Unit 1~2 Mercantilism重商主义
Trade surplus 贸易顺差
Quota and tariff配额和关税
Zero-sum game零和博弈
Positive-sum game常和博弈
The theory of absolute advantage绝对优势理论The theory of comparative advantage 比较优势理论Factor endowments要素禀赋理论
Product life cycle 产品生命周期
Economies of scale 规模经济
First mover advantage先占优势
Barrier to entry进入(市场)壁垒
Porter’s diamond theory波特的钻石理论
National competitive advantage国家竞争优势
The department of commerce 商务部
Letter of credit信用证
Draft /bill of exchange 汇票
bill of lading B/L 提单
Sight draft即期汇票
Time draft 远期汇票
Banker ‘s acceptance 银行承兑
Trade acceptance商业承兑汇票
Countertrade 对等贸易
Barter 易货贸易
Switch trading 转手贸易
Offset 抵消
Counter purchase 互购贸易
Compensation trade 补偿贸易
1.波特钻石理论的主要内容
①Factor endowments ②Firm strategy, structure, and rivalry
③ Demand conditions ④Relating and supporting industries
2.对等贸易的主要类型和优缺点
①Types of countertrade
Countertrade has evolved into a diverse set of activities that can be categorized as five distinct types of trading arrangements: barter, counter purchase, offset, switch trading, and compensation or buyback
②The pros and cons of countertrade
优：
① The main attraction of countertrade is that it can give a firm a way to finance an export deal when other means are not available.
② Thus if a firm is unwilling to enter into a countertrade agreement, it may lose an export opportunity to a competitor that is willing to make a countertrade agreement.
缺：
① Countertrade contracts may involve the exchange of unusable or poor-quality goods that the firm cannot dispose of profitably
② In addition, even if the goods it receives are of high quality, the firm still needs to dispose of them profitably.
Unit 3
Strategic alliance 战略联盟
Licensing 许可证
Joint venture 合资经营
Contracting 承包经营
Partnership 合资人
Return on investment 投资回报率
Franchising 特许经营
Contract manufacturing 生产承包
Management contracting 管理承包
1.许可贸易的优缺点
优：
①The basic advantage in licensing as contrasted to other approaches is the
ease and low cost of entering a foreign market.
②Licensing is also advantageous in that it can be used to test a foreign
market without the risk of capital loss should the market not be receptive to the manufacturer’s product.
缺：
①The greatest disadvantages to the licensor are that a potential competitor
is set up.
②There is a lack of control over production and marketing.
③There may be incomplete market exploration.
Unit 4
Foreign direct investment 外国直接投资
Small and medium-sized firms 中小企业
Horizontal FDI 横向外国直接投资
Vertical FDI 纵向外国直接投资
Product life cycle 产品生命周期
Backward vertical FDI 后移纵向外国直接投资
Forward vertical FDI 前移纵向外国直接投资
Transportation costs 运输成本
Market impediments 市场阻碍
Market power 市场力量
Oligopoly 寡头垄断
Specialized assets 特殊资产
1.影响横向对外投资的因素
①Transportation costs ②Market imperfections
④Following competitors ④The product life cycle
2.What are the impediments to the sale of know-how?
①Licensing may result in a firm’s giving away its technological know-how to a potential foreign competitor.
②Licensing does not give a firm the tight control over manufacturing, marketing, and strategy in a foreign country that may be required to profitably exploit tis advantage in know-how.
③A firm’s know-how may not be amenable to licensing.
Unit 5
Bretton Woods System 布雷顿森林体系
Fixed exchange rate 固定汇率制
OPEC 石油输出国组织Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries Floating exchange rate regime 浮动汇率制
Plaza Accord 和平广场协议
Louvre Accord 卢浮宫协议
Foreign exchange market 外汇市场
European Monetary System 欧洲货币体系EMS
Exchange Rate Mechanism 汇率机制ERM
European Currency Unit欧元 ECU
Trade deficit贸易赤字
Real interest 实际利息
Balance of payment 收支平衡表
Forward market 期货市场
Swaps 掉期交易
1. 布雷顿森林体系/固定汇率制瓦解的主要原因
As the only currency that could be converted into gold, and as the currency that served as the reference point for all others
①It was financed by an increase in the money supply, which, in turn, led to a rise in price inflation from less than 4percent in 1966 to dose to 9 percent by 1968
②The rise in government spending had stimulated the economy
③Gave rise to speculation in the foreign exchange market that the dollar would be devalued
④Weakening dollars lose its credibility.
