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英语应用文写作范文以及技巧

英语应用文写作范文以及技巧
英语应用文写作范文以及技巧

一.应试指导篇

A. 应试准备

写作部分的目的在于测试考生应用英语进行书面表达的一般能力。要提高书面表达能力,就必须多读、多背、多模仿、多练习。多读、多背对解决语言知识的问题非常有效。学习一种语言,在某种意义上就是一系列的记忆和练习活动。

首先,熟记是学习外语的关键之一。考生在准备考试过程中的背记,主要包括四个方面:

1)背记常用的单词和词组,了解这些单词和词组的语言环境;

2)背记常用的过渡词与句型;

3)背记一些比较典型的范文;

4)背记读过的文章或者看过的电影中一些写得好而且有意思的段落。

其次,多模仿、多练习非常有助于考生掌握写作技巧。为此,考生应多做句子、段落与短文的汉译英练习,同时练习写文章摘要,然后再练习写短文。

B. 注意事项

1)合理分配时间。写作部分的时间约为35分钟,一般来说,时间可以分配如下:4-6分钟构思,23-27分钟写作,2-4分钟检查。

2)要使用有把握的词汇、短语、句型和引用语。

3)要合理布局,一般分3-5段,每段包含3-5句。

4)要正确使用标点符号,避免残缺句和融合句。注意单词的拼写和字母的大、小写等。

5)合理使用过渡词,使文章有较强的过渡性。

C. 思路启迪

就应用文的写作而言,根据考试大纲的要求,考生所写篇章在格式与语域方面必须恰当贴切。对目标读者完全会产生预期的效果。指在书面和口头表达中根据不同的交际对象,所采用的话语方式,即正式、一般、非正式的话语等。

考生在平时准备或考试时应该注意的重要方面有:

一:正式语体(书卷语)、一般语体(共核)、非正式语体(口语体)。在词汇层次、短语层次、句型层次和篇章层次都有区别。考生使用语言时应注意所使用语言的贴切性。

二:正式语体词的使用范围较窄,而且一般只在书面语中出现,若出现在口语中,则有讽刺、调侃或幽默的语用效果。考生需要按照正式或共核语体写作。

三:中性语体成分的使用范围比较广:既可以出现在正式语体中,也可以出现在一般介绍或叙述性语篇中,还可能出现在口语中。就这一类词汇的特点,英语的中性语体和口语、俚语等词汇一般都比较短小,尤其是后者,因为短,使用起来才方便,长了拗口。

四:考生在写作应用文时必须判断篇章的接受者与自己的亲密程度、接受者的身份高低、交际场合的正式程度、自己作为作者的身份等。综合考虑之后,再做出文体的判断。之后在选择恰当贴切的篇章组织、句型、词汇等。这样才能取得较好的分数。

五:文章组织时,要注意文章的一致性的原则:段落中的各个句子必须围绕一个主题(一个内容)展开;短文中的各个层次则围绕短文的主题,从不同侧面深入阐述。保证句子的统一性和连贯性是组词的基本要求。句子的统一性和连贯性是相辅相成的,最简单的解释是,意思完整,主次分明,前后连贯。从语义上看,句子各部分应该是紧密联系在一起,表达一个完整的意思;从语法角度来看,正确的句子应该是结构严谨,关系一致,语序正确;从修辞角度来年,好的句子应该是中心突出,逻辑性强,准确简练。如果一个句子表达的意思不完整,主次关系不明确,逻辑关系混乱,那么这个句子的统一性和连贯性就遭到了破坏,句子就有语病,读者也就无法了解作者的本意。

二.写作技巧篇

(一)条据

条据是当事人借到、领到、收到或归还钱物时留给或收到对方的有效凭证。条据大体上分为两类,即凭证性条据(如借条、欠条、收条等)和说明性条据(如请假条、留言等)。

条据的格式和写法

英文条据应用词简洁、准确,没有其他客套语;时间放在信纸的右上端,签名(全名)放在信纸的右下方。

1.借条(Receipt for a Loan)

C. 可选用的句子和短语:

○1Borrowed from ___ (sb)___ (sth). 今借到...

○2Return on within _____(date) _________ (at the rate /interest at...%) 从某人处借。。。某物。某天归还。。。 ( 如果是借钱,要写明以百分之多少利息归还)

○3….to be paid back ….归还

2. 收条(Receipt)

C. 可选用的句子和短语:

○1Received from ___ (sb) ___ (sth)今收到…(某日收到某人归还的某物)

3. 请假条(Asking for leave)

C. 可选用的句子和短语:

○1Owing to _______ (illness). 由于___(疾病).

