 11) D 12) C 13) A 14) B 15) A 16) D 17) C 18) A 19) D 20) B ?正确答案：1) jump on the bandwagon 2) In the course of 3) side effect 4) In short 5) hold on 6) in vain 7) fit into 8) give and take 9) a meeting of minds 10) built,on 11) reached for 12) let,loose
初级口语教程,英语口语入门学习材料 篇一：英语口语(一) 江西省南昌市20XX-20XX学年度第一学期期末试卷 （江西师大附中使用）高三理科数学分析 试卷紧扣教材和考试说明，从考生熟悉的基础知识入手，多角度、多层次地考查了学生的数学理性思维能力及对数学本质的理解能力，立足基础，先易后难，难易适中，强调应用，不偏不怪，达到了“考基础、考能力、考素质”的目标。试卷所涉及的知识内容都在考试大纲的范围内，几乎覆盖了高中所学知识的全部重要内容，体现了“重点知识重点考查”的原则。1．回归教材，注重基础 试卷遵循了考查基础知识为主体的原则，尤其是考试说明中的大部分知识点均有涉及，其中应用题与抗战胜利70周年为背景，把爱国主义教育渗透到试题当中，使学生感受到了数学的育才价值，所有这些题目的设计都回归教材和中学教学实际，操作性强。2．适当设置题目难度与区分度 选择题第12题和填空题第16题以及解答题的第21题，都是综合性问题，难度较大，学生不仅要有较强的分析问题和解决问题的能力，以及扎实深厚的数学基本功，而且还要掌握必须的数学思想与方法，否则在有限的时间内，很难完成。3．布局合理，考查全面，着重数学方法和数学思想的考察
在选择题，填空题，解答题和三选一问题中，试卷均对高中数学中的重点内容进行了反复考查。包括函数，三角函数，数列、立体几何、概率统计、解析几何、导数等几大版块问题。这些问题都是以知识为载体，立意于能力，让数学思想方法和数学思维方式贯穿于整个试题的解答过程之中。 二、亮点试题分析 1．【试卷原题】11.已知A,b,c是单位圆上互不相同的三点，且满足Ab?Ac，则AbAc?的最小值为（） ? ? ?? 1 41b．? 23c．? 4D．?1 A．? 【考查方向】本题主要考查了平面向量的线性运算及向量的数量积等知识，是向量与三角的典型综合题。解法较多，属于较难题，得分率较低。 ??? 【易错点】1．不能正确用oA，ob，oc表示其它向量。 ????
Unit 1 Communication Across Cultures need for intercultural communication: New technology; Innovative communication system; Globalization of the economy; Changes in immigration patterns major socio-cultural elements influence communication are: cultural values; worldview(religion); social organization(family and state). behavior: gestures, postures, facial expressions, eye contact and gaze, touch (Chinese people are reluctant to express their disproval openly for fear of making others lose face.) 4. Six stumbling blocks in Intercultural communication (1)Assumption of similarities (2)Language differences (3)Nonverbal misinterpretations (4)Preconception and stereotypes先入之见刻板印象 (5)Tendency to evaluate (6)High anxiety Unit 2 Culture and Communication 1.Characteristics of Culture: Culture is learned; Culture is a set
《英语口语》课程教学大纲 (Oral English) 课程类型：职业能力 课程编号：N051004 适用专业：应用英语专业 先修课程：综合英语、英语视听说 后续课程：英语写作 学分：8 总学时：128学时（实验学时） 教学目的与要求： 本课程的教学目的： 其目的是培养学生英语口头表达和交往能力，使学生能就日常生活中的一般情景进行恰当、流利的交谈，能就所听材料或熟悉题材进行对话、讨论等连贯性发言。 通过本课程的学习达到以下教学要求： 1、知识：学习和巩固英语语言基础知识，包括语音语调、词汇及句型等；在学习语言知识的同 时学习英语国家的文化知识； 2、技能：通过课内外口头练习掌握各种口语表达技能，并学会在不同情景中利用这些技能开展 日常会话交流； 3、能力：培养利用英语进行思维的能力，逐步学会利用得体的语言来表达自己的思想。 本课程的考核方式是：平时成绩50%（出勤10%+课堂表现20%+随堂测验20%）+期末成绩50%（以教师与学生面试为主，面试内容为日常会话、看图说话及情景模拟等）
教学内容与学时安排（第二学期）
绪论 对此届英语专业学生的英语口语上课本系列口语教程突破了以往陈旧的教学模式，选用的教材（如外语教学与研究出版的《新世纪英语口语教程》1、2），是借鉴了功能意念教学和跨文化交际等语言学的研究成果，在各口语教学实践中，师生反映良好，已被很多院校列的口语教材。 重点介绍如何用英语抒发自己的感受，发表评论。如何与他人自然用英语进行专题讨论。 第一章 英语口语课第一阶段，训练学生关于基本日常的一些语境下的交际口语表达，由五大主要板块组成： 一、对话（Conversations) 提供一段或多段体现单元功能的真实跨文化语境下的对话样本，可用于练习听力、模仿和角色扮演，为以下的功能句型学习和练习准备。 二、功能句型（functional devices) 提供最常用的功能表达法。有些功能“句型”并非是完整的句子，而是词或短语。众所周知，
