UNIT1
Part I Listening Activities
Section A
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. D
5. C
6. D
7. B
8. C
9. C 10.
A
11. D 12. B 13. B 14. C 15. A
Section B
16. C 17. D 18. D 19. C 20. A 21. C 22. C 23. D 24. D 25. B Section C
26. optimistic 27. goals 28. positively 29. welcome
30. overcome 31. sight 32. ordinary 33. admire
34. lived in a world of darkness and silence
35. Under the guidance of her teacher
36. has set an excellent example to all of us
Part II V ocabulary
Section A
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. B
6. C
7. A
8. C
9. D
10. B
Section B
1. come up against
2. adjust to
3. turn out
4. receptive to
5. take in
6. point out
7. wind up
8. in the face
9. come up with 10. thought up
Section C
Step 1
1. f
2. e
3. a
4. b
5. c
6. d
Step 2
1. was called a hope m achine
2. feeljust the opposite
3. call o n
4. feellike
5. feelfor
6. call
forth
Keys184 Keys
Part III Structure
Section A
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. B
5. C
6. D
7. A
8. D
9. B 10.
C
Section B
1. C (waiting for)
2. B (currently)
3. D (fuels)
4. D (depressed)
5. D (venturing out)
6. A (much greater)
7. B (causing)
8. D (as)
9. D (maintaining)
10. B (is developed)
Part IV Translation
Section A
1. 他不再关注那些得了天花的人，而把注意力转移到那些没有得天花的人身上。
2. 正是在这些情况下，我们处于一种压力之下，我们变得紧张，感觉有压力，感到被击垮了。
3. 为改变你的看法，你必须为你的电脑重新编程，从而释放自己以便接受新的想法并形成新的观察事物的方
法。
4. 原理与其是相同的：你越与某种东西抗争，你就越焦虑——你在一个错误的模式中陷得越深,也就越难摆脱
痛苦。
5. 现在让我们向处于危机中的人建议——他应该停止对所面临的危险和困难的关注，而应该专注于机遇——
因为危机总蕴含着机会。
Section B
1. was busy trying to solve the problem of smallpox
2. From the discovery that harmless cowpox gave protection against deadly
smallpox
3. That is how we change our point of view —by being imaginative
enough to think up new ideas
4. Lateral thinking, in short, is the most v aluable in those problematic
situations
5. Looking at a crisis from a n opportunity point of view
Part V Reading Comprehension
Passage 1
1. E
2. F
3. G
4. H
5. D
6. I
7. C
8. J
9. A 10.
B
Passage 2
1. D
2. D
3. C
4. A
5. B
Passage 3
1. NG
2. Y
3. N
4. Y
5. lies the possibility of change
6. can’t afford to take for grantedKeys 185
Part VI Cloze
1. C
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. A
6. D
7. C
8. B
9. D
10. A
UNIT2
Part I Listening Activities
Section A
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. B
5. B
6. A
7. D
8. C
9. C 10.
B
11. D 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. B
Section B
16. C 17. B 18. D 19. D 20. A 21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B
25. C
Section C
26. promising 27. sympathetic 28. understandable 29. respected 30. consequence 31. insisted 32. spare 33. graduation
34. met with severe financial reverses and I felt it my duty to leave
college and take a job
35. aside from t he satisfaction of being able to help the family,
money is all I got out of it
36. From being merely discontented, I became acutely miserable Part II V ocabulary
Section A
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. A
5. D
6. C
7. D
8. A
9. B 10.
A
Section B
1. upset with
2. made his mark
3. a big hit
4. broke his heart
5. lost h is temper
6. have a influence on
7. combined …
with
8. concerned with 9. passion for 10. replace …with Section C
Step 1
1. c
2. f
3. d
4. a
5. e
6. b
Step 2
1. break down
2. drawup
3. broken up
4. broke out
5. drawn to
6. drawon 186 Keys
Part III Structure
Section A
1. D
2. A
3. C
4. C
5. B
6. D
7. D
8. A
9. B 10.
A
Section B
1. B (who)
2. B (self-titled)
3. B (works)
4. B (popular musicians)
5. C (fusing)
6. D (gets p erformed)
7. A (featuring)
8. A (occurred)
9. A (as / though)
10. A (originating/ which originated)
Part IV Translation
Section A
1. 1972年6月中旬的一天，芝加哥圆形露天剧场内人山人海、热浪滚滚，一场摇滚演唱会正在进行。
2. 你认为他或Dylan是步入歧途吗？你也认为Alice Cooper令人作呕而拒不接受吗？难道你会莫名其妙地被这
个奇特的小丑吸引，原因可能是他表现出了你内心最无稽的幻想？
3. 只有他们才把创造与夸张、理性与运动、言语与声音、音乐与政治融为一体。
4. 他最著名的歌曲在音乐上融合了民族摇滚的气魄和力量，而歌词则赞美了“美好昔日”那些淳朴的欢乐。
5. Horowitz把摇滚乐的舞台视为某种辩论的论坛，一个各种思想交锋的场所。Section B
1. touched a nerve of disaffection
2. a range of emotions
3. The list could go on and on
4. These are not idle questions
5. in the pouring rain
Part V Reading Comprehension
Passage 1
1. C
2. A
3. H
4. J
5. E
6. I
7. G
8. F
9. D 10.
B
Passage 2
1. B
2. D
3. A
4. D
5. A
Passage 3
1. Y
2. N
3. NG
4. N
5. contacting ancestors
6. life in country, loveKeys 187
Part VI Cloze
1. D
2. A
3. A
4. B
5. C
6. A
7. D
8. A
9. B
10. C
UNIT3
Part I Listening Activities
Section A
1. B
2. D
3. D
4. A
5. B
6. A
7. C
8. D
9. C 10.
A
11. D 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. A
Section B
16. D 17. A 18. C 19. C 20. D 21. B 22. D 23. B 24. C
25. A
26. income 27. earn 28. reliable 29. loan
30. Federal 31. ensures 32. financial
33. already
34. what t ype of accounts they offer a nd what t hey may cost you
35. but most p eople find it easiest to work with one bank
36. People often forget that banks are making money from y our money Part II V ocabulary
Section A
1. A
2. B
3. D
4. A
5. C
6. B
7. D
8. A
9. D 10.
C
Section B
1. keep your head above water
2. cutting back on
3. out of
hand
4. kicking himself
5. struck it rich
6. tie up
7. catch up with 8. keep trackof 9. Stretching out
10. save up
Section C
Step 1:
1. f
2. d
3. b
4. e
5. c
6. a
Step 2:
1. applyingfor
2. go back on
3. go after
4. go ... without
5. apply ... to
6. go in for
188 Keys
Part III Structure
Section A
1. D
2. A
3. C
4. B
5. A
6. A
7. D
8. B
9. C 10.
C
Section B
1. C (emerging)
2. D (删去have been)
3. B (take或者to take)
4. A (taken)
5. D (threatening)
6. D (become)
7. A (seek)
8. A (themed)
9. C (the poorest ones)
10. C (that)
Part IV Translation
Section A
1. 如果你在考虑买一辆新车，那你需要尽快成为了解行情的顾客，除非你属于少数付
2. 这个过程通常比在银行申请贷款要快得多。而且对于那些“非完美”信用等级的消费者们，在商家那里贷
款的成功率更高。
3. 选车之前确定你申请贷款已得到批准是必要的，就像逛街购物之前确定自己带了钱一样。
4. 智能汽车贷款是将普通汽车贷款的便捷与抵押资产的税务减免的优势相结合。
5. 你不仅将车的贷款与房屋贷款捆绑在了一起，而且这样做在税款扣除中省的钱也许不如你选择低税率贷款
省的钱多。
Section B
1. and k nowing your options can help save you money
2. comparison shop for the best deal on a car loan
3. which ensures that the loan will be paid off
4. to give back the car-loan deduction t o consumers
5. get the shortest payback time you can comfortably handle
Part V Reading Comprehension
Passage 1
1. J
2. F
3. H
4. C
5. G
6. A
7. I
8. E
9. D 10.
B
Passage 2
1. C
2. D
3. A
4. B
5. D
Passage 3
1. N
2. NG
3. Y
4. N
5. on standby
6. team up with neighbors a nd share the journeyKeys 189
Part VI Cloze
1. D
2. A
3. A
4. B
5. D
6. C
7. B
8. D
9. D 10.
A
UNIT4
Part I Listening Activities
Section A
1. A
2. C
3. D
4. A
5. D
6. C
7. B
8. B
9. C
10. A
11. D 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. B
Section B
16. C 17. D 18. D 19. B 20. D 21. A 22. C 23. D 24. C
25. D
Section C
26. lifestyles 27. announcers 28.
convincing 29. conservatively
30. interpersonal 31. costumes 32. confidence 33.
appearance
34. it has been otherwise for women
35. the variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been greater
than that available for men
36. “An attractive woman is definitely going to get a longer
interview, b ut she won’t get a job.”
Part II V ocabulary
Section A
1. D
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. D
6. A
7. B
8. C
9.
D 10. B
Section B
1. preferred over
2. in turn
3.
worked out 4. dated back to
5. differentiate ... from
6. made out of
7. keep up with
8. differed with
9. vary from 10. as a result
Section C
Step 1
1. d
2. e
3. b
4. c
5. f
6. a
Step 2
1. brought about
2. keep off
3. brought around
4. brought off
5. keeps to
6. keep ... down190 Keys
Part III Structure
Section A
1. C
2. A
3. A
4. B
5. D
6. B
7. A
8. D
9. B 10.
A
Section B
1. B (following)
2. D (in the other greatcivilizations)
3. B (that)
4. D (has been)
5. D (changes)
6. D (ranging)
7. A (associated)
8. A (founded)
9. C (their)
10. A (can there)
Part IV Translation
Section A
1. 在一些文化中，人们将成功和幸福等同于“正如模特或电影明星”一般瘦小，迷人。这使得很多年轻妇女
觉得自己不吸引人，或肥胖得难以接受。
2. 非洲世界出现纺织品可以追溯到腓尼基人时代。
3. 编织布匹也代表了一种从父亲到儿子，从叔叔到侄儿，从母亲到女儿，以及从婶婶到侄女相互流传的传
统。
4. 布匹的质量和复杂程度决定了是适合日常穿戴还是正式场合穿戴。
5. 每个社会阶层因其独特的服装款式而有自己特有的名字。
Section B
1. with migration and interactions over time
2. differs with each group
3. wrapped around their body
4. evolved from
5. further illustrating the dynamic nature of African fashion
Part V Reading Comprehension
Passage 1
1. H
2. E
3. J
4. D
5. C
6. B
7. G
8. A
9. I 10.
F
Passage 2
1. C
2. D
3. B
4. C
5. D
Passage 3
1. Y
2. Y
3. N
4. N
5. water, juice
6. increase your desire to smoke again Keys 191
Part VI Cloze
1. B
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. B
6. A
7. D
8. B
9. C 10.
C
UNIT5
Part I Listening Activities
Section A
1. D
2. B
3. D
4. C
5. A
6. B
7. D
8. B
9. A 10.
B
11. D 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. B
Section B
16. A 17. B 18. D 19. C 20. B 21. A 22. A 23. A 24. C
25. D
Section C
26. educated 27. recreational 28. inadequate 29. fast-paced
30. available 31. physically 32. speciality 33. surgeons
34. offers many courses to accommodate all of the different students and
a higher degree of learning due to
the highly trained teachers
35. to fund these schools and give the students a higher degree of
learning which would lead to good jobs
36. Sports teams and fitness support groups are located throughout a
larger city, which results in more
physical activities that make for improved health
Part II V ocabulary
Section A
1. B
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. D
6. C
7. C
8. B
9. B 10.
D
Section B
1. rather than
2. attempt to
3. shift from
4. assist ... in
5. bestow upon
6. refer to
7. in this regard
8. are...inhabited by
9. engage in 10. contribute to
Section C
Step 1
1. e
2. d
3. f
4. a
5. b
6. c
Step 2
1. being taken down
2. take advantage of
3.
set about 4. took up
5. set down
6. will be set up192 Keys
Part III Structure
Section A
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. C
5. A
6. D
7. C
8. D
9.
A 10. B
Section B
1. D (live in)
2. C (contained)
3. C (be accounted for)
4. C (in defining)
5. A (删去they)
6. B (that)
7. C (determines)
8. A (can be found)
9. A (occurs)
10. C (that)
Part IV Translation
Section A
1. 人口迅速增长，再加上缺少较高收入的机会和得到平等的公用设施保障，使得贫民窟、非法建筑及不合格
使用土地现象增多。
2. 加尔各答历届政府始终感到改善居民的生活水平很难，并且由于独立引发的难民和移民问题使得加尔各答
政府采取了短期规划的危机处理方式。
3. 管理，在资源管理层面上，意味着干预，以求资源的开发、使用和保护和谐共存。这样一方面使资源利用
最大化，同时保证资源浪费最小化。
4. 最近几年，城市似乎又恢复了一些稳定因素，这使得城市的规划者采用预防式、主
动式规划方式，而不再
是消防式的规划。
5. 西孟加拉现政府把加尔各答视为本邦或国家经济的一个重要组成部分。这种首创性的观念有助于规划者以
更全面、动态的方式去管理城市、处理相关问题。
Section B
1. defines “management”as “to control the course of affairs by one’s
own action”
2. whereby consumption demands do not offset the production capacities
3. due to the sudden and unforeseen political and economic changes at the
global level
4. to take a more holistic and long-term v iew i n planning its affairs
5. shift from “containing urban growth to guiding it”
Part V Reading Comprehension
Passage 1
1. B
2. C
3. D
4. E
5. G
6. A
7. E 8. H 9. J 10. F
Passage 2
1. D
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. D
Passage 3
1. Y
2. Y
3. N
4. NG Keys 193
5. Air pollution and traffic
6. 26 percent
Part VI Cloze
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. A
5. B
6. A
7. B
8. A
9. B 10.
A
UNIT6
Part I Listening Activities
Section A
1. C
2. D
3. A
4. A
5. C
6. C
7. D
8. C
9. D
10. C
11. B 12. B 13. B 14. A 15. C
Section B
16. D 17. D 18. C 19. B 20. D 21. D 22. B 23. D 24.
B 25. C
Section C
26. decorated 27. ancestors 28. utility 29. barks
30. extremely 31. aid 32. Companionship 33. relieves
34. Having a companion, even if it is only an animal, gives us a
feeling of warmth and an interest in
something else beyond ourselves
35. pets do not demand of us that we should talk when we wish to
remain silent
36. the pets cannot answer back and engage themin argument
Part II V ocabulary
Section A
1. B
2. C
3. D
4. A
5. A
6. B
7. C
8. D 9. D 10. C
Section B
1. head off
2. in every aspect
3. range in age
4. kept on hand
5. beyond question
6.