○2I will be unable to attend party/meeting. 我将会不能够参加晚会/会议

○3I'd like to apply for a three-day leave of absence to look after my sick mother.我想请三天假,去照料我母亲,她不舒服了。

○4I'd like to ask for a sick leave (for 2 days, for my cold) from 14th to 15th, inclusive.

我想请一个病假___ (因为感冒,2天) 从14号到15号, 包括15号。

○5I will be glad if you grant me the leave. 我将会高兴如果你批准我休假。

○6I promise to make up the duty as soon as possible. 我答应尽快地补上我该做的工作。

○7Enclosed is a doctor's certificate.附上医生的证书。

短语:

○1 a three-day leave of absence 请假三天

○2go back home to see my father 回家看父亲

○3grant me the leave 批准我的请假

4. 留言(Message)

C. 可选用的句子和短语:

○1Mr. ____ called from Shanghai. Please call him today before 4:00 pm or any time tomorrow on 136…….某先生从上海打电话来, 请你在明天下午4点前任何时候都可以打电话136…给他.

○2Mrs. ______ called saying that she would be late for 20 minutes. 某太太打电话来说她可能要迟到20分钟.

○3let me know if … comes. 如果….来了就告诉我.

D 练习

1. 兹向白云学院外语系(计算机系、经济系、管理系)借录音机1台,10天后归还。

经手人:刘鹏

2003年2月28日

2. 今借到刘德华先生人民币叁千元整,1年内归还,年息6厘,此据。

经手人:林军

2003年2月28日

3.今收到IBM公司市场部罗强佣金450美元。此据。

张军

2003年8月25日

4.龙老师:

我因昨晚感冒发烧,现在体温仍达39℃,所以今天不能来上学,请假1天,望老师准假。

学生:王杰

2003年9月3日

E 练习答案:

1. Feb, 28th. 2003

Borrowed from the Foreign Language Department of Baiyun college ( the Computer Dept./ the Economics Dept ./ the Management Dept.) a recorder. Return within 10 days.

Liu Peng

2. Feb, 28th. 2003

To Mr. Liu Dehua,

Borrowed from Mr. Liu Dehua three thousand yuan (RMB3,000) to be paid back within one year from this date with interest at 9 percent per year.

Lin Jun

3. Aug, 25th. 2003

Received from Mr. Lou Qiang of the Marketing Department, IBM Company four hundred and fifty dollars ($ 450) as commission.

Zhang Jun

4. Sep, 3rd. 2003

Dear Mr. Long,

Owing to a bad cold last night and a high fever of 39℃now , I am unable to attend your classes today and ask for a day’s sick leave. Hoping you will excuse my non-attendance.

Wang Jie

(二)通知、启事和海报

通知、启事和海报是个人或团体向大众告知某一件事情的简短文字同,一般由标题、正文、落款(或时间)3部分组成,涉及主办单位、活动内容、议程安排、时间和地点等, 通常还会加上联系地址,联系人或联系电话。

1.通知(Notice)

B. 格式要求:

C. 可选用的句子和短语:

○1All salesmen are required to attend a meeting at Room …. Building ….所有的销售人员请在…号楼,…号房间开会.

○2Due to the storm, the meeting will be postponed to next week. 由于风雨,会议推迟到下星期. ○3For more information, please contact…. 更多信息, 请咨询…

○4Please make reservations before …在…之前, 请预定.

2. 启事(Announcement)

启事的标题要求醒目,能够吸引读者的注意力。

C. 可选用的句子和短语:

○1Please notice that…(请留意…)

○2sorry for the inconvenience….(对….造成的不便表示道歉.)

3海报(Playbill)

海报要简洁明快, 开门见山。

C. 可选用的句子和短语:

○1seminar on ….( 研讨会)

○2workshop on…..( 短训班)

○3training on … (培训)

○4from …. to …. (从…到…. 时间)

○5All are welcome. ( 欢迎所有人参加)

○6Please contact ….( 请与…联系)

D 练习

1. 通知

兹定于2003年10月8日在西校区1-312举行“中国加入WTO对职业教育的影响”报告会,一年级学生及学生会全体成员均要求参加。

学院办公室

2003年10月5日

2. 启事

玛丽.特纳小姐和托德.沙利文先生谨宣布于2000年10月18日(星期六)在纽约结婚,特此敬告亲友。

3 球讯

今天下午4:30我系和计算机系篮球队在本校篮球场进行友谊比赛。欢迎大家观看助兴。

外语系

4月19日

2.

