Unit 1
How to Study
There is a lot of misunderstanding about studying. Most students have not been taught the principles behind really effective working. Imagine a graph showing the amount a person learns against the number of hours he works in a day. If he doesn't do any work, he learns nothing (point 0). If he does an hour 's work he learns a certain amount (point 1). If he does two hours' work he learns about twice as much (point 2). If he does more work he'll learn still more (point 3). However, if he tries to do twenty-three and a half hours' work in one day, he'll be so tired that he'll hardly remember anything: what he learns will be very little (point 4). If he did less work he 'd learn more (point 5).
Now whatever the exact shape of the graph 's curve, made by joining these points, it must have a high point. Point "X" is the very maximum anyone can learn in the day. And this represents the optimum, the best, amount of work to do. It is the best possible compromise between adequate time at the books and fatigue. Fatigue is an absolutely real thing; one can't escape it or ignore it. If you try to ignore it and press yourself to work past the optimum, you will only get on this downward slope and achieve less than the best—and then become very tired and lose your power of concentration.
The skill in being a student consists of getting one 's daily study as near the optimum point as possible. I cannot tell you what the optimum is. It differs with the type of work, it differs from person to person, and even in the same person it varies from week to week. You must try to find your own. Every day you study, bear this principle of the optimum in mind. When you feel yourself getting fatigued, if you find yourself reading the same paragraph over and over again and not taking it in, that's a pretty good sign you 've reached your highest point for the day and should stop. Most ordinary students find their optimum at about five hours a day. Yours may be a little more or a little less—but if you get in five hours' good work a day, you will be doing well.
Now, what are you doing with yourself when you aren't working? Before examinations some students do nothing at all except sit in a chair and worry. Here is another misunderstanding. People often think that the mind works like the body; it does not. If one wanted to save one 's physical energy in order to cut the maximum amount of firewood, one would lie flat on a bed and rest when one wasn't chopping. But the mind cannot rest. Even in sleep you dream, even if you forget your dreams. The mind is always turning. It gets its relaxation only by variety. That is what makes the mind rest.
When you 've finished your optimum number of hours you must stop. You must not then sit around in the chair thinking about the work—that only tires without any learning. You must get out and do something. It doesn't matter what—anything so long as you are actively doing something else but work.
有一个关于学习有许多误解。大多数学生都没有真正有效的背后教工作的原则。想象一下，一个图表显示的数额一人对他的小时数在一天工作学习。如果他没有做任何工作，他学习什么（点0）。如果他没有一小时的工作，他学到一定数额（第1点）。如果他做了两小时的工作，他知道了两倍多（2点）。如果他做更多的工作，他将学习更多的（3点）。不过，如果他试图做23个半小时的工作，有一天，他会因为太累了，他会很难记住任何东西：他学习将是非常小（4点）。如果他这样做较少的工作，他倒是学到更多（5点）。
现在，无论在图形的曲线精确形状，由这些点连接了，它必须有一个高点。点“X”是任何人都可以学习很最高的一天。这代表了最佳，最好的，要做大量的工作。这是最好的可能的妥协之间有充分的时间在书籍和疲劳。疲劳是绝对真实的东西，一个无法逃避它或忽略它。如果你试图忽略它，然后按自己过去工作的最佳，也只获得这个走下坡路，实现比最好的，然后变得非常疲倦，失去你的集中力不足。
在当学生的技能获得一个'S作为由尽可能接近最佳点的日常学习。我不能告诉你什么是最佳的。它与不同类型的工作，它不同于他人的人，即使在同一人有异，从一周到一周。你必须努力去发现你自己的。每天你学习，牢记这个优化的原则。当你觉得自己越来越疲惫，如果你发现自己阅读同一段一遍又一遍，不肯接受它，这是一个非常好的迹象你'维生素E达到了当天的最高点，应该停止。最普通的学生发现在大约5个小时，每天的优化。你可能会多一点还是少一点，但如果你在5个小时的工作，取得良好的一天，你会做得很好。
现在，什么是你自己做时，你不工作吗？一些学生考试前什么也不做，除了坐在椅子上和担心。这里是另一个误解。人们往往认为，思想就如同身体的工程，它不是。如果有人想挽救一个人的身体能量，以减少对木柴的最高限额，一会平躺在床上休息时，一不砍。但头脑不能休息。即使在睡觉你的梦想，即使你忘了你的梦想。心是永远转动。它以品种，仅得到了缓和。这就是使身心得到休息。
当你已经做完你的时间的最佳数目你必须停止。你不能再坐在椅子上的思考的工作，没有任何学习的唯一轮胎。你一定要出来做一点事。这并不重要，任何事情只要你干点别的什么，但积极的工作。
Learning to Keep Y ou Cool During T ests
Have you ever felt so anxious during an examination that you couldn't even put down the answers you knew? If so, you were suffering from what is known as test anxiety.
According to psychologist Ralph Trimble, test anxiety is a very real problem for many people. When you 're worried over your performance on an exam, your heart beats faster and your pulse speeds up. These reactions start others: You may sweat more than normal or suffer from a stomachache or headache. Your field of vision narrows and becomes tunnel-like. Before you know it, you 're having difficulty focusing.
"What I hear students say over and over again," says Dr. Trimble, who is working at the Psychological and Counseling Center at the University of Illinois, "is, 'My mind went blank.'"
For a number of years, Dr. Trimble helped many students learn how to perform better during exams and to bring up their grades. Some of these students were interested in sharing what they learned and, with Trimble 's help, began holding workshops on overcoming test anxiety. For many students, just being in a workshop with other sufferers made them feel better. They realized that they were not the only ones who had done poorly on tests because of tension.
The workshops were so successful that they are still given.
In the workshops, students are taught that anxiety is normal. You just have to prevent it from getting the best of you. The first step is to learn to relax. If before or during an examination you start to panic, stretch as hard as you can, tensing the muscles in your arms and legs; then suddenly relax all of them.
This will help relieve tension. But keep in mind that you don't want to be too relaxed. Being completely relaxed is no better than being too tense. "If you are so calm you don't care how you do on an examination, you won't do well," Trimble says. "There is an optimum level of concern when you perform at your best. Some stress helps. There are people who can't take even slight stress. They have to learn that in a challenging situation, being anxiously excited is good and will help them to do better. But if they call it anxiety and say, 'It's going to hit me again,' that will make them nervous and worried."
As a student you must also realize that if you leave too much studying until a day or two before the examination, you can't do the impossible and learn it all. Instead, concentrate on what you can do and try to think what questions are likely to be asked and what you can do in the time left for studying.
When you sit down to study, set a moderate pace and vary it by reading, writing notes, and going over any papers you have already written for the course, as well as the textbooks and notes you took in class. Review what you know. Take breaks and go to sleep early enough to get a good night 's rest before the exam. You should also eat a moderate breakfast or lunch, avoiding drinks like coffee and stay away from fellow students who get tense. Panic spreads easily.
Get to the exam room a few minutes early so that you will have a chance to familiarize yourself with the surroundings and get out your supplies. When the examination is handed out, read the directions twice and underline the significant instructions, making sure you understand them. Ask the teacher to explain if you don't. First answer the easiest questions, then go back to the more difficult.
On essay questions, instead of starting right away, take a few minutes to organize your thoughts, make a brief outline, and then start off with a summary sentence. Keep working steadily, and even when time starts to run out, don't speed up.
你们可曾想过在一个考试，你甚至不能放下手中的答案你知道这样紧张？如果是这样，你的痛苦，什么是已知的考试焦虑。
据心理学家拉尔夫特林布尔，考试焦虑是对许多人来说是非常现实的问题。当你'再对你的考试成绩担心，你的心跳加速，脉搏加快。这些反应开始别人：你可能出汗多正常或患有胃痛或头痛。您的视野变窄，成为隧道等。你知道它之前，你'再有困难的重点。
“我听到学生说一遍又一遍，”博士说特林布尔，谁是在心理与咨商在美国伊利诺斯大学的中心工作，“是，'我的脑子里一片空白。”
对于一些年来，博士特林布尔帮助了很多学生学习过程中如何更好地履行考试和造就他们的成绩。这些人在分享他们的经验和与Trimble的帮助下，一些有兴趣的学生，开始举办讲习班上克服考试焦虑。对于很多学生来说，只是在与其他患者车间正在使他们感觉更好。他们意识到，他们不是谁做了，因为紧张的测试，只有不好的。
这些讲习班是如此成功，他们仍然获得。
在工作坊中，学生告诉我们，焦虑是正常的。你一定要阻止你得到最好的。第一步是要学会
放松。如果在考试之前或您开始恐慌，拉伸和你们一样硬可以，绷紧的手臂和腿部的肌肉，然后突然放松他们。
这将有助于缓解紧张局势。但是要记住，你不想过于宽松。他们完全放松，没有更好的比过于紧张。“如果你是如此平静你不关心你如何做一个检查，你不会做得很好，”特林布尔说。“有一个令人关注的最佳水平，当您在您的最佳演出。减压有些压力帮助。有些人谁也不能稍有压力。他们必须知道，在一个充满挑战的情况下，正在焦急地兴奋是一件好事，将帮助他们做得更好。但如果他们称之为焦虑地说，'这将再次打我，'这将令他们紧张和忧虑。“ 作为一个学生，你还必须认识到，如果你离开太多，直到考试前一天或两个学习，你不能这样做不可能，学习一切。相反，你可以专注于做去想想有什么问题可能要问，哪些是你可以在左侧的学习时间。
当你坐下来学习，设置一个温和的步伐，改变它通过读，写笔记，并准备在任何你已经写论文的过程，以及课本和笔记你在课堂上宣读。回顾一下你知道。以休息和睡觉及早得到一夜好考试前的休息。你也应该吃早餐或午餐适中，避免像咖啡饮料，远离同学谁紧张了。传播很容易恐慌。
到达考场提早几分钟，这样您将有机会了解自己和周围的环境得到了你的供应。当检查发放，阅读的方向，并强调了两次重要指示，确保你理解他们。请老师解释，如果你不知道。首先回答最简单的问题，然后再返回到更困难。
关于论文的问题，而不是马上开始，花几分钟时间来组织你的思想，作简短的提纲，然后启动一个摘要句子了。保持工作稳定，甚至开始时，时间用完了，也不会加快。
Paying Y our Way
There were red faces at one of Britain 's biggest banks recently. They had accepted a telephone order to buy? 100,000 worth of shares from a fifteen-year-old schoolboy (they thought he was twenty-one). The shares fell in value and the schoolboy was unable to pay up. The bank lost ￡ 20,000 on the deal which it cannot get back because, for one thing, this young speculator does not have the money and, for another, being under eighteen, he is not legally liable for his debts. If the shares had risen in value by the same amount that they fell, he would have pocketed ￡ 20,000 profit. Not bad for a fifteen-year-old. It certainly is better than delivering the morning newspaper. In another recent case, a boy of fourteen found, in his grandmother 's house, a suitcase full of foreign banknotes. The clean, crisp, banknotes looked very convincing but they were now not used in their country of origin or anywhere else. This young boy headed straight to the nearest bank with his pockets filled with notes. The cashiers did not realise that the country in question had reduced the value of its currency by 90 %. They exchanged the notes at their face value at the current exchange rate. In three days, before he was found out, he took ￡ 200,000 from nine different banks. Amazingly, he had already spent more than half of this on taxi-rides, restaurant meals, concert tickets and presents for his many new girlfriends (at least he was generous!) before the police caught up with him. Because he is also under eighteen the banks have kissed goodbye to a lot of money, and several cashiers have lost their jobs.
