Chapter 1
1. Economic analysis:
A) involves some simplifications of reality.
B) is only vaguely related to reality because if it did so coincide, it would not still be theory.
C) is impossible, because of the impossibility of a controlled experiment.
D) if it is good theory, involves no simplification of reality.
E) involves so much distortion of reality as to be worthless.
Ans: A
2. What are economic goods?
A) Goods that are very expensive.
B) Goods that are in scarce or limited supply.
C) Goods that a country produces and then trades to another county.
D) Goods that are vital to an individual's welfare.
E) All of the above.
Ans: B
3. "Scarcity" in economics refers basically to:
A) periods of famine.
B) monopolization of existing supplies of goods.
C) monopolization of resources to provide goods.
D) monopolization of outlets to sell goods.
E) none of the above.
Ans: E
4. "Distribution" in economics refers to:
A) retailing, wholesaling, and transportation.
B) what.
C) how.
D) for whom.
E) none of the above.
Ans: D
5. The three questions of what, how, and for whom:
A) relate to the three factors of production.
B) exist because of scarcity.
C) are more of a problem in a market economy.
D) are more of a problem in a command economy.
E) are no longer relevant.
Ans: B
6.The description of economics as, "cool heads in the service of warm hearts", means that:
A) allocating scarce resources may require painful decisions.
B) costs and benefits need to be weighed objectively.
C) the proper balance must be struck between the discipline of the market and the generosity of the welfare state.
D) all of the above.
E) none of the above.
Ans: D
7. When moving along a production possibilities frontier, the opportunity cost to society of obtaining more of one of the two goods:
A) is measured in dollar terms.
B) usually decreases as more of the good is produced.
C) is measured by the amount of the other good that must be given up.
D) is measured by the additional resources that must be used to produce the good.
E) is usually constant.
Ans: C
8.These data reflect three possible combinations of food and nothing that can be produced from a given set of resources.
Food 10 5 0
Clothing O X 50
Refer to the above data. If both clothing and food always use all inputs in the same proportion, then X must be:
A) 25.
B) more than 25.
C) less than 25.
D) 50.
E) cannot not be determined from the data
Ans: A
9. Being on the production-possibility frontier between guns and butter means that:
A) it is impossible to produce any more guns.
B) it is impossible to produce any more butter.
C) more guns can be produced only by doing without some butter.
D) population is in equilibrium.
E) if society becomes more productive in producing butter, then we can have more butter
but not more guns.
Ans: C
10. A shift in a production-possibility frontier can result from:
A) unemployment.
B) inflation.
C) changes in production techniques.
D) changes in the combination of goods produced.
E) changes in consumers' tastes.
Ans: C
11
Figure 1-1
Which point on the production-possibility frontiers drawn in Figure 1 indicates no consumption goods being produced?
A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) E.
Ans: E
12. Of the following points, which point reflects the most efficient use of available resources in relation to frontier AE in Figure 1-1?
A) F.
B) G.
C) C.
D) H.
E) Cannot tell from the information provided.
Ans: C
13.Relative to frontier A'E' in Figure 1-1, which of the following points is least efficient?
A) B'.
B) C'.
C) B.
D) C.
E) F.
Ans: E
14. Point A on which panel in Figure 1-2 represents an inefficient use of resources?
A) Panel A.
B) Panel B.
C) Panel C.
D) Panel D.
E) Panel E.
Ans: D
15. For a theory to be useful, it must be confirmed in each test case.
Ans: False
CHAPTER 2
1. In a market system, the what decision is made most basically by
A) representative government.
B) national planning.
C) bankers.
D) advertisers and their ability to persuade buyers.
E) spending decisions of those with money.
Ans: E
2. In a market economy, the presumed harmony between individual and public interest depends upon:
A) the good will of private business people.
B) careful planning and coordination of economic activity.
C) altruism on the part of consumers.
D) competitive markets and the pursuit of self-interest by individuals.
E) the wisdom of government decisions.
Ans: D
3. Pollution control policy is directed first and foremost at improving:
A) equity.
B) efficiency.
C) stability.
D) all of the above.
E) none of the above
Ans: B
4. Who is in charge of a market economy? That is, what agents and factors are the most important in determining market outcomes?
A) Large companies.
B) Congress and the president.
C) Consumers alone.
D) All producers.
E) Consumers and technology.
Ans: E
5. The principle of the "invisible hand" claims that:
A) the selfish pursuits of everyone's own interest will lead to the best good for all under market competition.
B) government must gently guide economic activity so that the best for all will be attained.
C) government policies work like an invisible hand, steering resources to their best use.
D) producers must quietly cooperate so that prices are not so low as to cause losses.
E) none of the above.
Ans: A
6. Consumers vote their dollars primarily in:
A) labor markets.
B) land markets.
C) capital markets.
D) goods markets .
E) none of the above.
Ans: D
7. Which of the following statements is true of specialization?
A) Specialization is inconsistent with the idea of individual freedom.
B) Economies that practice a division of labor are morally superior to those that do not.
C) In accepting specialization, a person sacrifices his or her own interests for the sake of society's interest.
D) While specialization has enormous advantages, the costs outweigh them.
E) Increased productivity is more likely to be achieved through specialization.
Ans: E
8. Which of the following is not an example of government regulation designed to curb a negative externality?
A) Anti-child labor laws.
B) Anti-pollution laws.
C) A national sales tax.
D) Legislation against strip mining.
E) The Clean Air Act.
Ans: C
9. Prices in factor markets are primarily determined by
A) government regulation.
B) big business collusion.
C) the interaction of business supply without household demand.
D) the interaction of household supply with business demand.
E) none of the above.
Ans: D
10. An economy dominated by imperfect competition is characterized by
A) too much output, and low prices compared to perfect competition.
B) same amount of output, and low prices compared to perfect competition.
C) too little output, and low prices compared to perfect competition.
D) too little output, and high prices compared to perfect competition.
E) too much output, and high prices compared to perfect competition.
Ans: D
11. Which of the following is the key requirement for imperfect competition?
A) Advertising.
B) Many buyers.
C) Many sellers.
D) Ability of a buyer or seller to affect a good's price.
E) Government policies.
Ans: D
12. Of the three basic problems in our modern economy, prices in a market system solve:
A) what and for whom, but physical scientists solve how.
B) what and how, but for whom is determined by social scientists.
C) how and for whom, but Congress solves the what.
D) each of the above, and no two are contradictory.
E) none of the above is accurate.
Ans: E
13. Which of the following would best determine, in a market economy, the answer to the for whom question?
A) Fairness.
B) International trade patterns.
C) Pricing of factors of production that people own.
D) Cost minimization.
E) Consumers' tastes and needs.
