复旦大学2003年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题（秋季） PartⅠListening Comprehension (15%) 略 PartⅡV ocabulary and Structure (10%) Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in the part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 21. She her vacation so much that she didn?t want it to end. A. missed B. budgeted C. loathed D. relished 22. They tried to keep it quiet but eventually everyone learned about the meeting. A. intangible B. sedate C. impudent D. clandestine 23. Many citizens appealed to the city government for enacting laws to protect the consumers. A. rigorous B. equivocal C. stringent D. furtive 24. People who like to were red clothes are more likely to be talkative and . A. lucrative B. introverted C. vivacious D. perilous 25. This is but a of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. A. faction B. friction C. fraction D. fracture 26. They were tired, but not less enthusiastic that account. A. on B. by C. for D. with 27. I think it is high time we the fact that environment pollution in this area is getting more serious than before. A. woke up to B. must wake up to C. wake up to D. are waking up to 28. So was the mood of the meeting that an agreement was soon reached. A. resentful
复旦大学431金融学综合复习经验分享 复口431的专业课复习的一些规划，提出來跟大家分亨一下。 复旦在上海的声望极好，甚至超过清华北大，因此很多人争相报考，竞争非常激烈。冇些同学对于15年的复习毫无规划，在专业课方面更是不得其法，尤其是听师兄师姐说专业课的复习不着急，切年暑假再开始都可以，先学好公共课，所以一直迟迟未能开启专业课的复习。这种说法也许对于大多数学校的备考来说可能是适用的，但是对于复旦金融硕士而言，尤其是跨专业的同学，专业课的学习必须及早开始，等到明年暑假再开始复习，如果发现到时候专业课的内容太多太难时间不够用，可能就回天乏力了，只好准备二战了。 目询这个阶段，最重要的是对专业课的复习要有一个整体的规划，下而是本人考研时关于复习规划的一些经验，希望对大家能有借鉴意义，当然每个人都要有口己个性化的计划，別人的只是拿来参考而已。 1、基础复习阶段（开始复习?7月） 本阶段主要是用于跨专业和基础较差的考住学习指定参考书，最好能吃透参考书的内容，做到准确定位，事无巨细地对涉及到的各类知识点进行地毯式的复习，夯实基础，训练思维, 掌握一些棊本概念和基木模型，如果直接学习指定参考书冇因难，冇必要学习一些基本的入门级的专业课卩籍。对于本专业的学生来说，要在抓好专业课课堂学习的基础上温习指定参考书，为下一个阶段做好准备。 2、强化提高阶段（8月?11月） 木阶段必须要对指定参考书进行深入复习，加强知识点的前示联系，建立整体框架结构，分清重难点，对重难点基木掌握，并完成参考书配有的习题训练。做历年真题，弄清考试形式, 题型设置和难易程度等内容。 3、冲刺阶段（12月?1月） 这个阶段，应该是对考试的全部内容都己经学握了，是查漏补缺的阶段。要总结所有重点知识点，包括重点概念、理论和模型，查漏补缺，回归教材。温习专业课笔记和历年真题，做专业课模拟试题。调整心态，保持状态，积极应考。 指定参考E： 《现代货币银行学教程》胡庆康;
2015年考博 单选： 有少部分原题（出自曾建彬《研究生英语》《研究生高级英语》） 阅读理解： 第一篇：Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, most of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states "invest" in institutions of learning to get back "interest" in the form. of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks—that purchasable wells of wisdom—what would civilization be like without its benefits? So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births—but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and the capacity of a man is to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form. of "college" imaginable. Among tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect every- body is equipped for life. It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no "illiterates"—if the term can be applied to peoples without a script—while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries. Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry, which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents' and therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an education for his child. (选自新概念) 第二篇：关于在Internet site上挂条幅广告销售商品的。第一题问：文章开头是什么意思，我选择了，和传统广告一样，互联网广告也是为了促使消费者冲动消费。有一题问：下列哪些选项作者没提及：我选了传统广告在较长的竞争中必然会战胜网络广告方式。有一题关于互联网广告的：我选择了需要做些change来保持他的竞争性什么的。最后一题问作者对互联网广告的态度：uncertain,objective,X,X.另两个记不清了，我选的客观的。 第三篇：关于脸书，推特等这些网络平台火的原因，强调以前的网络平台web1.只是让你看别人提供的content，而web 2.如这些社交平台是让你能跟别人交流自己creat content,而不是enjoy 别人提供的content.一题问：Myspace社交平台火的原因：我选了有content的那个选项。有题问下面哪个选项作者没提及：我选了大家怀念web1.那个选项。 第3篇This reading comprehension focuses on social networks. It's followed by key vocabulary
2015复旦431金融学综合真题（答案仅供参考） 一、名词解释（每小题 5 分，共 25 分） 1. 到期收益率：到期收益率是指来自于某种金融工具的现金流的现值总和与其今天的价 值相等时的利率水平，公式如下： 其中， P0表示金融工具的当前市价，CFt表示在第t期的现金流，n表示时期数，y表示到期收益率……（《金融市场》P243） 2. 系统性风险：系统性风险是由那些影响整个金融市场的风险因素所引起的，这些因素包括经济周期、宏观经济政策的变动等。这类风险影响所有金融变量的可能值，无法通过分散投资相互抵消或削弱，因此又可称为不可分散风险……（《金融市场》P290） 3. 有效汇率：有效汇率是指某种加权平均的汇率，最常用的是以一国对某国的贸易在其全部对外贸易中的比重为权数。以贸易比重为权数的有效汇率反映的是一国货币汇率在国际贸易中的总体竞争力和总体波动浮动，其汇率的公式为：……有效汇率的关键特点在于加权，它既可以是对名义汇率加权，也可以是对实际汇率加权，分别得到名义有效汇率和实际有效汇率……（《国际金融新编》P56，2004年金融联考和2011年复旦431都考过~） 4. 格雷欣法则：在金银双本位制下，金银两种货币按国家规定的法定比例流通，结果官方的金银比价与市场自发金银比价平行存在。当金币与银币的实际价值与名义价值相背离，从而使实际价值高于名义价值的货币（即所谓“良币”）被收藏、熔化而退出流通，实际价值低于名义价值的货币（即所谓“劣币”）则充斥市场，这就是格雷欣法则……（《现代货币银行学教程》P14，参考《习题指南》P7, 2004年金融联考考过） 5. 利息税盾效应：利息税盾效应即债务成本（利息）在税前支付，而股权成本（利润）在税后支付，因此企业如果要向债券人和股东支付相同的回报，对后者则实际需要生产更多的利润。例如……因此“税盾效应”使企业贷款融资相比股权融资更为便宜……（也可以按《公司金融》P150来答，差不太多，2012复旦431考过~） 二.选择题（每小题4分，共20分） 1、根据 CAPM 模型，假定市场组合收益率为 15%，无风险利率为 6%，某证券的 Beta 系数为 1.2，期望收益率为 18%，则该证券（B） A. 被高估 B. 被低估 C. 合理估值
2006年复旦大学考博英语真题及详解 Paper One Part ⅠVocabulary and Structure (15%) Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter or Answer Sheet I with a single line through center. 1. Official figures show that unemployment ______ in November and then fell slowly over the next two months. A. plodded B. peeped C. plunged D. peaked 【答案】D 【解析】句意：官方数字显示，失业率在十一月达到顶峰，然后在随后的两个月里慢慢回落。peak到达最高点。plod沉重缓慢地走。peep窥视，偷看。plunge投入，跳进，陷入。 2. The old lady was immediately sent to a nearby hospital when she ______ from heat stroke. A. passed away B. passed off
C passed out D. passed by 【答案】C 【解析】句意：当这位老妇人由于中暑而昏过去时，立刻被送往了附近的医院。pass out 失去知觉，昏厥。pass away去世。pass off事情发生并完成；疼痛、药效等慢慢消失。pass by走过，经过。 3. Her spirits ______ at the thought of all the work she had to do that morning. A. sagged B. sacked C. saddled D. scored 【答案】A 【解析】句意：她脑子里满是那天早上她必须得做的工作。sag向下凹或中间下陷；松弛或不整齐地悬着。sack解雇某人；洗劫；就寝。saddle sb. with sth.让某人承担使人厌恶的责任或任务等。score记分，得分；刻痕。 4. Jack would rather his younger sister ______ in the same hospital as he does. A. worked B. works C. to work D. work