Should we admire these youngsters for being enterprising and showing initiative or condemn them for their dishonesty? Maybe they had managed for years with tiny amounts of pocket money that they got from tight-fisted parents. Maybe they had done Saturday jobs for peanuts. It is hardly surprising, given the expensive things that young people want to buy, such
as fashionable running shoes and computer games, if they sometimes think up more imaginative ways of making money than delivering newspapers and baby-sitting. These lads saw the chance to make a lot of money and took it.
Another recent story which should give us food for thought is the case of the man who paid his six-year-old daughter ￡ 300 a week pocket money. He then charged her for the food she ate and for her share of the rent and household bills. After paying for all this, she was left with a few coins for her piggy bank. "She will soon learn the value of money," he said. "There's no such thing as a free lunch. Everything has to be paid for and the sooner she learns that the better." At the other extreme there are fond parents who provide free bed and board for their grown-up children. While even the most hard-hearted parents might hesitate to throw their children out on the streets, we all know of people in their late twenties who still shamelessly live off their parents. Surely there comes a time when everyone has to leave the parental nest, look after themselves and pay their own way in life. But when is it?
有红色的面孔在英国最大的银行之一最近。他们接受了电话订购买？10万美元的股票从一个15岁的小学生（他们以为他是21）。的股票价值下跌和小学生无法付款。该银行损失了交易，是因为它不能获得，一方面是回2万英镑，这个年轻的投机者没有钱，另一个，未满18岁的存在，他不是法律上为他的债务承担责任。如果股票价值已经上升了相同数额，他们摔倒，他将有2万英镑的利润中饱私囊。不坏的一个15岁。这当然是比早晨的报纸提供更好的。在最近的另一个例子，一个十四岁的男孩在他的祖母，家，一个手提箱的外国纸币爆满。在干净，清爽，钞票看起来很有说服力，但他们现在并不在他们的原籍国或其他任何地方使用。这位年轻男孩直奔与笔记充满了他的口袋到最近的银行。收银员没有意识到，在有关国家已减少了90％，其货币价值。他们交换了其面值按目前汇率的说明。在3天前，他被发现了，他把20万英镑从9个不同的银行。令人惊讶的是，他已经花了更多的出租车乘坐，餐厅用餐，演唱会门票，并提出了许多新的女朋友，他赶上了他，前警察（至少他是慷慨！）高于今年上半年。因为他还未满18岁的银行有亲吻告别了很多钱，一些收银员也失去了工作。
如果我们很佩服正在积极进取，显示出他们的不诚实行为或谴责他们这些青少年？也许他们已设法与他们的零用钱从吝啬父母微量年了。也许他们已经做了花生星期六工作。这是不足为奇的，因为，年轻人们希望购买如时尚跑鞋和电脑游戏，有时会觉得如果他们作出了比送报纸和保姆的钱更富有想象力的办法昂贵的东西。这些小伙子们看到了机会，使了很多钱，把它。
最近的另一个故事，应该让我们深思，是谁付的男子，他6岁的女儿每周300英镑的零用钱案件。然后，他被控为食品她，她吃了她的租金和家庭支出的份额。经过这一切付出，她留下了她的存钱罐几个硬币。“她很快就会知道钱的价值，”他说。“天下没有免费的午餐。一切这样的事情，必须支付，而且越快越好，她得知。”在极端情况下还有谁喜欢其他家长为他们长大的儿童提供免费膳宿。而即使是最硬心肠的父母可能会毫不犹豫地扔在街头的儿童中，大家都知道的人谁在20年代末还无耻地住了他们的父母。毫无疑问，我们来的时候，每个人要离开父母的羽翼，照顾自己，付出自己的方式生活。但是什么时候？
The Day I Went to Open a Bank Account
I don't know why my father never liked banks. Every time we passed one he would frown and walk just a little faster to get past it just that little bit quicker. It seems to me there must have been a big collision between a bank and my father a long time ago before I knew anything about anything. That is, it may have been a big collision for my father but it was one that the bank almost certainly did not remember.
That's how I was brought up. Forever walking quickly past banks. Perhaps I took on my father 's opinions as I took on his other unusual behavior. I quickly learnt to frown and walk just a little bit faster every time I passed a bank. I also learnt to fear the shiny steel and chrome counters and the trim, slim and smartly dressed young women who sat behind them.
I never understood the necessity for banks until, at the end of my first month as a clerk in an office, I was handed a check for $ 1,500, I stared at it in great surprise. I had never seen such a thing before. I understood cash well enough but this long slip of paper was something I wasn't quite sure about.
"Everything all right?" asked Mrs. Smith, our accounts manager. "Yes ... yes!" I said and signed for it hurriedly. What on earth was I going to do? I knew too well what I had to do and my heart dropped at the thought. I had to open a bank account.
For some reason I thought you had to talk to the manager of a bank before they would let you open an account. I went up to an empty counter and caught the eye of a bank clerk.
"Yes? Can I help you?" he asked.
"Yes please," I said, "I 'd like a word with the manager. If that's possible;"
He looked surprised but asked me to wait and went off.
The manager was younger than I expected and was clearly very busy.
"Yes. Can I help you?" he asked.
"Yes. I 'd like to talk to you. If you don't mind," I said. I was just as surprised as he was at the confident manner in which I spoke. I didn't know what to say next so I said nothing. For a moment neither of us said anything.
He must have understood that I wished to see him alone, for he invited me into his office and offered me a large comfortable seat.
"Now, then, sir. What can I do for you?" he asked, clearly puzzled.
"I would like to open a bank account," I informed him.
"I see," he said, nodding his head slowly," And how much do you wish to deposit in this account?"
"I wish to deposit this," I said and handed him the check.
He examined the check carefully before handing it back to me.
"A savings account?" he asked.
I nodded.
"Please follow me."
He led me out of his office back to the banking hall. There he took me to a large desk manned by a young lady by the name of "Candice Lee"—as I saw from the name card on the desk.
"This lady will help you open a savings account in which you can deposit your check for $ 1500," he said in a voice that was, I felt, a bit louder than absolutely necessary. "Good day, sir," he said and walked back to safety behind the barrier.
I waited. Miss Lee filled out forms for me and I signed them. She stamped them. She made me sign a little strip of plastic and she fixed this inside a little red book. She put the check in and back came the book with the right amount printed in it. It was at that moment that I realised I needed to withdraw some money and I asked how this might be achieved.
"I 'm afraid you can't withdraw it for two days, sir. Not until the check has been cleared."
I stared at her in great surprise. I was trusting her bank with my money. It seemed only fair that they should trust my check.
"What?" I said in shock. "What!!?" I burst out angrily. Silence fell over the entire bank as everyone turned to see what was happening. I decided to leave with my self-respect safe and sound.
"If you do not trust my check, would you be so kind as to return it immediately. Your passbook," I said as confidently as I could. Miss Lee seemed really surprised. The bank manager must have been listening to every word. He came out once again from behind the barriers of steel and chrome. He held my check by a corner and presented it to me as if it were a wet fish. I handed him his little red pass book in a similar fashion, turned around and left. As the doors closed behind me, I clearly heard the sound of laughter.
The accounts department and I have managed to come to an arrangement about the way in which my salary is paid to me at the end of each month. I now keep my savings in a sock, as did my father before me, which I hide, as did my father before me, under my bed at home.