Ans: C
14. How goods are produced is determined by:
A) consumer demand.
B) government intervention to force businesses to produce goods cheaply.
C) big business activity.
D) business competition to buy factor inputs and sell goods most cheaply.
E) none of the above.
Ans: D
15. A "mixed economy may involve both perfect and imperfect competition.
Ans: True
CHAPTER 3
1.If E were the old equilibrium in the market for wheat in the figure below, and E' the new one, which of the following could have caused the change?
A) Consumer income rose, causing a supply shift.
B) Bad weather caused a supply shift.
C) Consumer income rose, causing a demand shift.
D) Supply and demand both shifted.
E) None of the above are plausible descriptions.
Ans: C
2. The demand curve for a normal good will shift to the left if:
A) income increases.
B) population increases
C) the price of a substitute good decreases.
D) all the above.
E) none of the above.
Ans: C
3. A price at which the amount people wish to buy exceeds the amount that people wish to produce (given upward-sloping supply curves):
A) lies above the equilibrium, market clearing price.
B) lies below the market clearing price.
C) will induce a shift in the demand schedule to achieve equilibrium.
D) is impossible.
E) is none of the above.
Ans: B
4. An increase in the supply of commodity X for any given price of X could be expected to be caused by
A) an increase in the prices of other commodities.
B) an increase in the prices of factors of production important to this commodity.
C) a reduction in the prices of factors of production important to this commodity.
D) an increase in consumer income.
E) none of the above.
Ans: C
5. Given the supply and demand curves drawn for a normal good in Figure 3-2, an increase in income can be expected to cause:
A) equilibrium price and quantity to increase.
B) equilibrium price to increase and equilibrium quantity to fall.
C) equilibrium price to increase while equilibrium quantity holds steady.
D) equilibrium price and quantity to fall.
E) equilibrium price to fall and equilibrium quantity to climb.
Ans: A
6. Let P* and Q* represent market clearing price and quantity, respectively. Given the supply and demand curves drawn in Figure 3-2, an increase in the price of an input employed in the production of Q can be expected to cause:
A) P* and Q* to climb.
B) P* to climb while Q* falls.
C) P* to climb while Q* holds steady.
D) P* to fall while Q* climbs.
E) P* and Q* to fall.
Ans: B
7. An increase in price will lead to a lower quantity demanded because:
A) suppliers will supply only the smaller amount.
B) quality deteriorates.
C) people will purchase less of the good.
D) all of the above.
E) none of the above.
Ans: C
8. Upward-sloping supply curves are the result of:
A) increasing returns to scale.
B) increasing costs of production.
C) changes in government policies.
D) changes in technology.
E) none of the above
Ans: E
9. Suppose that at the current market price, the amount which producers wish to produce and sell exceeds the amount that consumers wish to purchase. This price:
A) lies above the market clearing price.
B) lies below the market clearing price.
C) is impossible.
D) will induce a shift in the demand schedule.
E) none of the above.
Ans: A
10. In a competitive market, the market clearing quantity is determined primarily by:
A) the supply of the good.
B) the cost of producing the good in question.
C) the interaction of supply and demand.
D) the decisions of the buyers as to how much they are willing to pay.
E) all of the above.
Ans: E
11.
Let P* and Q* in Figure 3-4 represent market clearing price and quantity, respectively. Given the supply and demand curves drawn in Figure 3-4, a reduction in the price of a substitute good for Q can be expected to cause:
A) P* and Q* to climb.
B) P* to climb while Q* declines.
C) P* to climb while Q* holds fixed.
D) P* to fall while Q* climbs.
E) P* and Q* to fall.
Ans: E
12. Let P* and Q* represent market clearing price and quantity, respectively. Given the supply and demand curves drawn in Figure 3-4, a reduction in the price of an input used in the production of Q can be expected to cause:
A) P* and Q* to climb.
B) P* to climb while Q* falls.
C) P* to climb while Q* holds steady.
D) P* to fall while Q* climbs.
E) P* and Q* to fall.
Ans: D
13. Assume that automotive workers go on strike, so that the production of cars falls. Given the supply and demand curves in Figure 3-5, which of the following would result in comparison to the initial equilibrium position?
A) Prices fall, Quantity falls
B) Prices rise, Quantity falls
C) Prices rise, Quantity rises
D) Prices and Quantity do not change.
E) None of the above.
Ans: B
14. Assume that A represents demand for cars and B represents supply of cars. If A: P = 10,000 - 2Q and B: P = 6000 + 2Q, the equilibrium price and quantity are:
A) P = 1000, Q = 8000
B) P = 800, Q = 100
C) P = 8000, Q = 1000
D) P = 100, Q = 800
E) None of the above.
Ans: C
15. An increase in demand means a movement to a higher price along a given demand curve.
Ans: False
CHPA TER 4
1. Rank the points A, B and C on the demand curve in the figure below in order of greatest to least elasticity of demand.
A) C, A, B.
B) B, A, C.
C) A, B, C.
D) They are of equal elasticity.
E) More information is needed.
Ans: C
2. An increase in supply will lower price unless:
A) supply is perfectly price inelastic.
B) demand is perfectly price elastic.
C) it is followed by a reduction in quantity demanded.
D) demand is highly price inelastic.
E) both demand and supply are highly price inelastic.
Ans: B
3. A straight-line demand curve has which of the following properties?
A) Constant slope and varying price elasticity.
B) Constant income elasticity with varying slope.
C) Varying slope and varying cross elasticity.
D) Constant slope and constant price elasticity.
E) None of the above may be asserted in general.
Ans: A
4. If the burden of an excise tax is shifted forward completely onto the consumer, we can say that:
A) supply is perfectly price elastic.
B) demand is perfectly price elastic.
C) demand is more price elastic than supply.
D) supply is price inelastic and demand is price elastic.
E) none of the above.
Ans: A
5. In "tight" housing markets, rent controls are often applied to hold the price of housing to a "reasonable" level. What is the immediate effect of this price policy with respect to the allocative functions of prices, and the relative incomes of tenants and landlords?
A) The allocative function of prices is impaired, but the tenants are prevented from gaining at the expense of the landlords.
B) The allocative function of prices is not impaired, and the tenants are prevented from gaining at the expense of landlords.
C) The allocative function of prices is impaired, and the tenants who find housing gain at the expense of landlords.
D) The allocative function of prices is not impaired, but the landlords gain at the expense of tenants who do not find housing.
E) None of the above.
Ans: C
6. The price elasticity of supply shown in Figure 4-8 between points A and B is:
A) .1.
B) .5.
C) 1.
D) 5.
E) none of the above.
Ans: C
7. Suppose that successive price reductions reduce total revenue. The supplier faces a demand curve that is, in this region:
A) price elastic.