2. What are the reasons for the unexpected rise in the dollar between 1980 and 1985, and what are the reasons for the rapid fall of the US dollar between 1985 and 1987?
The reasons for the unexpected rise in the value of the dollar between 1980 and 1985:
①Strong economic growth in the US attracted heavy inflows of capital from foreign investors seeking high returns on capital assets.
②High real interest rate attracted foreign investors seeking high vellums on financial assets
③Political turmoil in other parts of the world.
The reasons for 1985 and 1987：
The fall in the value of the dollar between 1985 and 198 was caused by a combination of government intervention and market forces.
Unit 6
Common law 普通法
Code civil law 成文法
Roman law 罗马法
Industrial property right 工业产权
Act of god 不可抗力
Element forces of nature 天灾自然因素
Arbitration 仲裁
Conciliation 调节
Litigation 诉讼
World court at the Hague 海牙国际法庭
Tribunals for arbitration 仲裁庭
U.N. convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign
Arbitral/Awards 联合国承认和执行外国仲裁裁决公约
International Chamber of commerce 国际商会
1. What are the differences between two legal systems in solving commercial disputes?
①Under common law, commercial disputes are subject to laws which may be applied to either civil or commercial disputes since there is no specific recognition of commercial problems as such.
②Code law differs in that there is a separate code specifically designed for business
2. What are the procedures used by formal arbitration organizations? The usual arbitration procedure is for the parties involved to select a disinterested and informed party or parties as referee to determine the merits of the case and make a judgment that both parties agree to honor.
Unit 7
Intellectual property rights 知识产权
Trade mark copyright, patents, trade secrets 商标权，版权，专利权，商业秘密
Intangible assets, tangible assets 无形资产，有形资产
Trademark registration 商标注册
Generic terms 通称
Infringement 侵权
GATT 关贸总协定General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
1. What does intellectual property right consist of?
①It consists of the products of individual’s minds—products that result from intellectual, creative processes.
②Trademarks, copyrights and patents are all forms of intellectual property
Unit 8
The TRIPS agreement 与贸易有关的知识产权协议
Need Hierarchy 需求层次理论
Self-reference criterion 自我参考标准
The adoption process 接纳过程理论
High-context cultures 高背景文化
Low-context cultures 低背景文化
Poly-chromic time 多元化时间观
Mono-chromic time 单一性时间观
Perception 观念
1. What are the characteristics of culture?
①It is not innate, but learned
②The various facts of culture are interrelated-touch a culture in one place and
everything else is affected.
③It is shared by the members of a group and defines the boundaries between
different groups.
2. What are the main contents of Need Hierarchy theory?
①Self-actualization ②Esteem ③Social ④Safety ⑤Physiological
3. What is the concept of adoption process? How many stages will a person undergo before he can finally purchase a new product?
Adoption process─through which an individual passes from the time of his or her first knowledge of an innovation to the time of adopting or purchase of the innovation.
These stages are as follows: ①awareness ②interest ③evaluation
④trial ⑤adoption
4. What are the adopter categories? What is the feature for early adopter?
Adopter categories are classifications of individuals within a market on the basis of their innovativeness. They include innovators、early adopters, the early majority, the late majority and laggards.
The future for early adopter: They tend to be younger, have higher social status and in a more favorable financial position than later adopter. They must be responsive to mass-media information sources and must learn about innovation form these sources
because they cannot simply copy the behavior of earlier adopters.
