考博通用考博写作
英语写作简介
六字方针：少出错，多出彩
camera
video
an increasing number of
digital products have gained increasing popularity
input 语言材料的输入
随着现代科技的发展，我们生活中出现了越来越多的数码产品。
With the development of the modern society, more and more digital tools have appeared in our life.
写作类型
一、阐述观点型
（一）对立观点型
1．Should College Students Be Allowed to Get Married?
（二）单一观点型
1．Imported Products
二、陈述利弊型
1．What Kind of Role Should Examination Play in Education?
三、解决问题型
1．Say No to Fake Medicine
四、谚语警句型
1．Haste Makes Waste
五、图表图画型
（一）图表题
2．Changes in the Ownership of Houses in China (a)
（二）图画题
1．On Supporting the Old
六、书信型
七、读后感型
1．The Goal of Life 八、文章摘要型
九、其他
写作基础—单词
balcony 包厢
背单词的四个方面
1、知道读音phenomenon 现象
2、知道词形：
不同词性，名词、动词、形容词farther further 3、知道词义
game observe
4、知道词的用法
attach 系隶属于attach importance to 重视练习at least 10
考博写作整体介绍
出题
1、教育科研
2、社会生活
3、人生哲理
形式：九类
一、阐述观点型
（一）对立观点型
（二）单一观点型
二、陈述利弊型
三、解决问题型
四、谚语警句型
五、图表图画型
六、书信型
七、读后感型
八、文章摘要型
九、其他
时间和字数
时间：30-40分钟
字数：200-300词
改卷
高分策略
1、字迹清楚，段落明朗
2、内容完整，紧扣提纲
3、首保正确，再求闪光
4、先总后分，连词用上（段落）
firstly first of all above all in the first place
二、关联词
1) 表示列举或次序：first, firstly, first of all, above all, to begin with，in the first place, for one thing; second, secondly, in the second place, for another; finally, last but not least
2）表示递进：besides,plus,moreover,furthermore,in addition,additionally,more important,most important
写作评分
写作评分实例
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 150 words and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
1．当今社会上存在着很多不诚实的现象。
2．诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实。
①In our modern social life, there are many examples around us show many people are cheated. Advertisements cheat people, salesmen cheat people, even one's closest friends cheat him or her. So many heartbreaks are heard everyday that we cannot help asking: where is our honest exist?
Everybody is taught honest in the primary school or even in the kindergarten. Honesty does good not only to ourselves, but to others as well. If we are honest to others. We will be happier and be in a better mood. Otherwise, we'll feel guilt at last. To a company and its advertisement, honesty will bring it more consumer and more profit. If we cheat others, friends will never believe you and they will leave you alone. To a company, no consumer will buy your product again.
So, as the above is said, it pays to be honest. Let's create a morally outstanding social.
②Although honesty is believed to be a virtue, there are still dishonest people in our society. For example, some businessmen sell fake products to their consumers; some students cheat in the exams.
③With the development of modern economic and industry, competitive is becoming more and more obvious. At the same time, the performance of dishonest is becoming more and more clearly.
Nowadays, there are many dishonest performance in our society. For example, some people found that he saled goods had past the preservation date. Not throw them away, they revised the perservation date, and saled them again after several days. Another case in the point, a pair of shoes was made from goat. However, in order to sale at a high price, the salers would say they were made from cow which has good quality.
第二部分写作常见错误分析
（二）动词形式错误
1．时态错误
Many people thought that the Internet will be more useful in the future.
3．单复数错误
1）Wise man catch opportunities rather than wait for them.
2）Someone are afraid that computer may control men in the future.
3）His brothers or he were to blame.
4）More than one question were asked.
5）Many a fine man have died in that battle.
单数可数名词通常不可单独存在，要么加限定词，要么变复数
电脑很有用。The computer is very useful.
（三）代词错误
1）As long as one works hard, you can learn English well.
2）Many people take a holiday to relax yourself.
3）A college student should be able to do their washing by themselves.
4）We can use computers do everything you like.
5）My this letter is about the position you advertised in the newspaper.
（四）冠词错误
1）Horse is an useful animal.
2）Every morning, many people do exercises in park and open ground.
3）The exam will be held in the December, 2004.
4）The ship is sailing on Pacific Ocean.
（五）词性错误
1）They are very patient to service us.
2）Before reading my letter, please accept my best wishes for your healthy.
3）If a person wants to success, he must learn to endure sufferings and setbacks.
4）I wish you can consider my suggests.
Everybody is taught honest in the primary school or even in the kindergarten. Honesty does good not only to ourselves, but to others as well. If we are honest to others. We will be happier and be in a better mood. Otherwise, we'll feel guilt at last. To a company and its advertisement, honesty will bring it more consumer and more profit. If we cheat others, friends will never believe you and they will leave you alone. To a company, no consumer will buy your product again.
②Although honesty is believed to be a virtue, there are still dishonest people in our society. For example, some businessmen sell fake product to their consumers; some students cheat in the exam s.
Dishonest people are short-sighted. Those who sell fake products may make money at first, but consumers won't buy their products any more. As a result, they will lose their fortune or even be sent to prison. By contrast, honest people gain a lot. Those who always tell truth or keep to their promise not only let others trust them but gain respect from other people as well. Such persons are sure to have a lot of good friends. Because they are trustable and respectable, everyone is eager to make friends with them. Besides, it is easier for a person with a good record to get a good job. Generally speaking, every employer wants his employees to be honest. So we can say that anyone who is honest will be paid back later.
高分策略
1、字迹清楚，段落明朗
2、内容完整，紧扣提纲
3、首保正确，再求闪光（用词造句准确多样）
4、先总后分，连词用上
从句：
主语从句
宾语从句
表语从句
定语从句
状语从句
同位语从句
第六部分英文句子写作练习
一、复合句
1．将下面每组中的两个句子合并，将其中一个改为主语从句。
1)They need more help in English.
That is quite obvious.
2)She is still alive.
That is good news.
3)She will come here.
It doesn't seem likely.
4)We are badly in need of something.
It is raw material.
3．将下面每组中的两个句子合并，将其中一个改为宾语从句，并且用it作形式宾语。
1)I was far more intelligent than he was.
I always took that for granted.
4．用“what”从句将下列句子补充完整。
1)Could you show me ______ (you, write)?
2)This is ______ (we, should always, keep in mind).
3)(they, see)______ in China made a deep impression on them.
4)We must not put off till tomorrow ______ (we, can, do, today).
The doctor thinks that is advisable.
5．将下面每组中的两个句子合并，将其中一个改为同位语从句。
1)He is growing old.
Nothing could hide the fact.
2)He works hard.
The fact does not necessarily mean that he is a competent leader.
3)I have a complacent feeling.
I feel that I'm highly intelligent.
4)He explained that he didn't see the notice.
The explanation is unsatisfactory.
6．将下面每组中的两个句子合并，将其中一个改为定语从句。
1)I have an arrangement with my bank.
By the arrangement they let me use their money and repay them next month.
2)He sent her a letter.
In the letter he said that he was sorry for what he had done to her.
3)Mr. Brown just came from Britain yesterday.
He will teach us accounting this term.
4)She is going to spend the winter holidays in Hainan.
She has some relatives there.
7．将下面每组中的两个句子合并，将其中一个改为状语从句。
(as long as, on condition that如果, lest, so...that, such...that, in case万一, as if仿佛, now that既然, whether...or, however无伦如何, )
1)You've bought a new car.
What are you going to do with the old one?
2)We'd better take the telescope with us.
Perhaps it is needed.
二、复杂的简单句
2．起伴随或补充说明作用的从句、简单句或并列谓语往往可以改写为“with+名词+分词／形容词／介词词组”的结构作状语。
1)They wear layers of clothes even in summer time. Newspapers are stuffed between the layers as further protection against bad weather.
2)If more people help them, they probably will be able to accomplish the task ahead of time.
3)As all his savings were gone, he started to look for a job.
5．两个句子的主语一致时，其中一个往往可以改写成分词结构作状语。
1)Every one of us had been convinced that the project was feasible by the time we left the meeting.
2)As Peter got home from the three-month-long journey to the Antarctic he looked tired out.
3)Teenagers are pressured by school work. They are also encouraged by their peers. Under such circumstances, they resort to smoking.
4)College students now are primarily interested in grades and economic success. They cheat on exams more frequently.
Primarily interested in grades and economic success, college students cheat on exams more frequently.