B) unitary elastic.
C) infinitely price elastic.
D) indeterminate.
E) price inelastic.
Ans: E
8. "If its advocates are correct, the minimum-wage bill passed by the House of Representatives would raise wages for nearly 7 million underpaid workers, but would have no noticeable effect on employment." The quotation implies that the demand for the labor services of the 7 million workers mentioned, with respect to the price of labor services, has elasticity equal to:
A) 2.
B) 5.
C) 1.
D) 0.
E) .5
Ans: D
9. A horizontal demand curve may be described as:
A) relatively price elastic.
B) perfectly price inelastic.
C) relatively price inelastic.
D) perfectly price elastic.
E) unit elastic.
Ans: D
10. f a good is in fixed supply, then the incidence of a tax
A) falls entirely on the consumers.
B) falls mostly on the producers and partly on consumers.
C) falls entirely on the producers.
D) depends on the elasticity of demand.
E) none of the above.
Ans: C
11. Refer to the Figure 4-13. What is the elasticity of the demand curve DD between points A and B?
A) 3.67
B) 1.8
C) 1.0
D) 0.56
E) None of the above
Ans: A
12. Refer to Figure 4-13. What is the elasticity of the demand curve DD between points B and C?
A) 3.33
B) 1.8
C) 1.0
D) 0.56
E) None of the above
Ans: B
13. Refer to Figure 4-13. What is the elasticity of the demand curve DD between points C and D?
A) 3.33
B) 1.8
C) 1.0
D) 0.56
E) None of the above
Ans: C
14. If at a price of $8, quantity bought will be 3300 per day, and at $12, quantity bought will be 2700 per day, then the price elasticity of demand is approximately:
A) 0.4
B) 0.5
C) 0.7
D) 2.0
E) 2.5
Ans: B
15. Given a relatively, but not perfectly, price elastic supply curve, an increase in demand will certainly:
A) raise price but leave quantity sold unchanged.
B) raise price and increase quantity sold.
C) lower price, since supply cannot increase except through the inducement of higher price.
D) reduce quantity sold but leave price unchanged.
E) do none of the above, since "increase in demand" refers to a movement along a given demand curve.
Ans: B
CHAPTER 5
1.In the figure below, the drop in consumer surplus resulting from an increase in price from 5 to
10 is given by the area:
A) FGH
B) CEH
C) FGDC
D) CEGF
E) DEG
Ans: D
2. A change in which of the following should not affect the demand for hot coffee?
A) The price of coffee.
B) The price of tea.
C) Consumer incomes.
D) The weather.
E) All the above affect the demand for coffee.
Ans: A
3. The paradox of value notes that:
A) there is no rational explanation why people should set a high value on objects such as diamonds, which have little real usefulness.
B) the price obtained from selling any commodity may bear little relationship to the cost of producing it.
C) supply and demand curves do very little to explain how value (or price) is determined.
D) no one consumer has any control over the price (or value) of a commodity, but consumers collectively do have such control.
E) there is no consistent relationship between the total utility obtained from any commodity and the price charged for it.
Ans: E
4. To be in equilibrium (i.e., to maximize satisfaction), the consumer must:
A) purchase no inferior goods.
B) equalize the marginal utilities of the last unit purchased of every commodity.
C) be sure that the prices of all commodities purchased are proportional to their total utilities.
D) be sure that the price of each good is equal to the marginal utility of money.
E) allocate income so that the last penny spent on any good generates the same increment of utility as the last penny spent on any other good.
Ans: E
5. If I get 10 units of total utility (TU) from 2 oranges, 14 of TU from 3 oranges, and 17 of TU from 4 oranges, I obey the law of diminishing marginal utility because:
A) MU falls as consumption increases.
B) TU increases as consumption increases.
C) TU > MU.
D) MU > TU.
E) MU = TU.
Ans: A
6. For a normal good, the substitution effect of a price increase:
A) pushes the quantity demanded down along with the income effect.
B) pushes the quantity demanded down enough that the income effect cannot push demand higher.
C) pushes the quantity demanded up, but not enough to dominate an income effect that ultimately pushes demand down.
D) has an effect on the quantity demanded that is identical to the income effect.
E) pushes the quantity demanded up along with the income effect.
Ans: A
7. Table 5-1
Total Utility
Units 1 2 3 4 5
Good X 120 216 288 336 360
Good Y 90 160 220 270 305
Refer to Table 5-1. If good X costs $6 per unit and good Y costs $5 per unit, at what quantities of X and Y is utility maximized if the budget is $31?
A) X = 2, Y = 3
B) X = 4, Y = 5
C) X = 3, Y = 4
D) X = 3, Y = 3
E) None of the above
Ans: D
8. Refer to Table 5-1. Suppose now X costs $8 per unit and Y costs $5 per unit. For what amounts of X and Y are (marginal utility)/price equal?
A) X = 3, Y = 4
B) X = 4, Y = 5
C) X = 2, Y = 3
D) X = 1, Y = 2
E) None of the above
Ans: C
9. Refer to Figure 5-6. What is total market demand at P = 5?
A) 0
B) 5
C) 10
D) 15
E) None of the above
Ans: B
10. Suppose Mary is currently spending all her income on cookies and milk. The marginal utility of cookies is 15, the price of cookies is $5, the marginal utility of milk is 10, and the price of milk is $1. To increase her total utility, Mary should:
A) buy more cookies and less milk.
B) buy more milk and fewer cookies.
C) buy more of both goods.
D) buy less of both goods.
E) do nothing. She is currently maximizing utility with her limited budget.
Ans: B
11. The income effect describes:
A) the percentage change in consumption of a good given some percentage change in the price of another good.
B) the fact that when the price of a good falls, consumers will substitute it into their market baskets in place of relatively more expensive goods.
C) the fact that when the price of a good falls, consumers will have more purchasing power with the same nominal income.
D) the effect of a change in consumer income on the quantity of a good demanded.
E) an upward-sloping demand curve.