Unit 9
Organizational behavior组织行为学
Multinational Corporation 跨国公司
Maquiladoras 马基拉朵拉工厂
Parochialism 地方主义
NAFTA 北美自由贸易协定North American Free Trade Agreement
Kluckhohn-Strudtbeck framework 克拉克洪─斯托特柏克构架
Hofstede framework 霍夫斯诺德构架
BRICS 金砖五国巴西俄罗斯印度中国南非
APEC 亚太经合组织Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
1. Identify the sic cultural dimensions in the Kluckhohn-strodtbeck framework.
①Relationship to the environment ②time orientation
③nature of people ④Activity orientation
⑤focus of responsibility ⑥conception of space
2. Explain the dimensions of national culture in Hofstede framework.
①Individualism versus collectivism
②power distance
③uncertainty avoidance
④masculinity versus femininity
Unit 4 Business ethics Extensive Reading Corporate Philanthropy Responds to Disasters Exercises I. Speed Reading Comprehension Read the text for FIVE minutes, and find the best answer to each of the following questions. 1. According to the 2 nd paragraph, why some companies faced internal criticism? A. These compa nies have don ated too much money to the com mun ities, regardless of their own capacity. B. These compa nies ignored the n eeds of their own employees who were affected by the disasters. C. The phila nthropic programs of these compa nies were too cheap. D. Corporate had to go back to boards for additi onal don ati on resources. 2. Why is it that some compa nies are suggested don ati ng cash in stead of products whe n disasters take place? A. Products are ofte n hard to tran sport and warehouse. B. Using cash in the locality helps rebuild the economy. C. Product may not fit the n eeds of the beset com mun ity. D. All of above. 3. Which of the following statement is NOT true with Pitney Bowes Inc.? A. It has operated a fund that helps employees out of pers onal tragedies. B. Its Employee Involvement Fund can reflect employees ' interest and support. C. It has started splitting some of its corporate giving between immediate and Iong-term assistanee in the consideration of the complicated nature of identifying appropriate disaster aid. D. Medical and fun eral expe nses will not be the focus of its fund. 4. Accord ing to the text, which of the followi ng compa ny 'sfoun dati on is NOT Ion g-term -focused? A. Baxter Intern ati onal B. Mitsubishi C. Gen eral Electric Co. D. Pit ney Bowes Inc. 5. The software module of MicroEdge Inc. helps the compa ny's com mun ity foun dati on the best in terms of ______ . A. free-of-charge service B. on li ne service C. acco unting D. disaster relief
参考译文 Unit 1 参考译文 国际商务的范围 国际商务是指任何类型的跨国商务活动。它可以分为4种类型: 对外贸易、服务贸易、有价证券投资和直接投资。在对外贸易中，国与国之间从事有形货物或商品的进出口业务。进出口贸易构成了世界上大多数国家最基本的国际商务活动。除货物和商品进出口贸易外,国家之间还进行服务贸易，如保险、金融、饭店、咨询、旅游及运输。跨国公司就因在别国提供服务而得到报酬。 国际有价证券投资指在别国进行的金融投资。投资者购买企业股票和长期债券，无非是为了谋求投资回报。有价证券投资者的目标不是控制一个企业，他们随时可按市场行情兑现他们所投的资金。海外直接投资是指在国外建厂或建立销售网络。投资者可购买外国公司现有的全部或部分资产，以控制或部分控制该公司的销售、生产、科研和发展。 从历史的角度来看，国际商务并非新鲜事物。它已有上千年的历史，尽管其形式、方法及重要性在不断演变。在古代，希腊人就在地中海地区从事贸易活动。在历史的长河中，随着复杂的商务技巧不断出现，商业持续不断的发展，从而促进了货物、资源、资金在国家间的流动。工业革命提供了大规模生产方法和大规模市场，从而进一步促进了国际商务的发展。随着工业化水平的提高，对供给、原料、劳动力和运输的需求也日益增大。 20 世纪以来，事实证明，广泛的商务关系覆盖全球。由于商务实体越来越认识到它们的市场是全球性的，而不仅仅在国内，所以产品、资本和人员比以往任何时候都更紧密地联系在一起。随着商务活动的范围跨出国界，银行和金融机构接踵而至，以满足商务活动为世界性的投资和经营所需要的资金。金融市场之间的联系也变得非常纷繁复杂。美国股市的走向和变化会直接影响到世界上其他地区的产权投资市场。 如今，只有目光短浅的商人才会相信，一个企业在本国市场范围内完全可以实现发展和繁荣。国内商界起码必须认识到市场竞争的国际根源，因为竞争的根源一直存在，并且日益成为国内商界的威胁。在世界市场和经济的动态中，这些变化的根源就是世界范围寻求的国际商务活动。 Unit 2 参考译文 维萨卡在中国的发展史 15 年前，中国没有一个人持有维萨卡。今天，中国有三千多万人持有维萨卡。 1993 年我们率先成立了维萨卡北京办事处。此后，我们与中国的金卡工程和其他机构合作，帮助改进中国的银行卡支付系统。为了建设中国第一个电子支付网络，维萨卡国际组织在其运行、构架、技术设备等方面提供了必要的支持和建议，我们对此感到尤为自豪。