我不知道为什么我的父亲从来不喜欢银行。每当我们经过一，他会皱眉，然后步行一点点过去更快地得到它只是有点快。在我看来，一定有一个很久以前银行之间的大碰撞和我的父亲我才知道什么事情。也就是说，它可能是我父亲的大碰撞，但它是一个银行，几乎可以肯定不记得。
这就是我长大。永远走很快过去银行。也许我把我父亲的意见，我对他的其他异常行为发生。我很快就学会了皱眉，步行只是一点点快，每次我经过一家银行。我还学会了害怕闪亮钢和铬柜台和装饰，纤细，穿着整齐谁背后骑上年轻妇女。
我永远无法理解的是银行的必要性，直到在我的第一个月作为一个办公室文员结束时，我交了1500美元支票，我盯着它看很惊讶。我从来没有见过这样的事情之前。我理解现金不够好，但这种纸张的长条是什么我不十分清楚了。
“一切都还好吗？”问史密斯太太，我们的帐户经理。“是...是的！”我说的，因为它签署匆匆。究竟什么是我该怎么办？我深知，我必须做什么，心里在想下降。我必须开立银行帐户。出于某种原因，我以为你说话，然后才让你开一个帐户，银行经理。我走到一个空柜台，引起了银行职员的眼睛。
“是吗？我可以帮你吗？”他问道。
“是请，”我说，“我就像一个与经理字D。如果这是可能的;”
他看起来非常吃惊，但让我等待和走了。
年轻的经理比我预期，显然是十分繁忙。
“是的。我能帮你吗？”他问道。
“是的。我想和你谈谈。如果你不介意，”我说。我只是感到很惊讶，因为他在自信地在我发言了。我不知道该说什么了，所以我没有说什么。对于一个时刻，我们谁也不说什么。
他必须明白，我希望看到他一个人，因为他邀请我到他的办公室，并给了我一大舒适的座位。“现在，那么，先生。我能为您做点什么？”他问，明确疑惑。
“我想开一个银行帐户，”我告诉他。
“我明白了，”他说，他的头慢慢地点头道：“你想多少钱存入此帐户？”
“我想存这一点，”我说，交给他的支票。
他仔细地检查，然后交给给我送过来检查。
“一个储蓄帐户吗？”他问道。
我点了点头。
“请跟我来。”
他带领我走出他的办公室回到银行大厅。在那里，他带我去一个大桌子由一个由年轻女子的名字载人“康迪斯李”，因为我看到书桌上的名片。
“这或许会帮你开一个储蓄帐户，你可以把你的1500美元支票，”他说，在一个声音的时候，我觉得，有点胜于绝对必要的。“你好，先生，”他说，走回背后的安全屏障。
我等待着。李小姐为我填写表格和我签了字。她盖上他们。厍签署了我的塑料小地带和她定在一个小红书的。她把在检查和背部出现了与印有适量的书。正是在那一刻，我意识到我需要收回一些钱，我问这如何可能实现。
“我怕你不能撤回两天，先生。直到支票已被清除。”
我看着她很惊讶。我是信任我的钱她的银行。似乎只有公平的，他们应该相信我的支票。“什么？”我在震惊。“什么！？”我愤怒地爆发出来。沉默下降了全行大家都转过身来，要看是怎么回事。我决定离开我的自尊安然无恙。
“如果你不相信我的支票，你会这么好心地立即返回。您的存折，”当时我说我可以满怀信心。李小姐似乎感到很惊讶。银行经理必须一直在听每一个字。他出来再次从后面的钢和铬的障碍。他拉着我的一个角落里检查，并提交给我，就好像它是一个湿鱼。我递给他以类似的方式传递他的小红书，转身走了。由于我身后的门关闭，我清楚地听到了笑声。
账目管理部门和我来一个关于我的工资中支付在每月月底向我这样的安排。我现在保存在我的储蓄袜子一样，我父亲在我面前，我隐藏，就像我的父亲在我面前我的床，在家里。
Unit 2
Remembering My Grandparents
When memory began for me, my grandfather was past sixty—a great tall man with thick hair becoming gray. He had black eyes and a straight nose which ended in a slightly flattened tip. Once he explained seriously to me that he got that flattened tip as a small child when he fell down and stepped on his nose.
The little marks of laughter at the corners of his eyes were the product of a kindly and humorous nature. The years of work which had bent his shoulders had never dulled his humor nor his love of a joke. Everywhere he went, "Gramp" made friends easily. At the end of half an hour you felt you had known him all your life. I soon learned that he hated to give orders, but that when he had to, he tried to make his orders sound like suggestions.
One July morning, as he was leaving to go to the cornfield, he said, "Edwin, you can pick up the potatoes in the field today if you want to do that." Then he drove away with his horses.
The day passed, and I did not have any desire to pick up potatoes. Evening came and the potatoes were still in the field. Gramp, dusty and tired, led the horses to get their drink.
"How many bags of potatoes were there?" Gramp inquired.
"I don't know."
"How many potatoes did you pick up?"
"I didn't pick any."
"Not any! Why not?"
"You said I could pick them up if I wanted to. You didn't say I had to."
In the next few minutes I learned a lesson I would not forget: when Gramp said I could if I wanted to, he meant that I should want to.
My grandmother (" Gram") worked hard all day, washing clothes, cleaning the house, making butter, and even working in the field when help was scarce. In the evening, though, she was not too tired to read books from the community library. For more than forty years Gram read aloud to Gramp almost every evening. In this way she and Gramp learned about all the great battles of history and became familiar with the works of great authors and the lives of famous men.
Gram hated cruelty and injustice. The injustices of history, even those of a thousand years before, angered her as much as the injustices of her own day.
She also had a deep love of beauty. When she was almost seventy-five, and had gone to live with one of her daughters, she spent a delightful morning washing dishes because, as she said, the beautiful patterns on the dishes gave her pleasure. The birds, the flowers, the clouds—all that was beautiful around her—pleased her. She was like the father of the French painter, Millet, who used to gather grass and show it to his son, saying, "See how beautiful this is!"
In a pioneer society it is the harder qualities of mind and character that are of value. The softer virtues are considered unnecessary. Men and women struggling daily to earn a living are unable, even for a moment, to forget the business of preserving their lives. Only unusual people, like my grandparents, manage to keep the softer qualities in a world of daily struggle.
Such were the two people with whom I spent the months from June to September in the wonderful days of summer and youth.
当我的记忆开始，我的祖父是过去60，一个伟大的高大男子厚厚成为白发。他的黑眼睛和鼻子直而尖在一座坡度平缓结束。有一次，他向我解释说，他认真了，作为一个小的孩子扁
平小费时，他掉下来，他的鼻子加强。
笑声在他的眼角小标志是一个善良和幽默自然的产物。弯曲的工作，他的肩膀已经过去数年从未和他的迟钝，他幽默的笑话爱。所到之处，“格兰普”让朋友很容易。在一个半小时结束时，您觉得自己已经知道他所有的生活。我很快了解到，他讨厌下达命令，但，当他要，他设法使他的命令像建议的声音。
7月的一个早晨，当他正准备出门去的玉米地，他说，“埃德温，你可以选择在该领域的土豆今天，如果你想这样做。”然后，他赶走了他的马匹。
一天过去了，我没有任何欲望拿起马铃薯。晚上来了，土豆是在外地还是。格兰普，灰尘和疲倦，带领马匹得到他们的饮料。
“如何多袋土豆在那里？”格兰普询问。
“我不知道。”
“有多少你拿起土豆？”
“我没有任何选择。”
“不是任何一个！为什么不呢？”
“你说我能接他们回家，如果我想。你没有说我要。”
在接下来的几分钟内，我学到了教训，我不会忘记：当格兰普说我可以，如果我想，他的意思，我应该想。
我的祖母（“克”）辛苦了一天，洗衣服，打扫房子，使黄油，甚至在外地工作时，帮助是有限的。到了晚上，虽然，她太累了，没有从社区图书馆阅读书籍。对于读取超过40年革兰大声格兰普几乎每天晚上。这样，她和格兰普了解所有历史上的伟大斗争，并成为与伟大的作家和名人的作品熟悉的生活。
克憎恨残酷和不公正。历史的不公正，即使是那些1000年以前，激怒了她高达她那个时代的不公正现象。
她还有一个美丽的深深的爱。当她几乎是75，并已前往现场与她的一个女儿，她花了一个愉快的上午洗碗，因为她说，在菜的美丽图案让她感到高兴。鸟，花，云，这是她周围的一切，她高兴美丽。她喜欢的法国画家，小米，谁用来收集基层和展示给他的儿子，说：“瞧，这是多么美丽的父亲！”
在社会的先驱，是心灵和性格的价值是难以素质。较温和的美德被认为是不必要的。男人和女人每天挣扎谋生不能，即使是现在，忘记了自己的生命维护业务。只有不寻常的人，像我的祖父母，管理，以保持在世界的日常斗争的柔软品质。
这样的两个人一起花了我6个月的夏季和青年的美妙天至9月
Leaf and Loaf
Leaf
At last we went out and stood on the lawn and watched the sun go down, and my father said, "If it weren't for art, we 'd have vanished from the face of the earth long ago."
What art really is, though, and what a human being really is, and what the world really is. I just don't know, that's all.
Standing there, watching the sun go down into the sea, my father said, "In every house there ought to be an art table on which, one by one, things are placed, so that everybody in that house might look at the things very carefully, and see them."
"What would you put on a table like that?"
"A leaf. A coin. A button. A stone. A small piece of torn newspaper. An apple. An egg.
A pebble. A flower. A dead insect. A shoe."
"Everybody's seen those things."
"Of course. But nobody looks at them, and that's what art is. To look at familiar things as if they had never before been seen. A plain sheet of paper with typing on it. A necktie. A pocketknife. A key. A fork. A cup. A bottle. A bowl. A walnut."
"What about a baseball? A baseball's a beautiful thing."
"It certainly is. You would place something on the table and look at it. The next morning you would take it away, and put something else there—anything, for there is nothing made by nature or by man that doesn't deserve to be looked at particularly."
Now, the sun was gone all the way into the sea. There was a lot of orange light on the water, and in the sky above the water. Legion of Honor Hill grew dark, and my father brought out a cigarette and lighted it and inhaled and then let the smoke out of his nose and mouth, and he said, "Well, boy, there's another day of the wonderful world gone forever."
"New day tomorrow, though."
"What do you say we drive to the seaside and look at the ships from all over the world?"
Loaf
We loafed through the whole town, because that was what we had planned to do. It was nothing more than just another little town with another bunch of people living in it. We saw some of the people. All of a sudden I noticed their eyes.
This made me laugh.
"Tell me about it," my father said.
"Eyes," I said. "We sure have got eyes, haven't we?"
"Very good," my father said.
He began to sing, "I saw your eyes, your wonderful eyes."
Pretty soon he stopped singing and began to breathe deeply.
"Somebody 's baking bread somewhere. Would you like some fresh bread?"
"I sure would."
We walked to the corner, then around the corner, but we didn't find a bakery there, so we went back to where we had been, and near there we found the place, but the door was locked.
My father knocked, and then we saw a man in a baker 's white coat with flour on his hands and face come to the door and open it.
"We open at seven," the man said. "It's not six yet."
"What are you baking back there?"
"Bread and rolls."
"How about letting me buy some? I don't often get a chance to eat freshly baked bread."
"You want to come in, then?" the baker said, so my father and I went in. We followed the man to where he and his wife were baking bread. It was clean and warm back there. The metal racks had new loaves on them and new rolls.
"Help yourself," the baker said.