三、省略句
英语经常省略与上文相同的内容或虽无其词已有其意的内容。
四、倒装句
英语的句子在以下几种情况下可以倒装。
五、被动句
英语中被动句的使用远远多于汉语。以下几种情况英语都用被动语态：(1)不知道动作的执行者；(2)没有必要指出或不想指出动作的执行者；(3)虽然需要同时指出动作的执行者但更强调动作的承受者。
将下列句子改为被动形式。
1)All people believe that the Internet will play a more important role in the future.
It is universally believed that the Internet will play a more important role in the future.
We should take effective measures ... Effective measures should be taken ...
4）I heard the wind roar through the trees.
七、强调句
一、用词准确化
二、用词多样化
高分策略
用词如何准确、多样
高分策略
字迹清楚，段落明朗
内容完整，紧扣提纲
首保正确，再求闪光
先总后分，连词用上
语言简练，论据得当
写作常见错误
时态错误
单复数错误
改正错误方法
1.自己改
2.对译
写作用词练习
1．Choose the more precise of the two words in brackets and fill in the blank with your choice:
1）The President spoke on radio to the ______．（country强调地理, land文学, state 强调政治、政府政权, nation强调人民）
2）Is that ______ gentleman sitting on the bench your father? （old贬义, elderly中性）3）Your niece impressed me as sweet and ______．（childlike褒, childish贬）
4）People are serious and ______ in religious services．（respectable,
respectful）
5）She ______ to have lunch with her friend, saying that she wasn't feeling well．（refused, declined）
2．Complete the following sentences, using words given below in their proper forms come fall get go后接坏的变化grow run turn
1）Meat soon ___goes___ bad in hot weather．
8）The recorder isn't working properly. Something must have __gone____ wrong．10）When she heard of her daughter's sudden death, the poor old woman ____went__ mad．
11）Last night he __fell____ ill and ran a high fever．
四种搭配
1. 形容词+名词
a sharp increase 2. 动词+名词
achieve a goal
3. 动词+介词
provide sb with sth
deprive sb of sth
4. 动词+副词
expand dramatically/drastically
用词多样化
1）There have been big increases in the price of houses in the past three years．
4）I think it's a good idea to go to Hainan during the Spring Festival．
good: great/perfect/wonderful/terrific/fantastic/fabulous/marvelous
5）As a newborn information delivering system, the Internet has made a lot of information available at our finger's tip．
6）三小恶心many
big
good
7）四大恶心词汇
think :believe\hold\deem\ (argue\claim\assert\assume\contend\maintai用于三人称)
Cause:lead to\result in\bring about\contribute to\grive rise to\be responsible for
Important:essential\vital\critical\crucial\significant\of great importance
Necessary:essential\imperative\obligatory\urgent
句型如何多样
例文评分
④How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view．
Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. What's more, there are many bad books that
are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldn't read them. Since we can't read all the books and we shouldn't read bad books, we must read selectively．
But others may not agree. They emphasize that today's society is not what it was If one man has many kinds of knowledge he'll have more chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless, Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively．（14分）
⑤Some people think reading shall be choosed. Because some books are good to hummen beings and some books are harmful to people．
Some people think that men shoud read books widely. Because wide reading can help man get much knowledge. And man can use it to change the world. It is my point that reading must be selectively. Because reading is important to man. Some books can help man but some books can lead some people to crime. It can be seen in the newspapers and watched on TV. We can make full use of some good books and gain more useful knowledge. It can make our life more beauiful. We must give up those unhelpful books. They are not good to us. Reading them is wasting time and money. So reading selectively is an important part in reading．（8分）
②I think reading not only selectively but also extensively. Because the two sides are not contradict. Our time is limited. So we can not read every book in the world. However, we will not be interested in every book. We should read those books may be useful to ours, read those books which we like. But those books which we choose must be extensively so it can give ours all kinds of knowledge, news and so on, it also make ours become a wise man. On the one hand reading selectively let ours not waste our time which it is limitted. Moreover it can emphasis among all books that we can read. On the other hand reading extensively can deal with all kinds of need in our life. They are all useful to ours．（5分）
③Most people thought that read books should have been selectived. But others belived reading extentively was correction．
Selective books or reading extensively?
Sure, you can choice one from previous ideas,
on one hand, There are too book to read for us. We should choose those which we intrested, and it would be helpful for us．
on another hand. Someone's intresting was wide. Each book could bring you specific contain we couldn't reading at only one level．
I confirmed all of these ideas were good but weren't wise．
As a reader, the main task is to discover more and more books the second task is to held some which wonderful and helpful for us. Don't treat these books with rackless abandon．
The best technology of reading is connect．(2分)
①When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good way, but some other people do not agree with them, they think that reading extensively is better．
Those people, who think that reading selectively is better, believe that good books are as many as bad books. Those good books can give us pleasure and knowledge, while those bad books can only lead us to the wrong way. So, they suggest that we should only choose the good books to read and never touch the bad books．But, the other people, who hold that reading extensively is better, think that one kind of books can only give us one aspect of knowledge. Even the best book only contains one field of information. So, they can easily come to the conclusion that "to know more, to read more"．So they believe that reading extensively is better．（11分）
范文讲解
Should College Students Be Allowed to Get Married?
There is no denying the fact that it is a hotly debated topic today whether college students should be allowed to get married. As we know, the ban on college students getting married w as lifted some time ago. Yet people’s attitudes differ sharply on this issue. Some hold the positive view. They say that most college students are adults and that it is a basic right for those who have reached the appropriate ages to get married．（The ban on this means a severe violation of human rights.）
Besides, they argue that with their physical and emotional needs met, these students will be better motivated to study．（Forbidding them getting married would most possibly result in a series of social problems, such as illegal cohabiting and unmarried parents.）
Many others, however, hold the negative/opposite view. They claim that the university or college is a place to study instead of a community to lead a family
life. Allowing college students to get married would adversely affect their study. For instance, they would spend too much time attending their family and loves unable to concentrate on their school work. As a result, they may not be able to perform well academically or graduate on time．
As far as I am concerned, // Weighing the arguments of both sides, I believe that it is feasible to allow college students to get married. Anyway, this is their freedom. Actually, we don’t have to worry too much because facts have shown that most college students would choose not to get married in the face of such fierce competition and heavy school work．
（或As far as I am concerned, ∥Weighing the arguments of both sides, I believe that college students should not be allowed to get married. Though mostly adults, they are actually immature psychologically. Their wish to get married is, more often than not, an impulse. Besides, as students, they are not ready to support a family financially．
单一观点型
中国传媒大学2008年考博真题
Directions: Write a composition of about 250 words on "Online Sharing Culture"
Your composition is to include 3 paragraphs:
1) In the first paragraph, state your point of view.
2) In the second paragraph, support your view with appropriate details.
3) In the third paragraph, bring your composition to a natural conclusion.
No one can have failed to notice the fact that there has emerged a number of novel trends along with the development of the Internet, among which is the so-called onl ine sharing culture, which refers to the practice of displaying one’s or others’ private information on the Internet. What is revealed and shared in this way can include one’s salary, romance and other data that was considered personal and kept as secrets in the past. To this phenomenon, people’s views differ sharply. Some hold the positive view while others are strongly against it. Personally, I believe that this kind of culture has reasons to continue it existence, but it should be guided towards the right direction.
On the one hand, online sharing culture has some merits to its name. For one thing, it provides people with a precious way to be exposed to more information. Thanks to its feature of anonymity, the Internet allows people to convey and share much information that they dare not or too shy to communicate in other ways. For instance, you might risk being sacked or mocked if you disclose the list of your salary to your colleagues or acquaintances. But on line, no one knows if you are a man or a dog, as the saying goes. Secondly, online sharing culture can help solve many social problems and boost the development of the country. By revealing some dark sides of the society, online sharing can draw public attention to certain injustices and work as a supervisor over the authorities. On the other hand, online sharing may do harm.
On the whole, online sharing culture has its merits and drawbacks. However, one should not give up eating for fear of being choked. The best policy, as I see it, is to exert more supervision on the information on line and make sure that people are the best informed and their privacy is well protected in the meanwhile.
阐述观点型
对立观点型北大2005真题
一、对立观点型
2．（北京大学2005）
Directions: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below. And write the composition on the ANSWER SHEET.（15%）Topic: Is English Language Teaching Overemphasized in Chinese Education? 3．（武汉大学2003）
Directions: In this part, you are expected to write a composition entitled Looking Forward to the New Reform of College English in China in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outline.