Unit 1~2 Mercantilism重商主义 Trade surplus 贸易顺差 Quota and tariff配额和关税 Zero-sum game零和博弈 Positive-sum game常和博弈 The theory of absolute advantage绝对优势理论The theory of comparative advantage 比较优势理论Factor endowments要素禀赋理论 Product life cycle 产品生命周期 Economies of scale 规模经济 First mover advantage先占优势 Barrier to entry进入(市场)壁垒 Porter’s diamond theory波特的钻石理论 National competitive advantage国家竞争优势 The department of commerce 商务部 Letter of credit信用证 Draft /bill of exchange 汇票 bill of lading B/L 提单 Sight draft即期汇票 Time draft 远期汇票 Banker ‘s acceptance 银行承兑 Trade acceptance商业承兑汇票 Countertrade 对等贸易
Barter 易货贸易 Switch trading 转手贸易 Offset 抵消 Counter purchase 互购贸易 Compensation trade 补偿贸易 1.波特钻石理论的主要内容 ①Factor endowments ②Firm strategy, structure, and rivalry ③ Demand conditions ④Relating and supporting industries 2.对等贸易的主要类型和优缺点 ①Types of countertrade Countertrade has evolved into a diverse set of activities that can be categorized as five distinct types of trading arrangements: barter, counter purchase, offset, switch trading, and compensation or buyback ②The pros and cons of countertrade 优： ① The main attraction of countertrade is that it can give a firm a way to finance an export deal when other means are not available. ② Thus if a firm is unwilling to enter into a countertrade agreement, it may lose an export opportunity to a competitor that is willing to make a countertrade agreement. 缺： ① Countertrade contracts may involve the exchange of unusable or poor-quality goods that the firm cannot dispose of profitably ② In addition, even if the goods it receives are of high quality, the firm still needs to dispose of them profitably.
Unit 1 Teaching Objectives: 1. To introduce the teaching contents and teaching plan; 2. To have a general idea of the New International Style of Management; 3. To be clear about the three main questions of business English reading; 4. To learn how to read business English passages effectively; 5. To learn to recognize and use some of the related words and expressions. Focuses: ! 1. To have a general idea of the New International Style of Management. 2. To learn how to read business English passages effectively. Difficulties: 1. How to read business English passages effectively. 2. How to remember business English words and expressions ASAP. Teaching Time:2 periods. Teaching Procedures: Part I Pre-reading Questions ！ It can be used as lead-in questions. For students, they can discuss with each other and will have free answers. Part II Extensive Reading In this part, there are two texts and their relevant exercises. By reading the texts in limited time, Teacher helps students understand the contents and the reading methods to build reading abilities gradually. 1. Read Text A The New International Style of Management and do exercises; 2. Read Text B New Thinking for successful Entrepreneurs and do exercises; 3. Analyze the language points in the texts; 4. Check the answers to Exercises. Part III Reading Skills: Introduce the Basic Information about Business English Reading. : Use three questions to lead students to deal with this part: 1. Why should we do Business English Reading 2. What does Business English Reading mainly deal with 3. How can we do the Business English Reading effectively If students can not answer the questions, ask them to read through the passages in Reading Skill to get the details of how to do Business English Reading. Part IV Supplementary Reading: New Thinking for a New Financial Order For this part, ask students to finish it by reading first and summarizing it with no more than 50 words. Part V Test Yourself . For this part, ask students to finish it by themselves. Questions for Discussion and Reflection: 1. Do you want to be a member of these multinational companies Why 2. What are the differences between these multinational companies and the local companies in China
