第一章 公共用语
口述题
1. Please say something about your hometown. 请评价一下你的家乡
例一(简单)
(1) My hometown is Dalian. Dalian is a beautiful city. 我的家乡是大连。大连是一座美丽的城市。It is in the Liaoning Province, facing the Bohai Sea. 它是在辽宁省,面对渤海。There are about 5 million people in the city. 大约有500万人在城市。
(2) It is a famous tourist coastal city in China. Its climate around the year is suitable and comfortable for living. 它是著名的旅游沿海城市 ，整年的气候很合适,舒适对于的生活。The sky is blue and the air is clean. There are many famous spots attracting many tourists every year. 天空是蓝色的,空气是那么清新。有许多著名的景点每年吸引了很多游客。
(3) The specialties of Dalian is the seafood. There are many good restaurants providing delicious seafood. 大连特色是海鲜。有很多好的餐厅提供可口的海鲜。
例二（稍难）
I come from Zhoushan我来自舟山Zhoushan is a city in Zhejiang province舟山是浙江省一个城市It is a small city with a population of about 100,000. 这是一个小城市的人口大约10万It is located by the sea. It is a famous tourist city. 它坐落在海边。这是一个著名的旅游城市Many tourists come to visit my hometown, they enjoy their summer holidays in my hometown. 许多游客来我的家乡,他们在我的家乡享受暑假。People here are very friendly. Now you can see many new buildings, modern-looking residential houses, many straight country roads connected to broad highways, and green trees and plants with flowers everywhere. 这里的人也很友好。现在你可以看到很多新的建筑物,时尚的外表住宅,许多笔直乡村路,连接到公路，到处是绿色的树和植物和鲜花。It is a famous tourist city in China. It is noted for its beautiful sea and clean environment and ship building and repair industry. 它是中国著名的旅游城市。这里出名的是漂亮的海洋和又乾净的住宿环境和船舶制造和维修行业。
2. Please say something about yourself. 说说你自己的情况
。1）My name is …,I am …years old. I graduated from Dalian Shipping College. My major is marine navigation. I am 25 years old. I come from Dalian. 我的名字是…,我…岁。我毕业于大连航运职业技术学院。我的专业是航海技术。我今年25岁。我来自大连。
(2) I am a third officer. My daily work includes watching-keeping, maintaining firefighting and lifesaving equipment etc. My watching time is from 0800 to 1200 a.m. and p.m. when at sea. (2)我是一名3副。我的日常工作,包括值班,维护消防、救生设备等领域。我看时间是从上午8点和下午到12点时在海上。
(3) In my spare time, I like reading ,watching TV, playing basketball and football. Sometimes I would like to surf the internet, to go shopping etc. 三)在我的业余时间
,我喜欢看书、看电视、打篮球、踢足球。有时我想浏览互联网,去购物等。
3. Please say something about your family3。请说说你的家庭。
(1) My family is a happy one. There are three people in my family, my father, mother and I.. 1)我的家庭是一个幸福的家庭。我家有三口人,爸爸、妈妈和我. .
(2) My father is an engineer. He works in Dalian shipyard. My mother is a teacher. She works in Dalian Maritime University2)我的父亲是一名工程师。他在大连造船厂。我的妈妈是一位教师。她在大连海事大学My mother teaches English language. She is one of the most popular teachers.
我的母亲教英语。她是最受欢迎的老师之一。
(3) My mother has a hobby of collecting stamps. She has collected thousands pieces of stamps, including quite a lot of foreign stamps. (三)我的母亲有集邮的爱好。她已收集了上万件邮票,包括大量的外国邮票。My father likes playing pingpong and this makes him healthy. 我的父亲喜欢打乒乓球,这使他身体健康。
4. The favorite port you have called at. 4。你最喜爱的港口。
1) I have called at many famous ports around the world. Dalian port is my favorite port I have called at. (1)我拜访过许多著名世界各地的港口。大连港是我最喜欢的港口,我所说的。
(2) It is a modernized port. There are many modernized port facilities, including deep water berths and cargo loading and unloading equipments. 2)这是一个现代化的港口。有许多现代化港口设施,包括深水泊位和货物装卸设备。It can accept various large and ultra large vessels. 它能接收各种大、特大船
(3) Dalian port is an ice-free port. 三)有限公司、大连港是一不冻港。With the fast pace of development and the special geographic position, Dalian port will surely become the most important port in the northeast of China. 与快节奏的发展和特殊的地理位置、大连港,他一定会成为最重要的港口在中国的东北。
5. Please say something about your responsibilities on board. 5。请说说你的责任。
(1) I work in the deck department. I am a third officer. (1)我在甲板上。我是一名3副
(2) I shall keep a navigation watch from 0800 to 1200 and from 2000 to 2400 while underway at sea. 我必遵守值班是,从1200到 0800 2000到2400在海上。I shall supervise the operation at station on the bridge while the vessel is mooring , unmooring or anchoring.我在船舶系泊，航行，抛锚时负责
(3) I am responsible to the Master for the care of all lifesaving appliances and firefighting equipment and to ensure that all of them are maintained in a thoroughly efficient state and all are in valid. ,船长的责任是所有救生和消防设备,以确保他们所有的都保持充分的立即可用状态,所有的是有效的。I shall keep the safety equipment record book.. 我要保持设备的安全记录书…