My father took a loaf of French bread from among half a dozen that the baker 's wife brought out of the oven on a long wooden spade and held out to him, and then she brought him a lot of rolls on the spade. My father took half a dozen rolls, too. He gave me one, and he took a bite out of another. The big loaf he put in his coat pocket just the way it was.
"Sit down," the baker said. "There's some cheese over there on that little table. Help yourself."
My father and I went to the little table where the baker and his wife sat and ate bread and cheese, and we sat there.
"Do you know the baker?"
"Never saw him before in my life."
The baker came over and broke open a roll and put some cheese in it. I thought he was going to bite into it himself, but he handed the roll to me and said, "Always remember bread and cheese. When everything else looks bad, remember bread and cheese, and you'll be all right."
"Yes, sir."
"That's why I 'm a baker," he said. "I tried a lot of other things, but this is the work for me."
最后，我们外出，站在草坪上，看着太阳下去，我的父亲说，“如果它是艺术的话，我们还是有从地球上消失了很久以前。”
什么是真正的艺术，虽然，和什么人真的是，什么是真正的世界。我只是不知道，就是这样。站在那里，看着太阳进入大海里，我的父亲说：“在每一栋房屋，就必须有一种艺术桌子上，一个接一个，事情是生命，因此每个人都可能在这家看的东西非常仔细看看他们。“
“那你把这样一个表？”
“阿叶。硬币。A按钮。石头。撕破报纸的一小块。一个苹果。一个鸡蛋。卵石。花。甲死昆虫。阿鞋。”
“大家都看到这些东西。”
“当然。但没有人在他们看来，这就是艺术。为了看熟悉的事物，如果他们以前从未见过。一张纸，上打字平原表。领带。阿折刀。一个关键。阿叉。一个杯子。一瓶。一个碗。核桃。“
“那是一个棒球吗？棒球是一个美丽的事情。”
“这肯定是。你会放在桌上的东西，看它。第二天早上你把它拿走，把别的东西有任何事情，因为在那里是由自然或人为不值得了什么尤其是看着。“
现在，太阳走了入海的所有道路。有一个橙色光对水很多，水在上面的天空。荣誉山军团渐渐黑，我的父亲拿出香烟，点燃它，吸入，然后让烟雾从他的鼻子和嘴，他说：“好吧，孩子，还有一个美妙的世界一天已经一去不复返了。“
“新的明天，虽然”。
“你说我们开车到海边，看看来自世界各地的船只？”
面包
我们loafed通过全城，因为这是我们原计划做的事。它只不过是又一个与另一个人生活在这一群小城镇更多。我们看到的一些人。突然，我发现自己的眼睛。
这使我发笑。
“告诉我吧，”我的父亲说。
“眼睛，”我说。“我们肯定已经取得的眼睛，是不是我们？”
“很好，”我的父亲说。
他开始唱歌，“我看见你的眼睛，你的美好的眼睛。”
很快，他停止唱歌，开始深呼吸。
“有人的地方烤面包。你想一些新鲜的面包？”
“我肯定会的。”
我们走到一个角落，然后在拐角处，但我们没有发现一家面包店在那里，所以我们又回到我们一直在那里，我们发现附近有这个地方，但大门被锁上。
我父亲撞倒，然后我们看到了一个面包S与一个男人对他的双手和脸部面粉白大衣来到门口，打开它。
“我们在7打开，”那人说。“这不是6呢。”
“你回来烤吗？”
“面包和面包。”
“如何让我买一些呢？我不是经常有机会吃新鲜出炉的面包。”
“你要进来呢？”贝克说，所以我的父亲和我走了进去，我们遵循的男子，他和他的妻子被烘烤的面包。这是清洁和温暖回到那里。这对他们的金属架和新辊新面包。
“帮助自己，”贝克说。
从我的父亲带一打一间半的法国面包的面包师的妻子带出了炉长木铲上，举行了他，然后她给他带来的铁锹一轧辊很多。我的父亲了半打卷，太。他给了我一个，他咬了一出另一个。大面包，他在他的上衣口袋里把本来就这样了。
“请坐，”贝克说。“这里也有一些在那边小桌子上的奶酪。帮助你自己。”
我父亲和我去的小桌子上的面包师和他的妻子坐在那里吃面包和奶酪，我们坐在那里。“你知道面包？”
“在我的生活从来没有见过他。”
贝克走过来，拆开一滚，投入了一些奶酪。我以为他要咬成它自己，但他递给我滚，说：“一定要记住面包和奶酪。当一切看起来不好，记得面包和奶酪，你就会好的。”
“是的，先生。”
“这就是为什么我'米面包，”他说。“我尝试了其他很多事情，但是这是为我工作。”
The T rue Story of a Y oung Man
When Reginald Lindsay received a scholarship to Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia, what he wanted most was a good job with a good salary. But soon he became interested in the civil rights movement. At present he has a plan which he hopes will take him to Congress as a southern representative.
Now in his first year at Harvard Law School, Reg is making careful plans. After earning his degree, he expects to return to the South to practice law among the poor. "I want to help them understand what their rights are and to help them achieve them," he says. Then he hopes to run for political office at the local and state level until he is ready to try for Congress.
Reg grew up in a low-income Negro section of Birmingham, Alabama. Brought up by his grandparents after his parents were divorced while he was very young,. Reg has been living through a period of far-reaching progress in race relations. In the summer of 1968 Reg himself became a good example of this progress when he became the first Negro student appointed to a special new program. The program introduces bright young students to the workings of the Georgia State government and encourages them to seek employment there after finishing their education. "I 've been lucky," he says. "I seem to have been in the right place at the right time."
But luck is only part of Reg 's story, for he has made the most of opportunities that came his way. He learned to read in kindergarten and began visiting the public library regularly to borrow books. His grandparents encouraged him, though neither of them had much education, and they bought him a set of encyclopedias. "I loved those books," he remembers. "I used to come downstairs before breakfast and read short articles. I enjoyed reading about famous men, and then I would pretend to be one of them. I guess it was partly a childish game and partly an escape. It wasn't too much fun to be a Negro when I was a kid."
While studying for his bachelor 's degree at Morehouse College, Reg worked on several political campaigns helping candidates get elected to government offices. At the same time he maintained a "B" average while majoring in political science. He worked as a student advisor to earn extra money for his college expenses, and he was granted a scholarship for a year of study at the University of Valenc ia in Spain.
With just two more years to complete at Harvard Law School, which also gave him a scholarship, Reg has made a good start on his professional career. He says, "The good life for me is the kind of life where I can find satisfaction in public service."
当收到雷金纳德林赛在亚特兰大，佐治亚州，他最想向莫尔豪斯学院的奖学金，是一个良好的薪水不错的工作。但很快，他成为民权运动感兴趣。目前，他有一个计划，他希望将他作为南方代表向国会。
现在，在他第一年在哈佛大学法学院，雷吉正在仔细的计划。他获得学士学位，他预计将带回南方去实践穷人之间的法律。“我想帮助他们了解自己的权利，并帮助他们实现这些目标，”他说。然后，他希望在政治竞选地方和国家水平，直至他愿意尝试国会。
章生长在一个低收入的黑人伯明翰，阿拉巴马州部分。他的祖父母带来了他的父母离婚后，虽然他很年轻。雷吉已经历了影响深远的种族关系进展的时期。在1968年夏天自己注册成为一个很好的例子对这一进展时，他成为第一个黑人学生指定为特殊的新方案。该方案介绍年轻有为的学生带到格鲁吉亚州政府的运作，并鼓励他们毕业后寻找就业有他们的教育。“我已经是幸运的，”他说。“我似乎已经在正确的地方已在合适的时间。”
但运气只是注册的故事的一部分，因为他已使大多数的机会来了他。他在幼儿园学会了阅读，并开始定期前往公共图书馆借阅图书。他的祖父母鼓励他，虽然他们有很大的不教育，他们给他买了一套百科全书。“我喜欢这些书，”他回忆说。“我常来早餐前楼下看短文章。我很喜欢读有关名人，然后我就假装自己是其中之一。我想这部分是一个幼稚的游戏和部分一逃脱。这不是太多有趣的是一个黑人，当我还是个孩子。“
学习期间，他本科在莫尔豪斯大学学士学位，注册工作是帮助一些政治运动的候选人当选的政府机构。同时，他保持了“B”的平均，而在政治学专业。他曾作为一名学生，他的顾问，赚取外快大学费用，他获得了一年的研究在西班牙瓦伦西亚大学的奖学金。
随着短短两年多时间才能完成在哈佛法学院，这也给了他一个奖学金，雷吉已就他的职业生
涯的良好开端。他说：“对我来说，美好的生活是生命在那里我可以找到一种满意的公共服务。”
A Game of Light and Shade
It was a sunny winter day. I had gone up and down the tower, and felt pleased with myself for having taken this initiative, when, outside the little door at the foot, a blind man came toward me. He was a pale, thin man, with black hair and dark glasses that gave him a mysterious look. He kept close to the inner wall of the courtyard, touching it lightly with his arm. On reaching the door, he touched it and sharply turned inside. In a moment, he disappeared up the staircase. I stood still, looking at the empty space left by the open door, and at the little sign that said "To the Tower" nailed to the wall. I felt compelled to follow.
I didn't follow closely. I caught up with him in the ticket office. There I was surprised to see the attendant selling him a ticket as though he were any other visitor. The man reached out for it clumsily, sweeping a little space of desk with his hand until he had it, but the attendant didn't seem to take any notice. Then, with the ticket in one hand and touching the wall with the fingers of the other, he reached the staircase leading to the hallway.
I stood by the desk, watching him until he was out of hearing. "That man is blind," I said to the attendant, and expected him to show some concern, but he just looked at me with his sleepy eyes. He was a heavy man who seemed all one piece with his chair and desk. "He's blind," I repeated.
He looked at me vacantly.
"What would a blind man want to climb up the tower for?" I asked.
He didn't answer.
"Not the view certainly," I said. "Perhaps he wants to jump."
His mouth opened a little. Should he do something? But his chair was too comfortable. He didn't stir. "Well, let 's hope not," he said, and looked down at a crossword puzzle he had begun.
The blind man was now out of sight. I turned toward the staircase.
"The ticket," the attendant said, rising from his chair. It seemed the only thing that could move him.