Ans: C
一、单选题（70题） 1. 下列哪一种资源是最不具有稀缺性的（） A．医生；B．苹果；C．铁矿石；D．空气； 2. 下列中的哪一个问题是最有可能被微观经济学家所研究的（） A. 一般物价的膨胀； B. 整个经济中的失业； C. 总产出的增长率； D. 汽车行业中的劳动就业； 3. 下列中的哪一个属于规范经济问题（） A. 通货膨胀和失业是由什么引起的 B. 政府应该雇用所有失业的工人吗 C. 消费者如何对较低的价格做出反应 D. 收入与储蓄之间的关系是什么 4. 经济学有时被称作社会科学的皇后，这是因为：（） A.它强调经济增长和经济发展； B. 几乎所有的学生都必须学习经济学； C. 它的边际分析方法广泛应用于其他学科； D. 规范经济学和实证经济学的区别。 5. 经济学家的理性行为假定：（） A.仅仅在其提供有效预测的限度内才是有用的。 B.导致错误的理论，因为人们并非总是理性的。 C.只有当所有人都是理性的，才是有用的。 D.不管人们是否为理性的，都是有效的。 6. 微观经济学研究（），宏观经济学研究（）。 A．现实的经济问题，抽象的经济理论；B．个量经济，总量经济 C．理性行为，非理性行为；D．企业行为，政府行为 7．经济学可定义为（）。 A．政府对市场制度的干预 B.企业赚取利润的活动 C.研究稀缺资源如何有效配置的问题 D.个人的生财之道 8．“资源是稀缺的”是指（） A．资源是不可再生的 B.资源必须留给下一代 C.资源终将被耗费殆尽 D.相对于需求而言,资源总是不足的. 9．失业问题如果反映在生产可能性曲线图上，可记为（） A．生产可能性曲线内的一点 B.生产可能性曲线上的一点
Chapter 17 Monopolistic Competition 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. _ __. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. _ __. 1. Because monopolistically competitive firms produce differentiated products, each firm ( d ) a.faces a demand curve that is horizontal. b.faces a demand curve that is vertical. c.has no control over product price. d.has some control over product pric e. 2. Which of the following conditions distinguishes monopolistic competition from perfect competition? ( d ) a. Number of sellers. b. Freedom of entry and exit. c. Small size firms. d. Differentiation of product. 3. A firm in a monopolistically competitive market is similar to a monopolist in the sense that it ( b ) a.must overcome significant barriers to entry. b.faces a downward-sloping demand curve. c.there are no barriers to entry or exit. d.there is only one seller of the good. 4. If existing firms in the fast-food market, which is a monopolistically competitive market, realize sizable economic profits in the short run, the demand of existing firms will ( a ) a.decrease and become more elastic. b.decrease and become less elasti c. c.increase and become more elastic. d.increase and become less elastic.
第一章引论 一、单选题(70题) 1、下列哪一种资源就是最不具有稀缺性的?( ) A.医生; B.苹果; C.铁矿石; D.空气; 2、下列中的哪一个问题就是最有可能被微观经济学家所研究的?( ) A、一般物价的膨胀; B、整个经济中的失业; C、总产出的增长率; D、汽车行业中的劳动就业; 3、下列中的哪一个属于规范经济问题? ( ) A、通货膨胀与失业就是由什么引起的? B、政府应该雇用所有失业的工人不? C、消费者如何对较低的价格做出反应? D、收入与储蓄之间的关系就是什么? 4、经济学有时被称作社会科学的皇后,这就是因为:( ) A、它强调经济增长与经济发展; B、几乎所有的学生都必须学习经济学; C、它的边际分析方法广泛应用于其她学科; D、规范经济学与实证经济学的区别。 5、经济学家的理性行为假定:( ) A、仅仅在其提供有效预测的限度内才就是有用的。 B、导致错误的理论,因为人们并非总就是理性的。 C、只有当所有人都就是理性的,才就是有用的。 D、不管人们就是否为理性的,都就是有效的。 6、微观经济学研究( ) ,宏观经济学研究( )。
A.现实的经济问题,抽象的经济理论; B.个量经济,总量经济 C.理性行为,非理性行为; D.企业行为,政府行为 7.经济学可定义为( )。 A.政府对市场制度的干预B、企业赚取利润的活动 C、研究稀缺资源如何有效配置的问题 D、个人的生财之道 8.“资源就是稀缺的”就是指( ) A.资源就是不可再生的B、资源必须留给下一代 C、资源终将被耗费殆尽 D、相对于需求而言,资源总就是不足的、 9.失业问题如果反映在生产可能性曲线图上,可记为( ) A.生产可能性曲线内的一点B、生产可能性曲线上的一点 C、生产可能性曲线以外的一点 D、不在该平面直角坐标系上、 10.下列哪一项会导致一国生产可能性曲线的外移？( ) A.股市持续走强B、通货膨胀 C、有用资源被发掘或技术进步 D、消费品生产增加,资本品生产下降、 11.一个经济体系必须作出的基本选择就是( )。 A.生产什么,生产多少B、如何生产C、为谁生产D、以上都包括 12.计划经济体制解决资源配置问题的方式有( )。 A.分散决策B、竞争生产C、纵向传递信息D、要素市场定价 13.在市场经济体制中,价格不发挥哪个功能( )？ A.激励功能B、集中资源办大事C、收入再分配功能D、信息传递功能 14、下列哪个陈述不属于实证主义陈述( )? A、1990年的海湾危机引起石油价格上升,并导致了汽油消费的下降。
微观经济学试题 出题人：郑勇 一、单选题（每题2分，共20分） 1、经济学研究的基本问题是（） A、怎样生产 B、生产什么，生产多少 C、为谁生产 D、以上都是 2、下列各项哪一项会导致一国生产可能性曲线向外移动（） A、失业 B、有用性资源增加或技术进步 C、通货膨胀 D、经济能力增长惟一决定于劳动力数量 3、保持所有其它因素不变，某种商品的价格下降将导致（） A、失业 B、有用性资源增加或技术进步 C、通货膨胀 D、经济能力增长惟一决定于劳动力数量 4、若某行业中许多生产者生产一种标准化产品，我们可以估计到其中任何 一个生产者的需求将是：（） A、毫无弹性 B、有单元弹性 C、缺乏弹性 D、富有弹性 5、如果人们收入水平提高，食物在总支出中的比重将（） A、大大增加 B、稍有增加 C、下降 D、不变 6、若无差异曲线上任一点的斜率为：－1/2，这意味着消费者有更多x的时， 他更愿意放弃（）单位x而获得一单位y。 A、1/2 B、2 C、1 D、1.5 7、恩格尔曲线从（）导出 A、价格——消费曲线 B、收入——消费曲线 C、需求曲线 D、无差异曲线 8、使用自有资金也应计算利息收入，这种利息从成本角度看是（） A、固定成本 B、隐含成本 C、会计成本 D、生产成本 9、长期成本曲线呈“U”型的原因与（）有关 A、规模报酬 B、外部经济与不经济 C、要素的边际生产 D、固定成本与可变成本所占比重 10、在拐折需求曲线模型中，拐点左右两边的需求弹性是（） A、左边大，右边小 B、左边小，右边大 C、左右一样大 D、、以上均不对 二、判断是非题（每题1分，共10分） （注：对的打“√”，错的打“×”） 1、实证经济学回答的问题是：应该是什么（） 2、对于一个正常品来说，它的替代品价格上涨时，它的需求曲线回向右上 方移动（）
Chapter 9 Application: International Trade 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. _ __ 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. _ __ 1. Nations would gain from trade if a(n) ________ exists. ( c ) a.absolute advantage b.specialization https://www.doczj.com/doc/3813076777.html,parative advantage d.infant industry 2. If Canada has a comparative advantage over Denmark in the production of wood, this implies that ( b ) a.it requires fewer resources in Canada than in Denmark to produce wood. b.the opportunity cost of producing wood in Canada is lower than in Denmark. c.Denmark does not benefit by trading with Canada. d.Canada should buy wood from Denmark. 3. Domestic producers gain from the opportunity to export goods to foreign countries because ( a ) a.the free-trade price of the good is higher than the domestic price in the absence of trade. b.producers are able to reach a wider market. c.although the free-trade price is lower than in the absence of trade, producers are able to sell a greater quantity. d.production rises, although there is no change in the price of the good compared to the no-trade situation. 4. If at the world equilibrium price the U.S. quantity demanded is greater than the U.S. quantity supplied, then ( a ) a.the United States will import the good. b.the United States will export the good. c.the world price will fall. d.the world price will ris e.
