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2012年第一学期郸城一高周练试卷

2012年第一学期郸城一高周练试卷
2012年第一学期郸城一高周练试卷

xxx学校2012-2013学年度10月月考卷

1.下列各组物质中,相互间一定互为同系物的是

A.1—丁烯2—丁烯B.C4H10和C20H42

C.C4H8和C3H6 D.一溴乙烷和1,2—二溴乙烷

2.下列事实不能

..说明有机物分子中原子或原子团直接相连时而产生相互影响的是

A.苯酚能与NaOH溶液反应而乙醇不能

B.等物质的量的乙醇和甘油与足量的金属钠反应,后者产生的氢气比前者多

C.苯与液溴在铁作催化剂下发生反应,而苯酚与浓溴水混合就能发生反应

D.甲苯能使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色而甲烷不能

4.下列有关同分异构体数目的叙述不正确的是()

A.甲苯苯环上的一个氢原子被含3个碳原子的烷基取代,所得产物有6种

B.与互为同分异构体的芳香族化合物有5种

C.含有5个碳原子的饱和链烃,其一氯取代物有3种

D.菲的结构简式为,它与硝酸反应,可生成5种一硝基取代物

5.下列基团:-CH3、-OH、-COOH、-C6H5,相互两两组成的有机物有()

A、3种

B、4种

C、5种

D、6种

6.分子式为C5H10O2的酯共有(不考虑立体异构)()

A、7种

B、8种

C、9种

D、10种

7已知C—C单键可以绕键轴旋转,某结构简式可表示为烃,下列说法中正确的是( )

A、分子中至少有9个碳原子处于同一平面上

B、该烃的一氯代物只有一种

C、分子中至少有l0个碳原子处于同一平面上

D、该烃是苯的同系物

8.关于丙烯醛(CH2=CH—CHO)的化学性质叙述中错误的是()

A.能起银镜反应,表现氧化性B.能使溴水褪色,发生加成反应

C.能与新制Cu(OH)2发生反应D.一定条件下,能发生加聚反应

9.有机物分子中,当某个碳原子连接着四个不同的原子或原子团时,这种碳原子称为“手性碳原子”。例如,如右图有机物分子中带“*”碳原子就是手性碳原子。该有机物分别发生下列反应,生成的有机物分子中仍含有手性碳原子的是:

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答案第2页,总5页

A .与甲酸发生酯化反应

B .与NaOH 水溶液反应

C .与银氨溶液作用只发生银镜反应

D .催化剂作用下与H 2反应

10.有机物甲分子式为C 11H 14O 2,在酸性条件下水解生成乙和丙,丙遇FeCl 3溶液显紫色,丙的相对分子质量比乙大20,甲的结构有

A .3种

B .4种

C .6种

D .8种

11.由2—溴丙烷为原料制取1,2—丙二醇[ CH 3CH (OH )CH 2OH ],需要经过的反应为

A. 加成—消去—取代

B. 取代—消去—加成

C. 消去—取代—加成

D. 消去—加成—取代

12.某一溴代烷水解后的产物在红热铜丝催化下,最多可被空气氧化生成4种不同的醛,该一溴代烷的

分子式可能是( )

A .C 4H 9Br

B .

C 5H 11Br C .C 6H 13Br

D .C 7H 15Br

13.下列卤代烃能发生消去反应且消去产物唯一的是

A.CH 3Br

B.(CH 3)3CCH 2Br

C.(CH 3)3CBr

D.CH 3CH 2CHBrCH 3 14.检验1-溴丙烷中含有溴元素存在的实验步骤、操作和顺序正确的是:①加入AgNO 3溶液 ②加入NaOH 溶液 ③加入适量HNO 3 ④加热 ⑤取上层液体;⑥取下层液体 A .②④⑤③① B .②④⑥③① C .②④⑤① D .②④⑥①

15.某学生将1-氯乙烷与

溶液共热几分钟后,冷却,滴入AgNO 3溶液,结果未见到白色沉淀生成,

其主要原因是

A.加热时间太短

B.不应冷却后再加入AgNO 3溶液

C.加AgNO 3溶液前未用稀HNO 3酸化

D.反应后的溶液中不存在Cl -

16.某饱和一元醇8.8g 和足量的金属Na 反应,生成标准状况下氢气为1.12 L ,该醇可氧化成醛,则其结

构可能有几种( )

A .3种

B .4种

C .5种

D .6种

18.下列有机物中,是l-丙醇在铜的催化作用下氧化产物的同分异构体的是( )

A 、CH 3COCH 3

B 、CH 3CH 2CHO

C 、CH 3CH(OH)CH 3

D 、CH 3CH 2COOH

19.下列物质中属于醇类且发生消去反应的是( )

A .CH 3OH

B .