Chapter4 The Incredible Shrinking Europe 难以置信的退缩着的欧洲 It was supposed to be the moment Europe grew muscles.这本该是欧洲茁壮成长的时期。去年秋天，在结束了为简化决策制定，使欧盟在国内外更具实力更为强壮的十年努力之后，最后仅有的一些抵抗国家签署了总达1000页的文件，就是世人熟知的里斯本条约。11月，欧盟选拔了其第一任正式总统和外交部长。亲欧盟派们重温旧梦：一个新建的世界强权来安抚动荡地区，在能力可及之地给予援助和劝服，但同时准备在万不得已之时派遣军队。布鲁塞尔将率战反抗气候变化。欧洲经济将证明给北美和亚洲无情的自由市场，社会市场仍是摆脱经济危机的最佳方式。 The dream didn’t last a month.这个梦想连一个月都没撑过。在12月哥本哈根的气候变化会议上，对最终决议竭力辩争的是中美两国，而欧盟则当了旁观者。欧盟的2010年并非以一个外交政策的大胜利开头，而是毫不适宜的在争论是否要救助希腊，它的债务已经拖垮了欧盟的货币。同时，美国总统巴拉克·奥巴马宣布并不会出席五月份在西班牙举行的欧美洽谈会。于无数迁就欧盟的会议来讲，这有点泄气。难怪欧盟发觉自己处在忧心忡忡的自疑的周期循环中。也难怪世界上其他人都在疑问：欧洲代表着什么？它哪里适应这个似乎被中美所主导的世界？如果它消失了，会有人注意吗？ Let’s get one thing straight让我们讲明一点：欧洲是个无与伦比的居住佳所。欧盟的许多成员国都在世界最富裕国家之列。欧洲的工人通常都享有漫长的假期，慷慨的产假和舒适的养老方案。普遍的健康保险被认作基本的社会契约中的一部分。欧洲政治稳定，而且是世界上最为慷慨的发展援助金捐献者。当然，税金很高，但大多数欧洲人似乎很愿意交纳更多的税金来换取更高—且有保证的—生活质量。去年，总部设在伦敦的“思想库”——欧洲改革中心主任查理斯·格兰特说到：“欧盟展现了一个极为吸引人的社会、经济、政治模式。”“它比世界上的绝大多数地方都要稳定、安全、环保、文化多元，这也是邻国及许多移民想加入欧洲的原因。” But the good life at home doesn’t make Europe strong abroad.但国内的优质生活并没有造就一个在海外强大的欧洲。欧盟也许拥有世界上所有的软实力优势，但在重大场合它缺少对他人的权威和影响力。有时候它甚至不能说其所想。美国和中国时常在争辩，但美国可以将其对华政策恰如其分的表达出来：发展经济，鼓励民主，适当之时评判人权问题。简单的说，欧盟的对华政策是什么呢？ The EU underwhelms on other big issues.欧盟在其他重大问题上也表现得不尽人意。格兰特在其以《欧洲注定要作为强权失败吗？》冠名的文章中写到：“欧盟在面对阿富汗、巴基斯坦或朝鲜等国际问题时，大部分时间要么沉默，要么缺席。”意大利前沿外交政策杂志Limes编辑卢契·卡拉却罗认为欧盟的困境是冷战的遗留问题。他解释说，在美国的安全保护伞下，二战之后对西欧而言是重建的黄金时期。这段时期结束后，欧洲进入休克期。“这一点我们予以否认，”卡拉却罗说到。“我们知道，委婉的说，美国并不对我们的利益感兴趣，我们就只自己实行鸵鸟政策。”卡拉却罗接着说，欧洲认为阿富汗、伊朗问题是美国事务。“任何重大危机都是在海外得以讨论的。我们对这个时代并没有责任。” The Lisbon Treaty,里斯本条约，建立了欧洲理事会主席和外交与安全政策高级代表的新办事处，应该改变这所有局面。然而实际上，新欧盟由包括四个轴心的复杂机制来管理：总统和外交部长；欧盟轮值主席国；欧洲委员会主席以及各国家政府元首。这种新建机制看起来就像欧盟糟糕的模仿，建立在最佳选择基础之上，即具官僚性又具复杂性，不像是采取行动制止圈地战争，倒像是要鼓励这些战争。 Critics point to the selection of 批评者指出，选举Herman V an Rompuy 以他平衡地方势力而著称，因为他在比利时举足轻重，并且试图哄骗反对欧盟的国家走向他们的阵营。毫无疑问，这是一个很有用的品质，但是这也很难使欧盟在国际舞台上有分量。Dominique Moisi
Unit 1 2. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list given below. Make changes when necessary. 1)At a time when the need is growing for mental health services, many countries are unfortunately cutting back on its spending. 2)There is an increasing number of people out of work. But the western media often unfairly label them as lazy and reliable. 3)Now that the flow of oil has been stopped by BP, the impact of all the spilled oil and natural gas is still being measured. 4)Once again its ability to steer economic policy will be tested against the ability to deliver on services and projects aimed at growing the economy and jobs. 5)Housing prices are incredibly high today. But he bought his house for a song about five years ago. 6)As people are complaining high prices, especially those related to daily necessities, the government feels rather urgent to hold down inflation rate immediately. 7)Under the new economy policy investors are invited to buy into state-owned enterprises. 8)Since a serious gun shooting occurred in Arizona last week, security concerns have trickled down to all places, including residential buildings. 