一、填空题（每空 1 分，共20 分） 1．“生产什么”、“如何生产”和“为谁生产”是人类社会所必须解决的基本问题，这三个问题被称为_______问题。 2．需求曲线向左移动是需求_________，向右移动是需求____________。 3．边际效用是指某种物品的消费量每增加一单位所增加的_____________。 4．生产要素是指生产中所使用的各种资源，这些资源可以分为________、________、土地和企业家才能。 5．在完全竞争市场上，平均收益__________边际收益；而在其他市场上，一般是平均收益________边际收益。 6．分配理论是__________理论在分配问题上的应用。 7．公共物品是由集体消费的物品，它的特征是消费的__________和_________。 8．国内生产净值－间接税＝_____________。 9．M2＝______________＋___________。 10．消费函数图中的45°线表示在这条线上任何一点都是____________。 11．货币供给是指_______________。 12．周期性失业又称为___________的失业，是由于_________而引起的短期失业。13．在开放经济中，出口的增加会使均衡的国内生产总值________，贸易收支状况_______。 二、单项选择题：从下列每小题的四个选项中，选出一项正确的，将其标号填在题后的括号内。（每小题 2 分，共20 分） 1．一种商品的需求曲线向右下方倾斜，如果其供给曲线向左移动则会引起：（） A。均衡数量增加，均衡价格上升B。均衡数量增加，均衡价格下降 C。均衡数量减少，均衡价格上升D。均衡数量减少，均衡价格下降 2．已知X商品的价格为5元，Y商品的价格为2元。如果消费者从这两种商品的消费中得到最大效用时，商品Y的边际效用为30，那么，此时X商品的边际效用为：（） A。60 B。45 C。150 D。75 3．内在经济是指：（） A。一个企业在生产规模扩大时由自身内部所引起的产量增加 B。一个企业在生产规模扩大时由自身内部所引起的产量或收益减少 C。一个行业的扩大对其中每个企业带来的产量或收益的增加 D。整个社会经济的发展给一个企业所带来的产量或收益的增加 4．垄断竞争市场上长期均衡的条件是：（） A。MR=MC B。MR=MC，AR=AC C。AR=AC D。MR=AC 5．当劳伦斯曲线和绝对平均线所夹面积为零时，基尼系数：（） A。等于零B。等于一C。等于无穷大D。无法确定 6．最全面反映经济中物价水平变动的物价指数：（） A。消费物价指数B。生产物价指数 C。GDP平减指数D。遗憾指数 7．假如要使经济增长率从5%提高到8%，在储蓄率为20%的条件下，根据哈罗德模型，资本—产量比率应该是：（） A。4 B。2。5 C。6 D。5 8．在总需求的构成中，哪一项与物价水平无关：（） A。消费需求B。投资需求C。政府需求D。国外的需求 9．在IS曲线不变的情况下，货币量增加会引起：（） A。国内生产总值增加，利率下降B。国内生产总值增加，利率上升
曼昆微观经济学英文版课后练习题第一章
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1 Chapter 1 Ten Principles of Economics Multiple Choice 1. The word that comes from the Greek word for "one who manages a household" is a. market. b. consumer. c. producer. d. economy. ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 1-0 TOP: Economy MSC: Definitional 2. The word “economy” comes from the Greek word oikonomos , which means a. “environment.” b. “production.” c. “one who manages a househol d.” d. “one who makes decisions.” ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 1-0 TOP: Economy MSC: Definitional 3. Resources are a. scarce for households but plentiful for economies. b. plentiful for households but scarce for economies. c. scarce for households and scarce for economies. d. plentiful for households and plentiful for economies. ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 1-0 TOP: Resources, Scarcity MSC: Interpretive 4. Economics deals primarily with the concept of a. scarcity. b. poverty. c. change. d. power. ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 1-0 TOP: Scarcity MSC: Definitional 5. Which of the following questions is not answered by the decisions that every society must make? a. What determines consumer preferences? b. What goods will be produced? c. Who will produce the goods? d. Who will consume the goods? ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 1-0 TOP: Economies MSC: Interpretive 6. The overriding reason as to why households and societies face many decisions is that a. resources are scarce. b. goods and services are not scarce. c. incomes fluctuate with business cycles. d. people, by nature, tend to disagre e. ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 1-0 TOP: Scarcity MSC: Interpretive 7. The phenomenon of scarcity stems from the fact that a. most economies’ production methods are not very good. b. in most economies, wealthy people consume disproportionate quantities of goods and services. c. governments restricts production of too many goods and services. d. resources are limited. ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 1-0 TOP: Scarcity MSC: Interpretive