be blessed with
7. at the fundamental level 8. in full consciousness 9. have thriven on
10. bring forward
Section C
Step 1
1. f
2. a
3. d
4. b
5. c
6. e194 Keys
Step 2
1. got through
2. turn away
3. get by
4. turn out
5. turn up
6. get across
Part III Structure
Section A
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. A
5. D
6. B
7. C
8. A 9. A 10. A
Section B
1. B (had come)
2. D (more than)
3. C (how)
4. B (are trained)
5. A (were)
6. B (are kept)
7. B (inspiring)
8. D (being)
9. C (that)
10. C (have)
Part IV Translation
Section A
1. 废除对动物的剥削在今天看来也许十分激进，但是20世纪、21世纪标志性的人权进步对我们的祖先来说其
激进程度也许更大。
2. 今天，我们必须以开放的胸襟追求真理，并充分认识到未来永远属于那些富有勇气和远见、敢于挑战现有
智慧的人。
3. 有人说，动物不具有拥有权力的资格，因为它们没有像我们人类所具有的智力、情感、道德观念，不能接
受社会成员所应承担的责任。
4. 对于这些人，我们公正地承认，他们应该得到的保护不应更少而应更多。我们不是要剥夺他们的权利，而
是要加强他们的权利。
5. 归根结底，动物权利威胁到了一些人的自由，使他们不能任意地使用动物，或以动物来达成他们各自的目
的。
Section B
1. but the existence of their interests is beyond question.
2. at the expense of the privileges o f the rich and the powerful
3. To apply opposite principles t o non-human
4. the time is right to bring this argument forward
5. by promoting the use of renewable energy resources such as wind
and solar p ower
Part V Reading Comprehension
Passage 1
1. H
2. A
3. E
4. B
5. J
6. F
7. C
8. I
9. D 10.
GKeys 195
Passage 2
1. C
2. B
3. C
4. A
5. D
Passage 3
1. Y
2. N
3. NG 4 Y
5. hand-fed with milk-replacement formula
6. over 800 requests
Part VI Cloze
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. D
5. C
6. B
7. A
8. A
9.
D 10. C
UNIT7
Part I Listening Activities
Section A
1. D
2. D
3. A
4. B
5. C
6. D
7. B
8. C
9. B 10.
B
11. C 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D
Section B
16. D 17. B 18. C 19. C 20. B 21. D 22. B 23. A 24. D 25.
A
Section C
26. special 27. categories 28. association 29. handling
30. established 31. including 32. impartial 33. numerous
34. obtain legal i ncome on the premise that it was fair and square
35. a variety of administrative efforts and hundreds of consumer associations
36. better products for consumption at home and abroad
Part II V ocabulary
Section A
1. B
2. D
3. D
4. C
5. B
6. C
7. A
8. B
9. B 10.
D
Section B
1. on the increase
2. haggle over
3.
the long and the short of it
4. indulge in
5. go overboard
6. resist the
temptation
7. on the spot 8. in really handy 9. tends to
10. on impulse196 Keys
Section C
Step 1:
1. c
2. e
3. f
4. b
5. a
6.d
Step 2:
1. go overboard
2. holding forth
3. go into
4. hold out
5. go through
6. hold off
Part III Structure
Section A
1. B
2. D
3. A
4. D
5. D
6. A
7. C
8. B
9. D 10.
D
Section B
1. D (include)
2. B (allowing)
3. C (their)
4. C (making)
5. D (his)
6. C (it uses)
7. D (should be 或去掉must)
8. A (the most e ffective)
9. C (replace)
10. C (subjected)
Part IV Translation
Section A
1. 当然，基尔曼小姐受过不公平的待遇；人们应当体谅到这一点，并且理查德说她很能干，极具历史观。
2. 皮姆小姐曾得到她的恩惠，因而觉得她心肠好；确实，好多年以前，她就是个好人，非常和善，可是今年
她见老了。
3. 邦德街使她着迷，旺季中的邦德街清晨吸引着她：街上旗帜飘扬，两旁商店林立，毫无俗气的炫耀。
4. 叔叔威廉以前常说，要知道一个女人的人品，只须看她穿什么鞋，戴什么手套。大
战中期的一个早上，他
在床上寿终正寝。
5. 基尔曼小姐年复一年总穿着那件衣服；她身上淌满汗水；只要她在房里待上五分钟，就会让你感到自己的
低贱和她的优越。
Section B
1. stand astride us
2. smiling apologetically
3. in private inflicted positive torture
4. breathed i n the earthy garden sweet smell
5. let flow over her and surmount that monster
Part V Reading Comprehension
Passage 1
1. F
2. D
3. G
4. H
5. B
6. I
7. A
8. C
9. J 10.
EKeys 197
Passage 2
1. D
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. D
Passage 3
1. T
2. F
3. T
4. T
5. achieve global awareness
6. take action
Part VI Cloze
1. C
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. B
6. A
7. C
8. D
9. C 10.
B
UNIT8
Part I Listening Activities
Section A
1. C
2. A
3. A
4. B
5. B
6. B
7. B
8. C
9. B
10. C
11. B 12. C 13. B 14. B 15. D
Section B
16. B 17. D 18. C 19. B 20. B 21. C 22. B 23. B 24.
C 25. D
Section C
26. guided 27. stuck 28. pregnancies 29. abuse
30. fights 31. shaping 32. hesitate 33. rather
34. it may be better for parents to open u p and teach their teens
how to make the right dating decisions
35. After all, we know much more about dating than the teens, so why shouldn't we teach them what w e
know
36. and h elp these teens understand the truth, the myths, and the
hidden risks involved in the process of
dating
Part II V ocabulary
Section A
1. D
2. C
3. B
4. C
5. A
6. B
7. C
8. D
9. C
10. D
Section B
1. care for
2. break with
3. In the long run
4. let go
5.
give rise to
6. end up
7. according t o
8. due to
9. attend to 10.