问答题
1 My date
of birth is 4th of April 1974. 我出生于1974年4月4日。
2 It’s A3996625.
3 I am from Dalian China我来自中国大连
4 My captain’s nationality is China我的船长国籍是中国
5 I thick the most important thing on board is safe, secure and efficient我想最重要的事情是安全、保险和有效的
6 I often call at Dalian, Shanghai, and Honking ports我经常在大连、上海、喇叭港口
7 My favorite TV program is news program我最喜欢的电视节目是新闻节目
8 My favorite Web site is www. CCTV. Com我最喜欢的网站是www。中央电视台。Com
9 My favorite day of the week is Friday. Because it is weekend day and next date is off day
我一周最喜欢的日子是星期五。因为它是周末的最后一天,下次约会的一天
10 My favorite movie is action movie我最喜欢的电影是一部动作片
11 My favorite music is light music我最喜欢的音乐是轻音乐
12 My favorite magazine is READER我最喜爱的杂志的读者
13 The population of my hometown is six millions我家乡的人口是六百万
14 The population of my country is 13 billions我的国家的人口是13亿
15 The best thing about my hometown is the weather. It is not hotter in summer and not colder in winter最大的好处是我的家乡天气。它没有炎热的夏天,和寒冷的冬天
16 The worst thing about my hometown is the cost of living is too high, especially cost of medicine, education and house最糟糕的我的家乡生活费用太高,特别是医疗、教育成本和房子
17 My hometown is a middle size modernization city我的家乡是在一个中型现代化的城市
18 Yes. There are many disasters, such as earthquakes, flooding, typhoon etc.. 是的。有许多灾害,比如地震、洪水、台风等。
19 I like to watch football games on TV我喜欢在电视上看足球比赛
20 I think the most popular sport in the world is football match我认为世界上最流行的体育运动是足球比赛
第三章 靠离与锚泊业务
口述题
1. Describe the responsibilities as a watch officer while the ship is at anchor. 描述在抛锚时作为值班员的责任。
1) Regular operations for anchor watch锚班常规操作
(1) The watch officer should observe the anchor position, note down the vessel’s heading and depth of water, and mark the anchor position on the charts; 值班员应该观察锚位，船首向和水深，在海图上标出锚位。
2) The officer on watch and the sailor on duty should keep watch on the bridge and read and sign the master’s night orders/special orders; 值班员和水手应该驾驶台值班，,阅读和签署了船长的夜航命令和特殊命令。
(3) They should maintain proper lookout, pay attention to the vessel’s movements in the vicinity, check the anchor position frequently, check whether the vessel and other vessels are dragging anchor; 他们应保持正规
了望,注重那附近船的运动, 频繁检查锚的位置,检查本船和其他船是否走锚。
(4) They must ensure that the signal flag, lights and shapes are correctly hoisted. When the visual range reduces to 2 miles, they should sound the fog signal according to the Regulation. 就必须确保信号旗,灯和型号正确挂出来了。当目视距离减少到2英里,他们应该发出雾声信号按照规定。
(5) The anchor position, vessel’s movement in the vicinity, VHF listening channel, tide stream and weather information as well as matters ordered by the master should be transferred to the relieving officer when change watch. 当改变值班时锚的位置，在附近运动的船舶，甚高频收听的，潮流 天气信息，更多的事项由船长命令的应该转达给接班人员。
2) Emergency handling in case of dragging紧急处理走锚
In case of dragging, the watch officer must inform the master and the engine room and carry out the following emergency measures: 防止拖延值班员必须告知船长及机舱和落实紧急措施。:
(1) veer out more chain on the anchor dropped; 松出更多的锚链。
(2) drop the second anchor, veer out good scope, and then weigh the first anchor放下第二个锚，松开良好的范围，然后起第一锚
2) Conclusion结论
It is very important to monitor the anchor position and avoid dragging. 监控锚位是非常重要的避免拖行着。
2. Describe the proper way of using VHF描述正确使用VHF方法
1) How to operate VHF set properly如何操作VHF
Switch on the power, select the channel, and turn up the volume, then you can receive message on that channel. If you want to transmit message, press the transmitting button and speak. 1接接通电源,选择频道和放大音量, 在那个频道你就可以接收讯息。如果你想发送信息,按传输按钮和说话。
2) General rules of using VHF使用甚高频一般规则
(1) Keep listening watch on channel 16 at all times while the bridge is manned;在16频能够全天的有人在驾驶台职守
(2) Use channel 16 only to establish contact and then change to another frequency at once; 使用频道16仅仅建立联系,然后在换成另一频道。
(3) Distress calls or messages have absolute priority（优先权） over all other communication. When hearing distress calls, all other transmissions should stop and a listening watch should be kept. 遇险的电话和信息有绝对优先级(优先权)超过其他所有的沟通。听到遇险电话,所有的其它传输应该停止并保持监视收听
3) Rules of using CH 16使用规则CH 16
VHF channel 16 is only to be used for calling in cases of distress, safety and urgency. 16通道高频仅限使用遇险,安全性和紧急时使用
3. Describe the procedures before arrival at a port描述抵达港口程序
1) The preparations from the bridge驾驶台的前期准备
The bridge should驾驶台应该
（1） send ETA to the pilot station at
appropriate time with all relevant information; 预计到港时间和各类相关信息在恰当时间发送给引航站,
（2）study port information, sailing directions and other navigation information, including restrictions on draft, speed, entry time, etc.; 入港时间细读港口信息和航路指南等。
学习其他导航信息,包括限制的吃水，速度
（3）check and correct the charts used for entering the port and mark the intended track and courses on the charts; 检查和正确使用进入港口海图并标记预定航线和航道在海图上。
（4） check the communication equipment; 检查通讯设备。
（5） check and test the indicators, displays, meters, vessel’s clock, navigational aids and walkie-talkie; 检查和测试指示器,显示,仪表、船舶的时钟、导航仪器及步话机。
（6） hoist the vessel’s national flag and that of the port state, 船旗和港口国旗vessel’s ensign, signal flag and shapes as per the international practice；船旗、信号旗和型号按照国际惯例turn on/off he stipulated (规定的) lights in time. 打开/关闭他规定灯。
2） Preparations done from the engine room机舱应准备
The engine room should机舱应该
(1) check and inspect the main engine， correct defects and make records; 检查,检测主机及辅机、改正缺陷并做好记录。
(2) make deck power available; 提供甲板电源
(3) put adequate pressure on fire main. 消防水管打开足够压力
3) Preparations done from the deck从甲板上做准备
The deck department should甲板上的部门应
(1) check and inspect the mooring equipments, anchoring equipment, emergency
equipment, and solve the problems and make records; (1)检查,检测系泊设备、锚机设备,应急设备、解决问题并做好记录
（2）have ship’s crew at station for entering port; 进入港口人员就位;
（3）stand by both anchors as per the master’s instruction for use in emergency; 备双锚为了在紧急状态下根据船长指令使用双猫
（4）get ready the pilot ladder, manropes, lifebuoy and lights and ensure they are in