I handed him a fifty-lira piece, and he tore a ticket from his ticket book. Then I hurried up the staircase.
The man hadn't gone as far as I imagined. Much less time had passed than I thought. A third of the way up the tower, I heard his step. I slowed down and followed him at a little distance. He went up slowly, and stopped from time to time. When he got to the balcony, I was a dozen steps behind. But as I reached it, he wasn't to be seen. I dashed to the first corner of the bell tower, around the next, and saw him.
At last, after ten minutes, I approached him. "Excuse me," I said as politely as I could, "but I am very curious to know why you came up."
"You 'd never guess," he said.
"Not the view, I take it, or the fresh air on this winter day."
"No," he said as he looked at me with an amused expression on his face.
"Tell me," I said.
He smiled. "Perhaps, coming up the stairs, you will have noticed—and yet, not being blind, perhaps you won't—how not just light but sun pours into the tower through the narrow windows here and there, so that one can feel the change—the cool staircase suddenly becomes quite warm, even in winter—and how up here behind the wall there is shade, but as soon as one goes opposite a narrow window one finds the sun. In all of Sienna there is no place so good as this for feeling the contrast between light and shade. It isn't the first time that I 've come up."
He stepped into the shade. "I am in the shade," he said. "There is a wall there." He moved into the sunlight. "Now I am opposite a window," he said. We went down the bell tower. "An arch is there," he said.
"You never miss. And the sun isn't even very strong," I said.
"Strong enough," he said, and added, "Now I 'm behind a bell."
Coming back down onto the balcony, he went around it. "Light, shade, light, shade," he said, and seemed as pleased as a child who, in a game of hopscotch, jumps from square to square.
We went down the tower together. "A window there," he said, up near the top. "Another window," he said, when we were half-way down.
I left him, gladdened as one can only be by the sunlight.
这是一个晴朗的冬日。我去了上下塔，并认为采取这一行动时，外面的小门，脚，一个盲人带着对我自己感到高兴。他是一个脸色苍白，瘦的人，黑头发，这给了他一种神秘的期待墨镜。他不停地靠近内壁的庭院，触摸他的手臂掉以轻心。在到达门口时，他感动，并大幅转向内部。在一刹那间，他失踪了楼梯。我站住，在由开放左侧的空白区域寻找，并在几乎没有迹象表明说：“对于塔”钉在墙上。我不得不走。
我没有紧紧跟随。我赶上了他在售票处。在那里，我惊讶地看到他作为销售员，虽然他是任何其他票旅客。它笨拙地达到了该名男子，用他的手扫了桌子的小空间，直到他，但随之而来的似乎没有采取任何通知。然后，用一只手触摸的机票和与其他手指的墙，他得出这样的楼梯通往走廊。
我站在桌子，看着他，直到他从听证会。“这个人是盲目的，”我说的服务员，并期望他能够表现出一定的关注，但他只是看着我与他的睡眼。他是一个沉重的人谁似乎都与他的椅子，办公桌1件。“他是盲人，”我又说了一遍。
他茫然地看着我。
“什么将一个瞎子要爬上塔？”我问。
他没有回答。
“当然不认为，”我说。“也许他想跳。”
他开一个小口。他应该做一些事？但他的椅子太舒服。他没有轰动。“好吧，咱们希望不会，”他说，看着一个纵横字谜他已经开始了。
盲人男子现已脱离视线。我转向了楼梯。
“票”的服务员说，从他的椅子上升。这似乎是唯一能够移动他。
我递给他一张五十里拉一块，他从他的票撕书一票。然后，我赶紧了楼梯。
该名男子并没有完全达到我想象的。少得多的时间已经过去了比我想象的。阿对了塔的方式第三，我听到他的脚步。我放慢脚步，随后他在一个小的距离。他上升缓慢，不时停下。当他到了阳台，我是打后面的步骤。但正如我达成它，他并没有被看到。我冲向了钟楼第一个弯道，围绕未来，看到了他。
最后，10分钟后，我找他。“对不起，”我说的客气，因为我可以“，但我很好奇，想知道为什么你来了。”
“那么，你永远猜不到，”他说。
“不是，我需要它，或者在这个冬日的新鲜空气。”
“没有，”他说，他看着我用他的脸开心的表达。
“告诉我，”我说。
他笑了。“也许，走到楼梯，你会发现，但是，没有盲目的，也许你不需额外知识，但不只是太阳光线进入，通过狭窄的塔倒在这里和那里的窗户，让人们可以感受到变化凉爽的楼梯突然变得很温暖，即使在冬季，如何在这里背后的墙上有阴影，但只要一对面的一个狭窄的窗口一去发现太阳。西恩纳在所有的地方有没有这么好作为这个感觉明暗之间的对比。这不是第一次，我已经来了。“
他走进阴凉处。“我在树荫下时，”他说。“有一个墙上。”他搬进了阳光。“现在我对面的一个窗口时，”他说。我们走下钟楼。“拱形的，”他说。
“你不会错过。，阳光也不十分强烈，”我说。
“强够了，”他说，并补充说，“现在我后面钟'米。”
再说了阳台上，他去周围。“光，影，光，影，”他说，似乎像一个孩子谁，在一个跳房子游戏，从广场到广场跳高兴。
我们走下塔一起。“一个窗口，”他说，附近的顶部。“另一个窗口，”他说，当我们在半路上了。
我离开了他，作为一个欢喜只能由阳光。
Unit 3
A Game of Light and Shade
It was a sunny winter day. I had gone up and down the tower, and felt pleased with myself for having taken this initiative, when, outside the little door at the foot, a blind man came toward me. He was a pale, thin man, with black hair and dark glasses that gave him a mysterious look. He kept close to the inner wall of the courtyard, touching it lightly with his arm. On reaching the door, he touched it and sharply turned inside. In a moment, he disappeared up the staircase. I stood still, looking at the empty space left by the open door, and at the little sign that said "To the Tower" nailed to the wall. I felt compelled to follow.
I didn't follow closely. I caught up with him in the ticket office. There I was surprised to see the attendant selling him a ticket as though he were any other visitor. The man reached out for it clumsily, sweeping a little space of desk with his hand until he had it, but the attendant
didn't seem to take any notice. Then, with the ticket in one hand and touching the wall with the fingers of the other, he reached the staircase leading to the hallway.
I stood by the desk, watching him until he was out of hearing. "That man is blind," I said to the attendant, and expected him to show some concern, but he just looked at me with his sleepy eyes. He was a heavy man who seemed all one piece with his chair and desk. "He's blind," I repeated.
He looked at me vacantly.
"What would a blind man want to climb up the tower for?" I asked.
He didn't answer.
"Not the view certainly," I said. "Perhaps he wants to jump."
His mouth opened a little. Should he do something? But his chair was too comfortable. He didn't stir. "Well, let 's hope not," he said, and looked down at a crossword puzzle he had begun.
The blind man was now out of sight. I turned toward the staircase.
"The ticket," the attendant said, rising from his chair. It seemed the only thing that could move him.
I handed him a fifty-lira piece, and he tore a ticket from his ticket book. Then I hurried up the staircase.
The man hadn't gone as far as I imagined. Much less time had passed than I thought. A third of the way up the tower, I heard his step. I slowed down and followed him at a little distance. He went up slowly, and stopped from time to time. When he got to the balcony, I was a dozen steps behind. But as I reached it, he wasn't to be seen. I dashed to the first corner of the bell tower, around the next, and saw him.
At last, after ten minutes, I approached him. "Excuse me," I said as politely as I could, "but I am very curious to know why you came up."
"You 'd never guess," he said.
"Not the view, I take it, or the fresh air on this winter day."
"No," he said as he looked at me with an amused expression on his face.
"Tell me," I said.
He smiled. "Perhaps, coming up the stairs, you will have noticed—and yet, not being blind, perhaps you won't—how not just light but sun pours into the tower through the narrow windows here and there, so that one can feel the change—the cool staircase suddenly becomes quite warm, even in winter—and how up here behind the wall there is shade, but as soon as one goes opposite a narrow window one finds the sun. In all of Sienna there is no place so good as this for feeling the contrast between light and shade. It isn't the first time that I 've come up."
He stepped into the shade. "I am in the shade," he said. "There is a wall there." He moved into the sunlight. "Now I am opposite a window," he said. We went down the bell tower. "An arch is there," he said.
"You never miss. And the sun isn't even very strong," I said.
"Strong enough," he said, and added, "Now I 'm behind a bell."
Coming back down onto the balcony, he went around it. "Light, shade, light, shade," he said, and seemed as pleased as a child who, in a game of hopscotch, jumps from square to square.
We went down the tower together. "A window there," he said, up near the top. "Another window," he said, when we were half-way down.
I left him, gladdened as one can only be by the sunlight.