3

(三)传真和电子邮件

传真是以书面形式传递的业务信函,电子邮件是通过网络传输的现代交流方式,它们是两种当今社会使用最多的书面通讯方式。

1.传真(Fax)

C. 可选用的句子和短语:

○1From: _____________ (来自:)○2To: _______________ (发给:)○3Date: ______________ (日期:)○4A TTN: _____________ (收件人:)○5Re: _______________ (主题:)2.电子邮件(E-mail)

C. 可选用的句子和短语:

○1From: _____________ (来自:)

○2To: _______________ (发给:)

○3Date: ______________ (日期:)

○4Subject: ______________(主题:)

○5No. of page: __________ (页数)

D 练习

1.

传真信件

致:大同贸易公司日期:2003年12月2日

收件人:王军先生传真编号:CE29

发件人:安妮.布朗传真号:2098568

电话号码:3980888电话号码:2098566

传真号:3980898传真页数: 1

主题:关于CN18790货物的运输

您2003年11月30日的传真已收到。

我们尚未收到CN18790货物的提货单原本。由于这批货物的估计到岸日期是2003年12月18日,所以我们必须在12月15日前收到提货单。

谨此致意。

李明

2.

以李明的名义给英国布莱德大学(Bradford University)外语系主任David Clark先生发一个电子邮件。内容是:简单介绍李明、打算明年9月份到英国布莱德大学留学,向David 先生了解在布莱德大学学习、生活的相关情况。地址是:www.david88@https://www.doczj.com/doc/3514152885.html,

时间:2003年6月16日

E 练习答案:

1.

FAX MIESSAGE

TO: Datong Trading Co. DA TE: Dec, 2nd. 2003

ATTN: Mr. Wang Jun REF No: CE29 FROM: Anne Brown FAX: 2098568 TEX: 3980888 TEL: 2098566 FAX: 3980898 NO. OF PAGE: 1 SUBJECT: Shipment CN 18790

Your fax dated 30/ 11/ 2003 was received.

Regarding the shipment CN 18790, we have not received the original of lading from you. The ETA of the shipment is 18/ 12/ 2003, so we must receive the B/L on 15th the latest.

Best regards

Li Ming

2.

Date: June,16th . 2003 From: Baiyun College gbvtcfao@https://www.doczj.com/doc/3514152885.html,

To: David Clark < david88@https://www.doczj.com/doc/3514152885.html,>

Subject: Inquiry about Bradford

Dear Mr. David Clark

I am seeking an opportunity to study at Bradford University after graduation from Guangdong Baiyun Vocational and Technical College next September. Could you please send me your booklets as I would like to know something about the study and life in your university. Thanks .I am looking forward to you early reply.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

(四)信函

书信是人们运用文字交流感情、沟通情况的一种应用文体,信函是一种较重要的业务书信。它有6C原则:Completeness(完整)、Correctness(正确)、Clearness(清楚)、Conciseness(简洁)、Courtesy(礼貌)、Consideration(体谅)。一般信函的格式如下表:

1.证明信(Letter of Certification)

证明信是证明一个人的身分、经历或某件事情真相的信件或文件。提交的对象为单位(或公司),称号、格式固定化。开头一般为“兹证明……”(This is to certify that.)如:

A 范文

B 格式要求

_________

To whom it may concern,

This is to certify that _______________________________________________________.

____________________

C可选用的句子和短语

1.To whom it may concern,

有关人士:

2.This is to certify that sb (has, had, was)___as a___(职务)+at单位/doing时间

兹证明某人在某单位做某职务多少时间

3. sb did __job (reliable,honest, hard working ....)

某人做__ 工作( 可靠,诚实, 努力工作....)

D 练习

请以伯明翰(Birmingham) 大学计算机主任(Ray Mace) 的名义给法驻英使馆写一封证明信. 兹证明雷伟先生是中华人民共各国公民.自2000年2月至于2001年2 月在伯明翰大学语言系作为访问学者从事计算机科学的学习和研究.雷伟先生拟于5月份携妻儿去巴黎旅游1周,

之后将继续回校学习.特此证明.