1）有些人认为随着各种高水平电子课件的制作与引进，大学生基本上可以自学英语了。
2）有些人认为大学英语老师虽面临挑战，但不可或缺。
3）我对中国大学英语教学改革的看法与建议。
3．Looking Forward to the New Reform of College English in China
（1）
There is no denying the fact that the reform of college English teaching is a hotly debated topic today. People's attitudes differ sharply on this issue. Some hold that with the variety of advanced courseware introduced into English teaching, students can learn English by themselves. They can watch and listen to dialogues, read after the speaker, do exercises and check answers, or they can even talk to the computer. All this made some people believe that college English teachers can be done without.
Others, however, hold the opposite view. They claim that teachers, though confronted with challenges, are still indispensable in English teaching. In the first place, they can work as supervisors and directors for students in English study. In the second place, they can work as organizers in class in case of dialogues or discussions. Last but not least, some questions have to be explained personally, for computers solve every problem for students.
As far as I am concerned, I believe that teachers are necessary. But further reforms still should be carried out. For one thing, English should be arranged as an optional course instead of a required one. For another, competition should be introduced among the teachers and students should be allowed to choose the teacher they like the most.
（2）
There is no denying the fact that it is a hotly debated topic today whether English teachers be allowed to exist in college English teaching. （classroom）. To this people's attitudes differ sharply. Some hold the positive view. They claim that college students can study English by himseves by computer. Because information age take students various electronic 课件which are usual and interest. College student study English without teachers. Besides, they argue that traditional teaching means cannot satisfy request of college students.
Many others, however, hold the opposite view. They claim that although English teacher face to challenge, their functions are still important today. Traditional teaching methord has superiority. Whenever they always need teacher's care and guide in the prosess of English study.
Weighing the arguments mentioned above, I am inclined to agree with the latter point of view. I believe that college teacher can not be replaced. Though electronic 课件bring us many conveniences, it cannot achieve communication between teacher and student. Besides, college cannot refuse to use modem technological means. We had better connect the advantage of traditional teaching with the advantage of modern technology.
四、标点符号以及大小写错误
2）When entered this school, I was worried about the food here. Because the quality of food is directly related to our health.
2）When entered this school, I was worried about the food here, because the quality of food is directly related to our health.
单一观点型
二、单一观点型
1.（中国传媒大学2008）
Directions: Write a composition of about 250 words on “Online Sharing Culture”. Your composition is to include 3 paragraphs:
1) In the first paragraph, state your point of view.
2) In the second paragraph, support you view with appropriate details.
3) In the third paragraph, bring your composition to a natural conclusion.
1. Online Sharing Culture
No one can have failed to notice the fact that there has emerged a number of novel trends along with the development of the Internet, among which is the so-called online sharing culture, which refers to the practice of displaying one’s or others’ private information on the Internet. What is revealed and shared in this way can inc lude one’s salary, romance and other data that was considered personal and kept as secrets in the past. To this phenomenon, people’s views differ sharply. Some hold the positive view while others are strongly against it. Personally, I believe that this kind of culture has reasons to continue it existence, but it should be guided towards the right direction.
On the one hand, online sharing culture has some merits to its name. For one thing, it provides people with a precious way to be exposed to more information. Thanks to its feature of anonymity, the Internet allows people to convey and share much information that they dare not or too shy to communicate in other ways. For instance, you might risk being sacked or mocked if you disclose the list of your salary to your colleagues or acquaintances. But on line, no one knows if you are a man or a dog, as the saying goes. Secondly, online sharing culture can help solve many social problems and boost the development of the country. By revealing some dark sides of
the society, online sharing can draw public attention to certain injustices and work as a supervisor over the authorities. On the other hand, online sharing may do harm. This is especially true when someone’s personal information is publicized without his or her permission. Thereupon, citizens’ privacy is in the face of being intruded.
On the whole, online sharing culture has its merits and drawbacks. However, one should not give up eating for fear of being choked. The best policy, as I see it, is to exert more supervision on the information on line and make sure that people are the best informed and their privacy is well protected in the meanwhile.
2．（中国科学院2003．10）
Directions: Write an essay of no less than 200 words on the topic below. Use the proper space on your Answer Sheet Ⅱ.
My Idea of Professional Ethics for a Scientist.
My Idea of Professional Ethics for a Scientist There is no denying the fact that a distinguished scientist should not only be learned and creative but also have good professional ethics for the good of both society and the scientist himself. But what are professional ethics for a scientist? Answers may differ from person to person.
Personally, I believe that a scientist should possess the following qualities.
First of all, an eminent scientist should make sure that he is working to bring benefits to the general public rather than to make his personal gains. He should devote himself to the advancement of technology with the aim of raising the living standards of people and making our world a better place to live in.
Secondly, as a respectable scientist, he should be on good terms with other scientists. Cooperation and mutual trust between scientists are very critical for scientific achievements.
Thirdly, a good scientist should be honest and respect the work of others. Never should he plagiarize or falsify research findings.
Last but not least, a scientist should be a responsible person. He should not make any hasty decisions. Once a decision is made he should shoulder its consequence.
In a word, an excellent scientist should have good professional ethics to win the respect of the people and contribute more to people's benefits.
三、解决问题型
1．Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a short essay entitled Say No to Pirated Products. You should write at least 200 words following the outline given below:
1）目前盗版的现象比较严重
2）造成这种现象的原因及其危害
3）我们应该怎么做
2．恐怖主义
terrorism
（1）提出问题
（2）分析问题（经济、政治、种族、宗教）
（3）解决问题
3．（中国科学院2002．10）
Directions: Write a composition of no fewer than 200 words on the topic given below.
TOPIC: As a young scientist, which life would you prefer to live: common or uncommon? Why?
2．中国政法大学2005
Directions: While some people claim that a person's essential qualities are inherited at birth, others insist that the circumstances under which the person grows up are principally responsible for the kind of person he becomes. Which view do you agree with and why?
Requirement:
In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details.
Length: No less than 200 words.
Formation of Personality
There has always been much controversy over the formation of personality. While some people claim that a person's essential qualities are inherited at birth, others insist that the circumstances under which the person grows up are principally responsible for the kind of person he becomes. Personally, I believe that both of them are just partly true. Actually, inheritance and circumstances work together to decide a person's essential qualities.
On the one hand, offspring do inherit certain qualities from their parents when they are born. Though I am no expert in genetics or evolution, I do believe in the theory that certain chemicals inside human bodies determine their mood, their actions and their characters. Besides, I am a Marxist, and I firmly believe that matter decides
spirit. Therefore, if a child always resembles his or her parent(s) physically, why can't he or she take after them psychologically?
On the other hand, the living environment is also responsible for the kind of person a child becomes. A case in point is the so-called "wolf kids", who, accidentally left in the care of wolves, were no at all human when they were found, not to mention their personality.
Though heritance and circumstances both work in influencing our personality, we do not treat them in the same way. The former we cannot decide, but we can try to avoid its negative influence and give better play to it merits; the latter we can often choose, therefore we should go after positive ones. Even if we cannot change the environment, we should steel ourselves against evil attractions.
5．(复旦大学2003)
Directions: Write a composition of about 180 words on the topic The Value of Failure. Your composition should be written on Answer Sheet II.
5. The Value of Failure
As the Chinese saying goes, failure is but a common thing in warfare. Actually this is true in nearly every aspect of life. However, there are two opposite attitudes towards failure. Some people see failure as a discouragement to their efforts, a shame on their reputation and a denial of their capabilities. They stop at failure, they shrink from setbacks and they quit competition. Others, however, regard failure as an indication of their shortcomings, a reminder of their negligence, and a ladder towards their success. So they correct their mistakes, make up for their shortcomings and march on.
The latter point of view, of course, is the right one we should adopt. When we are faced with such a disappointing matter, don't get frustrated. After all, as the old saying goes, failure is the mother of success. In history, we notice that some great people have achieved success after repeated failures such as Beethoven. He created Symphony Nine after he failed several times in this attempt. It's failure that stimulated his determination to succeed. It's also failure that gave him a lesson from which he benefited a lot, even in his whole life. Therefore, failure shouldn't frighten us back. After failure, the critical thing for us to do is to find out the reason, draw a lesson from it and accumulate experience in order not to commit the same mistake that leads to the same result again.