复旦金融硕士考研：金融学综合复习指 南 复旦431的专业课复习的一些规划，提出来跟大家分享一下。 复旦在上海的声望极好，甚至超过清华北大，因此很多人争相报考，竞争非常激烈。有些同学对于15年的复习毫无规划，在专业课方面更是不得其法，尤其是听师兄师姐说专业课的复习不着急，明年暑假再开始都可以，先学好公共课，所以一直迟迟未能开启专业课的复习。这种说法也许对于大多数学校的备考来说可能是适用的，但是对于复旦金融硕士而言，尤其是跨专业的同学，专业课的学习必须及早开始，等到明年暑假再开始复习，如果发现到时候专业课的内容太多太难时间不够用，可能就回天乏力了，只好准备二战了。 目前这个阶段，最重要的是对专业课的复习要有一个整体的规划，下面是本人考研时关于复习规划的一些经验，希望对大家能有借鉴意义，当然每个人都要有自己个性化的计划，别人的只是拿来参考而已。 1、基础复习阶段(开始复习-14年7月) 本阶段主要是用于跨专业和基础较差的考生学习指定参考书，最好能吃透参考书的内容，做到准确定位，事无巨细地对涉及到的各类知识点进行地毯式的复习，夯实基础，训练思维，掌握一些基本概念和基本模型，如果直接学习指定参考书有困难，有必要学习一些基本的入门级的专业课书籍。对于本专业的学生来说，要在抓好专业课课堂学习的基础上温习指定参考书，为下一个阶段做好准备。 2、强化提高阶段(14年8月-14年11月) 本阶段必须要对指定参考书进行深入复习，加强知识点的前后联系，建立整体框架结构，分清重难点，对重难点基本掌握，并完成参考书配有的习题训练。做历年真题，弄清考试形式，题型设置和难易程度等内容。 3、冲刺阶段(14年12月-15年1月) 这个阶段，应该是对考试的全部内容都已经掌握了，是查漏补缺的阶段。要总结所有重点知识点，包括重点概念、理论和模型，查漏补缺，回归教材。温习专业课笔记和历年真题，做专业课模拟试题。调整心态，保持状态，积极应考。 指定参考书：
2011年复旦大学考博英语真题及详解 Paper One Part Ⅰ Vocabulary and Structure （15%） Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET I with a single line through the center. 1. He’s color-blind and can’t ______ the difference between red and green easily. A. detect B. discover C. distinguish D. determine 【答案】C 【解析】句意：他是色盲，难以辨出红色和绿色的区别。distinguish区分，辨别，分清。 2. As many as 100 species of fish, some ______ to these waters, may have been affected by the pollution. A. unusual B. particular C. typical D. unique
【解析】句意：多达100种鱼可能会受到污染的影响，而且有些鱼类是这些水域所特有的。be unique to为惯用搭配，指“只有……才有的；对……独一无二的”。其他选项也包含“特有的”意思，其区别在于：unusual指事物时表示某事极少发生，或极少被人耳闻目睹；particular指某事物存在专有特点，以此与其他事物相区别；typical侧重指“典型”，指某个群族中共有、而区别于其他群族。因此本题答案为D项。 3. In her bright yellow coat, she was easily ______ in the crowed. A. accessible B. identifiable C. negligible D. incredible 【答案】B 【解析】句意：她穿着亮黄色的外套，因此很容易就可从人群中将她辨认出来。identifiable 可辨认的；可识别的。accessible易接近的；可理解的；易相处的。negligible可以忽略的；微不足道的。incredible不可思议的；惊人的；难以置信的。 4. Some people find that certain foods ______ their headaches. A. introduce B. trigger C. summon D. create
复旦大学考博英语词汇习题及参考资料一 1. Language，culture and personality may be considered of each other in thought，but they are inseparable in fact. ［A ］indistinctly ［ B ］separately ［C ］irrelevantly ［D ］independently 2. Shortage of land and funding are bl amed for the city‘s green space. ［A ］inefficient ［ B ］inaccurate ［C ］inadequate ［D ］indispensable 3. It is well known that knowledge is the __ condition for expansion of mind. ［A ］incompatible ［B ］incredible ［C ］indefinite ［D ］indispensable 4. Although sports __ the household，Joe drew the line when they interfered with family tradi-tions and routine. ［A ］overwhelmed ［B ］affected ［C ］dominated ［D ］influenced 5. Once you have made your