这是一个晴朗的冬日。我去了上下塔，并认为采取这一行动时，外面的小门，脚，一个盲人带着对我自己感到高兴。他是一个脸色苍白，瘦的人，黑头发，这给了他一种神秘的期待墨镜。他不停地靠近内壁的庭院，触摸他的手臂掉以轻心。在到达门口时，他感动，并大幅转向内部。在一刹那间，他失踪了楼梯。我站住，在由开放左侧的空白区域寻找，并在几乎没有迹象表明说：“对于塔”钉在墙上。我不得不走。
我没有紧紧跟随。我赶上了他在售票处。在那里，我惊讶地看到他作为销售员，虽然他是任何其他票旅客。它笨拙地达到了该名男子，用他的手扫了桌子的小空间，直到他，但随之而来的似乎没有采取任何通知。然后，用一只手触摸的机票和与其他手指的墙，他得出这样的楼梯通往走廊。
我站在桌子，看着他，直到他从听证会。“这个人是盲目的，”我说的服务员，并期望他能够表现出一定的关注，但他只是看着我与他的睡眼。他是一个沉重的人谁似乎都与他的椅子，办公桌1件。“他是盲人，”我又说了一遍。
他茫然地看着我。
“什么将一个瞎子要爬上塔？”我问。
他没有回答。
“当然不认为，”我说。“也许他想跳。”
他开一个小口。他应该做一些事？但他的椅子太舒服。他没有轰动。“好吧，咱们希望不会，”他说，看着一个纵横字谜他已经开始了。
盲人男子现已脱离视线。我转向了楼梯。
“票”的服务员说，从他的椅子上升。这似乎是唯一能够移动他。
我递给他一张五十里拉一块，他从他的票撕书一票。然后，我赶紧了楼梯。
该名男子并没有完全达到我想象的。少得多的时间已经过去了比我想象的。阿对了塔的方式第三，我听到他的脚步。我放慢脚步，随后他在一个小的距离。他上升缓慢，不时停下。当他到了阳台，我是打后面的步骤。但正如我达成它，他并没有被看到。我冲向了钟楼第一个弯道，围绕未来，看到了他。
最后，10分钟后，我找他。“对不起，”我说的客气，因为我可以“，但我很好奇，想知道为什么你来了。”
“那么，你永远猜不到，”他说。
“不是，我需要它，或者在这个冬日的新鲜空气。”
“没有，”他说，他看着我用他的脸开心的表达。
“告诉我，”我说。
他笑了。“也许，走到楼梯，你会发现，但是，没有盲目的，也许你不需额外知识，但不只是太阳光线进入，通过狭窄的塔倒在这里和那里的窗户，让人们可以感受到变化凉爽的楼梯突然变得很温暖，即使在冬季，如何在这里背后的墙上有阴影，但只要一对面的一个狭窄的窗口一去发现太阳。西恩纳在所有的地方有没有这么好作为这个感觉明暗之间的对比。这不是第一次，我已经来了。“
他走进阴凉处。“我在树荫下时，”他说。“有一个墙上。”他搬进了阳光。“现在我对面的
一个窗口时，”他说。我们走下钟楼。“拱形的，”他说。
“你不会错过。，阳光也不十分强烈，”我说。
“强够了，”他说，并补充说，“现在我后面钟'米。”
再说了阳台上，他去周围。“光，影，光，影，”他说，似乎像一个孩子谁，在一个跳房子游戏，从广场到广场跳高兴。
我们走下塔一起。“一个窗口，”他说，附近的顶部。“另一个窗口，”他说，当我们在半路上了。
我离开了他，作为一个欢喜只能由阳光。
Two Kinds
My mother believed you could be anything you wanted to be in America. You could open a restaurant. You could work for the government and get good retirement benefits. You could buy a house with almost no money down. You could become rich. You could become instantly famous.
"Of course you can be a talented child or what they call a wonder girl, too," my mother told me when I was nine. "You can be best at anything. What does Auntie Lindo know? Her daughter, at best she is only tricky."
America was where all my mother 's hopes lay. She had come here in 1975 after losing everything in Vietnam? her mother and father, her family home, her first husband, and two daughters, twin baby girls. But she never looked back with regret. There were so many ways for things to get better.
Every night after dinner, my mother and I would sit at the kitchen table. She would present new tests, taking her examples from stories of amazing children she had read in Ripley 's Believe It or Not, or Good Housekeeping, Reader 's Digest, and a dozen other magazines she kept in a pile in our bathroom. My mother got these magazines from people whose houses she cleaned. And since she cleaned many houses each week, we had a great collection. She would look through them all, searching for stories about remarkable children.
The first night she brought out a story about a three-year-old boy who knew the capitals of all the states and even most of the European countries. A teacher was quoted as saying the little boy could also, pronounce the names of the foreign cities correctly.
"What's the capital of Finland?" my mother asked me, looking at the magazine story.
All I knew was the capital of California, because Sacramento was the name of the street we lived on in Chinatown. "Nairobi!" I guessed, saying the most foreign word I could think of. She checked to see if that was possibly one way to pronounce "Helsinki" before showing me the answer.
The tests got harder—multiplying numbers in my head, finding the queen of hearts in a deck of cards, trying to stand on my head without using my hands, predicting the daily temperatures in Los Angeles, New York, and London.
Reading comprehension 1略 2 BDCAC AADBB Vocabulary 1. 1) A. entertaining B. entertainment C. entertained D. entertainer 2) A. recognizable B. recognized C. recognition 3) A. tempting B. temptation C. tempt 4) A. reasoned B. reasoning C. reasonable D. reason 5) A. analyzed B. analytical C. analyst D. analysis 6) A. valuable B. valuation C. valued/values D. values 7) A. humorist B. humor C. humorous D. humorless 8) A. understandable B. understanding C. understand D. misunderstood 2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority 4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice 7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction 10) a sense of urgency 3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments 4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement 7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint 9) to be the focus/center of attention 10) we buy our tickets in advance 4. 1）certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed 7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice 13) directly 14) followed 15) trouble Unit 2 便笺的力量 Reading comprehension 1略 2 FFTFTFTFTTFTFT Vocabulary 1. Creating Compound Words
新视野大学英语快速阅读第三册答案全 Unit1 Passage1 1—5 DCDCD 6—8 AAB Passage2 1 smart enough 2 enters the house 3 only one act 4 properly trained 5 race horses 6 500 to 600 7 because used to each other 8 family or food Passage3 1—5 ADDAD 6—7 AC 8 talking 9 direct commands 10 cultural,not personal Passage4 1—5 Y Y N NG N 6—7 N Y
8 the individual 9 responsible behavior 10 written budget Unit2 Passage1 1—5 Y Y N Y N 6—8 N NG Y Passage2 1 the use of drugs 2 dull and hopeless 3 more and more drugs 4 LSD 5 really able to do 6 long jail sentences 7 dangerous situations 8 full of tension Passage3 1—5 ACBDC 6—7 DA 8 skills courses 9 certificates 10 world communication Passage4 1—5 NG Y N Y Y
6—7 Y N 8 it is easier 9 confront different challenges 10 allowing everything Unit3 Passage1 1—5 BCBAC 6—8 CAC Passage2 1 900 miles 2 weeks of time 3 the kind of boats 4 getting into the mud 5 different levels of water 6 man-made lakes 7 the force of the water 8 the photographys taken from spaceships Passage3 1—5 DBCAB 6—7 AD 8 the chain store 9 th e firm’s expenses Passage4 1—5 N NG N Y N
Unit 5 Romance I.Key Words & Expressions absorb broaden correspond delicate disgust fertile glow grateful grip hesitate overseas previous locate margin schedule sensible slim split straighten sustain thoughtful thrust be grateful to sb. for sth. go sb’s way in response to make one’s way more than a little take a chance on sth. Additional V ocabulary live up to one’s expectation 不辜负某人的期望 A cadre should be ready to take a lower as well as a higher post. 干部要能上能下。 provocative smile 撩人的微笑 more than a little overweight 体重偏胖，体态臃肿 warm and kindly glow 热情善良的光芒 Ill news travels fast. 恶事传千里。 Every man has a fool in his sleeves. 人人都有糊涂的时候。 II. V ocabulary &Structure 1. As you have seen, the value of a nation’s currency is a of its economy. A. reaction B. reflection C. response D. revelation 2. During the process, great care has been taken to protect the silk from damage. A. sensitive B. tender C. delicate D. sensible 3. She was so in her job that she didn't hear anybody knocking at the door, A. attracted B. absorbed C. drawn D. concentrated 4. Although the weather was very bad, the buses still ran on . A. list B. plan C. arrangement D. schedule 5. We haven' t reserved a table, b ut we will take a chance its not being full. A. at B. on C. about D. of
Part 1 Listening 1 Ex1: C A D C B Ex2: 1) approaching 2) left 3) toilet 4) locked 5) Tickets please 6) pushed 7) stamped Scripts: Two Belgians and two Dutchmen traveled regularly to work on the same train. After a while the Dutchmen saw that the two Belgians only had one ticket between them and asked how they managed to achieve this. The Belgians explained that when they heard the conductor approaching from the other end of the carriage, the two of them left their seats, went into the toilet and locked the door. When the conductor knocked on the toilet door, saying, "Tickets, please!", they pushed one ticket under the door. It was then stamped and pushed back under the door again. The Dutchmen thought this was a very good idea and the following morning bought one ticket between them. When they got to their carriage there was only one Belgian. They told him what they had done and asked the Belgian if he had a ticket as he was traveling on his own. The Belgian said he did not have a ticket at all and when they asked how he proposed to manage to travel free of charge, he told them they would have to wait and see until the conductor arrived, but he had no doubt that he would manage it without difficulty. As soon as they heard the conductor coming, the two Dutchmen immediately went to the toilet and locked the door. A few moments later, the Belgian followed them down the corridor and knocked on the toilet door, saying, "Tickets, please!" One ticket appeared under the door. Questions: 1. Where did the story take place 2. What did the two Dutchmen want to know from the two Belgians 3. How did the Dutchmen feel about the Belgians' behavior 4. What did the Belgian do when asked if he had a ticket 5. Who finally managed to travel free of charge Listening 2 Ex1: 1 department store 2. attend college 3. difficult 4. physical education 5. terrified Ex2: FTTFT Scripts: My name is Atsuko Saeki. I work as a salesclerk in a big department store in Fuji, Japan. Six years ago when I was 21 years old, I went to California to attend college. Life in the United States was much more difficult than I had ever imagined. It wasn't like the descriptions I had read in my textbooks. People often seemed tense and so I felt very alone. One of my hardest classes was physical education. We often played volleyball. All the other students were good at it, but I clearly wasn't. One afternoon, the teacher asked me to hit the ball to my classmates. For most people, this would be easy but I was terrified that I would make a fool of myself. When one of the boys on my team saw how nervous I was, he walked up to me and whispered, "Come on, you can do that." You can't imagine how those words of encouragement made me feel. I was so happy that I almost cried. I managed to hit the ball and I think I thanked the young man, but I'm not sure. I have never forgotten his kind words of encouragement. He probably doesn't even remember what he said to me or how much his kindness meant to me. Whenever things aren't going well, I think of those simple words of encouragement: Come on, you can do that.