In this sense, failure is valuable. Never get yourself engrossed in frustration after failure and remember to smile in face of it. When we see failure, we should believe that success is not far ahead.
6. （北京大学2008）
Directions: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET (2).
Quite a few teachers complain about students reading fewer books than before. In fact, students nowadays spend more time surfing on the internet and watching movies on DVD's. Naturally they spend less time reading books. Do you think that students today are less knowledgeable because they read fewer books?
Fewer Books, More Knowledge
There is a frequent complaint among teachers today that students read fewer books than before and that they are less knowledgeable as a result. At first sight, this argument seems reasonable. However, a careful inspection at it reveals how flimsy it is. In my view, students today are generally more knowledgeable than the elder generations.
Truly, students now spend less time reading paper books, but they spend more time surfing the internet and watching movies on DVDs. It is, as I see it, just a change in the means of acquiring knowledge.
7．（北京大学2007）
Directions: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET (2).
Traditional Chinese Medicine
There is no denying the fact that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a hotly debated topic in China today. Some hold that it should be eliminated from the Chinese medical care system. They argue that TCM is "unscientific" at best and "pseudo-science" at worst.
However, I suspect that the people who wave "science" as a weapon against TCM themselves have limited ideas of what the word "science" really is, even though they have received a good science education. The word "science" originates in Latin, meaning producing knowledge. By definition, there should be no argument about TCM, since generations of TCM practitioners over centuries have accumulated rich experiences and made TCM a knowledge and a science that hundreds of millions still seek for curing diseases and improving health.
The opponents of TCM are right in their argument that TCM is not an "exact science," like chemistry or physics, and they have good reasons to tell people that TCM may not cure all and that herbal TCM concoctions some folk doctors prescribe may not be as effective as proclaimed. But they forget that Western medicine, too, does not cure all, and that over the past few decades, many "scientifically"-approved drugs are banned as a result of serious side effects.
10. Mobile Phones
There is no denying the fact that the use of mobile phones has gained increasing popularity in China in the past decades. Statistics show that almost every Chinese owns one mobile phone on average. Yet recently some have claimed the mobile phone to be a nuisance. Despite its convenience, they argue that, it often causes disturbances in public and interferes people's daily lives. Personally, I believe that the advantages of mobile phones outweigh their disadvantages.
Admittedly, we are frequently annoyed by the rings of cell phones while we are conducting a conference, or we are irritated by the loud voice of someone who is talking on phone in the subway train or a bus. Besides, our privacy is often at risk of being invaded in case our cell phones are lost or wiretapped, not to mention the trash messages we receive from time to time from those unknown.
However, we can definitely not live without cell phones. Just think of the number of calls you make and the messages you send and receive every day. It is just hard to imagine a modern world without cell phones.
To sum up, a mobile phone is a two-edged sword, which brings us both conveniences and troubles. Of course, we should not give up eating for fear of choking. The best policy, as I see it, is to maximize its merits and eliminate its unhealthy influence so that it can serve us in a better way
陈述利弊型
讲写练习
北京理工大学2005
1．
Directions: You are to write a composition of no less than 250 words and do your composition neatly on the Answer Sheet. Your composition should be based on the following topic:
What Kind of Role Should Examination Play in Education?
My View on Examinations
It goes without saying that examinations play an essential role in modern society. They are used for various purposes. For one thing, a teacher may use them to measure how much progress his students have achieved after a period of instruction and the results of examinations reveal what knowledge and ability the students are lacking. Without examinations, a teacher may teach something too difficult or too easy to his students. Or he may be teaching too fast or too slowly. This will result in the failure of teaching. For another, r the results of examinations can stimulate students to compete with each other.
With the scores of exams, a student can compare his performances with others and know how to behave in the future. Without exams, however, some students may find no motivation to study. Therefore, examinations are of great use in schools and cannot be done without. Last but riot least. examinations are used for the purpose of selection and promotion. For example, with so many high school students in China and relatively few seats in colleges and universities, college entrance examination might be the only way to decide who should go to college and who should not. Therefore, examinations are of great importance to modem society．
However as every coin has two sides, examinations may also have negative effects on education. In the first place. the test results may not reflect the true level of a student. As we know, many questions in today's examinations are in the form of multiple choices. Therefore, many students can get a high score through guessing. There are even some training schools teaching students how to guess. Besides, those choice questions only test a student's ability to comprehend rather than his ability to apply what he has learned to solve practical problems. In the second place. in many schools both teachers and students work solely for high marks in exams. neglecting the all-sided development of students and their ability to solve actual problems.
This results in exam-oriented education instead of quality education. Examples have shown that Chinese students who score very high in English proficiency tests have serious communication troubles while abroad. Another case in point is that many graduates with high scores on their academic record are
unable to tackle with tiny issues in their work．
To sum up, examinations should be viewed as two-edged swords, which present both conveniences and troubles. But we should not give up eating for fear of choking. The best policy. as I see it, is to maximize their advantages and eliminate their unhealthy influence. Or in other words, we should further develop examinations so that they can benefit us in a better way．
解决问题型
讲写练习
2.（清华大学2007，北京航空航天大学2004）
Directions: Write a composition of no less than 200 words based on the following instruction.
In the past few years, several plagiarism(抄袭,剽窃) cases have been exposed in China; some involve professors and famous scholars while some others involve graduate students who are working as researchers. Please write a composition of no less than 200 words on your attitude towards plagiarism. You may also illustrate your opinion on academic integrity (正直) and give suggestions on how to preserve it in the academic world.
Directions: For this part, you are to write a short essay entitled Say No to Pirated Products. You should write at least 200 words following the outline given below:
1)目前盗版的现象比较严重
2)造成这种现象的原因及其危害
3)我们应该怎么做
提出问题、分析问题、解决问题
1. Say No to Pirated Products
No one can have failed to notice the fact piracy has become a grave problem with which we are confronted. Taking a look around, we can find examples too numerous to list. In many places we see people peddling pirated books or disks. Actually, piracy has become so widespread that it has severely hindered the development of the nation's economy.
A number of factors could be responsible for this phenomenon, but the following are the most critical ones. First, pirated products are much cheaper than copyrighted ones, so they are very attractive to people, especially youngsters, who are not financially well-off. Secondly, with highly developed technology, it is not difficult to manufacture pirated products. Last but not least, relevant laws are not in existence or in effect.
Piracy is bound to generate severe consequences if we keep turning a blind eye to it. First, intellectual property rights are severely infringed upon and honest producers will lose the motivation to develop new products. Meanwhile, pirated products are often of low quality, thus damaging the interest of buyers. Finally, the destruction of pirated products means a grievous waste of the nation's resources.
In view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures must be taken before things get worse. First, it is essential that pertinent laws and regulations be worked out and rigidly enforced to ban the manufacture and circulation of pirated products. Meanwhile, a deep-going, widespread and everlasting campaign should be launched to enhance people's awareness of protecting intellectual property rights and saying no to pirated products. With proper laws and an alert public, it will be only a matter of time before piracy becomes a thing of the past. / With these measures taken, we have reasons to believe that the problem can be solved in the near future. / Only with these measures taken can we expect a bright future.
练习
2009年六级题目练习
注意事项：
字迹清楚、段落明朗
第一行不写正文，写题目
每段首行缩进4个至8个字母
题目：Should Parents Send Their Kids to Art Classes?
提纲：１）现在有不少家长送孩子参加各种艺术班
２）对这种做法有人表示支持，但有人并不赞成
３）我认为……
丰富了课余生活
扩大交往范围
提高智力intelligence
培养孩子对艺术的兴趣
有助于孩子的全面发展
增加孩子的竞争优势
占用课外时间，影响孩子的身体健康
经济负担
不是所有的孩子都对艺术感兴趣
Weighing the arguments mentioned above, I believe that both sides have something right, so we should not go to extremes. On the one hand, it must be admitted that going to art classes is and effective means to find out and give full play to children's talent in art and it is conducive to their sound development. On the other hand, it is not advisable for parents to deprive their children of the right to choose to learn what they truly like. Remember, the fittest is the best.
一、语法错误：
（一）句子结构错误
1．主从句叠置
1)There are more and more people like to chat on the Internet.
谚语警句型
讲写练习
3.（中央民族大学2005）
Directions: In this part, you are required to write a composition on the topic "Calamity Brings Out One's Best Qualities" in about 200 words.