微观经济学试题库 一、单选题（每题2分，共20分） 1、经济学研究的基本问题是（） A、怎样生产 B、生产什么，生产多少 C、为谁生产 D、以上都是 2、下列各项哪一项会导致一国生产可能性曲线向外移动（） A、失业 B、有用性资源增加或技术进步 C、通货膨胀 D、经济能力增长惟一决定于劳动力数量 3、保持所有其它因素不变，某种商品的价格下降将导致（） A、失业 B、有用性资源增加或技术进步 C、通货膨胀 D、经济能力增长惟一决定于劳动力数量 4、若某行业中许多生产者生产一种标准化产品，我们可以估计到其中任何 一个生产者的需求将是：（） A、毫无弹性 B、有单元弹性 C、缺乏弹性 D、富有弹性 5、如果人们收入水平提高，食物在总支出中的比重将（） A、大大增加 B、稍有增加 C、下降 D、不变 6、若无差异曲线上任一点的斜率为：－1/2，这意味着消费者有更多x的时， 他更愿意放弃（）单位x而获得一单位y。 A、1/2 B、2 C、1 D、1.5 7、恩格尔曲线从（）导出 A、价格——消费曲线 B、收入——消费曲线 C、需求曲线 D、无差异曲线 8、使用自有资金也应计算利息收入，这种利息从成本角度看是（） A、固定成本 B、隐含成本 C、会计成本 D、生产成本 9、长期成本曲线呈“U”型的原因与（）有关 A、规模报酬 B、外部经济与不经济 C、要素的边际生产 D、固定成本与可变成本所占比重 10、在拐折需求曲线模型中，拐点左右两边的需求弹性是（） A、左边大，右边小 B、左边小，右边大 C、左右一样大 D、、以上均不对 二、判断是非题（每题1分，共10分） （注：对的打“√”，错的打“×”） 1、实证经济学回答的问题是：应该是什么（） 2、对于一个正常品来说，它的替代品价格上涨时，它的需求曲线回向右上
rkets WHAT’S NEW IN THE SIXTH EDITION: There are no major changes to this chapter. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of this chapter, students should understand: the link between buyers’ willingness to pay for a good and the demand curve. how to define and measure consumer surplus. the link between sellers’ costs of producing a good and the supply curve. how to define and measure producer surplus. that the equilibrium of supply and demand maximizes total surplus in a market. CONTEXT AND PURPOSE: Chapter 7 is the first chapter in a three-chapter sequence on welfare economics and market efficiency. Chapter 7 employs the supply and demand model to develop consumer surplus and producer surplus as a measure of welfare and market efficiency. These concepts are then 7 CONSUMERS, PRODUCERS, AND THE EFFICIENCY OF MARKETS
Managerial Economics
Part 1: 1. The price of good A goes up. As a result the demand for good B shifts to the left. From this we can infer that: a. good A is a normal good. b. good B is an inferior good. c. goods A and B are substitutes. d. goods A and B are complements. e. none of the above. Choose: d) the definition os complements 2. Joe's budget line is 15F + 45C = 900. When Joe chooses his most preferred market basket, he buys 10 units of C. therefore, he also buys : a. 10 units of F b. 30 units of F c. 50 units of F d. 60 units of F e. None of the above Choose: b) We assume that Joe will spend all his income. If C = 10, then 15F =900 –45(10) =450, so F = 450/15 =30. 3. Kim only buys coffee and compact discs. Coffee costs $0.60 per cup, and CDs cost $12.00 each. She has $18 per week to spend on these two goods. If Kim is maximizing her utility, her marginal rate of substitution of coffee for CDs is: a. 0.05 b. 20 c. 18 d. 1.50 e. None of the above Choose: a) At Kim's most preferred market basket, her MRS equals the price ratio (Pcoffee/PCD), which equals 0.6/12 or 0.05.
微观经济学试题 一、填空题：在题目中的空格上填入正确答案 1、微观经济学研究对象是；解决的问题是；中心理论是；研究方法是。 2、两种互补商品之间价格与需求量成方向变动，两种替代商品之间价格与需求量成方向变动。 3、均衡价格是指一种商品的与相等时的价格，它在图形上是 和相交时的价格。 4、当边际效用为正数时，总效用是；当边际效用为零时，总效用；当边际效用为负数时，总效用是。 5、等产量线是一条向倾斜，其斜率为。在同一平面图上有 条等产量线，它们互相不能相交，离原点越远的等产量线所代表的产量水平。 6、边际成本曲线与平均成本曲线相交于平均成本曲线的。在边际成本曲线与平均成本曲线相交之前，边际成本平均成本；而在相交后，边际成本平均成本；只有在相交时，边际成本平均成本，这时，平均成本处于。 7、在完全竞争市场上，平均收益边际收益；而在其他市场上，一般是平均收益边际收益。 8、经济生产的选择包括、、 这样三个问题，这三个问题被称为问题。 9、生产可能线又称，它是一条表明在条件下，社会可能达到的两种产品最大产量组合的曲线。 10、当今世界上解决资源配置和资源利用的经济经济体制基本有两种，一种是，一种是。 11、宏观经济学研究的对象是，解决的问题是，中心理论是，研究方法是。 12、微观经济学基本假设条件有、、。 13、需求弹性分为、、。 14、根据需求弹性的弹性系数的大小，可以把需求的价格弹性分为：、、、、、五类。 15、在需求价格弹性大于1的条件下，卖者适当降低价格能总收益。 16、在需求价格弹性小于1的条件下，卖者适当价格能增加总收益。 17、基数效用论采用的是分析法，序数效用论采用 分析法。
微观经济学关键概念中英文对照 CHAPTER 1 scarcity稀缺性 economics经济学 efficiency效率 equity平等 opportunity cost机会成本 rational people理性人 marginal changes边际变动 incentive激励 market economy市场经济 property rights产权 market failure市场失灵 externality外部性 market power市场势力 productivity生产率 inflation通货膨胀 business cycle经济周期
CHAPTER 2 circular-flow diagram循环流向图production possibilities frontier生产可能性边界 microeconomics微观经济学 macroeconomics宏观经济学 positive statements实证表述 normative statements规范表述 CHAPTER 3 absolute advantage绝对优势 opportunity cost机会成本 comparative advantage比较优势 imports进口 exports出口 CHAPTER 4 market市场 competitive market竞争市场 quantity demanded需求量 law of demand需求定理 demand schedule需求表 demand curve需求曲线