at odds198 Keys
Section C
Step 1
1. d
2. f
3. e
4. a
5. b
6. c
Step 2
1. work on
2. take in
3. take over
4. work
out 5. work off 6. take on
Part III Structure
Section A
1. C
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. B
6. C
7. D
8. C
9. B 10.
A
Section B
1. A (one-third)
2. C (has been)
3. C (having)
4. C (that)
5. D (characterized)
6. D (expressing)
7. C (to help)
8. D (not arrange)
9. C (who)
10. D (even if)
Part IV Translation
Section A
1. 这种来自于朋友和亲属的警告，以及媒体给青少年所塑造的不负责任、充满反抗精神的麻烦制造者形象，
使得家长们预料到孩子进入青春期后自己将会面临种种麻烦。
2. 如果家长能预料到自己会遇到什么情况，并且乐于在思维方式和行动方面做些调整的话，家长和青少年子
女是能够或多或少地和谐共处的。
3. 当青少年在憧憬未来的日子和机遇时，父母却在考虑自己的余生和日渐减少的机遇。
4. 有一些非暴力的方式可以发泄愤怒：在自己的房间里使劲跺脚、重击枕头、用力拧毛巾、大哭、倾诉、写
日记或从事某种形式的体育锻炼。
5. 青少年经常喜欢诱惑父母上钩，父母一旦行为过激就会被卷入毫无意义的争论的破坏性模式中。
Section B
1. adjust to the loss of children security
2. propensity for sullen silence and rejection
3. the instability in the relationship
4. condone violence as a way of solving problems
5. sounding off about your teen’s behavior
Part V Reading Comprehension
Passage 1
1. G
2. F
3. C
4. I
5. D
6. B
7. H
8. J
9. E 10.
AKeys 199
Passage 2
1. C
2. B
3. B
4. C
5. D
Passage 3
1. N
2. Y
3. Y
4. NG
5. women's employment and their earning power relative to that of men
6. the sheer economic efficiencyof marriage
Part VI Cloze
1. C
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. D
6. B
7. C
8. B
9. D 10.
A
UNIT9
Part I Listening Activities
Section A
1. B
2. B
3. D
4. C
5. D
6. A
7. B
8. C
9. C
10. B
11. D 12. C 13. D 14. C 15. A
Section B
16. C 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. B 21. D 22. C 23. B 24. A
25. C
Section C
26. capability 27. employees
28. relaxation 29. worthwhile
30. accomplished 31. consolidated 32. According
33. construction
34. evaluated the risks both in terms of technical and social aspects
before contracting to the mission
35. the remaining 10 percent chance of unpredictable delays due to
circumstances such as weather
36. forced the builder to destroy part of the semi-finished shelter due to
water damage
Part II V ocabulary
Section A
1. C
2. B
3. B
4. C
5. A
6. C
7. B
8. D
9. C 10.
D
Section B
1. turn out to be
2. date back to
3. knock out
4. led up
to 5. wake up
6. in point
7. play down
8. be consistentwith
9. remind ... of 10. depend on
Section C
Step 1
1. e
2. a
3. b
4. f
5. c
6. d 200 Keys
Step 2
1. played a trick on
2. play down
3. knock out
4. knock down
5. knock off
6. played it safe
Part III Structure
Section A
1. D
2. D
3. D
4. A
5. A
6. A
7. B
8. A
9. D 10.
A
Section B
1. D (living)
2. D (to eat)
3. B (no)
4. C (shows)
5. A (been said)
6. C (have been)
7. C (are)
8. A (Myths)
9. A (had meant)
10. B (disabuse)
Part IV Translation
Section A
1. 一些小的带状伤口从肩膀延伸至小腿，符合《圣经》中对耶稣遭受鞭打折磨的记载。
2. 这一事实使多数专家断定裹尸布或者是真实的，或者被有意设计成貌似真实的。
3. 检验预测出裹尸布最多只有700年的历史，这将它的起源定位于14世纪。因此它存在的年代太近，不可能
成为耶稣的裹尸布。
4. 另人遗憾的是，在与基督教相关的争论中，当不严谨的观察者面对相对立的观点时，他倾向于接受非基督
教的观点，因为他相信非基督教观点受宗教的影响小，因此更具科学性。
5. 这一发现的消息公之于众后，一些学者力图贬低基督教信仰的史实性，他们甚至在没有看到骨灰盒之前就
宣称盒子是个骗局。
Section B
1. inflicted on Jesus shortly after His death
2. consider both of these arguments moot
3. there exists a scientific stalemate concerning the shroud
4. inscribed with the following message in Aramaic
5. tiedmuch of their faith to its authenticity
Part V Reading Comprehension
Passage 1
1. G
2. D
3. A
4. B
5. I
6. C
7. E
8. F
9. J 10.
H
Passage 2
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. D
5. BKeys 201
Passage 3
1. N
2. Y
3. N
4. Y
5. well founded
6. conspiracy theories and innuendos only
Part VI Cloze
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. A
5. B
6. D
7. A
8. B
9. B
10. A
UNIT10
Part I Listening Activities
Section A
1. B
2. D
3. A
4. D
5. B
6. C
7. D
8.
B 9. A 10. D
11. B 12. A 13. C 14. C 15. D
Section B
16. B 17. D 18. C 19. C 20. A 21. D 22. A 23. D 24.
D 25. A
Section C
26. poll 27. questioned 28. priority 29. career
30. conducted 31. unites 32. surprisingly 33. minorities
34. The survey also revealed that a disproportionate number of people
35. with younger people putting value on it but hardly any seniors
36. be rich to lead a very comfortable and fulfilling life
Part II V ocabulary
Section A
1. D
2. B
3. C
4. B
5. B
6. C
7. D
8. B
9. C 10.
D
Section B
1. meditate on
2. catch up on
3. be conscious o f
4. contribute to
5. kept busy with
6. keep in touch
7. aimat
8. be composed of
9. work out 10. dwell upon
Section C
Step 1
1. c
2. a
3. b
4. d
5. d
6. e
Step 2
1. had, at his fingertips
2. catch up on
3. have my hands full
202 Keys
4. catch on
5. catch their breath
6. has an effect
on
Part III Structure
Section A
1. B
2. A
3. B
4. A
5. A
6. D
7. D
8. A
9. C
10. A
Section B
1. C (are)
2. D (limited)
3. A (hour)
4. B (doing)
5. D (camping)
6. B (prefer)
7. D (concerned)
8. D (responsibilities)
9. A (in how)
10. C (more difficult)
Part IV Translation
Section A
1. 然而有时我们什么也不能做，真的无能为力：譬如困在车海中；候诊，候机，候车；或是又老又病，卧床
等死。
2. 信任是必要的，因为只有相信事情会朝着好的方向发展并相信事件、情况、事情和形势都会有利于我们
时，我们才可能张开双臂去迎接这些事物而无需总担心它们是陷阱。
3. 而另一方面，如果我们把休闲的时间、扩充内心的时间看作是在最忙碌的时刻也能得到的东西，那么只要
我们花时间，不管多么忙碌我们都会找出时间。
4. 另一件必需学会的积极的事就是找到上帝为我们准备的盛宴，在最不可能的地点、在似乎因无尽的等待、
浪费时间而紧张或受挫的时候找到盛宴。
5. 这就是我们的目标所在，如德日进所言，得到“最深的领悟：从揉面团的手到奉献它的人，伟大的、全能
的主应该以崇拜的精神去做准备和劳作。”