伯明翰大学计算机系主任: Ray Mace

写信时间: 2000年4月23日

E 答案

Department of PC Science

Birmingham University

U.K.

April 23,2000

To whom it may concern ,

This is to certify that Mr. Lei Wei is a citizen of the People’s A China. Now he is under taking studies and research work on computer science here as a visiting scholar in our faculty from February 2000 to February 2001. I understand that Mr. Lei is planning to pay a week’s visit to Paris in May with his wife and son and then resume his study in our university.

Don’t hesitate to contact me if you need any further in formation.

Sincerely yours,

Ray Mace

Dean of the Department of

Computer Science

2. 邀请信

A 范文1:

Informal Letter of invitation

Informal Letter Accepting an Invitation

Dear Mr. Lee.

Thank you for your kind invitation to the dinner you and Mrs. Lee are giving next Saturday for your brother. I shall be very happy indeed to come, and look forward with pleasure to meeting your brother.

Yours sincerely

John Smith

范文2:

Formal Letter of Invitation

Mr. and Mrs. Andrew K. K. Wang

request the pleasure of your company

at a dinner

in honor of their parents

fiftieth Wedding Anniversary

on

Sunday, the fifth of July

at eight o’clock

new Asia Hotel

100 Deep Water Road

Hong Kong

Informal Letter Declining an Invitation

Dear Mr. Lee,

I’m so sorry that I can’t come to the dinner you and Mrs. Lee are giving next Saturday for your brother because of a previous engagement that evening.

I do appreciate your asking me and hope that I will have the opportunity to meet your brother on some other occasion in the near future.

Yours sincerely

John Smith

Formal Letter Accepting an Invitation

Mr. and Mrs. John Smith

accept with pleasure

the kind invitation of

Mr. and Mrs. Andrew K. K. Wang

to a dinner

at eight o’clock

the fifth of July

New Asia Hotel

100 Deep Water Bay Road

Hong Kong

Formal Letter Declining an Invitation

Mr. and Mrs. John Smith

regret that they are

unable to accept

Mr. and Mrs. Andrew K. K. Wang’s

Kind invitation to dinner

on Sunday, the fifth of July

at eight o’clock

New Asia Hotel

100 Deep Water Bay Road

Hong Kong

C可选用的句子和短语

1、I’d like ...to come to dinner

非常希望...共进晚餐

2. I am pleased to invite you to attend…

非常高兴邀请你参加……

3. It is my pleasure/a great honor for me to invite you to…

非常荣幸邀请你参加……

4. It is with great pleasure that I invite you to attend…

非常高兴邀请你参加……

5. I take great pleasure in inviting you to…

非常高兴邀请你参加……

6. May I have the honor of your company at dinner?

敬备菲酌,恭请光临

7. We have decided to have a party in honor of the occasion

为此我们决定举办一次晚会

8. I am writing to invite you to …

我写信是想邀请你……

9. request the pleasure of

恭请...

10. The reception will be held in ...,on ...

招待会定于...在...举行

11. We sincerely hope you can attend/come.

我们期待您的光临

12. We are looking forward to ...(seeing you.)

我们期待着....

13. We are looking forward to your coming with great pleasure.

我们高兴地期待着你的到来。

14. I wonder if you can come …

我在想你是否能来参加……

15. My family and I would feel much honored if you could come.

如果你能来我们全家都将感到不胜荣幸。

16. I am longing to see you soon.

我盼望你早点起来。

17. I am sure that you will enjoy yourself here.

我保证你会高兴到这儿来。

18. We look forward to seeing you.

盼望你的到来。

19. I hope that you won’t decline my invitation.

我希望你不会拒绝我的邀请。

20. The favor of a reply is requested.

敬赐复函

21.Thank you for inviting us to dinner

谢谢您邀请我们共进晚餐

22.Please confirm your participation at your earliest convenience

是否参加,请早日告之

D 练习

内容: Joe 和Rose打算周末开车去海滩度假, 恰好汽车还有一个空位子, 因此想邀请他们的好友Meilin 一起去, 到时候可以一起进行日光浴或海水浴. 他们想知道Meilin 是否来, 以便安排出发事宜.

时间: 6月6日

E答案

June 6

Dear Meilin,

We have just decided to spend a holiday on the beach this weekend. As we have a spare seat in the car. We think you may be interested in joining us. We remember you said you were fond of seawater bath though you could not swim.