normal good正常物品 inferior good低档物品 substitutes替代品 complements互补品 quantity supplied供给量 law of supply供给定理 supply schedule供给表 supply curve供给曲线 equilibrium均衡 equilibrium price均衡价格 equilibrium quantity均衡数量 surplus过剩 shortage短缺 law of supply and demand供求定理 CHAPTER 5 elasticity弹性 price elasticity of demand需求价格弹性 total revenue总收益 income elasticity of demand需求收入弹性cross-price elasticity of demand需求的交叉价格弹性price elasticity of supply供给价格弹性
《微观经济学》模拟试题与答案 一、名词解释（每小题3分，共15分） 1、均衡价格 某商品的市场需求量与市场供给量相等时的价格（2分），这种均衡价格出现在市场需求曲线与市场供给曲线相交的交点上，该交点为均衡点（1分）。 2、生产者剩余 厂商在提供一定的某种产品时实际接受的总支付与愿意接受的最小总支付之间的差额（2分），我们可以用市场价格线以下和供给线以上的面积来表示生产者剩余。（1分） 3、边际成本 边际成本（MC ）是厂商增加一单位产量时所增加的总成本（2分），公式为dQ dTC MC （1分）。 4、寡头市场 少数几家厂商控制整个市场的产品和销售的市场组织，是一种较为普遍的市场组织。（3分） 5、帕累托最优 对于某种资源配置状态，任意的改变都不能使至少一个人的状况变好而又不使任何人的状况变坏，则称这种资源配置状态为帕累托最优状态。（3分） 二、简答（每小题10分，共50分） 1、简述影响需求价格弹性的因素。 （1）商品的可替代性。一般来说，一种商品的可替代品越多，相近程度越高，高商品的需求的价格弹性就越大，反之则需求价格弹性越小。（2分） （2）商品用途的广泛性。用途越广泛，需求的价格弹性就越大，反之则越小（2分）。 （3）商品对消费者生活的重要程度。对消费者生活越重要，弹性越小，反之则弹性越大。（2分） （4）商品的消费支出在消费者预算总支出中所占的比重，比重越大，需求的价格弹性越大，反之则越小。（2分） （5）消费者调节需求量的时间，一般来说，所考察的调节时间越长，则需求的价格弹性越大，反之则越小。（2分）
2、单一要素的生产过程的合理投入区域是如何确定的？ Q TP 第一阶段第二阶段第三阶段 AP L MP 一种可变生产因素的生产函数的产量曲线图示（2分） 生产的合理投入区域是平均产量最大直到边际产量为零的阶段（2分）。 在图示的第一阶段，劳动的平均产量始终上升，且达到最大值，劳动的边际产量上升达到最大值，然后开始下降，劳动的总产量实证则增加，这说明生产者只有增加可变因素劳动的投入量就可以较大幅度地增加总产量，任何理性的生产者都不会在这一阶段停止增加劳动投入，他们会不断扩大生产进入第二阶段。（2分） 在图示的第三阶段，劳动的平均产量继续陷阱，边际产量降为负值，总产量也在下降，这说明劳动的投入过多，减少劳动的投入是有利的，所理性的生产者会减少劳动投入回到第二阶段。（2分） 因此，短期生产的合理投入区域是第二阶段，生产者可以得到由第一阶段增加可变因素投入所带来的全部好处，也可以避免将可变因素投入增加到第三阶段而带来的不利影响。（2分） 3、结合图形说明垄断厂商的一级价格歧视。 以不同的价格销售同一种商品，就是价格歧视。厂商实施价格歧视的目的是为了侵占消费者剩余（2分） 如果厂商对每一单位的产品都按消费者所愿意支付的最高价格出售，就是一级价格歧视。（2分）
西方经济学（微观部分）期末考试试卷（A卷）考试科目：微观经济学 考试类型：（闭卷）考试时间：120 分钟学号姓名年级专业 一、单项选择题（每题0.5分，共15分，将正确答案填入答题纸上） 1.看不见的手一般指（） A、机会成本 B、政府 C、利润 D、价格 2.经济学中的“稀缺性”是指（） A 世界上大多数人生活在贫困中B、相对于资源的需求而言，资源总是不足的C用资源必须考虑下一代 D、世界上的资源终将被人类消耗光 3.如果x与y商品是互补品，x价格下降，将使y（） A、需求量增加 B、需求增加 C、需求量减少 D、需求减少 4.冰棒的需求价格弹性（）药品的需求价格弹性 A、大于 B、小于 C、等于 D、大于或等于 5.下列命题中哪个是规范经济学的命题?( ) A.征税对中等收入家庭是不公平的 B. 1982年8月政府把贴现率降到10％ C. 1981年失业率超过9％ D.社会保险税的课税依据现已超过30000美元 6.如果消费者的预算收入为50美元，商品X和Y的价格均为5美元，消费者打算购买6单位X和4单位Y，商品X、Y的边际效用分别为25和20，那么，要达到效用最大化，他应该（） A、按原计划购买 B、减少X和Y的购买量 C、增加X、Y的购买量 D、增加X的同时减少Y的量 7.消费者预算线发生平移时，连接消费者均衡点的曲线称为（） A、需求曲线； B、价格－消费曲线； C、收入－消费曲线； D、恩格尔曲线。
8.当某人面对一张彩票时，如果是212111UW P W PU W P PW U )()(])([-+?-+，则意味着这个人是属于下列哪一类人 ( ) A ．风险回避者 B ．风险喜爱者 C ．风险中立者 D ．都不是 9.如果某厂商增加一单位劳动使用量能够减少三单位资本， 而仍生产同样的产出量，则MRTS LK 为：（ ） A 1/3 B 3 C -3 D 6 10. MC 曲线达到最低时（ ） A MP 最大 B AV C 最小 C TC 最大 D AC 最小 11.某厂商每年从企业的总收入中取出一部分作为自己所提供的生产要素的报酬,这部分资金被视为（ ）。 A 、显成本； B 、隐成本； C 、会计成本 D 、经济利润。 https://www.doczj.com/doc/3813076777.html,C 曲线（ ）。 A 当LMC ＜LAC 时下降，而当LMC ＞LAC 时上升 B 随LM C 曲线下降而下降 C ．随LMC 曲线上升而上升 D.通过LMC 曲线的最低点 13. 在完全竞争市场中，（ ）。 A 消费者是价格接受者，而企业不是 B 消费者和企业都不是价格接受者 C 消费者和企业都是价格接受者 D 企业是价格接受者，而消费者不是 14．一个企业在以下哪种情况下应该关闭？（ ） A P ＜AVC B P ＜SAC C 发生亏损时 D SMC ＞MR 15.短期内，完全竞争厂商只能通过对（ ）调整来实现最大利润。 A.生产规模 B.价格 C.全部生产要素 D.产量 16. 完全竞争厂商的短期供给曲线应该是（ ） A 曲线上超过平均成本最低点的部分 B 曲线上超过收支相抵点的部分 C 曲线上的停止营业点和超过停止营业点以上的部分 D 曲线上的收支相抵点和超过收支相抵点以上的部分 17.下列哪一种情况对单一价格垄断者是不正确的？( ) A. 由于只有一个企业，企业的需求就是行业的需求 B. 由于没有替代品，需求缺乏弹性 C. 平均收益曲线就是需求曲线 D. 边际收益小于价格 18.寡头垄断和垄断竞争之间的主要区别是（ ）。 a.厂商的广告开支不同 b.非价格竞争的种类不同 c.厂商之间相互影响的程度不同 d.以上都不对 19. 下列那一个不是垄断竞争的特征（ ） A.厂商数目很少 B.进出该行业容易 C.存在产品差别 D.厂商忽略竞争对手的反应
Chapter 01 Thinking Like an Economist Multiple Choice Questions 1. Economics is best defined as the study of: A. prices and quantities. B. inflation and interest rates. C. how people make choices under the conditions of scarcity and the results of those choices. D. wages and incomes. 2. Economic questions always deal with: A. financial matters. B. political matters. C. insufficient resources. D. choice in the face of limited resources. 3. The range of topics or issues that fit within the definition of economics is: A. limited to market activities, e.g., buying soap. B. limited to individuals and firms. C. extremely wide, requiring only the ideas of choice and scarcity. D. very limited.