good order, safe and reliable. 准备领航梯,扶手索 救生圈和灯光,并确保其正常有效，安全可靠。
4 Describe the procedures before leaving a port描述离港业务
The procedures before leaving a port are as follows: 离开港口前程序如下:
1) Preparations done from the bridge驾驶台的准备
The bridge should 驾驶台应该
(1) switch on gyro and repeaters and have them synchronized; 打开电罗经和复示器并让他们同步（电罗经复示器）。
2) start up and tune the radars, and have them ready for operation; 启动和调谐雷达、做好运行准备,
(3) check magnetic compass heading; 检查磁罗经首向。
(4) synchronize ship’s clocks; 校准船钟
(5) check autopilot and changeover arrangements; 检查的自动舵和转换装置
(6) keep VHF listening watc
h on appropriate channel and enhance contact with port control. 保持在适当频道甚高频加强职守并且与港口当局联系。
2) Preparations done from the engine room机舱准备
The engine room should机舱应该
(1) have the main engine ready and test the telegraphs; 备好主机,测试车钟。
(2) have deck power available; 提供甲板电源。
3) Preparations done from the deck甲板做准备
The deck department should甲板上的部门应
(1) have crew at station for leaving port; 离港时人员就位
(2) have anchors clear and ready for use; 锚清爽、随时可用。
(3) lash and secure cargo, containers, removable parts and fittings; 绑扎和系固货物、集装箱、可移动部件和装置
(4) seal up cargo holds, fix the hoisting gear, and secure accommodation ladder; )封闭货舱、固定起重机,和系固舷梯。
(5) take back mooring lines, lashings and coverings. )收回,系泊缆绳和绑扎用具和挡板。
(6) Carry out a thorough security inspection, search for stowaways and smuggling. 进行彻底的安全检查,搜索偷渡者和走私者。
5. Describe the procedures of pilotage。描述引航的程序
The procedures for pilotage are as follows: 引航程序如下:
1) General procedures for pilot request请求引水一般程
The ship requesting a pilot should send the following information to the pilot station as early as possible: 船如需要引航员，驾驶台应该及早向引航站发送以下信息
(1) ETA or ETD )预计到港时间或预计离港时间
(2) Ship’s name, call sign, ship’s agent; 船名、呼号、船舶代理。
(3) Ship’s characteristics: length, beam, draft, air drafts; etc 。船的参数：:长度、宽、吃水、净空高度如有推进器等”:
(4) Estimated time and date at the pilot’s boarding point; 预计引航员登船时间和日期
(5) Destination and berth ( if required, side alongside); 目的地和码头(如果需要、岸边)
(6) Other relevant requirements and information. 其他有关要求和信息。
2) The preparations for receiving the pilot准备接受引航员
The ship should get ready the pilot ladder, manropes, a heaving line, lights and a lifebuoy. 这艘船应该做好准备,引航梯 扶手索、撇揽 灯光和一个救生圈。
3) General rules for pilotage一般引航规则
(1) The master must employ a pilot whenever the safe navigation of the vessel or the regulation makes it necessary. ，船长必须雇佣引航员以保证让船安全航行或根据有关的规定
(2) With the pilot on board, the master is still responsible for the safe navigation of the vessel.引航员在船上，船长仍然要负责船的安全
(3) The master must remain alert and be attentive to the pilot’s handling of the vessel and must advise the pilot at any time the pilot is in error or otherwise neglecting the safe navigation of the vessel. If the pilot fails to act on the master’s advice when the master judges th
e safety of the vessel to be jeorpadized, the master must relieve the pilot and take control of the vessel. Full details of this action must be entered in the deck log. 船长必须保持警惕引航员的操作，必须在任何时候避免发生引航员错误操作或忽视船的安全航行行为，如果引航员不听从船长判断船存在安全问题时 船长当解除引航员的权利控制这条船，这次行动的所有细节要写入航海日志。
问答题
1．Can you list at least three mooring lines?
The ship’s mooring lines are:
1) the head line 首缆 2）the stern line 尾缆
3) the forward breast line 前横缆 4) the forward spring line 前倒缆
5) the aft breast line 后横缆 6) the aft spring line 后倒缆
2．What should be prepared before the pilot comes on board?
Before the pilot comes on board, the pilot ladder, lights, heaving line and lifebuoy should be prepared and ready for use. 在引航员来之前领航梯、灯光、扶手索、救生圈应备妥使用
3. What is the maximum speed through the water that your ship can anchor without risking breaking the cable? 当抛锚时不损害锚链的最大对水速度是多少?
I think the maximum speed is below 2 knots. 我认为最大速度低于2节
4. What flag should be hoisted when a vessel requires a pilot? 当需要引航员的时候应该挂什么样的旗帜
When a vessel requires a pilot, the signal flag G should be hoisted. (Signal letter Golf means I require a pilot.) 当一艘船需要一名引航员,信号旗G应该挂出来了。(信号G意味着我需要一名引航员。)
5. How can a ship get in touch with a port before her arrival? 。如何能取得联系当船到达港口之前
The ship can get in touch with a port by VHF. 这艘船能用VHF来来联系港口。
6. What ship’s particulars will pilot station usually ask for?引航站通常需要询问的船舶资料
The pilot station usually asks for ship’s name, call sign, LOA, ETA, ETD, drafts fore and aft, air draft, last port of call, next port of call, cargo conditions, etc. 引航站通常要求的船的名字、呼号、全长预计到港时间 预计离港时间 前后吃水,压载水、、上一港口的名字,下一个港口、货物情况等
7. What should be reported to the pilot station? 什么应该向引航站报告?
The following should be reported to the pilot station: 以下时,应当报给引航站
ship’s ETA, ETD, name, call sign, LOA, 船ETA ETD :、船名、呼号、总长
drafts fore and aft, air draft, 船头到船尾的吃水,空气压载水,
last port of call, next port of call, 上一挂靠港,下一个停留港
cargo conditions and information about ship’s deficiency. 货物情况和关于船的缺陷信息
8. What should be confirmed from the pilot station?什么应该跟引航站确认
Pilot’s boarding time and place, pilot ladder on which side. 引航员员的登船时间和地点,船舶的哪一侧有引
航梯。
9. When the vessel enter the VTS area (交通管制区), what is requested to report?当船舶进入管辖区域时，要求做什么报告
Ship’s ETA, name, call sign and flag state; ship’s position, course and speed, the reporting point the vessel is passing, cargo conditions, etc. 船的预计到达时间:名字,呼唤标志、船旗国,位置、航向和速度、船舶经过报告点,货物情况,等等。
10. What does foul anchor mean? 锚交缠是什么意思?
Foul anchor means that the anchor has its own cable twisted around it or has fouled an obstruction. 锚交缠意味自己的锚链绞缠一起或者锚链缠到一个障碍物。
11．If you are ordered “Stand by both engines”, how should you reply and report? 如果你被要求“备双车”,你应该怎样回复,报告吗?
I should reply: “Stand by both engines” and report: “ both engines standing by”. 我应该回答道:“备双车””和报告:“备双车”
12. Can you list three famous canals in the world? 你能列举三个世界著名的运河
They are the Sues Canal, Panama Canal and Kiel Canal. 他们是苏伊士运河、巴拿马运河和基尔运河。
13. When you request the receiver to remain on the channel 16 in VHF communication, what do you say? 当你请求保持对VHF的16频道通讯时,你会说什么呢?