Also, we can take a sunbath together. Please let us know if you would like to go with us and then we’ll arrange when to start.

We’ll be pleased if you say you can come.

Love,

Joe & Rose

3.投诉信(Letter of Complaint)

投诉信是当事人对某产品或服务表示不满意的一种书信形式,格式与其他书信类似。

A 范文

B 格式要求

I am writing to complain to you about the __________ that I bought from your shop during __________ .When I took it back home. I found there was something wrong with the________. As you will realize, I was extremely upset to discover all this.

I am returning_________ with this letter and look forward to _________________.

C可选用的句子和短语

1.I'm writing to you about ___(产品)that I bought ___(时间、地点)

2. It didn't work.( broken, missing)

3. It wasted my time.(noisy ,made me headache)

4. I hope to give back my money. (change to a new one,repair quickly)

D 练习

内容: 王华女士给某商店经理写信投诉该店的营业员服务质量差. 昨天她赶上一场大雨, 顺便进入此店, 在卖戒指柜台关要求看一枚金戒指, 但营业员(13员)服务态度不好, 拒绝接待..

时间:2001年2月28日

E答案

February, 28th 2001 Dear Mr. Manager,

I’m writing to complain about the poor service in your store. Yesterday I was caught in a heavy shower and then entered your shop. When I found a gold ring which I liked, I asked a lady assistant (No.13) to show me the ring but she refused to serve me. Evidently she thought I was not the one who could afford it for I was not very well-dressed.

I choose to complain to you because I’m sure you’ll be able to make her understand how to serve as a shop assistant.

Yours faithfully

Wang Hua 4.推荐信(Letter of Recommendation)

推荐信是向朋友(熟人)介绍相关情况。

A 范文

B 格式要求

I have the pleasure of introducing to you _________. Mr. Zhang has studied (worked) at ________for ___ years and has achieved excellent performances. Hope you could offer help if needed.

C可选用的句子和短语

1. The bearer of this letter, Mr. Victor Yalding, is a young friend of mine.

2. I take pleasure in introducing to you the bearer, my brother-in-law Mr. john Smith who is going to visit your city.

3. Allow me to introduce to you the bearer of this letter, Miss Anna Andrew. She is the daughter of my oldest and dearest friend.

4. Anything you can do to help him will be a kindness much appreciated by him and, I need hardly say, by me.

5. Surely I’ll be very grateful for any help and advice you can give her.

D 练习

内容: 张明给王强写信介绍他的助手和好友李雷. 李雷毕业于北京大学, 主修化学. 要校学习期间成绩优秀, 研究工作亦非常出色, 是一位有才华\有抱负的年轻人. 此次到纽约深造希望得到帮助和指导.

时间: 2001年4月2日

E答案

April 2, 2001

Dear Wang Qiang,

The bearer of this letter, Li Lei, is one of my assistants and goods friends .He graduated from Beijing University, majoring in chemistry. So for as I know, he was she best student in his class and he did exceedingly well in research work..

Since I have known him for three years, I can truthfully say hat he is an intelligent and ambitious young man .I am sure he will become an excellent aspect while he undertakes further studies in New York.

Your kindness will be warmly appreciated.

Yours,

Zhang Ming

5.道歉信(Letter of Apology)

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A 范文

I am very sorry that __________________________ Could you ____________________ ?

C可选用的句子和短语

1.I am very /terribly /awfully sorry for /that/to...

2.Please accept our apologies for...

3.I regret that /to say that...

6.感谢信(Letter of thanks)

感谢信的特点是:时间及时,简明扼要,着重事由,感谢真诚。

A 范文

B 格式要求

_______________

I am writing to thank you for the _______________________ .I enjoyed the __________ very much and in fact it was the best ______________.

It was very kind of you to invite me and I deeply appreciate your hospitality.

_______________ C 可选用的句子和短语

1.Thank you very much for … 2.I am so grateful to you for

3

.It was kind and generous of you to

7.慰问信(Letter of sympathy)

慰问信与普通书信的格式基本相同,但要注意措词,写慰问信要规范,简短,感情真挚。 常用句型有:

I was shocked / saddened/ distressed / grieved to hear that … I just can not tell you how sorry I was to learn that … We are hoping / hope for/ to / that … A 范文 B 格式要求

I am very sorry to learn that _______________ .I hope ____________________ . If I can be of any help, do not hesitate to let mw know.

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