Section B
1. a heartthat only releases blood
2. the right balance between give and take
3. working with an inner attitude of celebration
4. mediate on a tree for a half an hour
5. enter into the sacrifice of Christ
Part V Reading Comprehension
Passage 1
1. F
2. A
3. D
4. C
5. E
6. H
7. B
8. J
9. G 10.
I
Passage 2
1. A
2. C
3. D
4. B
5. AKeys 203
Passage 3
1. N
2. Y
3. NG
4. N
5. stop, drop and roll
6. sunlight shining through glass
Part VI Cloze
1. D
2. C
3. B
4. C
5. A
6. C
7. B
8. D
9. A 10.
B
Reading comprehension 1略 2 BDCAC AADBB Vocabulary 1. 1) A. entertaining B. entertainment C. entertained D. entertainer 2) A. recognizable B. recognized C. recognition 3) A. tempting B. temptation C. tempt 4) A. reasoned B. reasoning C. reasonable D. reason 5) A. analyzed B. analytical C. analyst D. analysis 6) A. valuable B. valuation C. valued/values D. values 7) A. humorist B. humor C. humorous D. humorless 8) A. understandable B. understanding C. understand D. misunderstood 2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority 4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice 7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction 10) a sense of urgency 3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments 4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement 7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint 9) to be the focus/center of attention 10) we buy our tickets in advance 4. 1）certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed 7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice 13) directly 14) followed 15) trouble Unit 2 便笺的力量 Reading comprehension 1略 2 FFTFTFTFTTFTFT Vocabulary 1. Creating Compound Words
Unit 4 Fresh Start In-Class Reading Fresh Start 新的开端 1当我父母开车离去，留下我可怜巴巴地站在停车场上时，我开始寻思我在校园里该做什么。我决定我最想做的就是平安无事地回到宿舍。我感到似乎校园里的每个人都在看着我。我打定主意：竖起耳朵，闭上嘴巴，但愿别人不知道我是新生。 2第二天早上我找到了上第一堂课的教室，大步走了进去。然而，进了教室，我又碰到了一个难题。坐哪儿呢？犹豫再三，我挑了第一排边上的一个座位。3“欢迎你们来听生物101 课，”教授开始上课。天哪，我还以为这里是文学课呢！我的脖子后面直冒冷汗，摸出课程表核对了一下教室——我走对了教室，却走错了教学楼。 4怎么办？上课途中就站起来走出去？教授会不会生气？大家肯定会盯着我看。算了吧。我还是稳坐在座位上，尽量使自己看起来和生物专业的学生一样认真。 5下了课我觉得有点饿，便赶忙去自助食堂。我往托盘里放了些三明治就朝座位走去，就在这时，我无意中踩到了一大滩番茄酱。手中的托盘倾斜了，我失去了平衡。就在我屁股着地的刹那间，我看见自己整个人生在眼前一闪而过，然后终止在大学上课的第一天。 6摔倒后的几秒钟里，我想要是没有人看见我刚才的窘相该有多好啊。但是，食堂里所有的学生都站了起来，鼓掌欢呼，我知道他们不仅看见了刚才的情景，而且下决心要我永远都不会忘掉这一幕。 7接下来的三天里，我独自品尝羞辱，用以果腹的也只是些从宿舍外的售货机上买来的垃圾食品。到了第四天，我感到自己极需补充一些真正意义上的食物。也许三天时间已经足以让校园里的人把我忘在脑后了。于是我去了食堂。 8我好不容易排队取了食物，踮脚走到一张桌子前坐下。突然我听到一阵熟悉的“哗啦”跌倒声。抬头看见一个可怜的家伙遭遇了和我一样的命运。当人们开始像对待我那样鼓掌欢呼的时候，我对他满怀同情。他站起身，咧嘴大笑，双手紧握高举在头顶上，做出胜利的姿势。我料想他会像我一样溜出食堂，可他却转身重新盛一盘食物。就在那一刻，我意识到我把自己看得太重了。
Part 1 Listening 1 Ex1: C A D C B Ex2: 1) approaching 2) left 3) toilet 4) locked 5) Tickets please 6) pushed 7) stamped Scripts: Two Belgians and two Dutchmen traveled regularly to work on the same train. After a while the Dutchmen saw that the two Belgians only had one ticket between them and asked how they managed to achieve this. The Belgians explained that when they heard the conductor approaching from the other end of the carriage, the two of them left their seats, went into the toilet and locked the door. When the conductor knocked on the toilet door, saying, "Tickets, please!", they pushed one ticket under the door. It was then stamped and pushed back under the door again. The Dutchmen thought this was a very good idea and the following morning bought one ticket between them. When they got to their carriage there was only one Belgian. They told him what they had done and asked the Belgian if he had a ticket as he was traveling on his own. The Belgian said he did not have a ticket at all and when they asked how he proposed to manage to travel free of charge, he told them they would have to wait and see until the conductor arrived, but he had no doubt that he would manage it without difficulty. As soon as they heard the conductor coming, the two Dutchmen immediately went to the toilet and locked the door. A few moments later, the Belgian followed them down the corridor and knocked on the toilet door, saying, "Tickets, please!" One ticket appeared under the door. Questions: 1. Where did the story take place 2. What did the two Dutchmen want to know from the two Belgians 3. How did the Dutchmen feel about the Belgians' behavior 4. What did the Belgian do when asked if he had a ticket 5. Who finally managed to travel free of charge Listening 2 Ex1: 1 department store 2. attend college 3. difficult 4. physical education 5. terrified Ex2: FTTFT Scripts: My name is Atsuko Saeki. I work as a salesclerk in a big department store in Fuji, Japan. Six years ago when I was 21 years old, I went to California to attend college. Life in the United States was much more difficult than I had ever imagined. It wasn't like the descriptions I had read in my textbooks. People often seemed tense and so I felt very alone. One of my hardest classes was physical education. We often played volleyball. All the other students were good at it, but I clearly wasn't. One afternoon, the teacher asked me to hit the ball to my classmates. For most people, this would be easy but I was terrified that I would make a fool of myself. When one of the boys on my team saw how nervous I was, he walked up to me and whispered, "Come on, you can do that." You can't imagine how those words of encouragement made me feel. I was so happy that I almost cried. I managed to hit the ball and I think I thanked the young man, but I'm not sure. I have never forgotten his kind words of encouragement. He probably doesn't even remember what he said to me or how much his kindness meant to me. Whenever things aren't going well, I think of those simple words of encouragement: Come on, you can do that.
1. Complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate form of the word in brackets. 1. (attention) Correct answer inattention 2. (qualify) Correct answer qualified Correct answer Navigation 4. Correct answer participants 5. Correct answer unconscious 6. Correct answer competence 7. Correct answer inequalities 8. morning. (request) Correct answer
requested 9. Correct answer varied 10. Correct answer partners 2. Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate preposition or adverb. 11. Correct answer in 12. Correct answer of 13. Correct answer to 14. accident. Correct answer at 15. Correct answer beyond 16.
Your answer Correct answer from from 17. Your answer Correct answer to to 18. Your answer Correct answer on on 19. Your answer Correct answer in in Your answer Correct answer On On 3. Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the best answer from the choices given. 21. The buses, ___________ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. A. most of which B. both of which C. few of them D. those of which 22. There's only one man ____________ the job. A. qualified for
人教版英语精品资料（精修版） Unit 4 综合技能训练 时间：90分钟，满分：100分 Ⅰ.单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 从A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1．Because of the dry weather, fires ________ in many places recently. A．have broken away B．have broken down C．have broken out D．have broken in 答案：C句意：由于天气干燥，近来很多地方发生了火灾。break away“逃走；逃脱”；break down“破坏；拆散”；break out“战争，火灾等突然爆发”；break in“闯入；强行进入”。结合句意选C。 2．________ made her surprised was ________ she received a bunch of flowers for no good reason yesterday. A．That; how B．What; that C．What; what D．That; that 答案：B句意：让她吃惊的是昨天她莫名其妙地收到了一束花。what引导主语从句，并在从句中充当主语；that引导表语从句，在从句中并不充当成分。 3．After water which is ________ to life appeared on the earth, life began to develop. A．interesting B．funny C．fundamental D．fond 答案：C句意：生命存在的基本要素——水，在地球上出现之后，生命开始发展。be fundamental to对……是基本的。 4．Once, there, in the small village, ________ a big tree dating back to 100 years ago. But now it has gone. A．happened B．came C．seemed D．stood 答案：D句意：在这个小村庄里曾经有一棵一百多年的大树。但是现在不见了。happen“发生”；come“来”；seem似乎；stand“站，矗立”。 5．(2014·西安高一检测)—Why not buy the car since you show so much interest in it? —But I am not able to buy ________. A．so a big car B．such big a car
新编大学英语4（浙大版）课后习题答案共同学们欣赏嘎嘎 编辑 | 删除 | 权限设置 | 更多▼ 更多▲ ?设置置顶 ?推荐日志 ?转为私密日志 转载自W～XなK¤转载于2010年03月15日 11:55 阅读(0) 评论(0) 分类：移花接木权限: 公开 Unit1 1. 1) A entertaining B entertainment C entertained D entertainer 2) A recognizable B recognized C recognition D 3) A tempting B temptation C tempt 4) A reasoned B reasoning C reasonable D reason 5) A analyzed B analytical C analyst D analysis 6) A valuable B valuation C valued/values D values 7) A humorist B humor C humorous D humorless 8) A understandable B understanding C understand D misunderstood 2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority 4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice 7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction 10) a sense of urgency 3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments 4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement
Unit 1 Personal Relationship In-Class Reading The Gift of Life 以生命相赠 1 炸弹落在了这个小村庄里。在可怕的越南战争期间，谁也不知道这些炸弹要轰炸什么目标，而它们却落在了一所由传教士办的小孤儿院内。 2 传教士和一两个孩子已经丧生，还有几个孩子受了伤，其中有一个小女孩，8岁左右，双腿被炸伤了。 3 几小时后，医疗救援小组到了。医疗小组由一名年轻的美国海军医生和一名同样年轻的海军护士组成。他们很快发现有个小女孩伤势严重。显然，如果不立即采取行动，她就会因失血过多和休克而死亡。 4 他们明白必须给小女孩输血，但是他们的医药用品很有限，没有血浆，因此需要匹配的血型。快速的血型测定显示两名美国人的血型都不合适。而几个没有受伤的孤儿却有匹配的血型。 5 医生会讲一点越南语，护士会讲一点法语，但只有中学的法语水平。孩子们不会说英语，只会说一点法语。医生和护士用少得可怜的一点共同语言，结合大量的手势，努力向这些受惊吓的孩子们解释说，除非他们能输一些血给自己的小伙伴，否则她将必死无疑。然后他们问孩子们是否有人愿意献血来救小女孩。 6 对医生和护士的请求，孩子们瞪大眼睛，一声不吭。此时小病人生命垂危。然而，只有这些受惊吓的孩子中有人自愿献血，他们才能够得到血。过了好一会儿，一只小手慢慢地举了起来，然后垂了下去，一会儿又举了起来。 7 “噢，谢谢，”护士用法语说。“你叫什么名字？” 8 “兴，”小男孩回答道。 9 兴很快被抱到一张床上，手臂用酒精消毒后，针就扎了进去。在整个过程中，兴僵直地躺着，没有出声。 10 过了一会儿，他发出了一声长长的抽泣，但立即用那只可以活动的手捂住了自己的脸。 11 “兴，疼吗？”医生问。 12 兴默默地摇了摇头，但一会儿忍不住又抽泣起来，并又一次试图掩饰自己的哭声。医生又问是不是插在手臂上的针弄疼了他，兴还是摇了摇头。 13 但现在，偶尔的抽泣变成了持续无声的哭泣。他紧紧地闭着眼睛，用拳头堵住嘴，想竭力忍住哭泣。 14 医疗小组此时非常担忧，因为针不会使他们的小输血者一直感到疼痛。一定是哪里出了问题。恰好这时，一名越南护士前来帮忙。看到小男孩在哭，她用越南话很快地问他原因。听了小男孩的回答后，又立即作了回答。护士一边说，一边俯身轻轻拍着小男孩的头，她的声音亲切柔和。 15 一会儿，小男孩不再哭了，他睁开眼睛，用质疑的目光看着越南护士。护士点了点头，小男孩的脸上马上露出了宽慰的神色。 16 越南护士抬起头平静地对两名美国人说: “他以为自己快死了。他误解了你们。以为你们要他献出所有的血，小女孩才能活下来。” 17 “那他为什么还愿意这么做呢?”海军护士问。 18 越南护士把这个问题向小男孩重复了一遍。小男孩简单地回答道: “她是我的朋友。” 19 他为了朋友甘愿献出自己的生命，没有比这更伟大的爱了。