I’ll say “Stand by on Channel 16”. 我会说“待命16频道”
14. How to rectify the mistake in maritime VHF communication? 如何纠正错误,海事VHF通讯中?
To rectify the mistake in maritime VHF communication, you should say two words: “mistake, correct” followed by the correct part of the message在16频纠正错误时,你应该说两个字:“错误,改正”,紧随其后的是正确的部分信息For example: My present speed is 14 knots, mistake, correct, my present speed is 12, one two knots. 例如:我现在的速度是14节,错误,改正,我的当前的速度是12,12节。
15. How to emphasize the important part of the message in maritime VHF communication? 在VHF通讯中如何强调重要部分的信息?
To emphasize the important part of a message in maritime communication, you should say the word “repeat” and then say the important part of the message. 强调的重要部分海事信息通讯时,你应该就说“重复",然后就说重要部分的信息For example, “do not overtake, repeat, do not overtake. 例如,“别超车、重复一遍,别超车。
16. What does abandon “abandon vessel mean? “弃船是什么意思?
Abandon vessel means evacuating crew and passengers from a vessel after a distress. 弃船意味着在遇险后，人员和乘客从船上撤离
17. What does the abbreviation “ETD” stand for? ETD代表什么
ETD stands for Estimated Time of Departure. ETD代表预计离港时间
18. What does dredging an anchor mean? 拖锚什么意思吗?
Dredging anchor means the moving of an anchor over the sea bottom to control th
e movement of the vessel. 拖锚的意思是用海底运动的锚控制船的运动
19. What does “underway mean”? UNDERWAY是什么意思
Underway means a vessel which is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or aground. 是指不是在船锚或者系泊,或搁浅。
20What does “dragging of an anchor” mean?走 锚”的意思是什么?
Dragging of an anchor means the moving of an anchor over the sea bottom involuntarily and it is no longer preventing the movement of the vessel. 是指锚在海底不由自主的运动并且不在防止船得运动
21. What is the difference between a “radar beacon” and a “radar reflector”? "雷达信标”和“雷达反射器”之间的差别是什么
A radar beacon is an active device that can transmit a pulse for identification while a radar reflector is a passive device that can only enhance the aids’ ability to reflect radar signals. 雷达指标是一个主动的设备，他能发射脉冲而且识别一些物标。而雷达反射器是一种被动的加强反射雷达信号能力。
22. How many objects do you need to get a position using “horizontal sextant angles 六分仪水平角定位”？ 使用“六分仪需要多少个点才能定位”？
At least two
23. Why is a magnetic compass kept on board when a gyro compass is more accurate? 在船上船上的陀螺罗经更准确，为什么还要配备磁罗经？
Because magnetic compass is self-contained simple and reliable, and not easily damaged. 因为磁罗经是独立供电、结构简单、工作可靠,不容易被损坏。
24. What do you report when the anchor has been heaved out of the ground and is clear of it? 你们有什么话当锚离开水底
The anchor is aweigh. Anchor clear锚离底。
25. When preparing for anchoring what must you do before releasing the bow stoppers船首制链器？在准备抛锚时再打开船首制链器应该做什么？
I should first lock the break belt tightly and disengage the clutch . 我应该先刹紧刹车带然后打开离合器
26. Would you let go an anchor from the hawse pipe if the depth was 75 meters? 如果水深75米你会让锚链从锚链孔放出吗?
I would not let go the anchor because the water is too deep我也不会放锚，因为那水太深
27. Why must you consider ship’s speed and sea depth when you release the bow stopper? 当你释放船手制链器你为什么必须考虑船的速度和海洋深度？
If the ship’s speed is too fast, the anchor chain may break. 如果船的速度太快,锚链可能损坏。
If the sea is too deep, the cable may be surged 滑脱, get out of control and damaged. 如果海底是如此深,锚链可能滑脱,失控并毁坏的。
28. What must always be brought and placed close to the pilot ladder well before the pilot’s embarkation? 引航员登船之前，要在引航梯上放些什么?
The manropes, lifebuoy, heaving line，lights and a lifebuoy must be brought and p
laced close to the pilot ladder well before the pilot’s embarkation. 扶手索 ,救生圈,扶手索,灯准备好救生圈必须放在引航梯附近载引航员的登船前。
29. Why is it dangerous to anchor in ice?为什么在冰上抛锚有危险
Because the ship may be icebound and cannot move. 因为船被冰困住和不能移动。
30. What flag is hoisted when the pilot has arrived on board? 悬挂什么信号旗当引航员已经上船时?
The signal flag H should be hoisted. 信号旗H应该挂出来了。
第四章 装卸作业
口述题
1. Describe the procedures of carrying dangerous cargo on board. 描述船上其它货物运输危险程序。
When carrying dangerous cargo on board, the vessel must follow the correct procedures船舶载运危险品时,船必须遵循正确的程序::
(1) The chief officer should obtain information of the dangerous cargo from the shipper. The information includes the following: 大幅应该从托运人获得危险货物的信息。信息包括如下:
packing, classes and UN No. ; 包装等级和编号。
tons to be loaded; 被装载的吨数
country of production and country of destination; 生产的国家和目的地国
notices on loading, care on board and discharging. 注意装货，船上的看管和卸货。
(2) When loading and discharging the dangerous cargo, precautions should be taken for the safe operation. 当装卸危险品,应当采取安全防范措施
While loading, 当装载,
check the correct technical names in documents and correct marks;在文件里检查正确技术名称和标签。
check the proper use of handling gear; 检查吊货装置的正确使用情况
check the careful and safe stowage; 检查小心和安全的装载
check if cargo is carefully separated and secured. 仔细检查货物隔离和固定
While discharging, 卸货时
take safety measures to discharge dangerous cargo; 采取安全措施卸载危险货物。
check the proper use of handling gear; 吊货装置的正确使用。
check the complete unloading. 检查是否完全卸完
During the voyage, 在航行中,
check the hold ventilators; 检查货舱通风系统。
check the hatch cover; 检查舱口盖
check the temperature in the hold. 检查货舱温度。
2. Describe the precautions before entering an enclosed space. 描述了预防在进入一个封闭的空间的预防措施。
Before entering an enclosed space, take the following precautions into account: 在进入一个封闭的空间,采取以下措施考虑:
(1) Make sure to have a person in attendance with you; 确保有一个人与你一起。
(2) Ensure that the space has been thoroughly ventilated;确保空间已经彻底的通风。
(3) Prepare the ventilation, breathing tool, connecting signals, oxygen, air and poisonous gases test equipment, and other necessary equipment according to the checklist;做好通风，呼吸工具，联系信号，氧气，空气和