4.（南开大学2003）
Directions: For this part, you are asked to write a composition on the topic "It pays to be honest". Your composition should be no less than 150 words based on the given outline. Remember write clearly on the Answer Sheet.
1)Honesty is the best policy.
2)Give examples to support your point of view.
3)Conclusion.
1. Directions: For this part, you are to write a composition on the topic "Haste Makes Waste". You should write at least 200 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1)为什么“欲速则不达”?
2)举例说明。
2. Directions: For this part, you are to write a composition on the topic "Where There Is a Will, There Is a Way". You should write at least 200 words.
步骤：
1、解释含义
2、举例说明
3、总结建议
1. Haste Makes Waste
A famous saying goes that "Haste makes waste", which means that one should do everything step by step. Even simple operations can easily be spoiled if we rush to complete them, neglecting important stages in the process. Instead, one should make full preparations before beginning any task.
History abounds with examples of haste making waste. In ancient China, a farmer pulled his young crops up to help them grow faster, only to find they all withered in the end. Another case in point is the so-called Great Leap Forward movement in China in 1950's and 1960's. At that time, the Chinese people were so eager to develop their economy that they took some too drastic measures, only to hinder the expansion of economy and led to waste of resources.
The same is true with scientific research and daily life. Here I can think of no better illustration of the proverb than the experience of my own. At the age of 11 or 12, I began to learn to ride. Eager to ride as well as others, I started by sitting on the saddle at the very beginning. Predictably, I often fell from over the bike. Lots of time had been wasted before I realized that I should do it step by step. I tried to slide by standing on one pedal. Then I began to ride the bike from under the cross bar. Finally, I succeeded.
(或The same is true in scientific research or daily life. Take English study
for example. Without a good command of pronunciation, we can never hope to speak in an understandable way. Similarly, if we do not learn to spell properly and to acquire a basic grasp of grammar, we will never succeed in writing good compositions. )
In short, laying a solid foundation is essential if we want to make achievements in our studies or work, or indeed in any other aspect of our life. At every step, review what has been achieved and assess the problems ahead before moving to the next step. And remember Rome was not built in a day.
4)表示对比：similarly, likewise, in the same way, equally important; on the contrary, conversely, in contrast, by contrast, on the other hand, otherwise, whereas（连）
10)表示总结：in conclusion, in short, in brief, in summary, on the whole, to sum up, to conclude
图表图画型
图表作文
Directions: In this part you are to write a composition of no less than 200 words on The Increase in the Number of Chinese Traveling Abroad. Study the following chart carefully and base your composition on the information given in the chart.
1）State the changes in the number of Chinese traveling abroad in the past three years.
2）Give possible reasons for the changes. 1．不要大量机械的罗列数据，而要挖掘内涵
Directions: For this part, you are to write a composition based on the graph below. The suggested title is: Car Accidents Declining in Walton City. Remember
that your composition must be writtenaccording to the following outline:
1)Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents
as indicated by the graph;
2)Possible reason(s) for the decline of car
accidents in the city;
Your composition should be no less than 150 words and you should quote as few figures as possible.
Car Accidents Declining in Walton City
It can be seen from the graph that the rate of car accidents in Walton City experienced rises and falls in 2008. From January to March last year it increased by 45%. From March to June it dropped by about half the previous rate. From June to August there was a steep rise of 50%. After that, however, there was a steady decrease. 表增加减少的词：increase decrease raise grow expand jump（激增）rocket climb
fall drop
二、用词多样化
Replace the italicized parts with words or phrases of the same or similar meaning and usage.
1)big: sharp/dramatic/drastic/steep
2)big: significant/remarkable/considerable
2.Directions: For this part, you are to write a composition on the topic Changes in the Ownership of Houses in China. You should write at least 200 words and you should base your composition on the graph and outline below.
1）Describe the changes as indicated by the graph
2）Give possible reasons for the changes
It can be seen from the chart that there have been dramatic changes in the ownership of houses in China in the past 50 years.
5．Directions: For this part, you are to write a short essay entitled Reading Preferences. You should write at least 200 words following the outline given below: Reading preferences of students in an American university in 2005
Categories of books Percentage of book circulation in the library Popular Fiction 65.9％
General Nonfiction 18.2％
Science/Technology/Education 10.8％
Art/Literature/Poetry 5.1％
1）根据上表，简要叙述美国某大学学生借阅图书的分布情况：
2）你对于这些学生阅读偏爱的评论
3）你通常喜欢阅读哪一类书籍?说明理由。
It can be seen from the table that popular fiction is most popular with American students, accounting 65.9% of book circulation in the library. General nonfiction comes next, taking up 18.2%, while books concerning science, technology and education take up only 10.8%. The least preferred category is that of art, literature and poetry, with a circulation rate of merely 5.1%.
图表作文步骤：
1 描述数据
2 说明原因
3 总结、建议、展望或其他
6. Directions: For this part, you are to write a composition on the topic Film Is Giving Way to TV. You should write at least 200 words and you should base your composition on the graph and outline below.
此处插入六级写作教材75页之图表
1）看电影的人越来越少
2）看电视的人越来越多
3）然而还是有人喜欢看电影
图画作文
1．
Directions: Write an essay of at least 200 words based on the picture given below. In your essay, you should
1)describe the picture briefly;
2)interpret the social phenomenon reflected by it;
3)give your point of view.
1．On Supporting the Old
This is a simple but meaningful drawing. As we can see in it, a poor old man in shabby clothes curls into a ball. Around him are his three sons and a daughter, each of whom is keeping goal and ready to kick the old father away from himself or herself.
Apparently, this drawing is meant to reveal the problems existing with supporting the old in current society. As a civilized nation boasting a history of 5,000 years, Chinese have been known for their many virtues, one of which is respecting and loving the old. Yet in modern society, many people seem to have been deprived of this virtue. They lay more emphasis on pursuing their own happiness, ignoring their parents' benefits to a great extent.
2.
Directions: Write an essay of at least 200 words based on the pictures given below. In your essay, you should
1)describe the pictures briefly;
2)interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them;
3)give your point of view.
Obviously, these two photos refer to the common trend among modern young people of worshiping their stars or idols. Nobody could have failed to notice the fact that many youngsters regard famous pop singers or football players as their heroes or heroines. Taking a look around, we can find examples too numerous to list. A case in point is the so-called "super girls" in China, who become fashionable almost over night, with fans chasing after them in a kind of blind worship.
Apparently, these two photos are meant to reveal the trend of young people worshiping stars. Nobody could have failed to notice the fact that many youngsters regard famous pop singers or football players as their heroes or heroines. On this people's attitudes differ sharply. Some hold that it is nothing worth blame, for it is natural for people to have varied idols in a diversified society. Others, however, hold the opposite view. They deem the fans of football stars and the like as crazy.
考研模拟题
1、食品安全
2、酒后驾车
3、能源危机
4、环境问题
书信
类型及写作方法
1．
December 28, 2009 Dear Xiao Wang,
I was thrilled to receive your letter on December 10th, in which you suggested our spending a week together here in Beijing. I do think it’s a brilliant idea and I believe we’ll have a gorgeous time together．
As to the arrangement of the holiday, I suggest the following activities. For the first three days I will show you around our campus and some places of interest downtown Beijing, such as the Forbidden City, the Temple of Heaven and the Summer Palace. For the following two days. we will visit the Great Wall, the Ming Tombs and other historic sites around the city. In the last two days, we will be back in the city and tour some famous business streets, where you can do some shopping. What do you say?