1 Translation 纵观历史，我们可以清楚地看到，人们由于彼此所处地域、意识形态、容貌服饰和行为举止上存在的差异，而长久无法互相理解、无法和睦相处。在这种情况下，跨文化交际作为一个特定的研究领域得以形成和发展。值得注意的是，人类文明在发展过程中所遭受的许多挫折，既是个人的，又是全球性的；人类历史进程总是充满了个人间的直接冲突和民族间的误解——从骂骂咧咧到孤立主义直至到武装冲突，大大小小争端不绝。 很显然，文化间以及亚文化间的交往比以前多了，这迫切要求我们共同努力，去理解有着不同信仰和文化背景的人们，并与之和睦相处。通过加深认识和理解，我们能够与生活方式、价值观念不同的人们和平共处；这不但有益于我们周遭环境的安定，也是维护世界和平的决定性因素。 2 Translation 文化有时候被称为我们的心智程序，我们“头脑的软件”。但是，我们可以进一步引申这个用电脑所做的类比，把文化看作是支持运行的操作环境。文化就像电脑使用的DOS或者Unix或者“视窗”（Windows）等操作系统一样，使我们能在各种各样的实际应用中处理信息。用“视窗”这个比喻来描述文化似乎也很有吸引力。文化就是我们心灵的视窗，透过它我们审视生活的方方面面。一个社会中不同个体的视窗是不大一样的，但都有着一些重要的共同特征。 文化就好像是鱼畅游于其中的水一般，人们想当然地把文化看成是客观存在的事实，因而很少去研究它。文化存在于我们所呼吸的空气之中，文化对于我们了解我们自身之为何物是必不可少的，就正如生命离不开空气一样。文化是特定群体的共有财产，而不单是个体的特征。社会按照文化设定的程序运作，这种程序来自于相似的生活体验以及对这种生活体验之含义的相似阐释。 如果文化是一种心智程序，那么它也是现实的心灵地图。从我们很小的时候开始，文化就告诉我们应该看重什么、偏好什么、规避什么和做些什么，文化还告诉我们事物应该是什么样。文化为我们提供超越个体经验可能的理想典范，帮助我们决定应该优先考虑的人或事。文化为我们建立起行为准则，并视遵守这些准则的行为为正当、合法。 3 Translation 43
Unit 1 愉悦舒适不能指引你领略人生的全部，与逆境的艰苦搏斗常常会使人生变得丰富而有意义。 幸福隐藏的另一面 凯思琳?麦克高恩 1 咫风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击，没人想找上这些事儿。但出人意料的是，很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。他们可能都会这样说:“我希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。” 2 我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学_L的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中:在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。对那些令人极度恐慌的经历作出积极回应的并不仅限于最坚强或最勇敢的人。实际上，大约半数与逆境抗争过的人都说他们的生活从此在某些方面有了改善。 3 诸如此类有关危机改变一生的发现有着可观的研究前景，这正是创伤后成长这一新学科的研究领域。这一新兴领域已经证实了曾经被视为陈词滥调的一个真理:大难不死，意志弥坚。创伤后压力绝不是唯一可能的结果。在遭遇了即使最可怕的经历之后，也只有一小部分成年人会受到长期的心理折磨。更常见的情况是，人们会恢复过来—甚至最终会成功发达。 4 那些经受住苦难打击的人是有关幸福悖论的生动例证:为了尽可能地过上最好的生活，我们所需要的不仅仅是愉悦的感受。我们这个时代的人对幸福的追求已经缩小到只追求福气:一生没有烦恼，没有痛苦和困惑。 5 这种对幸福的平淡定义忽略了问题的主要方面—种富有意义的生活所带来的那种丰富、完整的愉悦。那就是幸福背后隐藏的那种本质—是我们在明智的男男女女身上所欣赏到并渴望在我们自己生活中培育的那种不可言喻的品质。事实证明，一些遭受苦难最多的人-他们被迫全力应付他们未曾预料到的打击，并重新思考他们生活的意义—或许对那种深刻的、给人以强烈满足感的人生经历(哲学家们过去称之为“美好生活”的探寻)最有发言权。 6 这种对美好生活的更为广泛的定义把深深的满足感和一种通过移情与他人建立的深切联系融合在一起。它主要受愉悦情感的支配，但同时也夹杂着惆怅和悔恨。密苏里大学哥伦比亚分校的心理学家劳拉?金认为:“幸福仅仅是许许多多人生价值中的一种。”慈悲、智慧、无私、洞察力及创造力—有时只有经历逆境的考验才能培育这些品质，因为有时只有极端的情形才能迫使我们去承受痛苦的改变过程。只过安宁的、无忧无虑的生活是不足以体验一段完整的人生的。我们也需要成长-尽管有时成长是痛苦的。 7 在纽约市皇后区一间漆黑的房间里，31岁的时装设计师特蕾西?塞尔感到自己奄奄一息。就在几个月前，她已经停止服用控制她关节炎的强效免疫抑制药。她从没预见到接下来将要发生的事:停药之后的反应最终使她全身剧烈疼痛，神经系统出现严重问题。最轻微的动作—比如说试着吞咽—对她来说也痛苦不堪。甚至将脸压在枕头上也几乎难以忍受。 8 塞尔并不是懦弱的人。她在两岁时就被诊断得了幼年型类风湿性关节炎，一生都在忍受着病症和治疗(药物、手术)的折磨。但是这一次，她实在不堪忍受了，
Unit 9 Intercultural Adaptation Some Ideas Related to Culture Shock and Adaptation Strategies 1. Culture Shock What is culture shock Culture shock is a common experience of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. It refers to phenomena ranging from mild irritability to deep psychological panic and crisis. It is associated with feelings in the person of estrangement (being unfriendly or hostile to others; alienation), anger, hostility, indecision, frustration, unhappiness, sadness, loneliness, homesickness, and even physical illness. The person undergoing culture shock views his new world out of resentment, and alternates between being angry at others for not understanding him and being filled with self-pity. Culture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols or social contact. Those cues or sighs include various ways in which we adapt ourselves to the situation of daily life: When to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to buy things, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. These cues, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, or customs, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the