有毒气体的检测设备和其他有清单上的必要设备
(4)Test the atmosphere of the space at different levels for oxygen deficiency and harmful gases or vapors. 测试空间的不同层的氧缺陷和有害气体和蒸气。
(5) Wear self-contained breathing apparatus if necessary; 如有必要穿自己呼吸设备;
(6) Get the Master's signature on the checklist;在检查清单上签有船长的签名
(7) Even when a space has been found safe for entering, it should be monitored for as long as any person is inside.即使确认为空间安全后，应该在外面有人监视
3. Describe the procedures of cargo stowage. 描述货物装载程序。
The procedures of cargo stowage are as follows: 货物装载程序如下:
(!) The chief officer should obtain the cargo information, especially dangerous cargo information from the shipper; 大幅应获得货物信息,尤其是托运人获得危险货物的信息。
(2) The cargo list should be available and complete; 货物清单应可供使用和完整
(3) The principles and considerations on navigation safety保证航行安全应有原则和注意事项
(4) The chief officer should prepare a proper stowage plan to ensure cargoes are proper loaded on board 在航行中大幅应该准备一份合适的装载计划。
The cargo should be properly distributed on board to ensure the ship's stability and reasonable drought and trim during the voyage; 航行中货物应该适当地分布在船上确保船的稳定性和合理的吃水和纵倾
The bunkers and waters should be proper arranged on board to ensure the proper distribute the longitudinal stress; 燃料和水应该合理分配保证船舶纵向强度
The double bottom tank should be filled to improve stability. 双底压载舱应打水，提高稳定性。
(5) The cargo stowage plan should be modified if necessary.如果有必要货物配载图应加以修改,
4. Describe the actions to be taken in case of an oil spill on board. 描述船上发生溢油的应对措施
In case of an oil spill on board, actions should be taken according to the SOPEP (Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan 在船上万一溢油, 根据SOPEP(船舶油污应急计划)应采取行动、
(1) Send out oil spill signals; 发出溢油信号
(2) Muster the oil clearance team to fight against the spillage; 集合清油队处理泄露。
(3) Take measures to prevent spilt oil spreading;采取措施防止油扩散
(4) Report the spillage to MSA (Marine Safety Agency 海运安全管理局）or the local pollution control; 把溢油报告给海运安全管理局或当地污染控制机构
(5) When taking actions against oil spill, the precaution should be taken for preventing second pollution. 当采取行动防备溢油,应采取措施防止二次污染。
5. Describe how to ensure a proper stowage for general cargo. 描述杂货的合理装载
(1) General factors to be taken into account: 普通因素要考虑:
A description of the cargo;
货物的描述。
The gross weight of the cargo; 货物的总重量。
The dimensions of the cargo; 货物的尺寸。
Any special properties of the cargo. 任何货物的特殊性能。
(2) Special considerations: 特殊事项:
The vessel should be fully loaded; 船应该充分装载
A reasonable drought and trim to ensure a comfortable voyage; 以确保舒适的航行要有一个合理的吃水和纵倾
Have satisfactory ship's stability and strength. 令人满足的船的稳定性和强度。
问答题
1. How many classes were dangerous cargoes divided into according to the IMDG code? Can you list some? 根据《国际海运运输规则》怎么分货物的危险等级?你能列举一些吗?
According to the IMDG code, the dangerous cargoes are divided into 9 classes: 根据《国际海运运输规则》货物的危险等级共有9种
Class 1: explosives (爆炸物)
Class 2: Gases; 气体
Class 3: flammable liquids (易燃液体)；
Class 4: flammable solids (易燃固体)；
Class 5: oxidizing substances and organic peroxides (氧化物和有机过氧化物)；
Class 6: toxic and infectious substances (有毒和污染物)；
Class 7: radioactive materials (放射性物质)；
Class8: corrosives (腐蚀性物质)；
Class 9: miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles (混合的危险物质和物品)
2. What kind of cargo is classified as flammable liquids? 什么样的货物被划分为易燃液体呢
Flammable liquids refers to the liquids, or mixture of liquids which gives off flammable vapor（易燃性蒸汽）at or below 60 degree centigrade in the closed cup test (闭杯试验). 易燃液体或混合液体的液体是指低于60度在闭杯试它就会发出易燃蒸汽
3. Please describe the general nature of general cargo? 请描述的一般特性杂货
(1) General cargo means various kinds of solid cargoes with or without package carried in a single hold; 普通货物意味着各种固体货物或者没有包装的货物储存在同一舱室内。
(2) General cargo may be in bags, bales, cases or steel drums; 普通货物可能用包或捆或用铁桶
(3) The stowage of general cargo needs separation and dunnage. 普通货物需要隔离的垫舱
4. Please describe the general nature of bulk cargo. 请描述散货的一般特性。
(1) Bulk cargo means cargo can be directly put into the holds or tanks of a ship without any package or without any form of containment; 杂货指货物可直接放在货舱或舱底没有任何包装或没有放在任何容器内。
(2) Grain, coal and iron ore are common solid bulk cargoes; 粮食煤炭和铁矿石是通常的散货。
5. What kind of cargo is canvas sling (帆布吊兜) suitable for lifting? 什么样的货是帆布吊索适合起吊的?
It is used for lifting bulk cargo. 它是用来提升散货。
6. What kind of cargo is chain sling (链式吊索) suitable for lifting? 什么样的货物适合链式吊索链提升?
It is used for lifting
heavy slender articles (重而细长货), such as timber or steel rails. 它是用来抬沉重的长条的货物,如木材或钢铁轨上
7. What kind of cargo is net sling (网吊兜) suitable for lifting? 什么样的货物是净吊索适合提升的?
It is used for lifting general cargo. 它是用来提升杂货。
8. What does the abbreviation COW stand for? COW代表什么?
COW stands for crude oil washing COW代表(原油洗舱)。
9. What does “jettison of cargo” (弃货) mean? 弃货是什么意思
It means to throw goods overboard in order to lighten the vessel or improve its stability in case of an emergency. 它的意思是把货物抛弃以减轻船舶或提高其稳定性以防危险。
10. What does “ compatibility of goods” (货物的兼容性) mean? 货物的兼容性是什么意思
It means that different goods can be stowed together in one hold without causing any chemical reaction. 这意味着不同的商品可以装在同一个保持无引起任何的化学反应。
11. What does the abbreviation SWL stand for? SWL缩写是什么意思
It stands for Safe Working Load. 它代表了安全工作负荷。
12. What does “ shifting cargo” (货物横向移动) mean? 货物横向移动什么意思
Shifting cargo means transverse movement of cargo, caused by rolling or heavy list.