It will be quite cold here in Beijing, so remember to get prepared for the weather. And, last but not leas t, don’t forget to bring your camera with you, for you will find so many scenes worth photographing here. I will be longing for your arrival．Best wishes,
Yours truly,
Zhang Ying
2．
December 28, 2009 Dear Sir/Madam,
I’m writing to lodge the complaint about the poor quality of an air conditioner that I purchased from Sun Appliance Company．
Frankly speaking, Sun Appliance has always been my favorite. On December 4, 2009, I bought the air conditioner （serial number 12345）from one of your chain store located in Lang Fang. The machine operated well at first, but ten days later, there was a fault that bothered me, that is, the fan made so much noise that I could not sleep well at night. Worse still, the heating system didn’t work well and the machine began to leak recently. Its poor quality ruined almost all my previous impression toward your products．
I strongly suggest that a service engineer should be sent to my home without delay. I wonder if you could pinpoint the exact cause of the malfunction as soon as possible. If you can’t, request for full amount of refund or a new air conditioner．
I would appreciate all your assistance in this matter. If you have any questions, please don’t hesitate to contact me. Look forward to your reply．Yours Sincerely,
Li Ming
3．
December 28, 2009 Dear Professor Herb Jason,
I am Li Ming, dean of Peking University Health Science Center. I am writing to invite you to participate in an international conference on heart diseases that is to be held in Beijing from 22th to 25th, January, 2010．
Since your visit in Beijing last year, all the teachers that attended your lecture have been deeply impressed with your thorough knowledge and profound understanding of the subject. We would be pleased if you could come, as our guest of honor, to the International Conference on heart diseases. If possible, would you please deliver a speech on whatever subject that interests you. Enclosed in this letter is a time schedule for the event. You would, of course, receive our standard honorarium to cover traveling and other expenses. When you arrive in Beijing, I will certainly meet you at the airport．
Please let me know your date of arrival if you can come and tell us when you can make the trip. If you have any qu estions, please don’t hesitate to contact me. Look forward to your reply．
Best regards,
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming 应用文：
通知、海报、请假条、便条、检讨、个人简历、总结、产品说明书、合同、广告、讣告
9．（海报）
Directions:
The Students' Union of your department is planning an English Speaking Contest. Write an announcement which covers the following information:
1）the purpose of the contest,
2）time and place of the contest,
3）what is required of the candidates,
4）details of the judges and awards.
You should write at least 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Department of English at the end of the announcement.
分类
1、公务书信（给陌生人或者组织写的）
2、私人书信
私人书信可用非正式语言，即小词、短句甚至口语词
公务书信多用正式语言，即大词、长句、虚拟语气和被动语态
注意事项及技巧
3．（投诉信）
Directions: Write a letter of complaint according to the following situation: You bought an air conditioner in Sun Appliance and had it installed the other day, but you found that the fan made too much noise when the machine operated. You demand the store to send a representative to check it up.
Write your letter in no less than 150 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use Li Ming instead. You do not need to write the address.
1、简要说明
2、具体说明理由
July 28, 2010 Dear Sir or Madam,
I'm writing to lodge the complaint about the poor quality of an air conditioner that I purchased from Sun Appliance Company.
Frankly speaking, Sun Appliance has always been my favorite. On July 14, 2009, I bought the air conditioner (serial number 12345) from one of your chain stores located in Lang Fang. The machine operated well at first, but ten days later, there was a fault that bothered me, that is, the fan made so much noise that I could not sleep well at night. Worse still, the cooling system didn't work well and the machine began to leak recently. Its poor quality ruined almost all my previous impression toward your products.
I strongly suggest that a service engineer should be sent to my home without delay. I wonder if you could find out the exact cause of the problem as soon as possible. If you can't, I am afraid that I will request for full amount of refund or a new air conditioner.
I would appreciate all your assistance in this matter. If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to contact me. Look forward to your reply.
Yours Sincerely,
Li Ming 5．（感谢信）
I'm writing to extend my heartfelt thanks to all the nurses and doctors in your hospital.
Last month, while I was on a business trip in Taiyuan, Shanxi province, I suffered from a bad cold and a fever, so I was sent to Ward Rom 201, Chaoyang Medical Center. During my stay at hospital, nurses on duty patiently took my temperature, regularly examined my body, and often fed meals to me. In addition, doctors prescribed me the most effective drugs and gave the best medical advice. Thanks to the constant care from the hospital staff, I recovered quickly. Now that I have returned home, the excellent service of your hospital still impresses me. I believe that as patient, I have received the most professional treatment and the most considerate care.
Please allow me to convey my sincere greetings toward the doctors and nurses that contribute all their efforts, patience and energy to their patients. Nothing can express my gratitude except my best wishes to them. If you have anything that needs my help, please don't hesitate to contact me.
寻物启示
LOST
January 16, 2010 I, the undersigned, left my wallet in Cafeteria No. 2 on January 15, 2010 due to my carelessness. It is a black wallet of genuine leather.
The wallet is of vital importance to me. It contains my various cards, including my resident identity card, student card and some bank cards. Most importantly, it has in it the last picture that I have of my girlfriend, whose life was taken away in the 5.12 earthquake.
Would the kind finder take the trouble to return the wallet to me? I would offer any reasonable sum of money as a reward. Or he/she can keep the cash in it and post the wallet to me.
Li Ming 七、读后感型
1．
Directions: Read the story in Chinese below, and then write a composition of no less than 200 words under the title of The Goal of Life. Your composition should be based on the story and the following outline.
1)What have you learned from the story?
2)What is the goal of your life? If you have achieved the goal of your life, what would you do?
写读后感步骤：
1 简述原文
2 发表感想
3 总结、建议、展望或其他
1．The Goal of Life
A story goes that a disabled young British managed to surmount all famous high mountains in the world before he was 28. He did all this as his parents told him to do in their will, which they left him before they went to climb a high mountain in Africa and died there. The young man, however, committed suicide in the end and his last words were: "Now I have nothing to do with all my goals achieved and my fame well established. I have no new goals."
This story might not be true, but it conveys profound messages. First, one should have a grand (great) ideal and combine (connect) it with the needs of society. Secondly, one should have his own pursuits and should not follow others blindly. This story is especially instructive when we think of similar examples around us. Some people, after making a fortune (a lot of money), feel empty and desperate, resorting to (turning) to drugs or other low styles (ways) of life. Still more young people do the same because they are in lack of lofty (great) ideals and are only drifting with the tide (following others).
As far as I am concerned, I would like to devote myself to any cause that is beneficial to mankind. My short-term goal is to learn about environmental protection and find a job in this field. And I believe this is a meaningful and useful career. It is worth my life-long efforts. I will keep finding and attaining new goals in this field.
语法错误：
1.时态错误
2.单复数错误
3.代词错误
4.冠词错误
5.词性错误
6.主从句叠置
1)There are more and more people like to chat on the Internet.
2)But there are still many problems should be noted and resolved.
7.句子成分缺失
1)If work hard, we will surely be successful.
2)Everywhere can find skyscrapers and flyovers in Beijing today.
3)The apples five dollars per kilo. / This girl very beautiful.
4)Finally, the service. The canteen workers aren't patient enough when serving us.