第一单元 “一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’！这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。 “Business happens 24/7/365, which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well,” says Haut. “One way that companies win is by getting …there? faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move q uickly, but you have to know how t o decide where …there? is! This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions. This needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management.” 最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼的律师们来说，当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时，便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。 Lastly, professional status encompasses adherence to ethical standards. Most lawyers find self worth in setting an example—both within the profession and within the larger society—as ethical actors. When management affirms the special respect due to lawyers who act with the utmost integrity and civility in all of their professional dealings, it provides yet another form of compensation. 第四单元 很多研究发现婴儿获得关爱的质量会影响到他们以后的交友，在学校的表现，如何应对陌生的或可能充满压力的情况，以及他们成年后如何建立并且维系情感连系。正是因为这些原因，人们与家庭成员的早期亲密关系才如此至关重要。在人情冷漠的环境中(如孤儿院，某些寄养家庭，或缺乏关爱的家庭)长大的孩子会出现情感和社会性发育不良，语言和运动技能迟缓，以及精神健康问题。Much research shows that the quality of care infants receive affects how they later get along with friends, how well they do in school, how they react to new and possibly stressful situations, and how they form and maintain loving relationships as adults. It is for these reasons thatpeople's early intimate relationships within their family of origin1 are so critical. Children who are raised in impersonal environments (orphanage, some foster homes, or unloving families) show emotional and social underdevelopment, language and motor skills retardation, and mental health problems. 一开始让人相互吸引的是什么?许多人相信“世上有一个人是你为之而生的”，而且命运会将你俩带到一起。这样的想法很浪漫却不现实。实证研究发现，是文化标准和价值观而非命运，将人们连系在一起。我们错过了成千上万的可能的爱人，因为他们早就被正式的或非正式的挑选理想爱人的准则筛选出局，这些准则包括年龄、种族、地域、社会阶层、宗教、性倾向、健康状况或外表。 What attracts individuals to each other in the first place? Many people believe that "there's one person out there that one is meant for" and that destiny will bring them together. Such beliefs are romantic but unrealistic. Empirical studies show that cultural norms and values, not fate, bring people together We will never meet millions of potential lovers because they are "filtered out" by formal or informal rules on partner eligibility due ton factors such as age, race, distance, Social class, religion, sexual orientation, health, or physical appearanc e. 第五单元 做瑜伽没有场地的限制，一套瑜伽动作通常需要20 分钟到两个小时或者更多的时间，而一个小时左右的时间则是一系列动作和冥想的最佳选择。根据瑜伽师和学派的不同，一些瑜伽动作做起来辛苦异常，而另一些却只是在呼吸和心跳平稳的情况下调整和伸展肢体。每天练习瑜伽会达到最好的效果，随着动作越来越熟练，你就可以加大强度和难度这样瑜伽就能成为你相伴终生的日常锻炼方式了。