C .CH 3CH(OH)CH 3

D .

20.某链状有机物分子中含m 个-CH 3,n 个-CH 2-, a 个其余为-OH ,则羟基的数目可能是

A .a +2-m

B .2n +3a -m

C .n +m +a

D .a +2n +2-m

21.下列物质属于醇但不能..

发生催化氧化的是 A .CH 3OH B .C 6H 5—CH 2OH C .(CH 3)3C -OH D .C 6H 5—OH

22.乙醇与浓硫酸共热时,不可能...

生成的物质是 A .乙醚 B .乙烯 C .炭 D .乙烷

23.丙烯醇(CH 2=CH —CH 2OH )可发生的化学反应有 ( )

①加成 ②氧化 ③酯化 ④加聚 ⑤取代 A .只有①②③ B .只有①②③④ C .只有①③④ D .①②③④⑤

24.2011年6月4日晚上22时55分左右,杭州市辖区建德境内杭新景高速公路发生苯酚槽罐车泄漏事

故,导致部分苯酚泄漏并造成污染。对泄漏的苯酚,你认为下列措施中哪个方法最佳:( ) A .用水冲洗掉 B.用稀盐酸洗掉 C.用酒精冲洗掉 D.用石灰中和

25.中草药秦皮中含有的七叶树内酯(每个折点表示一个碳原子,氢原子未画出),具有抗菌作用。若1mol

七叶树内酯分别与浓溴水和NaOH 溶液完全反应,则消耗的Br 2和NaOH 的物质的量分别为

A .2molBr 2、2molNaOH

B .2molBr 2、3molNaOH

C .3molBr 2、4molNaOH

D .4molBr 2、4molNaOH

26.“茶倍健”牙膏中含有茶多酚,其中没食子儿茶素(EGC )的结构如下图所示。关于EGC 的下列叙述

中正确的是 A.分子式为C 15H 13O 7

B.EGC 可在强碱的醇溶液中发生消去反应

C.1molEGC 最多消耗6molNaOH

D.1molEGC 加入溴水中,可与4molBr 2发生取代反应

27.欲除去混在苯中的少量苯酚,下列实验方法正确的是( )

A .分液

B .加入氢氧化钠溶液后,充分振荡,静置后分液

C .加入过量溴水,过滤

D .加入FeCl 3溶液后,过滤

28.向下列溶液中通入过量CO 2,最终出现浑浊的是( )

A .氢氧化钙饱和溶液

B .苯酚钠饱和溶液

C .醋酸钠饱和溶液

D .氯化钙饱和溶液

29.能证明苯酚具有弱酸性的实验是( )

A .加入浓溴水生成白色沉淀

B .苯酚钠溶液中通入CO 2后,溶液由澄清变浑浊

C .苯酚的浑浊液加热后变澄清

D .苯酚的水溶液中加 NaOH 溶液,生成苯酚钠

30.某有机物既能被氧化,又能被还原,且氧化后与还原后的产物能发生酯化反应,所生成的酯又能发生银镜反应,则该有机物是

A.CH 3OH

B.HCHO

C.HCOOH

D.CH 3CH 2CHO

31.某同学做乙醛的性质实验时,取1mol/L 的CuSO 4溶液和0.5mol/L 的NaOH 溶液各1mL ,在一支洁净的试管内混合后,向其中又加入0.5mL 40%的乙醛,加热煮沸,结果未出现砖红色沉淀。实验失败的原因可能是

A .反应温度不够高

B .加入NaOH 溶液的量不够

C .加入乙醛太多

D .加入CuSO 4溶液的量不够

32.1,5-戊二醛(简称GA)是一种重要的饱和直链二元醛。2%的GA 溶液对禽流感、口蹄疫等疾病有良好

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答案第4页,总5页

的防治作用。根据上述信息,判断下列说法中正确的是( ) A .戊二醛的分子式为C 5H 8O 2,符合此分子式的二元醛有5种 B .1mol 的戊二醛与足量的银氨溶液反应,最多可得2mol 单质银 C .戊二醛不能使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色

D .戊二醛经催化氧化可以得到的戊二酸有4种同分异构体

试卷答案

1.B

2.B4.C5.C6.C7.C8.A9.AC10.C11.D12.B1

3.C1

4.A1

5.C1

6.B18.A19.C20.A21.C22.D23.D24.D

25.C26.D27.B28.B29.B30.B31.B32.D

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