13. What does “union purchase” (双杆联吊) mean? 双杆联吊什么意思
It means using two derricks to work together at one hatch while handling cargo.
它的意思是用两吊杆联合在一起工作在一个舱室内装卸货物。
14. What preparations should be done before loading cargo? 载货前要做什么准备
Before loading cargo the following preparations should be done: 载货前应该做
(1) complete the stowage plan; 完成配载图
(2) keep the holds clean, dry and free of smell; 保持货舱清洁、干燥、无气味,
(3) prepare the cargo handling gear; 准备货物装卸工具
(4) check the safety arrangements and ventilators in the holds;在货舱检查安全装置和通风。
(5) prepare sufficient dunnage materials; 准备充分垫舱材料;
15. What is the loading capacity (装载能力) of your vessel? 什么是你的船承载能力呢？
The loading capacity of my vessel is 16789 cubic meters. (2000 TEUs). 我的承载能力的船只16789立方米。(2000货柜
16. What cargo handling gear and equipment does your vessel have? 用什么设备装卸货物
My vessel has winches and derricks. 我的船舶用绞车、吊杆。
17. What can be used to remove spillage? 什么可以用来清除溢出
The booms (浮木挡栅), straw (稻草), skimmer (撇油器) and absorbent materials (吸附材料) can be used for preventing spill oil spreading. (浮木挡栅稻草撇油器(吸附材料用来清除溢出
18. What should be ensured before entering the enclosed space? 在进入封闭的空间要保证什么?
Before entering an enclosed space, it should ensure that the space pass enough ve
ntilation and there is no toxic air. 在进入一个封闭的空间,它应该确保经过足够通风没有有毒空气。
19. Please list some cargo papers. 请列出一些货物的文件
Cargo manifest (货物舱单); Stowage/Cargo plan (船舶配载图、船舶积载图)；Shipping order （装货单）；Bill of Lading (提单)；Hatch list (分舱单）；Heavy cargo list (重件货清单)；
20. What must you wear when you enter an enclosed space?当你进入封闭区域是你应该穿什么？
When I enter an enclosed space, I must wear the protective clothing and breathing apparatus. 当我进入到一个封闭的空间,我必须穿著防护衣和呼吸设备。
第五章 航行
口述题
1. Describe the duties of the watch-keeping officer when underway. 描述值班员在航行中的责任
The OOW is the Master's representative and is primarily responsible at all times for the safe navigation of the vessel and for complying with the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (ColRegs 国际海上避碰规则). The officer of the navigational watch shall: 在任何时候安全航行的船舶航行值班人员是船长的代表和主要负责人,并遵守其国际海上避碰规则。航海值班人员应:
(1) Keep the watch on the bridge; 保持在驾驶台值班
(2) In no circumstances leave the bridge until properly relieved by an appropriate officer; 在任何情况下,直到有人来替换驾驶台值班,否则不能离开驾驶台
(3) Notify the Master when in any doubt as to what action to take in the interests of safety; 在有任何疑问时通知船长，采取何种行动影响船安全的利益
(4) Continue to be responsible for the safe navigation of the vessel despite the presence of a pilot on board; 继续负责船舶安全航行,尽引水在船
(5) Ensure that the vessel is in hand steering in areas of high traffic density, in conditions of restricted visibility and in all hazardous navigational situations; 在交通密度系统、条件和能见度危险航行的情况确保船使用手操舵
(6) Keep a proper record during the watch on the movement and activities relating to the navigation of the vessel; 保持有效记录船舶的运转和其他相关的航行活动
(7) Use the radar at all times in areas of high traffic density and whenever restricted visibility is encountered or expected; 雷达在所有时间内使用，在高交通密集区和能见度不良的时候
(8) Check the vessel's position, course and speed at frequent intervals; 检查船舶所在位置,速度航向，在频繁的间隔时间内。
2. Describe the bridge shift changes （驾驶台换班).描述驾驶台换班
(1) Before taking over a bridge , the relieving officer must: 在驾驶台接班人必须:
Read and understand the standing orders (常规命令）issued by the master; 阅读和理解船长分负责的常规命令。
Become familiar with the steam
ing plan, required course and speed changes, and master's call instruction(呼叫指令); 熟悉机器的计划,规定和速度的变化,呼叫指令
Confirm the ship’s present position;确定船舶的位置
Discuss the navigational situation with the officer on watch. 和值班员讨论的航行形势
(2) Procedures for shift changes: 驾驶台换班程序
The watch officer must never leave until properly relieved by a licensed deck officer; 值班员必须永远不会离开，直到有驾驶员来换班。
The watch officer must relieve the watch on time, and the relieving officer must report to the bridge early enough; 值班员必须按时换班,接班驾驶员早点到驾驶台
The change of conn(指挥操舵的改变）must be clearly stated and logged the actual time that it took place; 清楚声明和记录实际的指挥船舶人员的改变的时间地点。
(3) Special attention: 特别的注意:
If at the time the officer of the watch is to be relieved, a maneuver of action to avoid any hazard is taking place, the relief of the officer(驾驶员的换班） should be deferred （推迟）until such action is completed;接班时船舶正在进行避让的时候，应该推迟交班，直到实际行动完成为止。
The officer of the watch should not hand over the watch(交班）to the relieving officer if he has any reason to believe that the latter is not capable to carry out his duties effectively. 如果他有任何理由相信后者是没有能力执行工作值班员看不应交给下一值班员。
3. Describe the differences between navigating in narrow channel(狭水道） and in a traffic separation scheme（分道通航制). 描述航行在在狭水道和分道通航制之间的差别
According to COLREGs Rule 9, when navigating in narrow channels: 根据国际避碰规则第九条,航行在狭窄水道:
(1) A vessl shall keep as near to the outer limit (外缘）of the channel which lies on her starboard side as safe and practicable; (1)尽可能安全的和可行的情况下船要靠水道右舷外
(2) A vessel shall not cross a narrow passage or fairway if such crossing impedes( 阻碍） the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within such channel or fairway; 如果不能安全通过的航标或航道，船舶不得过狭水道或航道
(3) Overtaking (追越）can take place only if the vessel to be overtaken (被追越船）has to take action to permit safe passing; 只有被追越船同意才允许安全通过才允许追越发生
(4) Any vessel should, if the circumstances of the case admit(如果情况容许), avoid anchoring in a narrow channel. （如果情况容许）,船只避免在一个狭水道内抛锚According to COLREGs Rule 10 Traffic Separation Schemes, a vessel using a traffic separation scheme shall: 根据避碰规则十条分道通航使用分道通航方案:
(1) proceed in appropriate traffic lane (正确的通航分道）in the general direction of traffic flow (
船舶总流向）for that lane; (1)船舶总流向是正确的通航水道。
(2) So far as practicable keep clear of a traffic separation line (分隔线）or separation zone(分隔带）；在可行的范围内远离交通分隔线或者分隔带
(3) Normally join or leave a traffic lane at the termination of the lane(通航分道的终点), but when joining or leaving from either side shall not do so at small an angle to the general direction of traffic flow as practical;(与分道的船舶总流向形成尽可能小的角度）通常加入或者离开通航分道的终点,但是当加入或离开通航分道的终点时尽量与分道的船舶总流向形成尽可能小的角度。
(4) So far as practicable, avoid crossing traffic lanes but if obliged to do so a vessel shall cross on a heading as nearly as practicable at right angles to general direction of traffic flow; (应尽可能与分道的船舶总的流向成直角的航向穿越）
(5) So far as practicable, a vessel shall avoid anchoring in a TSS or in areas near its terminations. 在可行的范围内,或船舶应避免锚定在TSS或附近的终止地区。
4. Describe advantages of various tools or technologies for proper lookout. 描述如何利用各种工具和技术保持正规瞭望
Every vessl shall at all times maintain a proper lookout by sight(视觉）and hearing（听觉） as well as by radar scanning.每条船要时刻保持正规了望和听觉包括雷达扫描
(1) Radar observation: (1)雷达观测:
Rader can detect the presence of an object within its working range in various weather conditions. But radar cannot tell the shape, size or height of the object. Besides, radar has blind sectors. 雷达能探测到出现在它的工作范围的对象的各种气候条件。但雷达无法告诉的形状、大小或者高度目标。此外,雷达有盲区。
(2) Visual lookout (视觉了望）
It can discover object and find out its shape, size and height. But this can be possible within a certain distance in favorable weather conditions. 它可以发现对象和弄清它的形状、大小和高度。但这些可能在一定距离能见度以及良好的天气情况才可以。
Different tools and technologies have their respective advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, we should use all available means to keep a proper lookout in order to ensure safe navigation.
不同的工具和技术都有他们各自的优点和缺点。因此,我们应该使用一切可用的方法来保持正规了望,保证航行安全
5. Describe the preparations to be done by the deck department prior to arrival. 描述甲板部在进港之前的准备工作
(1) The responsibilities of the deck department are to get ready for: entering the port, going through customs, immigration and quarantine inspection formality(办理海关，移民和检疫检查手续), and loading and unloading cargo. 在船甲板部门是去准备:进入港口,通过海关、移民，检疫手续
和装卸货物检查。
(2) Preparations done from the bridge prior to arrival: 从甲板部做准备在到达以前:
Send ETA to the pilot station at appropriate time with all relevant information; 驾驶员把预计到港时间及各类相关信息传达到引航站,
Study(细阅）port information(港口资料), sailing directions(航路指南), and other navigation information, including restrictions on draft, speed, entry time, ect. 细读港口资料,航路指南,其他导航信息,包括限制的货物、速度、进入时间等。
Check and correct the charts used for entering the port and mark the intended track, course on the charts; 检查和正确使用进港海图及进入计划航线和航向。
Check and inspect the communication equipment, steering gear and solve the problem and make records; 检查和记录,通信设备、操舵设备
Check and test the indicators, displays, meters, vessel's clock, navigational aids and walkie-talkie; 检查和调试指标,显示,仪表、船舶的时钟、导航仪器及步话机。
Hoist the national flag of the arriving country, vessel ensign(船籍旗），signal flag and shapes as per the international customary practice; 升起国旗,港口国家的国旗,船旗、信号旗和型号按照国际惯例
Turn on/off the stipulated lights in time. 打开/关闭规定的灯。
(3) Preparations done from the deck: 从甲板上做准备。
Check and inspect the mooring equipments, anchoring equipment, emergency equipment, and solve the problem and make records; 检查和检查系泊设备、锚定设备,应急设备和解决问题并记录,
Ship's crew at station for entering port; 进港之前人员就位
Stand by port and starboard anchors as per the master's instruction for use in emergency; 备双锚，为了在紧急时候下，根据船长指令使用双锚
Get the pilot ladder, manrope, lifebuoy and lights ready and ensure they are in good order, safe and reliable. 把领航梯,安全索救生圈和灯光,做好准备,确保其处于正常有效、安全可靠。
问答题
1. Why is it important to sound fog signals? 为什么鸣放雾号是重要的?
Fog signals may indicate the presence of own vessel and warn the other vessels in restricted visibility. 在能见度不良时雾号可能意味着自己船的存在,并警告其他船。
2. When would you sound the emergency general alarm? 你什么时候(才)能发出通用报警?
When the vessel suffers explosion, collision, fire or flooding and is in a critical condition, the emergency general alarm should be sounded. 当船舶碰撞,爆炸、火灾或进水及任何紧急情况下, 应该使用通用报警。
3. When should an OOW notify the master immediately for emergency ship-handling or complicated navigation? Please list some. 什么时候应该立即通知船长在紧急驾驶或复杂的航行时?请列出一些。
The OOW must immediately call the master at any time the vessel appears to be running into da
nger and in various other situation. For example: 在任何时间船舶似乎处于危险中和其他各种情况中必须立即通知船长。例如
(1) when the vessel is navigating in restricted visibility or in restricted waters; )船舶航行在能见 度不良或限制水域
(2) when there is heavy traffic; 航道拥挤
(3) and during heavy weather condition; ,并在恶劣天气状况
(4) or when the OOW considers it necessary to call the master或当中认为必要的时候通知船长
4. How does the OOW assess risk of collision (评估碰撞危险）generally? 如何对船舶碰撞危险合适评估?
In general, the OOW assesses the risk of collision by means of observing the bearing change and distance change of an approaching vessel. 一般来说,碰撞危险评估中通过观察对船舶的方位的变化和距离的变化。
5. How should the relieving officer（接班驾驶员) behave in case a bridge maneuvering already took place but has not been over? 接班驾驶员应该如何行动驾驶台已发生的操纵,但是还没有结束?
The relieving officer can’t take over the watch until the bridge maneuvering has been completed. 接班驾驶员不能接管,直到驾驶台的操纵全部完成为止。
6. List the main items to be updated on the pilot card (引航卡片).例举引航卡中新的项目。
Draft 吃水 air draft 净空高度 freeboard 干舷 and other ship’s maneuvering characteristics.