9)Social unrest is a daily occurrence in the country nowadays. It is in the last place when it comes to investment for multinational companies. 10)Efforts to ban smoking in China are so effective yet. Some chain smokers never think of quitting while many others have battled in vain to quit. 3. Match the terms in column A with the definitions in column B: A_______________________ B__________________________________ 1)financial innovation A) A reduction in the general availability of loans (or credit) or a sudden tightening of the conditions required to obtain a loan from the banks.7 2)stimulus package B) A non-bank entity or organization such as investment companies and mutual funds that invests in large quantities. 8 3)overheating C)A legal entity created by a government to undertake commercial activities on its behalf. 6 4)stamp tax D) The trading of a corporation's stock or other securities (e.g. bonds or stock options) by individuals with potential access to non-public information.9 E) An industry that requires large amounts of capital, machinery and equipment to produce goods. 5 5)capital-intensive sector F) Generation of new and creative approaches to securities, money management or investing. 1 6)state-run firm G) An economy that is expanding so rapidly that too much money is chasing too few goods and
Unit 1 1. The World Bank’s key role is to improve living standards and assist developing nations through making credit and other forms of assistance available to achieve a sustainable development. 世界银行的关键作用是通过提供信贷和其他形式的援助来实现可持续开展来提高生活水平和协助开展中国家。 2. So in order to smooth out the international business cycle, and thus reduce the duration and damage of recessions, OPEC could temper oil prices and control booming or slumping economic growth. 所以为了消除国际商业周期，从而减少经济衰退的时间和损失，石油输出国组织可以调低油价，控制经济增长或萧条。 3. Its members benefit from liberalized trade gaining access to a larger demand market, new technologies, managerial techniques, raises in living standards, and employment opportunities. 其成员受益于自由贸易进入更大需求市场，新技术，管理技术，提高了生活水平和就业时机。 4. Under his influence, the organiza tion’s international secretariat was established in Paris and he was instrumental in creating the ICC International Court of Arbitration in 1923. 在他的影响下，该组织的国际秘书处在巴黎成立，他在1923年创立了国际商会国际仲裁法庭。 5. ICC’s reach—and the complexity of its work—have kept pace with the globalization of business and technology. In the 1920s ICC focused on reparations war debts. 国际商会的影响力及其工作的复杂性与商业和技术的全球化保持同步。20世纪20年代国际商会专注于赔偿战争债务。 6. A decade later, it struggled vainly through the years of depression to hold back the tide of protectionism and economic nationalism. 十年后，它徒劳地挣扎着通过几年的萧条，以遏制保护主义和经济民族主义的浪潮。
《商务英语阅读》课件 商务英语阅读课件 一、商务英语阅读概述 商务英语阅读是商务英语沟通中的一项重要技能。在这个快速发展的全球化时代，商务英语阅读已经成为商业交流的必要工具。通过阅读商业文件、新闻报道、市场报告等，我们能够获取最新的商业信息和理解公司的战略目标。 二、商务英语阅读技巧 1、提高词汇量：扩大词汇量是提高商务英语阅读的关键。你需要熟悉与商业领域相关的词汇和术语，包括财务、营销、管理、贸易等方面的专业术语。 2、阅读技巧：掌握有效的阅读技巧对于提高商务英语阅读效率非常重要。例如，略读技巧可以帮助你快速浏览文章并获取主要信息；细读技巧则能让你深入理解文章内容。 3、了解不同文体：商务英语阅读的文体多样，包括新闻报道、市场报告、电子邮件、合同等。了解不同文体的结构和语言特点有助于你更好地理解文章内容。 4、关注文化差异：商务英语阅读中常涉及到不同国家和地区的文化
背景。因此，了解并尊重文化差异对于准确理解文章含义至关重要。 5、实践与反思：不断进行商务英语阅读实践，并及时反思自己的阅读方法和技巧，有助于不断提高阅读水平。 三、商务英语阅读实例分析 以一份商品销售合同为例，让我们一起来分析一下其中的商务英语阅读技巧。 1、合同开头：合同开头通常包括合同编号、签订日期、双方名称和地址等信息。这些信息可以帮助你了解合同的基本背景和相关方。 2、合同主体：合同主体部分详细规定了双方的权利和义务，包括商品描述、价格、支付方式、运输方式等。你需要仔细阅读并理解这些条款，确保对合同内容的准确把握。 3、合同结尾：合同结尾通常包括签名和其他附加条款。在阅读这部分内容时，需要特别注意签名方的身份和授权情况，以确认合同的有效性。 通过以上分析，我们可以看出商务英语阅读不仅需要足够的词汇量和阅读技巧，还需要对商业文化的了解和敏感度。在实际阅读过程中，我们要学会灵活运用各种阅读技巧，不断积累商业知识和实践经验，以提高自己的商务英语阅读水平。