Unit 1 The idea of becoming a writer had come to me off and on since my childhood in Belleville, but it wasn't until my third year in high school that the possibility took hold. Until then I'd been bored by everything associated with English courses. I found English grammar dull and difficult. I hated the assignments to turn out long, lifeless paragraphs that were agony for teachers to read and for me to write. When our class was assigned to Mr. Fleagle for third-year English I anticipated another cheerless year in that most tedious of subjects. Mr. Fleagle had a reputation among students for dullness and inability to inspire. He was said to be very formal, rigid and hopelessly out of date. To me he looked to be sixty or seventy and excessively prim. He wore primly severe eyeglasses, his wavy hair was primly cut and primly combed. He wore prim suits with neckties set primly against the collar buttons of his white shirts. He had a primly pointed jaw, a primly straight nose, and a prim manner of speaking that was so correct, so gentlemanly,
Why I Love the City 我的许多朋友都离开了这座城市。它们是在郊区买房子,因为他们想要远离城市的喧嚣、烟雾、交通、和犯罪的城市。一个朋友说,“有太多的空气污染的城市。我更喜欢郊区,那里的空气是那么清新。“另一个朋友抱怨交通:“有太多的汽车市区!你不能找到一个停车的地方,交通堵塞的情况都很可怕。“每个人都在抱怨关于犯罪:“城市有许多罪犯。我很少离开我的房子”的幻影却如太危险了。 在我朋友搬离城市,他们通常会背诵优势郊区生活:绿草、花卉、游泳池、烤肉等等。然而在我的朋友们在那里住了一年左右的时间里,他们意识到郊区生活就不那么愉快,因为他们期待。这种变化的原因是什么?他们的花园!他们很快了解到,一个不可避免的一部分yardwork郊区生活。他们整个周末都在工作在他们的花园,它们是非常累的一把,又要取他们的水池游泳甚至做一些肉放在他们的烤肉。又有另一个投诉:他们不能住在郊区没有一辆车。我的大多数朋友都搬到郊区,避开塞车,但现在他们不得不上班市中心。他们坐在一个繁忙的公路每天两个小时! 我的意见是非常不同的城市生活,从我朋友的我住在市区吗?和我爱它! ! !为什么?嗯,首先,我喜欢nature-flowers、绿草、树木和动物。在这个城市里,我有一切优势自然:我可以步行通过公共公园,闻闻花香,坐在草地上在树下。我可以参观,动物园里的动物。然而到目前为止我还没有一个缺点:我不需要做yardwork或喂动物。同时,在这个城市,到处都可以让我乘公共汽车吗?如果有交通堵塞,我可以走回去。 似乎每个人都搬到郊区,避免罪恶的大城市。我有一个理论的城市犯罪的,然而,所以我觉得安全罪犯将反映在社会生活的变化:如果人们买了房子在郊区,罪犯将步其后尘。罪犯想避免噪音、烟雾、污染了。不久,过于拥挤和犯罪的问题,而不是城市郊区! People on the Move 美国人的历史,在某种程度上,历史运动的美国人民。他们移到东海岸的殖民地到开放空间的西部。从乡下搬,农场到城里去。最近,美国人一直不断地由城市郊区。 开放空间;西部地区迁移 美国人开始先驱移动,从东海岸到西250年前。他们向西边移居的原因有许多种。一个理由是无限的开放空间的可用性和土地耕作。美国人喜欢大的开放空间,他们也喜欢独立和自由发展的土地以他们自己的方式。一些土地变得农场。重要的矿产资源被发现在某些地区,因此有一些那地就都归了地雷。其他大型地区成为牛牧场。似乎对每个人都有足够的土地。但这是一个困难的生活——一种无止境的工作和困难。 城市 1860年以后,工业革命改变了美国。美国人学会了如何生产的钢铁。他们开始生产石油。汽车被发明了。工厂各类开始出现,而在城市开始长大了工厂周围。农民和其他的国家里,人们搬到越来越多的城市人为了寻找工作,更容易的生活。在1900年代早期,城市工作忙、令人激动的地方。然而,也有很多贫穷和困苦。 城市增长的城市建筑taller-and不必得到增长out-they展开的中心。私有房屋和门廊与码就消失了。公寓,每一个个子比下、就住在他们的地方。越来越多的人搬到城市,越来越大,城市。 一些城市不能分散因为没有房间这么做。这些城市,纽约就是一个最好的例子,变得越来越拥挤。更多的人意味着更多的汽车、卡车、公交车、更大的噪音,更多的污染,以及更多的犯罪。许多城市变得丑陋肮脏。有些人而有些公司开始离开城市搬到郊区城市外围。 郊区 搬到郊区的仍然是发生。美国人正在寻找一小块土地,他们可以叫他们自己。他们想要一座房子和院子。然而,他们不想放弃好的工作在城市。在许多情况下,公司在郊区给他们的工作。在其他情况下,美国人常常通勤到城市,在城市他们职业。近年来,越来越多的企业开始向郊区迁移。他们吸引了很多人,郊区变得拥挤。 接下来要做什么? 美国人看了他们缓慢下落到大城市年久失修而死。许多人离开了城市中产阶级,只有非常富有的人和很多贫困的人呆在后面。有关美国人正设法解决这一问题的噪音、灰尘、犯罪和污染在大城市里。他们正试图重建坏的部分城市为了吸引和保持业务的人。他们正在努力使他们的城市美丽。如今,许多美国人都正在考虑搬回了城市。 其他美国人发现甚至郊区已经变得太拥挤了。他们正在寻找无污染的开阔空间和作为独立的生活方式。他们准备离开郊区到乡下。 也许美国人总是会在前进。 Caution: Bumpy Road Ahead
新编大学英语课后答案 Unit 1 Part One PREPARATION 1. Different Kinds of Personal Relationships STEP ONE parent—child employer—employee clerk—customer husband—wife write—reader driver—passenger teacher—student host—guest buyer—seller doctor—patient boyfriend—girlfriend performer—audience STEP TWO co-workers，colleagues，classmates，roommates，schoolmates，seatmates，playmates，lovers，supervisor，neighbors，co-author... Part Two Post-reading Reading Comprehension 1. 1. 1) A 2) B 3)A 4)A 5) B 6) C 7) A 8) C 2. 1) killed 2) wounded 3) arrived 4) girl 5) badly/seriously 6) blood 7) none 8) American 9) type 10) orphans 11) French 12) difficulty 13) frightened 14) would 15) cried 16) Vietnamese 17) dying 18) understand 19) willing 20) friend 3.（略） Vocabulary 1. 1) reply 2) land 3) pat 4) supplied 5) wound 6) pat 7) replied 8) signed 9) wounded 10) supplies 11) sign 12) balance 13) land 14) balance 2. run: 1) D 2) A 3)C 4)E 5) F 6) B match: 1) E 2) B 3)G 4)D 5) C 6) F 7) A 3. 1) Insert 2) in the balance 3) requests 4) relief 5) let out 6) tiny 7) steady 8) stiff 9) occasional 10) misunderstood 11) limited 12) action Translation 1) I'm tired. I should not have gone to bed so late last night. 2) I don't/didn't know Bob very well, but we go/went out for an occasional drink together. 3) We are supposed to meet her at the train station. 4) You could clearly see people drowning, but/and yet you took no action to save them. 5) Including weekends, there are only twelve more days to buy Christmas presents. 6) Without immediate action, many kinds of wild animals would die from hunger. Part Three FURTHER Development 1Grammar Review
课内阅读参考译文及课后习题答案(Book 4) Unit 1 享受幽默—什么东西令人开怀？ 1 听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心，古今中外都一样。这一现象或许同语言本身一样悠久。那么，到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑的呢？ 2 我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人，因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。这些学生文化差异很大，有来自拉丁美洲的，也有来自中国的。我还认真地思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。 3 为什么听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢？显然，有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。而且，我们也发现有的人很善于讲笑话，而有的人要想说一点有趣的事却要费好大的劲。我们都听人说过这样的话：“我喜欢笑话，但我讲不好，也总是记不住。”有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更具有音乐、数学之类的才能一样。一个真正风趣的人在任何场合都有笑话可讲，而且讲了一个笑话，就会从他记忆里引出一连串的笑话。一个缺乏幽默感的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的人。一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱，而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点。这么说是有道理的。 4 甚至有些动物也具有幽默感。我岳母从前经常来我们家，并能住上很长一段时间。通常她不喜欢狗，但却很喜欢布利茨恩—我们养过的一条拉布拉多母猎犬。而且，她们的这种喜欢是相互的。布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母，当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时，布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室，并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去，一直逗到外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。外祖母从椅子上一起来，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑，无疑是在说：“啊哈，你又上了我的当。” 5 典型的笑话或幽默故事由明显的三部分构成。第一部分是铺垫（即背景），接下来是主干部分（即故事情节），随后便是妙语（即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾）。如果这个妙语含有一定的幽默成分，这个笑话便会很有趣。通常笑话都包含这三部分，而且每部分都必须交代清楚。如果讲故事或说笑话的人使用听众都熟悉的手势和语言，则有助于增强效果。 6 我们可以对幽默这种娱乐形式，进行分析，从而发现究竟是什么使一个有趣的故事或笑话令人发笑。举例来说，最常见的幽默有以下几种，包括了从最显而易见的幽默到比较微妙含蓄的幽默。 7 “滑稽剧”是最明显的幽默。它语言简单、直截了当，常常以取笑他人为乐。说笑打闹这种形式过去是、现在仍然是滑稽说笑演员和小丑的惯用技巧。它为不同年龄、不同文化背景的人们所喜爱。几乎本世纪的每个讲英语的滑稽说笑演员都曾以这样或那样的方式说过下面这则笑话。一位男士问另一位男士：“昨晚我看到的那位和你在一起的贵妇是谁？”那位男士回答道：“那可不是什么贵妇，那是我老婆。”这个笑话的幽默之处在于第二位男士说他的妻子不是一位贵妇，也就是说她不是一个高雅的女人。这个笑话并没有因为经常讲而变得不再那么好笑。由于这是一个经典笑话，观众都知道要说什么，而且因为大家对这个笑话很熟悉而更加珍爱它。 8 中国的相声是一种特殊的滑稽剧。相声中两名中国喜剧演员幽默地谈论诸如官僚主义者、家庭问题或其他一些有关个人的话题。相声随处都能听到，无论是在乡村的小舞台上，还是在北京最大的剧院里，抑或在广播、电视上。它显然是中国人家喻户晓的一种传统的幽默形式。 9 “俏皮话”不像滑稽剧那样浅显，它是因语言的误用或误解而引人发笑。我特别喜欢
Unit 1 Alone in the Arctic Cold 一个人在北极严寒 一天打碎了非常寒冷和灰色,当那个人偏离主要育空试验和爬上斜坡,在那里的是一个朦胧而过去向东穿过了踪迹松林之间。坡率陡峭,而且他停顿了一下喘不过气来保持最佳的状态。没有太阳和缕阳光,尽管他天空无云。这是一个晴朗的日子,但在那里似乎是一个蒙上了一层水汽表面看来,把这天黑暗。这个事实不担心那个人。他被用来缺乏阳光。 那人回头而且他已经来了。育空河打下英里宽藏起来了以下3英尺的冰。这个世界上的冰一样多英尺的积雪。这是连续的白色的,除了一个黑暗的发际线了痕迹,向南延伸达500英里去的库特关口。 但是,整个神秘,深远的发际线跟踪,没有太阳从天空,巨大的冷的,陌生和怪异的没有什么印象all-made上了的人。他是新来的人在这地,这是他的第一个冬天。他的问题他是缺乏想象力。他很快和警惕在生活的一切,但只有在去吧,而不是在意义。意思eighty-odd零下五十度学位霜。这样的事实了冷漠,而且不舒服,就这些。它并不带他去思考男人的一般是脆弱,能够只活在确定的限度窄的热量和冷。零下五度代表点冰霜伤害必须提防,利用厚,暖和的衣服。50度以下零是他就精确50度零度以下。应该有其他东西了可那是一个思想,从来没有进过他的头上。 当他转身要走,他吐不确定。就有一个陡坡、易爆裂纹他的震惊。他吐了。又一次,空气里之前,这可能下降至雪吐口唾沫裂了。他知道五十岁的唾沫在雪地上闪现下面,但这吐口唾沫空气中闪现了。毫无疑问这个五十个更加寒冷below-how要冷得多了不知道。但是温度还显得无关紧要。他注定的老我的左边叉子汉德森的孩子们在小溪了。他们来了在山上从印度人小河的国家,虽然他来拐弯抹角看一看的可能性走出木材来源于群岛的育空。他要在六营地点,有点天黑之后,这是真的,但男孩们会去,火灾的去,和热晚饭将为此做好准备。 他陷入水中在大松树。踪迹减弱了。他很高兴他没有雪橇、旅游的光。事实上,他带着什么都是用午餐手帕。他很惊奇,然而,在寒冷。当然很冷,他总结道,他又揉麻木,鼻子和颧骨和他"握"手。 Memories of Afghanistan 阿富汗的记忆 Afghanistan-a国家一场人道主义灾难的边缘的土地,充满了逃离难民,饥饿的人,turbaned恐怖分子在训练营。电视画面告诉一个国家的故事破坏和贫穷的国家,几乎完全摧毁了二十年的战争和斗争。然而once-though poor-this真是一个值得骄傲的那国,并有美丽的国家,还能存活下来,许多世纪的严酷的历史。不要太长前,它还是一个国家在和平,有丰富的文化遗产… 除了欧洲国家,很少有国家在这个世界上,从来没有在殖民rule-or至少从不在最近的几次,:阿富汗是其中之一。许多几个世纪以前,成吉思汗的那军队策马撞倒从蒙古、无情地杀死了阿富汗的部落山敢于抵抗侵略者;但除此之外羞辱时期Afghans-who,在时间,其实是一种混合的三个独立的民族groups-have把头抬得高高的面对的入侵。