point clear at the __ of the essay，you must then proceed to con-vince readers about the position you have taken. ［A ］departure ［B ］outset ［C ］concentration ［D ］initiation 6. These excursions will give you an even deeper __ into our language and culture. ［A ］inquiry ［ B ］investigation ［C ］input ［D ］insight 7. The novel contains some marvelously revealing __ of factory life. ［A ］glimpses ［ B ］glances ［C ］shots ［D ］insights 8. Changing from solid to liquid，water takes in heat from all substances near it，and this produces artificial cold surrounding it. ［A ］absorption ［ B ］transition ［C ］consumption ［D ］interaction 9. One way for writers to support a point is through ，that is，by means of several examples to back up an idea. ［A ］illustration ［ B ］demonstration ［C ］explanation ［D ］interpretation 10. In this factory the machines are not regulated __ bm are jointly controlled by a central com-puter system. ［A ］independently ［ B ］individually ［C ］irrespectively ［D ］irregularly 11. We must ___ __ that the experiment is controlled as rigidly as possible. ［A ］assure ［ B ］secure ［C ］ensure ［D ］issue 12. If we believe something is good and true we should __ to it. ［A ］hold up ［B ］keep on ［C ］hold on ［D ］keep up 13. That cupboaM must always be carefully locked.
2014年复旦大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题 PartΙVocabulary and structure （15 point） Directions: there are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEETΙwith a single line through the center. 1. To celebrate innovations and inspire budding entrepreneurs，the famous library is telling the story behind 15 of what it considers the most _______inventions to come out of Britain in the past 10 years. A. ingenious B. insane C. ingenuous D. inquisitive 2. Globalization carries an ______promise that it will relieve poverty and offer security----perhaps the most ancient of human dreams. A. exquisite B. equivocal C. implicit D. inflexible 3. The fact that your application was not successful this thme does not _______the possibility of your applying again next time. A. preclude B. prejudge C. predict D. precede 4. The pressure on employment will increase gradually and the problem of aging will become more ______. A. contagious B. deliberate C. conspicuous D. diverse 5. She was _______about her son’s safety every time he went out on his motorcycle. A. intensive B. abusive C. comprehensive D. apprehensive 6. Our goal is to_______the pace of international movement and steer theconsumer marker towards internationalization. A. harness B. handle C. highlight D. hamper 7. In a world where prodigious sports talents tend to _____higher education altogether for the pros, Tiger Woods chose to continue playing amateur golf at Stanford University as an economics