Unit 4 综合技能训练 时间：90分钟，满分：100分 Ⅰ.单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 从A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1．Because of the dry weather, fires ________ in many places recently. A．have broken away B．have broken down C．have broken out D．have broken in 答案：C句意：由于天气干燥，近来很多地方发生了火灾。break away“逃走；逃脱”；break down“破坏；拆散”；break out“战争，火灾等突然爆发”；break in“闯入；强行进入”。结合句意选C。 2．________ made her surprised was ________ she received a bunch of flowers for no good reason yesterday. A．That; how B．What; that C．What; what D．That; that 答案：B句意：让她吃惊的是昨天她莫名其妙地收到了一束花。what引导主语从句，并在从句中充当主语；that引导表语从句，在从句中并不充当成分。 3．After water which is ________ to life appeared on the earth, life began to develop. A．interesting B．funny C．fundamental D．fond 答案：C句意：生命存在的基本要素——水，在地球上出现之后，生命开始发展。be fundamental to对……是基本的。 4．Once, there, in the small village, ________ a big tree dating back to 100 years ago. But now it has gone. A．happened B．came C．seemed D．stood 答案：D句意：在这个小村庄里曾经有一棵一百多年的大树。但是现在不见了。happen“发生”；come“来”；seem似乎；stand“站，矗立”。 5．(2014·西安高一检测)—Why not buy the car since you show so much interest in it? —But I am not able to buy ________. A．so a big car B．such big a car C．so big a car D．such big car
Teaching Planning College English Integrated Course Book Three Unit Two The Freedom Givers Zhong wen 1.Background Information Teacher: zhong wen Students: 56 sophomores Content of the textbook: unit-2 text A the Freedom Givers Textbook: foreign language teaching and research press Time duration：10 minutes 2.Textbook Analysis The author tells three stories about the Underground Railroad and early Black civil rights movement. The three stories are chosen because they are representative of all participants in this movement: John Parke r is a freed slave who later turned into a courageous “conductor”; Levi Coffin is a brave white “conductor”; Josiah Henson is a slave who struggled his way to freedom with the help of the Underground Railroad. We learn about the name of Josiah Henson at the beginning of the text, yet his full story is not told until the last part. In this way the author achieves coherence of text. 3.Students Analysis The class is made up of 56 students, with 30 girls and 26 boys ,who have a good knowledge of Basic English, but know very little about the American culture behind the language. So in this introduction part, It is necessary to introduce some background information to the students before reading 4.Teaching Objectives Students will be able to: 1.understand the main idea(early civil-rights struggles in the US, esp. the underground Railroad) 2.grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the text, 3.conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit 4.Appreciate the various techniques employed by the writer (comparison and contrast, topic sentence followed by detail sentences, use of transitional devices,etc.); 5.Teaching Procedures: Greetings Step 1 Lead-in T: Today we are going to talk about the ethic heroes in American history, before the class, I’d like to introduce the slavery to all of you. T: Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States, during his term of office; he led the civil war and abolished the slavery. T: In the battle against slavery, not only did the president try his best to abolish this system, but also the people, especially the black people living in the South America try hard to fight for their own feat. Today, we will introduce some freedom givers in the American history. Before
课内阅读参考译文及课后习题答案(Book 4) Unit 1 享受幽默—什么东西令人开怀？ 1 听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心，古今中外都一样。这一现象或许同语言本身一样悠久。那么，到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑的呢？ 2 我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人，因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。这些学生文化差异很大，有来自拉丁美洲的，也有来自中国的。我还认真地思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。 3 为什么听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢？显然，有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。而且，我们也发现有的人很善于讲笑话，而有的人要想说一点有趣的事却要费好大的劲。我们都听人说过这样的话：―我喜欢笑话，但我讲不好，也总是记不住。‖有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更具有音乐、数学之类的才能一样。一个真正风趣的人在任何场合都有笑话可讲，而且讲了一个笑话，就会从他记忆里引出一连串的笑话。一个缺乏幽默感的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的人。一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱，而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点。这么说是有道理的。 4 甚至有些动物也具有幽默感。我岳母从前经常来我们家，并能住上很长一段时间。通常她不喜欢狗，但却很喜欢布利茨恩—我们养过的一条拉布拉多母猎犬。而且，她们的这种喜欢是相互的。布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母，当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时，布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室，并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去，一直逗到外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。外祖母从椅子上一起来，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑，无疑是在说：―啊哈，你又上了我的当。