计算题: 1、 已知某厂商的生产函数为:Q=L 3/8K 5/8,又设P L =3,P K =5。 ⑴、 求产量Q=10时的最低成本支出与使用的L 与K 的数量。(5分) ⑵、 求产量Q=25时的最低成本支出与使用的L 与K 的数量。(5分) 求总成本为160时,厂商均衡的Q 、K 、L 的值。(5分) 2、 已知生产函数为:Q=L 0、 5K 0、 5,试证明: ⑴、 该生产过程就是规模报酬不变。(7分)⑵它受边际报酬递减规律的支配。 3、甲、乙两公司的产品的需求曲线分别为Q 1=200-0、2P 1,Q 2=400-0、25P 2,这两家公司现在的销售量分别为100与250。 (1)求甲、乙两公司当前的价格弹性？ (2)假定乙公司降价后,使乙公司的销售量增加到300,同时又导致甲公司的销售量下降到75,问甲公司产品的交叉弹性就是多少？ 4、垄断厂商的成本函数为TC=Q 2+2Q,产品的需求函数为P=10-3Q,求: (1)利润极大的销售价格、产量与利润; (2)若政府试图对该垄断厂商采取限价措施,迫使其按边际成本定价,求此时的价格与厂商的产量、利润; (3)求解收支相抵的价格与产量。 5、 假设某完全竞争厂商使用劳动与资本两种生产要素进行生产,在短期内,劳动的数量可变,资本的数量固定。厂商的成本曲线为322()161803 LTC Q Q Q Q =-+与 32 ()224120400STC Q Q Q Q =-++,试计算:(1)厂商预期的长期最低价格就是多少？ (2)如果要素价格不变,在短期内,厂商会维持经营的最低产品价格就是多少？ (3)如果产品价格就是120元,那么在达到短期均衡时,厂商将生产多少产品？获得的利润就是多少？ 6、 、 已知某消费者的效用函数U ＝XY,她打算购买X 与Y 两种商品,当其每月收入为120元,Px=2元,Py=3元时,试问: (1)为获得最大的效用,该消费者应如何选择商品X 与Y 的消费数量？ (2)假设商品X 的价格提高44％,商品Y 的价格保持不变,该消费者必须增加多少收入才能保持原有的效用水平？ 7、已知某一时期内商品的需求函数为Q d =50-5P ,供给函数为Q s =-10+5P 。 (1)求均衡价格P e 与均衡数量Q e ,并作出几何图形。 (2)假定供给函数不变,由于消费者收入水平提高,使需求函数变为Q d=60-5P 。求出相应的均衡价格P e 与均衡量Q e ,并作出几何图形。 (3)假定需求函数不变,由于生产技术水平提高,使供给函数变为Q s =-5+5P 。求出相应的均衡价格P e 与均衡量Q e ,并作出几何图形。 8、假定表2—5就是需求函数Q d =500-100P 在一定价格范围内的需求表: (2)根据给出的需求函数,求P=2元时的需求的价格点弹性。 9假定表2—6就是供给函数Qs=-3+2P 在一定价格范围内的供给表: (1)求出价格3元与5元之间的供给的价格弧弹性。 (2)根据给出的供给函数,求P=4元时的供给的价格点弹性。
微观经济学试卷一 一、单项选择题（每题2分，共30分） 1．资源稀缺是指（）。 A．世界上大多数人处于贫困之中B．相对于人们的欲望而言，资源是不足的 C．资源要保留给我们的未来D．资源最终会被耗光 2．已知某商品的需求函数和供给函数分别为：QD=14-3P，QS=2+6P,该商品的均衡价格是（）。A．4/3 B．4/5 C．2/5 D．5/2 3．总效用曲线达到顶点时（） A．边际效用曲线达到最大点B．边际效用为零 C．边际效用为正D．边际效用为负 4．假定某企业全部成本函数为TC=30000+5Q-Q2，Q为产出数量。那么TVC为（）A．30000 B．5Q-Q2 C．5-Q D．30000/Q 5．生产要素的需求曲线之所以向右下方倾斜，是因为（） A．要素的边际产品价值递减B．要素生产的产品的边际效用递减 C．要素参加生产的规模报酬递减D．以上均不正确 6．在完全竞争市场上（） A．产品有差别B．产品无差别C．有的有差别，有的无差别D．以上说法都对7．完全竞争市场的厂商短期供给曲线是指（） A．A VC >SMC中的那部分A VC曲线B．AC > SMC中的那部分AC曲线 C．SMC≥A VC那部分SMC曲线D．SMC≥AC那部分SMC曲线 8．已知一元钱的边际效用为3个单位，一支钢笔的边际效用为36个单位，则消费者愿意花（）购买这支钢笔A．12元B．36元C．3元D．108元 9．一般来说，香烟的蛛网形状是（） A．收敛型B．发散型C．封闭型D．不确定 10．已知X、Y两种商品的交叉弹性为1.8，则这两种商品为 A．独立品B．替代品C．补充品D．不能确定 11．如果商品的需求弹性为0.6供给弹性为1.5，则销售税（） A．主要由消费者承担B．主要由生产者负担 C．由生产者和消费者均等地负担D．全部由生产者负担 12．某旅游景点，对一般参观者门票为50元，对中小学生门票为25元，这种价格策略为( )。A．一级差别价格B．二级差别价格C．三级差别价格D．无差别价格13．当X商品的价格下降时，替代效应=+2，收入效应=-1，则该商品很可能是（）。A．正常商品B．一般低档商品C．吉芬商品D．奢侈品 14．已知某商品的需求量增加80%，而同期消费者的收入却增加了40%，则该商品很可能是（）。A．必需品B．奢侈品C．一般低档商品D．吉芬商品15．已知某商品的需求价格弹性为1.2，供给价格弹性为1，则价格波动形成的蛛网形状是（）。A．收敛型B．发散型C．封闭型D．不能确定 二、名词解释（每题5分，共40分） 1．需求的价格弹性（Price elasticity of demand） 2．边际效用（Marginal Utility） 3．消费者均衡（Consumer`s equilibrium） 4．无差异曲线（Indifference curve） 5．吉芬物品（Giffen good）