major. A. purify B. forge C. pursue D. forgo 8. Lots of woman complain that the problem with men is that they won’t ________themselves to a relationship. A. commence B. promote C. commite D. prescribe 9. In recent years ,new house sales have slowed down to a crawl, but builders are starting to see sales ______ again. A. pick up B. pick out C. pick on D. pick off 10. In a perfect world this would be sufficient, but computers and software can crash, power cam fail, and other unpredictable catastrophic events can _______to erase your work. A. conduct B. conspire C. count D. compel 11. We shall never know how she came to be there, there is no way to _______it. A. account for B. go over C. hold on D. make up
货币银行学教案 暨大金融系萧松华 教材与主要参考文献 ?教材：萧松华、朱芳：《货币银行学》（第三版），西南财经大学出版社，2009年。 ?主要参考文献： ?黄达：《货币银行学》，《金融学》，中国人民大学出版社。 ?米什金：《货币金融学》（第四版），中国人民大学出版社。 ?李扬、王国刚、何德旭：《中国金融理论前沿Ⅲ》，社会科学文献出版社。 ?霍文文：《金融市场学教程》，复旦大学出版社，2005年。 ?易纲，吴有昌：《货币银行学》，上海人民出版社，1999年。 ?兹维·博迪、罗伯特·C·莫顿：《金融学》，中国人民大学出版社，2005年。 学习方法 ?课前预习、认真听课、做好笔记 ?课后复习、精读教材、归纳总结、广泛阅读有关文献 ?做好练习并自我检测 ?观察金融领域的实际运行情况并积极参与讨论 ?尝试运用所学理论分析问题、解决问题 第一章货币 本章重点掌握及思考的问题： 1、货币购买力与价格 2、金属货币的自发调节功能 3、货币制度及其内容、格雷欣法则 4、不兑现信用货币制度的特征 5、货币的定义及层次划分标准 第一节货币的职能 货币具有价值尺度、交换媒介、贮藏价值和支付手段四种职能。其中价值尺度和交换媒介是货币的基本职能，而贮藏价值和支付手段是货币的派生职能。 一、价值尺度（Standard of Value） 1、概念：货币可以用来表现商品的价值并衡量商品价值的大小。 2、特点：货币在执行价值尺度职能时只要是观念的或想象的货币就可以，而不需要现实的货币。价格与货币购买力 用货币表现出来的商品价值就是价格；价格与商品价值成正比，与货币价值成反比。价格反映价值是相对准确，只是从趋势上反映商品价值量的变化。其中起最大作用的因素是供求对比。 价格一般包含两类因素：价值和供求。 ·思考：当货币是否足值时，价格的决定与变化？ 货币购买力（Purchasing-power of Money），又称货币价值（Value of Money），是指单位货币在一定价格水平下的购买商品或劳务的能力（或数量）。货币购买力（L）是价格(P)的倒数。 二者的关系可表示为： 1
复旦大学2012年考博英语真题及详解 Paper One Part I Vocabulary and Structure（15%） Directions：There are30incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C,D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center. 1.It was very difficult to find the parts needed to do the job because of the______ way the store was organized. A.logical B.haphazard C.orderly D.tidy 【答案】B 【解析】句意：由于店铺东西摆放杂乱无章，干活时找寻所需东西相当困难。haphazard 随意的；无计划的；胡乱的。orderly整齐的；有组织的。 2.Mississippi also upholds the South’s well-deserved reputation for warm, hospitable people;balmy year-round weather;and truly______cuisine. A.destructive B.horrible
复旦大学2003年博士研究生入学考试试题 Part Ⅰ （略） Part Ⅱ Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the 21. She A. missed B. budgeted C. loathed 22. They tried to keep it quiet but eventually everyone learned about the A. intangible B. sedate C. impudent 23. Many citizens appealed to the city government for enacting laws to protect the A. rigorous B. equivocal C. stringent 24. People who like to wear red clothes are more likely to be talkative and A. lucrative B. introverted C. vivacious 25. This is but a of the total amount A. friction B. fraction