‖ 5 典型的笑话或幽默故事由明显的三部分构成。第一部分是铺垫（即背景），接下来是主干部分（即故事情节），随后便是妙语（即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾）。如果这个妙语含有一定的幽默成分，这个笑话便会很有趣。通常笑话都包含这三部分，而且每部分都必须交代清楚。如果讲故事或说笑话的人使用听众都熟悉的手势和语言，则有助于增强效果。 6 我们可以对幽默这种娱乐形式，进行分析，从而发现究竟是什么使一个有趣的故事或笑话令人发笑。举例来说，最常见的幽默有以下几种，包括了从最显而易见的幽默到比较微妙含蓄的幽默。 7 ―滑稽剧‖是最明显的幽默。它语言简单、直截了当，常常以取笑他人为乐。说笑打闹这种形式过去是、现在仍然是滑稽说笑演员和小丑的惯用技巧。它为不同年龄、不同文化背景的人们所喜爱。几乎本世纪的每个讲英语的滑稽说笑演员都曾以这样或那样的方式说过下面这则笑话。一位男士问另一位男士：―昨晚我看到的那位和你在一起的贵妇是谁？‖那位男士回答道：―那可不是什么贵妇，那是我老婆。‖这个笑话的幽默之处在于第二位男士说他的妻子不是一位贵妇，也就是说她不是一个高雅的女人。这个笑话并没有因为经常讲而变得不再那么好笑。由于这是一个经典笑话，观众都知道要说什么，而且因为大家对这个笑话很熟悉而更加珍爱它。 8 中国的相声是一种特殊的滑稽剧。相声中两名中国喜剧演员幽默地谈论诸如官僚主义者、家庭问题或其他一些有关个人的话题。相声随处都能听到，无论是在乡村的小舞台上，还是在北京最大的剧院里，抑或在广播、电视上。它显然是中国人家喻户晓的一种传统的幽默形式。 9 ―俏皮话‖不像滑稽剧那样浅显，它是因语言的误用或误解而引人发笑。我特别喜欢的一个例子是三位年长的绅士在英国乘火车旅行的故事。当火车慢慢停下来时，第一位绅士问道：―这是Wembley (温布利)吗？‖―不，‖第二位绅士说：―是Thursday (星期四)。‖―我也是，‖第三位说道，―让我们下车喝杯啤酒吧。‖我们知道上了年纪的人往往耳背，因此会把Wembley（温布利）听成了Wednesday（星期三），把Thursday（星期四）听成了thirsty（渴了），这样一来就为第三位老人的妙语做好了铺垫。 10 著名的中国漫画家和幽默家丁聪便是一位俏 皮话大师。在他的一幅幽默漫画中，一位老师说： ―你为什么一字不改地抄别人的作业？‖那位年轻的 学生回答道：―我没有一字不改地抄。我把作业上的 名字改成自己的了。‖在丁聪的另一幅经典漫画里， 一位生气的父亲问道：―告诉我，1加2等于几？‖ 儿子说：―我不知道。‖这位不耐烦的父亲接着说道： ―比方说，你、你妈妈和我，我们加起来一共是几个， 傻瓜？‖儿子得意地回答道：―是三个傻瓜。‖ 这些 故事无论是漫画还是笑话，是由演滑稽剧的喜剧演 员说还是由搭档的相声演员讲，都为各地人们所喜 爱。人们喜爱这些有趣的故事，因为它们贴近现实 生活，而且里面那些出人意料的妙语十分有趣。 11 双关语是一种更微妙的俏皮话。它使用的技巧 是利用发音相似的词或同一个词的不同意思。有些 批评家认为双关语是最低级的幽默，但我不同意这 种观点。双关语与其他形式的幽默相比需要更细 微、更巧妙的语言技巧；然而，简单的双关语甚至 很小的孩子也能利用。例如，谜语或脑筋急转弯问 题常使用双关语做铺垫、制造故事情节，而且更多 地是用在妙语部分。双关语是我最早懂得的幽默。 记得大约在五岁时我听到了下面这个谜语。一个人 问：―什么东西整个儿是黑的、白的和红的？‖另外 一个人通常猜不出来，于是问道：―我不猜了。是什 么呀？‖出谜语的人回答：―是报纸。‖如果你知道在 英语中―red（红色）‖和―read（读）‖的读音一样但 意思完全不同，答案就很明显了。 12 DOUBLE ENTENDRES （法语中的―一语双 关‖）是双关语的特殊形式, 其中的词或短语有双重 意思。两个意思往往很不相同，一个比较恰当，另 一个往往比较粗俗—但并不总是这样。我喜欢那个 关于一位中学教师和校长因看见学生在学校操场 上接吻而感到担心的故事。故事并不过火。那位教 师对学生们说；―我和校长已经决定停止在学校操场 上接吻。‖听到笑声，她意识到她没有把意思表达清 楚，于是补充说：―我的意思是不能再在我们的鼻子 下面发生接吻这样的事了。‖当然，这个解释并没有 纠正她的第一句话，反而使这个笑话的双重含义变 得更加好笑。 13 一些专业的幽默家认为如今的幽默大多缺乏 智慧，不够巧妙。他们不喜欢在幽默中过多使用有 色情意味或粗俗的语言，而且觉得大多数幽默家缺 乏创造性。的确，现在有些幽默令人震惊，但我认 为这不是幽默的过错。幽默本身是活泼健康的，它 还会继续生存下去，只因为每天都有有趣的事情发 生。一些有幽默感的人会看到听到这些有趣的事 情，并把它们编成妙趣横生、令人开心的笑话和故 事。 V ocabulary 1. 1) A. entertaining B. entertainment C. entertained D. entertainer 2) A. recognizable B. recognized C. recognition 3) A. tempting B. temptation C. tempt 4) A. reasoned B. reasoning C. reasonable D. reason 5) A. analyzed B. analytical C. analyst D. analysis 6) A. valuable B. valuation C. valued/values D. values 7) A. humorist B. humor C. humorous D. humorless 8) A. understandable B. understanding C. understand D. misunderstood 2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority 4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice 7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction 10) a sense of urgency 3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments 4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement 7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint 9) to be the focus/center of attention 10) we buy our tickets in advance 4. 1）certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed 7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice 13) directly 14) followed 15) trouble Unit 2 便笺的力量 1 我当体育编辑，最早是为蒙比利埃（俄亥俄州） 的《企业导报》工作，当时我很少收到体育迷的来 信。因此，一天早晨放在我桌上的一封来信把我吸 引住了。 2 打开来信，我看到了下面的话：―关于老虎队的 述评很不错，再接再厉。‖签名的是体育编辑堂?沃 尔夫。当时我只是一个十几岁的小伙子（为每一竖 栏写一英寸文字，稿酬总计达15美分），因此他的 话最鼓舞人心了。我把这封信一直放在书桌的抽屉 里，后来它的边角都卷起来了。每当我怀疑自己不 是当作家的料时，重温一下堂的便笺，就又会树起 信心来。 3 后来，我逐渐对堂有所了解，知道给各行各业 的人写快捷而鼓舞人心的便笺是他养成的习惯。他 告诉我说：―当我使别人充满信心时，我也感觉好极 了。‖ 4 因此毫不奇怪，他的朋友圈子就像附近的伊利 湖那么大。去年他去世了，享年75岁。电话与悼 函像潮水般涌向报社，都来自于曾经得到过他激励 （文字）的人们。 5 多年来，我努力效仿堂以及我的其他朋友，他 们关心别人，常写一些鼓舞人心的话语，因为我觉 得，他们这样做是很有意义的。在这样一个惯于冷 漠、无动于衷的世界上，这种便笺给人们带来了温 暖和安慰。我们都时不时地需要鼓励，大家知道几 行赞扬的话会改变一个人的一天，甚至一生。 6 那么，这些激励人心的便笺的作者为什么寥若 晨星呢？我猜想很多人回避写，是因为他们太看重 人们的看法。他们担心会被误解，怕别人觉得他们 自作多情或者言不由衷。还有，写也要花时间，远 不如打电话方便。 7 当然打电话的缺点是：说过的话留不住。而一 张便笺使我们的良好意愿显得更加珍贵。便笺是白 纸黑字记录在案的东西，而且我们写下的字可以反 复阅读，细细品味并珍藏起来。 8 尽管写便笺会多花一些时间，但一些非常忙的 人也在这么做，其中包括乔治?布什。有人说，他政 治上的成功在很大程度上归功于他那枝随时准备 写字的笔。这是怎么回事呢？在他整个职业生涯 中，每次与人们接触之后，他几乎都随后写封信， 内容亲切——一句赞美之辞，一行表扬的话，或一 段感谢语。他不仅写给朋友和同事，还写给萍水相 逢的人以及完全陌生的人——比如那位借伞给他 的人，后来收到他热情的赞扬信，感到很惊讶。 9 那些通常做作的公司高层经理们，其领导作风 只能被形容为强硬、冷漠、脱离群众。甚至这些人 也开始学习写便笺去鼓舞人心，且从中获益匪浅。 唐纳德?彼得森，福特公司的前主席，把每天写便笺 鼓励同事当作一件日常工作。该公司在80年代时 走出低谷取得成功主要是他的功劳。―我只不过匆匆 地在备忘录或信的角上写一些鼓舞人心的话，然后 传递出去，‖他说道。―每天最重要的一段时间，就 是鼓舞那些为你工作的人的那10分钟。‖ 10 ―太多的时候，‖他发表自己的看法说，―那些 我们真正喜欢的人并不知道我们是怎么看待他们 的。太多的时候，我们会以为，我并没有说过什么 批评的话，为什么非得去说好话呢？我们忘了，人 类需要正面的肯定或鼓励——事实上，我们靠这个 取得进步，获得成功！‖ 11 怎样才能写出振奋精神、温暖人心的信呢？只 要我们怀有要表示感激之情的心愿。写这种便笺的 高手都具有我所谓的―４S‖技巧。 12 １）真诚(sincere)。没人要听虚假的赞美。 13 ２）简短(short)。如果不能用三句话表达出你 的意思，你很可能过火了，写得太长。 14 ３）具体(specific)。赞扬一位业务伙伴―演讲