Unit 4 Fresh Start In-Class Reading Fresh Start 新的开端 1当我父母开车离去，留下我可怜巴巴地站在停车场上时，我开始寻思我在校园里该做什么。我决定我最想做的就是平安无事地回到宿舍。我感到似乎校园里的每个人都在看着我。我打定主意：竖起耳朵，闭上嘴巴，但愿别人不知道我是新生。 2第二天早上我找到了上第一堂课的教室，大步走了进去。然而，进了教室，我又碰到了一个难题。坐哪儿呢？犹豫再三，我挑了第一排边上的一个座位。3“欢迎你们来听生物101 课，”教授开始上课。天哪，我还以为这里是文学课呢！我的脖子后面直冒冷汗，摸出课程表核对了一下教室——我走对了教室，却走错了教学楼。 4怎么办？上课途中就站起来走出去？教授会不会生气？大家肯定会盯着我看。算了吧。我还是稳坐在座位上，尽量使自己看起来和生物专业的学生一样认真。 5下了课我觉得有点饿，便赶忙去自助食堂。我往托盘里放了些三明治就朝座位走去，就在这时，我无意中踩到了一大滩番茄酱。手中的托盘倾斜了，我失去了平衡。就在我屁股着地的刹那间，我看见自己整个人生在眼前一闪而过，然后终止在大学上课的第一天。 6摔倒后的几秒钟里，我想要是没有人看见我刚才的窘相该有多好啊。但是，食堂里所有的学生都站了起来，鼓掌欢呼，我知道他们不仅看见了刚才的情景，而且下决心要我永远都不会忘掉这一幕。 7接下来的三天里，我独自品尝羞辱，用以果腹的也只是些从宿舍外的售货机上买来的垃圾食品。到了第四天，我感到自己极需补充一些真正意义上的食物。也许三天时间已经足以让校园里的人把我忘在脑后了。于是我去了食堂。 8我好不容易排队取了食物，踮脚走到一张桌子前坐下。突然我听到一阵熟悉的“哗啦”跌倒声。抬头看见一个可怜的家伙遭遇了和我一样的命运。当人们开始像对待我那样鼓掌欢呼的时候，我对他满怀同情。他站起身，咧嘴大笑，双手紧握高举在头顶上，做出胜利的姿势。我料想他会像我一样溜出食堂，可他却转身重新盛一盘食物。就在那一刻，我意识到我把自己看得太重了。
Unit 6 Risks Risks and You At some time or other, all of us have played the part of a hypochondriac, imagining that we have some terrible disease on the strength of very minor symptoms. Some people just have to hear about a new disease and they begin checking themselves to see if they may be suffering from it. But fear of disease is not our only fear, and neither is risk of disease the only risk we run. Modern life is full of all manner of threats-to our lives, our peace of mind, our families, and our future. And from these threats come questions that we must pose to ourselves: Is the food I buy safe? Are toys for my children likely to hurt them? Should my family avoid smoked meats? Am I likely to be robbed on vacations? Our uncertainties multiply indefinitely. Anxiety about the risks of life is a bit like hypochondria; in both, the fear or anxiety feeds on partial information. But one sharp difference exists between the two. The hypochondriac can usually turn to a physician to get a definitive clarification of the situation-either you have the suspected disease or you don't. It is much more difficult when anxiety about other forms of risk is concerned, because with many risks, the situation is not as simple. Risks are almost always a matter of probability rather than certainty. You may ask, "Should I wear a seat belt?" If you' re going to have a head-on collision, of course. But what if you get hit from the side and end up trapped inside the vehicle, unable to escape because of a damaged seat belt mechanism? So does this mean that you should spend the extra money for an air bag? Again, in head-on collisions, it may well save your life. But what if the bag accidentally inflates while you are driving down the highway, thus causing an accident that would never have occurred otherwise? All of this is another way of saying that nothing we do is completely safe. There are risks, often potentially serious ones, associated with every hobby we have, every job we take, every food we eat-in other words, with every action. But the fact that there are risks associated with everything we are going to do does not, or should not, reduce us to trembling neurotics. Some actions are riskier than others. The point is to inform ourselves about the relevant risks and then act accordingly. For example, larger cars are generally safer than small ones in collisions. But how much safer? The answer is that you are roughly twice as likely to die in a serious crash in a
Para1 An artist who seeks fame is like a dogchasing his own tail who, when he captures it, does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it.The cruelty of success is that it often leads those who seek such success to participate in their own destruction. 艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。 "Don't quit your day job!" is advice frequently given by understandably pessimistic family members and friends to a budding artist who is trying hard to succeed. The conquest of fame is difficult at best, and many end up emotionally if not financially bankrupt. Still, impure motives such as the desire for worshipping fans and praise from peers may spur the artist on. The lure of drowning in fame's imperial glory is not easily resisted. 对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢！”他们的担心不无道理。追求出人头地，最乐观地说也困难重重，许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。 Fame's spotlight can be hotter than a tropical jungle－a fraud is quickly exposed, and the pressure of so much attention is too much for most to endure.It takes you out of yourself: You must be what the public thinks you are, not what you really are or could be. The performer, like the politician, must often please his or her audiences by saying things he or she does not mean or fully believe. Curiously enough, it is those who fail that reap the greatest reward: freedom! They enjoy the freedom to express themselves in unique and original ways without fear of losing the support of fans. Failed artists may find comfort in knowing that many great artists never found fame until well after they had passed away or in knowing that they did not sell out. They may justify their failure by convincing themselves their genius is too sophisticated for contemporary audiences. Unit2 He was an immensely talented man, determined to a degree unusual even in the ranks of Hollywood stars. His huge fame gave him the freedom—and, more importantly, the money—to be his own master. He already had the urge to explore and extend a talent he discovered in himself as he went along. "It can't be me. Is that possible? How extraordinary," is how he greeted the first sight of himself as the Tramp on the screen. But that shock rousedhis imagination.Chaplin didn't have his jokes written into a script in advance; he was the kind of comic who used his physical senses to invent his art as he went along. Lifeless objects especially helped Chaplin make "contact" with himself as an artist. He turned them into other kinds of objects. Thus, a broken alarm clock in the movie The Pawnbroker became a "sick" patient undergoing surgery; boots were boiled in his film The Gold Rush and their soles eaten with salt and pepper like prime cuts of fish (the nails being removed like fish bones). This physical transformation, plus the skill with which he executed it again and again, is surely the secret of Chaplin's great comedy. He also had a deep need to be loved—and a corresponding fear of being betrayed. The two were hard to combine and sometimes—as in his early marriages—the collision between them resulted in disaster. Yet even this painfully-bought self-knowledge found its way into his comic creations. The Tramp never loses his faith in the flower girl who'll be waiting to walk into the sunset with him; while the other side of Chaplin makes Monsieur Verdoux, the French wife killer, into a symbol of hatred for women.