2018考博英语写作各部分万能模板 开头万能模板： 1．开头万能模板一：名人名言 有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”，很好办：编！ 原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦！而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？ 经典句型： A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” （适用于已记住的名言） It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （适用于自编名言） 更多经典句型： As everyone knows, No one can deny that… 2．开头万能模板二：数字统计 原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。 原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型： According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. 看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造：Honesty 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 Travel by Bike 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。Youth 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 更多句型： A recent statistics shows that … 结尾万能模板： 1．结尾万能模板一：如此结论 说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子： Obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. 如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！ 更多过渡短语： to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 更多句型：
2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best teachers. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Obviously, the earliest teachers we have in our lives in most cases are our parents, and they are generally the most involved in the development and education of their children. Yet neither are all parents good teachers nor are those good parents the best teachers. First of all, not all parents are good teachers. As normal individuals, some parents more or less have bad habits. Even though parents almost instinctively devote themselves to cultivating their offspring, the outcome might turn out to be disappointment, for all children tend to unconsciously or subconsciously copy every thing from their parents. Another deficiency of parents as teachers is the fact that most parents are lack of common senses of education. All too often we observe some parents tend to pursue their cherished but failed dream by forcing their children to develop in a prearranged direction. Ironically, if their children did not follow the instructions, the children would be regarded as disobedient or allegedly rebellious. In fact, it is parents rather than their children that virtually disobey common senses. Moreover, some parents are qualified as good teachers, but not all of them are the best ones. When children are in the preliminary school, it is not surprising that parents are capable of teaching their children almost every subject even better than professional teachers in the school. But the situation will not last long. We live in a world where knowledge is accumulated by multiplying and at the same time becomes more and more specialized. Therefore, to be a professional in a certain field today takes much longer time than ever before. No parent is able to be professional in all fields, though they might be experts in one or more fields. Wise parents often release rather than charge their children as early as possible. They are aware of the possibility outside the family. Parents may, nevertheless, help their children much more than do good teachers. Most parts of children education are virtually beyond teachers' reaches. It is parents that supplement. Psychology studies have shown us that parents' love sometimes has astonishingly magic power to their children. Albert Einstein's mother and Forest Gump's mother are both good examples. On the other hand, parents might do their children harm more than do bad teachers as well. The natures of those children whose parents have divorced are often severely distorted. In a word, it is rather superficial to simply say that parents are the best teachers. [404 words] 4. It has been said, "Not everything that is learned is contained in books." Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why? Both experiences and books are very essential resources, and both of them have relevant merits. Experiences are the most direct resources we ever have. Almost our every basic skill came from experiences, such as walking, articulating, reading even thinking. Without experiences, some natural born abilities even might lose. Studies have shown that a baby who was robbed by animals into forest for 12 years lost his ability to talk in human language. Furthermore, it is generally accepted that each and every skill develops by experiences, and that's why people always say practice makes perfect. Books are valuable when knowledge is beyond the scope of our experiences. Perhaps the most obvious examples are those fluent writers. They write various stories, the scopes of which are far beyond any individual's experiences. Take Joyce Carol Oates for example, her productivity has been prodigious, accumulating in less than two decades to nearly thirty titles, including novels, collections of short stories and verse, plays and literary criticism. Although some of them appear to come from her own direct observations, her dreams, and her fears, much more is clearly from the experiences of others. Her fictive world remains strikingly akin to that real one reflected in the daily newspapers, the television news and talk shows, and the popular magazines of our day. Yet either experiences or books may give us wrong information. Our direct observations always are subject to our beliefs, hopes, fears, expectations, and our bias, which might make observations unreliable. People vary in their powers of observation, and the reliability of our observations is no better than the reliability of our memories, which as we know can be deceptive. Information printed in papers sometimes is unreliable either, it may be misprinted, or even deliberately distorted. For example, Definitions such as Marxism, Capitalism, Zionism are totally different in the Oxford Learner's Dictionary of Current English between the original edition and the sanctioned Russian edition. 1
考博英语作文 一、亮眼首句 1. As is symbolically illustrated in the cartoon …（[s?m'b?l?kli]象征地；象征性地；['?l?stre?t?d] n. 有插画的报章杂志adj. 有插图的v. 阐明；举例说明；给…加插图） 2. As is shown in the pie chart（饼图）… 这两个句式用as引导的非限定性定语从句引出图画或图表内容，意为"漫画以象征的手法为我们阐述了一个观点……"，"正如饼状图显示的那样……"。 3. From the picture we can see… 该句式中的亮点是将介词短语做状语置于句首，不影响句子的整体结构。 4. Portrayed in the set of drawings above are/is…（[p??'tre?]描写；描绘；饰演） 上边一组图画描绘了…… ●It is difficult to portray feelings in words（[w??dz]）.感情很难用言语来描写。 ●The book portrays the life of an actor.这本书描述了一个演员的一生。 5. Emerging from the drawing is a miracle（['m?r?kl]奇迹）:… [?'m?d???]adj.新兴的；出现的；形成的v. 形成；浮现；显露（emerge的ing形式）；由…中脱出 6. Described by the bar chart above are/is…（条形图） 这三个句式都是倒装结构，非常漂亮。放在篇首，能够在茫茫考卷中，吸引眼球。7. The cartoonist laid out the image elaborately, placing...at the center of picture.（漫画家精心地描绘了这幅画，位于……图片的中心） 8. The implication conveyed in the cartoon is that…（漫画传达的意思是……） 这两个句式中使用了分词结构placing…和conveyed。如果在写作中能够灵活运用这一高频考点，阅读组老师自然会觉得咱们考生功底深厚，作文定能得到理想分数。 9. The photo exhibits us an eye-catching scene:…这张照片给我们展示了一幅引人注目的景象（[?ɡ'z?b?t] v.展览；陈列；展示；表现n.展品；展览）
考博英语作文范文【三篇】 导读：本文考博英语作文范文【三篇】，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。 【第一篇：直面困难】任何事业，大至国家事业，小至个人生活，要有所成，必然面对各类困难，这时候，良好的面对困难的品质以及解决困难的方法论方面的问题： 坚持/毅力persistence，乐观being optimistic/positive 团结合作cooperation and teamwork 踏实肯干hardworking 创新意识和好奇心innovation and curiosity 学习意识learning 保持学习习惯(keep the habit of reading and learning 行动实践能力(the ability of action and practice “一屋不扫、何以扫天下” If you cant do great things, do small things in a great way Each person whether rich or poor has his own difficulties, because life is not always full of smiles and flowers. So it is very important to have a correct attitude to face up the difficulties. Different people have different views on it. Some people just want to evade and they haven’t tried their best, so they can’t achieve success in the end. But some people believe
考博英语作文通用模板：原因陈述类 此类作文要求考生对社会现象或社会问题实行解释。出题者以某一社会现象、问题或趋势为议论对象，要求考生就其形成的原因实行充分、客观的解释，并从考生自身的视角出发对这个现象(或问题)的前景、后果或影响做出结论性分析或预测。 模板1 Nowadays, we often hear that _______________. This phenomenon is not accidental, and there are social and individual backgrounds. Why cannot _______________. For one thing, ___________. For another, _______________. As an example,_______________ . From that we_______________. As far as I am concerned, I agree that _______________.I think that _______________. 模板2 In the past 30 years China has experienced a surprising increase in _______________ ： It rose from 8 percent in 1978 to 25 percent in 2008. The statistics look quite disturbing and cause people to ask why. The factors for a great rise in X are complex. Some people attribute it to _______________which _______________. And other people place the reason to___________ which_____________. Whatever the causes are, only particular external circumstances have been examined. The factors, actually, are psychological as well as social. Most people______________ . They also ______________.
医学博士英语作文 总的原则和规律 一般来说博士的英语作文一般都是给阐述或陈述问题的文章写摘要，如“吃早餐有利于身体健康”、“吸烟有害健康”、“中国大学生越来越能接受心理咨询”、或“医疗体制的现状”等等这样文章，可使用以下的模版: 陈述问题型文章，分三种类型: 一、正面陈述问题 “吃早餐有利于身体健康”就是只从正面陈述问题; 二、负面陈述问题 如“吸烟有害健康”这样的文章，就是一般只说明吸烟是有害的，只说负面影响。三、客观的陈述问题(正负面都有的) 如“医疗体制的现状”等问题，因为这样的文章有好也有坏的方面，也就是有正面也有负面的问题。又如04年的博士论文，就是对医院问题的陈述，文章分别从洋医院、民营医院和公立医院几个方面来阐述，分别说明这几种医院各自的优点和缺点，所以这样的文章就是典型的客观陈述事实的文章。 首先看看是什么样的文章，再确定用什么模版来套用。(各个类型我都做一套模版) 但是不管是哪个类型的文章都不外乎这几个步骤，切记，不要觉得无所谓啊～～～～步骤一、确定一个好的题目 一般这个题目可以和中文标题的翻译一样，应该是陈述性的词组，用 “of” 、“and” 或“N 词组加介词短语” (1) 如文章是陈述的一个事情或问题，那就用什么的什么(sth1 of sth2)
如中国医疗体系的现状: The State of Arts of Chinese Medical Care System 或医疗制度的改革: Reform of Chinese Medical Care System (2) 讲到一个负面的问题，一般都是和健康有关系的，就可以说 sth1 and Health 如吸烟和健康，早餐和健康等等 (3)如果本文只讲到了一件事情，那么可以用介词短语 如A Blind Zone in Child-nutrition, (小孩营养问题的盲区) 等等 注意:1、第一个词和所有的实词大写，介词和冠词(The, a an)等虚词小写 2、最好要是陈述性的词组，除非原文的标题本来是疑问句 步骤二、浏览全文，把要点在试卷上划记下来 既然是写文章的总结(summary)，那么首先需要浏览全文，我感觉这些文章都已经把条理给整理清楚了，那么基本可以确定大概的几条，在试卷上把重要的部分用笔划出来;还可以把序号打上，说明一共有几点。注意:1、不用划记细节描写的语句，而用文章中陈述性的语句。一般来说主题句都是陈述性的语句。如讲到公费医疗体系的问题，你不要去划记那些中国的公立医院有多少，增长了多少的句子，而应该着重看陈述性的主题句是怎么说的，如果说有了大幅度的增长你就要知道这句话是最重要的句子。(切记:除非本文就是讲数据，而且目的在于测试考生们数据增长、减少等句型的话，那么就要用数据说明问题了) 步骤三、确定一个全文的主题句 这个问题是最重要的，也就是文章讲了什么 步骤四、确定每个段落的主题句 步骤五、最后有个小小的总结 文章的框架: 文章字数是200，那么大约是11-13句左右的样子。 标题
英语范文35篇 根据教育部1992年颁布的《研究生英语教学大纲》（以下简称大纲《大纲》 的要求：“非英语专业博士研究生英语入学水平原则上应达到或高于硕士生的通过水平。”《大纲》中对硕士生的写作要求是“掌握基本写作技能（如文章结构、段落展开和起承转合等），能按具体要求，在一小时内写出250词左右的短文，正确表达思想，语意连贯，无重大语言错误。” 第一部分写作文的要求，评分标准及考试中普遍存在的问题 一考试要求 1．文章内容切题。审题准确,不跑题。 2．表达清楚。语言简洁、准确、说理清楚,读者能从作文内容清楚理解作者写作意图。 3．意义连贯。文字连贯、层次分明、意义表达完整。要使文章意义连贯必须具有一 定的技能，包括较强的语感，遣词造句能力和文章谋篇布局的组织能力； 4．语言规范。符合英语表达的习惯、语法错误较少、语言基本功扎实，最终避免中式英语。 二作文的评分标准及样卷介绍 14 分: 内容符合要求, 包括了标题或提纲中的全部内容;语言流畅;层次分明,句式有 变化。词汇丰富,句子结构和用词准确,文章长度符合要求。 11分：内容符合要求，包括了标题或提纲中的全部内容；文字连贯，句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误，文章长度符合要求。 8分：内容符合要求，包括了标题或提纲中多数内容；基本清楚表达的主题的内涵； 句子结构和用词有少量错误，个别是大错。文章长度符合要求。 5 分：内容基本切题，基本表达了标题或提纲中的内容；文字连贯，语言可以理解， 但有较多的结构和用词错误，且大错较多。文章长度基本符合要求。 2 分：基本切题，但语句支离破碎，只有少数句子可以理解。 0 分：文不切题。只将预先背诵的某篇文章默写下来，或语句混乱，无法理解。 附：14 分样卷 Topic：With her entry into WTO, China is being plunged into an international competition for talents, and in particular, for higher- level talents. To face this new challenge, China must do something, among other things, to reform her graduate(postgraduate) education system. State your opinion aobut this reform, and give the solid supporting details to your viewpoint. With China’s entry into WTO, she is facing a lot of chances and challenges in many aspects. As far as talents are concerned, China is being plunged into an international competition for talents, especially for higher-level talents. In order to adapt this new challenge, China must do something, among other things, to reform her graduate education system.