C. faction 26. They were tired, but not any less enthusiastic A. on B. by C. for 27. I think it is high time we the fact that environmental pollution in this area is A. woke up to B. must wake up to C. wake up to 28. So was the mood of the meeting that an agreement was s A. resentful B. amiable C. suffocating 29. Rescue workers continued the delicate task of sifting through tons of concrete and A. scraps B. leftovers C. debris 30. When she A. came to B. came off C. came through 31. The shortage of water became more this summer with the highest temperatures in 40 yea A. needy B. latent C. uneasy 32. They tried to drive their horse into the river, but he simply could A. budge B. surge C. trudge 33. Even the best medical treatment can not cure all the diseases that men and A. beseech B. beset C. bewitch 34. The boy's talent might have lain had it not been for his uncle's A. extinguished B. dormant C. malignant D. 35. The two leaders made a show of unity at the press conference, though they had notably
《货币银行学》课程标准 1、课程的性质与设计思路 1.1课程的性质 《货币银行学》课程是教育部确定的“财经类专业核心课程”之一，该课程是我院国际经济与贸易专业开设的专业基础课，而且是金融专业的主干课程和基础理论课程。货币银行学是金融专业中的其他所有课程的基础课程，国际金融、商业银行经营管理、中央银行等所有专业课程都是在金融学的基础上发展而来的。货币银行学以经济学为基础，研究经济发展中的核心问题——货币金融问题。货币银行学是从货币、信用和银行角度研究货币及货币创造机制，研究货币供求与社会总供求之间关系的作用、机制及原理问题的一门独立的学科。在经济、金融理论研究领域中占有非常重要的地位。 1.2设计思路 本课程的设计思路是：通过详细阐述货币、信用、金融市场、金融机构、货币供给和货币需求、通货膨胀和通货紧缩、货币政策、金融发展与金融改革、金融创新与金融监管、金融开放与金融安全的基本概念、基本理论、形成原理、控制措施、时滞效应的基础知识和理论体系。结合国内、国际上发生的有关货币供求失衡引起的经济失衡现象、经济失衡导致货币失衡的问题、金融市场建立和完善、金融机构体系改革、商业银行的重组与兼并、货币政策出台与政策效应等重大金融问题的现状，应用货币银行学的基础知识和基本理论，剖析国内、国际上发生的一系列重大金融问题的原因，引导学习者掌握观察和分析国际、国内发生重大金融问题的能力。 2．课程目标 通过本课程的学习，使学生对货币银行方面的基本理论有较全面的理解和较深刻的认识，对货币、信用、银行、金融市场、国际金融、金融宏观调控等基本范畴有较系统的掌握。掌握观察和分析金融问题的正确方法，培养辨析金融理论
复旦大学考博英语真题常见疑难句解析 1.Perhaps the fact many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that could be collected in a net(net phytoplankton), a practice that overlooked the smaller phytoplankton(nannoplankton) that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on,led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research. (5)可能这样一个事实，那就是很多这样的最初的研究只是考虑了那些能够用网捞起来的大小的水藻，这样一个忽视了更小的浮游生物(而这些浮游生物我们现在知道是捕食者主要的食物)的做法，导致了在接下来的研究中对于捕食者的作用的贬低。难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。 解释：句子的结构繁杂。句子的主语令人吃惊地长，在最后一个逗号后的led以前，全是主语!其实句子的主干简单，就是the fact led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers。但是本句的主语the fact后面的修饰成分长得吓人，先是个定语从句;定语从句中又套了一个定语从句。然后逗号后面的a practice引导的部分是前面的主语的同位语兼任插入语，practice后面的修饰它的一大堆东西又是定语从句套着定语从句。本句是典型的层层修饰结构。 意群训练：Perhaps the fact that many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that could be collected in a net(net phytoplankton),a pratice that overlooked the smaller that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on,led to a de-emphasis of the role