7. Besides the collision risk, what else should you monitor on watch in reduced visibility? 除了碰撞危险以外在能见度下降时，还应注意什么?
I should monitor the helmsman to execute and acknowledge all orders to the helm promptly, and also monitor own ship's position, other ship's position and variable weather conditions. 我应该监视舵工执行并知悉所有舵令,及时监控自己的船的位置,其它船的位置然后天气的变化情况。
8. How do you know the VHF channels to be monitored when leaving port? 你怎麽知道这VHF通道被监控当离开港口?
When I hear the VTS station or port control calls ship's name, call sign and gives me navigational warning or advice, I know the VHF channel is monitored. 当我听VTS港口管制站或呼叫船名、呼号,给了我航行警告或者建议的时候,我知道VHF频道监测。
9. What should the Master expect from the OOW on arriving at the bridge? 。船长到达驾驶台应该从值班人员那知道什么?
The master expects the OOW reports to him about the ship's position, course and speed and whether the vessel is on the intended track. 船长希望报告船的位置、航线和速度,船舶是否在计划航线上。
10. Who should be in attendance (负责）when a pilot is on the ladder? 谁应该负责引航员在引航梯上
The officer on watch or licensed deck officer should be in attendance when a pilot is on the ladder.值班驾驶台或有证书的人员应该负责当引航员登上引航梯时。
11. W
hen should you instruct a lookout to assist you on the bridge? 在驾驶台你应该什么时候指导帮助瞭望?
I should instruct a lookout to assist me at any time I consider it necessary. 任何时候我认为必要时我应该帮助
12. What effect will the general alarm have on all the crew? 通用警报对所有的船员一般会产生什么样的后果?
When hearing the general alarm, all crew must go to their designated position and act according to their designated duties in the muster list. 听到一般报警所有船员都必须去他们的指定位置,根据应变部署表的任务采取行动。
13. Why is record keeping a necessary part of watch-keeping? 为什么记录是值班过程中是不可缺少的一环。
To see that everything is in good order and let the next watch-keeping officer know the whole situation. In addition, these records have legal effect(法律作用）in the casualty investigation（在海事调查). 看到一切都井井有条,让下一个值班驾驶员知道整个状况。此外, 对事故调查这些记录有法律影响。
14. Apart from those for navigation safety, what else should you do on an anchor position? 对航行安全除了你应该做的,在锚地你还要做什么?
I should pay attention to the nearby vessel's position and movements, to check my own anchor position, to exhibit the appropriate lights, shapes and sound signals and take measures to protect the environment from pollution by the vessel. 我要注意附近的地方船的位置和动作,检查自己的锚位，悬挂适当的灯，型号和声音信号和采取措施保护环境污染的行动。
15. How would you conveniently, check the compass error in pilotage water? 你会如何方便、检查罗经差在引航水域?
I would observe one landmark and compare the compass bearing of it with the true bearing of the landmark getting from the chart. The difference is the compass error. 我观测一个路标的方位，然后在海图上找出路标的方位差值就是罗经差。
16-35题为第三版新增题
16. If a sailing ship is overtaking a power-driver vessel, who has the right of way(航路权）？如果帆船想超越动力船，你有何种航路权
The power-driven vessel has the right of way. 动力船有优先权
17. A power-driver vessel is on a collision course with a fishing trawler(拖网渔船）. Who has the right of way?动力船与拖网渔船碰撞，谁是对的？
Both the power-driven vessel and the fishing trawler have no right of way, they should comply with the Collision Rules. 两艘船,都没有用正确的方法航行,他们应该遵守碰撞规则。
18. How many meters are there in a nautical mile? 一海里等于多少米?
A nautical mile equals to 1852 meters. 一个海里等于1852米。
19. If you travel from Panama to New York, will your latitude increase or decrease? 如果你旅行从巴拿马到纽约,你的纬度增加还是减少?
From Panama to New York, the latitu
de will increase. 从巴拿马到纽约,纬度将会增加
20. How many " position lines" (位置线) are needed to make a position? 有多少种”的位置需要“位置线?
To make a position at least two position lines are needed.确定一个位置,至少需要两个位置线。
21.Can you define the very important term "underway" ? 你可以定义非常重要的术语“在航”?
Underway means that a vessel is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore or aground. 航行意味着船舶不在抛锚,不在系泊或搁浅。
22.If you observe a ship, during daytime, exhibiting three balls on the same halyard, what has happened? 如果你观察的一艘船,白天3个球,展示在同一吊索,是什么事呢?
The vessel is aground. 船舶搁浅后
23. What does the abbreviation IALA stand for? IALA代表什么?
IALA stands for the International Association of light House Authorities (国际航标协会).
24. Is it safe to pass north of a South Mark（南方位标）?它是安全在北面航行的南方位标吗?
No, it is not safe to pass north of a South Mark. 不，从北面通过南方位标是不安全的。
25. Is it safe to pass north of a North Mark （北方位标）它从北面通过北方位标是安全的么?
Yes, it is safe to pass north of a North Mark. 是的, 从北面通过北方位标是安全的么。
26. Does "variation" (磁差）change due to ship's position? 磁差随船位的变化而改变么？
Yes, variation changes with ship's position. 是的,磁差的变化随船的位置改变。
27. Does "deviation" change due to ship's position?自差随船位的变化而变化么?
No, deviation does not change due to ship's position. 不,不随船位变化而变化。
28. When correcting charts why must you use symbols and abbreviations from charts 5011? 改海图你为什么必须用海图5011的符号和缩写呢?
(1) Because many symbols and abbreviations are used on charts. These constitute a kind of shorthand which tells the navigator the physical characteristics of the charted areas and details of available aids to navigation. ,因为有许多的符号和缩写被应用于海图。这些构成了一种速记,告诉导航的制定区域地理特点和现有的细节导航
(2) Also because these symbols and abbreviations are used in the Admiralty Notices to Mariners. 也因为这些符号和缩写在航海通告也会使用
29. You have purchased a new chart. Is it right ready for use? 你已经购一个新的海图。可以立即使用么?
No, it must be corrected according to the latest Admiralty Notices to Mariners. 不,它根据最新的通告改正必须要改正。
30. What publication do you need to correct charts properly? 你需要什么出版物来修改海图呢?
I need "Notices to Mariners" and any radio warnings that are received. 我需要航海通告改正”和任何无线电收到警告。
31.What course in degrees corresponds to south-east? 东南是多少度啊?
135 degrees corresp