7. How do movies or television influence people's behavior? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer. 如何将电影或电视影响人们的行为？使用原因和具体的例子来支持你的答案。 The impact that modern mass media such as movies or televisions has had on our daily life, and society in general, is undeniable. No doubt it will become even greater as the scope of mass media continues to grow, and as the relevant technologies become more and more sophisticated, and so fascinating that virtually nobody will be able to escape. Already, it can be seen how western movies are exercising influence on our youth generation: they grow long-hair regardless of their sex, commonly part of which are dyed in gold; they wear jeans in each and every season, usually knees of which are deliberately tattered; boys are fond of earrings or other odd pendants; and girls are keen on Marlboros and weird coarse languages. 在这样的电影或电视现代传媒已经在我们的日常生活产生的影响，和整个社会，是不可否认的。毫无疑问，它将成为甚至作为大众传媒的范围更大的继续增长，随着相关技术越来越先进，因此迷人，几乎没有人能够逃脱。已经，可以看到西方电影如何行使对青少年一代的影响：他们长大长头发，无论其性别，通常，其中一部分黄金染色，他们穿在每一个季节，通常是膝盖的牛仔裤故意褴褛，男孩的耳环吊坠或其他多喜欢和女孩的万宝路，怪诞的粗语言激烈。 The major means that mass media influence the public is by creating topics of discussion in the society. Mass media offers people (the consumers) issues to talk and think about. Titanic had brought a worldwide uproar by its extolling and of fascinating immortal love; Prime Color and Wag the dog met the national debate on right and duty of the president of the United States. Antiwar movies such as Tears of the Sun and All Quiet On The Western Front among numerous others have been raising the question that is any war really to uphold justice or is it really worthy that an individual makes sacrifices to his country and at the same time ignores his own family or his personal values? 大众媒体的公众影响力的主要手段，是创造了社会讨论的议题。大众媒体提供人（消费者）问题讨论和思考。泰坦尼克号带来了其迷人的赞美和不朽的爱全世界一片哗然，总理颜色和摇尾狗符合有关的权利和对美国总统职责的全国性辩论。如太阳泪和其他许多在西线无战事反战电影已经提出的问题是任何战争的真正的正义，还是很值得，个人作出的牺牲，他的国家，同时忽略他的家人或他的个人价值？ Mass media also shapes our understanding of what is important and what is not important (to know). The "important" issues are to be found on the first pages of the newspaper (/in the beginning of a television program). The "not important" stories are the ones that are not being told at all. The "not very important" stories are probably very short and hidden in the last pages. In fact censorships present all mass media including its distributing means such as the Internet. By prearranging public issue, the mass media makes decisions for us. Even though there are critical thinking individuals in any society, they are definite minority; the public in whole in deed lack skills of critical thinking, and therefore they are often led by the media. 大众媒体也影响我们对什么是重要的理解，什么是不重要的（知道）。“重要”的问题，必须对报纸的（/在一个电视节目的开始）第一页找到。“不重大”的故事是那些不被告知所有的。在“不太重要”的故事可能很短，在过去的页面隐藏。事实上，目前包括censorships分发
最新博士英语作文范文经典35篇 1. Television Program and Their Effect on children Television programs regularly entertain, educate, effect and even frighten the majority of our children. Most children are allowed to watch whatever program is on, with little thought on the effect that particular show will have on a child. Most programs can be classed as beneficial or harmful, according to what effect the program might have on a child. The beneficial television programs are mainly thouse that educate the young. There a re often specials on animal life. A few regular children’s programs develop the child’s interest in school-type learning by stressing numbers and the alphablt, and that encourages him or her to be creative. The beneficial commercials, such as those on anti-smoking, anti-litter, and health, should be included in this category. On the opposite side are the shows, which are generally harmful to children. Many commercials, especially those sponsoring the children’s programs, are deliberately written to create a desire for an unnecessary product such as sugar coated cereals and candy. All adult programs that include violence or sex scenes can at best fill a child’s mind with confusing or misleading ideas, and could possib ly harden the child to violence. Thoughtful parents will definitely not allow their children to view the bad programs. A child’s viewing time should be limited to watching educationlly benefical programs. 2. How to Solve the Housing Problem in Big Cities With the development of modern industruy, more and more people are flowing into big cities. Accordingly, the housing problem in big cities is becoming more and more serious. People have offered many solutions to this problem. I think building satellite cities in the suburbs is more practical. The fresh air and beautiful secnery in the suburbs will be appealing to the city citizens, who suffer from air pollution, noises, etc. in the overcrowded city. With more people leaving the city, more space will be available for those remaining. The housing problem in big cities will thus be solved. 3. “The younger generation knows best” Old people are always saying that the young are not what they were. The same comments is made from generation to generation and it is always true. It has never been truer than ti is today. The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so dependent on their parents. They think more for themselves and do not blindly accept the ideas of their elders. Events, which the older generation remembers vividly, are nothing more than past history. This is as it should be. Every new generation is different from the one preceded it. Today the difference is very marked indeed. The old always assume that they know best for the simple reason that they have been around a bit longer. They don’t like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. And this precisely what the young are doing. They are questioning the
考博英语作文常用短语100个 1.经济的快速发展 the rapiddevelopment of economy 2.人民生活水平的显著提高/稳步增长 the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people's livingstandard 3.先进的科学技术advanced science and technology 4.面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges 5.人们普遍认为It is commonly believed/ recognized that… 6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development 7.引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention 8.不可否认 It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that… 9.热烈的讨论/争论 a heated discussion/ debate 10.有争议性的问题 a controversialissue 11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument 12.一些人…而另外一些人… Some people… while others… 13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally, 14.就…达到绝对的一致 rea ch an absolute consensus on… 15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons 16.双方的论点 argument on both sides 17.发挥着日益重要的作用play an increasingly important role in… 18.对…必不可少be indispensableto … 19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes: 20.…也不例外…be no exceptio 21.对…产生有利/不利的影响exert positive/ negative effects on…