练习基础的瑜伽动作即可收到增强力量，改善柔韧性并使人感到舒适的效果，但要想达到完美和高深的境界还是需要日积月累的练习，这也是瑜伽吸引人的地方之一。 Yoga routines can take anywhere from 20 minutes to two or more hours, with one hour being a good time investment to perform a sequence of postures and a meditation. Some yoga routines, depending on the teacher and school, can be as strenuous as the most difficult workout, and some routines merely stretch and align the body while the breath and heart rate are kept slow and steady. Yoga achieves its best results when it is practiced as a daily discipline, and yoga can be a life-long exercise routine, offering deeper and more challenging positions as a practitioner becomes more adept. The basic positions can increase a person?s strength, flexibility and sense of well-being almost immediately, but it can take years to perfect and deepen them, which is an appealing and stimulating aspect of yoga for many. 第七单元 人性的恒定性是众所周知的，因为没有人相信一个人能够从根本上改变他的本性。这就是为什么一个恶名远扬的人很难重建公众对他的信心。人们凭经验知道某一年中表现出无赖性格的人不太可能在第二年有任何改观。小偷也不会变成值得信赖的员工。吝
中文：行不通。 Topic2、It won't happen again. 中文：下不为例。 Topic3、I've got a headache. 中文：我头痛。 Topic4、I'm crazy bout English. 中文：我非常喜欢英语。 Topic5、Can you give me some feedback? 中文：你能给我一些建议吗？ Topic6、I'm sorry to hear that. 中文：听到这个消息我感到遗憾。 Topic7、Pain past is pleasure. 中文：过去的痛苦即是快乐。 Topic8、It's up to you. 中文：一切由你决定。 Topic9、Keep up the good work. 中文：再接再厉。 Topic10、I apologize. 中文：我很抱歉。 Topic11、May I have your name, please? 中文：请问你叫什么名字？ Topic12、Keep the change. 中文：不用找了。 Topic13、It's a nice day today. 中文：今天天气很好。 Topic14、It's awesome. 中文：棒极了! Topic15、Let's hope for the best. 中文：让我们往好处想吧。 Topic16、Can I take a message? 中文：要我传话吗？ Topic17、Can you give me a wake-up call? 中文：你能打电话叫醒我吗？ Topic18、I'd like a refund. 中文：我想要退款。 Topic19、It takes time. 中文：这需要时间。
教案课程名称大学英语 1
教案书写规范与要求 一、以每次课为一个备课单元书写。 二、每一备课单元书写下列内容： 1.周次、课次、授课时间、章节名称； 2.简要说明：教学目的、重点、难点、教学方法和授课手段（包 括与课程相关的上机和实验、课件制作等）； 3.教学主要内容（教案主体）及教学方法手段； 4.作业内容。 注：其余授课电子版文件待本课程结束后，交教务处统一刻成光盘存档。
大学英语 1课程授课总体计划书 课程《新编大学实用英语英语教程》林立总主编教育科学出版社2011 年 7 月第一次出版 采用 教材 教本课程是学校每个专业的必修课，也是各个专业学生学习高等英语教育的必备。 本教材严格按照教育部颁布的《高等学校英语应用能力考试大纲》和《高职高 学专教育英语课程教学基本要求》进行编写。教学过程中，不仅要结合专业基础 目知识的增强，还需提高学生的实际应用能力。使学生得到听、说、读、写、译的提高。通过本教材的学习，学生们应该具备套用口语句型的基本口语交流； 的在工具书的辅助下翻译基本的英文句子和文段；基础日程英文写作的掌握等一系列基础英语应用能力，以适应未来社会发展和个人职业规划的需求。 教材共分为四册，对于内容的难度的梯度都进行了较为科学的设置。文章以一 般性阅读材料为主，在文章的长度和生词量的设计上梯次递进。在课文长度的 安排上，第一册分 8 个单元，每篇课文 300 字左右；第二册分 10 个单元，每篇 教课文 400 字左右；第三册分 10 个单元，每篇课文500 字左右；第四册分为 10 学个单元，每篇课文 600 字左右。难度也相应的由浅入深。在高中水平的基础上，（从第一册开始，逐步达到高度学校英语应用能力考试(Practical English Test for 包Colleges) B 级水平，从第二册第六单元开始逐步过渡到高等学校英语应用能力 括考试 A 级水平，第三册达到 A 级水平，第四册达到大学英语(非英语专业 )四级实水平。 践通过教学，提高学生基本的语言掌握和运用能力，尤其是实际运用的能力。随着教学的深入，学生需要达到的水平是： 环 （ 1）听：听懂基本的对话，和短的成段的文字。在整体理解听力材料的基础上， 节 提取特定信息完成练习和应对考试； ） （ 2）说：能应对基本的口语对话和交流，以应对最基本的日常生活或者工作的 基 要求。 本 （ 3）读：掌握基本的阅读技巧，在高中的基础上提高阅读水平。通过课文学习，要同时课后适当补充一定的课外阅读材料，可以完成日常基本的阅读训练，培养 求阅读兴趣，提高阅读能力。 （4）写：运用基本的词汇语法完成基本的英文写作，掌握基本的英文写作格式和 表达习惯，同时能够完成英文的基本情况的表格填写。能够表达清楚，语句 基本通顺，无重大语法错误，有恰当的格式。