商务英语阅读教程 1. 介绍 商务英语是指在商业场景中使用的英语，涵盖了口语和书面语。商务英语的重要组成部分之一就是阅读理解。在商业交流和商务合作中，良好的阅读理解能力对于解决问题、做出决策以及与合作伙伴进行有效沟通至关重要。本教程旨在提供商务英语阅读理解的基本指导和实践，帮助读者提升商务英语阅读能力。 2. 阅读技巧 2.1 略读和精读 商务英语材料通常内容丰富，需要迅速获取重要信息。略读是指快速浏览文本，寻找关键词和关键句，获取整体理解。精读是指仔细阅读，理解每个句子的含义与上下文的关联。 2.2 关键词标记 阅读时，可以用不同颜色笔或者下划线标记关键词。关键词通常是指代公司名、产品名、特定信息等。
2.3 上下文推理 理解上下文对于解读文章中的复杂信息非常重要。当遇到不熟悉的词汇或表达时，可以通过上下文来推断其含义。 2.4 制作笔记 在阅读过程中，制作笔记能帮助记忆重要信息，加深对文章内容的理解。可以记录关键词、关键句以及理解的要点。 3. 提高阅读能力的方法 3.1 多读商务英语材料 多读商务英语材料可以扩展词汇量和理解能力。可以选择商务杂志、商业新闻、商务案例等作为阅读素材。 3.2 阅读商务英语博客和论坛 商务英语博客和论坛提供了实际商务交流的案例和经验分享。阅读这些内容可以不仅提高阅读能力，还可以了解商业领域的最新动态和趋势。
3.3 参加商务英语阅读讨论小组 参加商务英语阅读讨论小组可以与其他学习者交流经验、 讨论商务英语材料。通过分享和讨论，可以互相学习，提高阅读能力。 4. 商务英语阅读练习 4.1 阅读材料选择 选择适合自己水平的商务英语阅读材料。可以根据自己的 兴趣和实际需要，选择各种商务英语材料进行阅读练习。 4.2 阅读理解练习 选择一篇商务英语材料进行阅读，然后回答相关问题，以 检验自己的阅读理解能力。可以选择每周一篇商务英语材料进行练习。 4.3 阅读速度练习 提高阅读速度对于商务英语阅读非常重要。可以通过计时 自己阅读一篇文章的时间来进行速度练习，逐渐提高阅读速度。
剑桥国际商务英语第四版学生用书face to face课后答案 1、I used to take ____ long way to take the bus that went by ____ tunnel under the water. [单选题] * A. a, a B. a. the C. a, /(正确答案) D. the, a 2、His new appointment takes（）from the beginning of next month. [单选题] * A. place B. effect(正确答案) C. post D. office 3、Three ______ died of water pollution last winter. [单选题] * A. hundreds of villagers B. hundred villagers(正确答案) C. hundreds villagers D. hundred of villagers
4、Be careful with the knife. You may hurt _______. [单选题] * A. himself B. ourselves C. myself D. yourself(正确答案) 5、The boy’s mother always _______ him a story before he goes to bed. [单选题] * A. says B. speaks C. tells(正确答案) D. talks 6、--I can’t watch TV after school.--I can’t, _______. [单选题] * A. also B. too C. either(正确答案) D. so 7、（)late for the meeting again, Jack! 一Sorry, I won t. [单选题] * A.Don’t
国际商务英语第四版答案 1、14．He is cutting the apple ________ a knife. [单选题] * A．in B．to C．with(正确答案) D．by 2、39．__________ he was very tired, he didn’t stop working. [单选题] * A．Although (正确答案) B．When C．After D．Because 3、_____ of the land in this area _____ covered with forest. [单选题] * A. Two-fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is(正确答案) D. Two fifths; are
4、They lost their way in the forest, and _____ made matters worse was night began to fall. [单选题] * A. that B. it C. what(正确答案) D. which 5、The storybook is very ______. I’m very ______ in reading it. （）[单选题] * A. interesting; interested(正确答案) B. interested; interesting C. interested; interested D. interesting; interesting 6、The trouble turned out to have nothing to do with them. [单选题] * A. 由…引发的 B. 与…有牵连 C. 给…带来麻烦 D. 与…不相干(正确答案) 7、Finally,I have _____ interesting to share with you,and I am sure you will be interested in it. [单选题] *
商务英语阅读（课后练习答案） Chapter One: Economics Lesson One Ⅰ. Check your comprehension: Decide if the sentences are T or F. Write T or F before each sentence. Compare your answer with your pair. 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. F Ⅱ. Familiar yourself with the following key terms: A. Choose the statement that defines one of the business terms given below. 1. distribute 2. purchase 3. loan 4.resource 5.interest 6. supplier B. Identify the English expressions of the following Chinese terms. 1.unemployment rate 2.financial affairs 3.auto loan https://www.doczj.com/doc/3b19249953.html,itary pursuits 5.civilian pursuits 6.raise money 7.medical care 8.economic concerns Ⅲ. Vocabulary practice: Filling in the blanks with the proper words or expressions you have learned from the text given below to finish the following sentences. 1. distributed 2. varying 3. economic 4. purchasing 5. resources 6. exchange 7.campaign 8. issue Ⅳ. Translation. 