作文 1. Recent years, with the development of our economic, the gap of urban-rural development has reduced to some extent. However, some disparities still exist. Compared with city dwellers, rural residents are used to filling up and eating much meat. City dwellers pay more attention to the balance of nutrition. In the way of dressing, people living in urban city often pursue brands, fashion and colors. On contrary, people who live in country dress just for dress. On education, we can easily find that urban students own better and richer hardware and software resource. Besides, they can get in touch with various knowledge and cultures. Rural students, most of them, get textbook knowledge only coming from teachers. However,Cities are a hub for industrialization. There are more factories and businesses, making the areas more polluted. Additionally, the increased population in cities makes the ground more likely to be marred by litter and heavy use.Generally, the convenience of cities makes them costlier.City living may reduce the need for a car,live in smaller living spaces, In contrast, the upkeep of larger country homes may require more natural resources. These are just a few differences between them. We should make great efforts to reduce the gap and make a contribution to rural development. Then China will become strengthened. 2. Last year, I traveled to shan xi province with my friend. As we all know the most distinguishing cate in shan xi is flour-made dishes. Y et, among them, I’am most impressed with glass dumplings. Generally speaking, a glass dumpling is three or four times the size of a common dumpling. From its transparent skin, we can clearly see what stuff is filled. Its skin often is made with naked oats and starch. As for stuffing, it depends on your taste. If you like vegetables, you can add in tomatoes, carrots,chives,black fungus and some spice. If you like meat, OK, you can add in meat. After steaming about 30minutes, the delicious dish is fine which has various ways of eating, for example, dipping broth, dipping vinegar or having it directly. Have a bite and you will find it flexible chewy. Glass dumplings are not only toothsome, but are healthy on account of containing DF. Eating more grain roughage can promote balanced nutrition. So I like glass dumplings best! 3. In modern times, people have more and more kinds of entertainments. It’s not enough to take simple and common activities. Dangerous sports and other dangerous activities are popular with people, like bungee jumping, climbing snow bergs, etc. But why do people like these items? I think being under severe stress is a main reason. Only in these ways can they relax themselves, abreacting mood and take their mind off their work for the moment. In addition, there are some people liking exploring, and they are eager to be close to nature. Doing these items will increase their knowledge, richening life experience, expanding their horizons and open mind. Surly, a part of youths just seek excitement and danger, believing that nothing can stop them and life should be colorful.