1．人类有多种需要和需求。经济学仅仅关注人的物质需求。这些需求可以通过消费商品来得到满足─或者是实货（有形商品，如食物），或者是服务（无形商品，如供热）。 2．所有的社会都存在三个共同的基本问题，即：生产什么、怎样生产和为谁生产。前两个问题代表的是生产，而第三个问题则代表的是分配。 3．人类的需要和需求几乎是无限的，然而不幸的是，人们发现自己的资源很缺乏。 4．经济学中最为古老的话题也许就是为什么有些国家富有，而其他国家贫穷。有一点没有异议，那就是在许多发展中国家里，受过高等教育的劳动者稀缺。 V. Oral Practice: Discussion the following two questions with your group members in English.（Omitted） Lesson Two Ⅰ. Check your comprehension: Decide if the sentences are T or F. Write T or F before each sentence. Compare your answer with your pair. 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6.F Ⅱ. Familiar yourself with the following key terms: Choose the statement that defines one of the business terms given below. 1.consumption 2. household 3. macroeconomic 4. inflation 5. workforce 6. revolutionary Ⅲ. Make sentences using the following words or patterns.
阅读下面的短文，并从A, B, C, D四个选项中选择一个正确的选项，并把答案序号填写在空白处。 Passage 1 Identify the country or countries you will be traveling to. It is particularly important to know which countries you are traveling to because it determines where and how you are going to send your application. ● If you are intending to visit just one Schengen country, you will need to apply for the Schengen visa directly with the embassy or consulate of that particular country. ● If you are intending to visit two or more Schengen countries, your application must be sent to the embassy or consulate of the country that shall be your main destination. ● If you are intending to visit several Schengen countries, but do not have a main destination, you should apply for the visa at the embassy or consulate of the first Schengen country on your travel itinerary. Fill out an application form beforehand to obtain a Schengen visa. You can download and print off the form online. Prepare all the requirements for your Schengen visa application. Depending on the consulate or embassy, you are required to show the following documents: ● a valid national passport; ● evidence showing the purpose of your trip (e.g. international conference); ● proof of medical insurance; ● a round-trip travel ticket; ● proof of funds. Check the processing time to ensure you get your Schengen visa on time. The processing time varies per embassy, so it is important to take the processing time into account when planning your trip. 1. The first step to Schengen visa application is to _____. A. decide where to travel B. download the online form C. fill out the application form D. apply for a passport 2. If you want to visit two or more Schengen country, you will need to send your application to the embassy or consulate of ______ to apply for the Schengen visa. A. one particular country B. the country of your main destination C. any of the Schengen countries on your itinerary D. the last Schengen country on your itinerary 3. If you plan to visit several Schengen countries without a main destination, you should send your application to the embassy or consulate of ______ to apply for the Schengen visa. A.one particular country B. the country that shall be your main destination C. the first Schengen country on your travel itinerary D. the last Schengen country on your travel itinerary 4. Before applying for your Schengen visa application, you need to prepare for ______. A. a valid national passport B. proof of medical insurance C. bank statements D. all of the above 5. T he underlined word “varies” in the last paragraph is c losest in meaning to “______”.