新世纪研究生英语课后习题及答案
Unit1
1. The representative（众议员）presented to the committee a petition(请愿书) signed by 1,200 electors asking for a thorough probe into the financial scandal surrounding the candidate for the regional legislature.
2. The landlady fired the servant who pocketed(独吞) household funds for his own use.
3. After exploring for more than half a year, the ecologist felt a great from thrill(兴奋) spotting the
rare species at the foot of the mountain.
4. “Better late than never” is a platitude(陈词滥调) that is very familiar to most English speakers.
5. The couple had been trying to satisfy all the needs of their only youngster, who had been importuning (胡搅蛮缠) for more pocket moneny all the time.
6. The unruly(不守规矩的) crowd became even more boisterous(喧闹的) when the negotiator tried to quiet them.
7. The belief that one should work hard and be honest is deeply ingrained（根深蒂固）in our culture.
8. The company was financially cornered（把…逼入绝境）and almost went into bankruptcy(破产) during last year’s economic recession.
9. The employees tried to avoid every risk that might incur（导致）her displeasure during the first
month after her divorce.
10. In order to prevent a sudden outbreak of hostilities, we must make no provocative（刺激的，挑拨的）move.
11. The author of the book made a comparative study of courtesy（礼貌，礼节）between the two different cultrues. (etiquette 礼貌，礼节)
12. After long night of revelry（狂欢）at the New Year’s Eve party ,most of the guests were drunk（喝醉的）.(looped 喝醉的)
13. Since the beginning of last month, she has suffered now and then from a sharp and unexplained (不明原因的) headache for which the doctors are trying to find a cure. (unaccountable不明原因的)
14. The security guard spoke angrily and seriously(气愤的斥责) to the group of noisy boys acting up in the garden of the hotel. (told off 斥责)
15. Compared with all his peers, the young engineer had been noticeably（显著地）successful in that field.(conspicuously显著地)
16. Many men tend to regard daily housework such as cooking, cleaning and laundry to be an irritating（使人烦恼的）nuisance. (pesky使人烦恼的)
17. The psychiatrist encouraged his patient to release（释放）all his resentment at the way life had treated him.(let loose释放，放松)
18. In this lively(生动的) romantic historical novel, the author narrates a riveting（引人入胜的）love story between two great figures of the 19th century. (racy 生动的)
19. She was depressed by the gloomy(阴郁的，沮丧的), fog-bound scene on the waterfront and felt even more lonely.(murky 阴郁的，沮丧的)
20. The chairman advised both parties to calm down and be rational because thy had reached
a sensitive(敏感的) stage of their business negotiation.（ticklish棘手的，敏感的)
翻译：
To invite eminent persons to help make advertisements should be regarded as one of the best advertising strategies and could, of course, produce a spectacular(powerful) VIP effect, privided that those celebrities are perfectly willing to accept the invitation and, more importantly, the products to be advertised are genuine and of fair prices. Sometimes, while a commodity is of inferior quality, the advertisement is full of words lavishing praise on it, if a celebrity shows up as an image agent for such a product, the advertisement could, if any, be temporarily successful before it turns the brand of the product in question notorious and, more disastrously, ruins the reputation of the eminent person thereafter. So, the famous are well advised to think more than twice before they agree to appear on the commercial.
Unit2
1. Italian neo-realist(新实在论者)cinema focused on working—class subjects, using amateur actors and filming on location, rather than in the studio.
2. Despite his wartime atrocities,(暴行)Hitler is still revered by neo-Nazi(新纳粹主义的) in many countries.
3.Neo-fascist(新法西斯主义者)groups are an increasing threat to ethnic minorities across Europe.
4. By neocolonialism（新殖民主义）we mean the practice of granting a sort of independence with the concealed intention of making a liberated country a client—state.
5. The tutor tried hard to dissuade(阻止) students from using neologisms（新词）in formal writing
6. He is a neo-Darwinist(新进化论者) animals is principally determined by natural selection, and that acquired characteristics cannot be inherited.
7. The architect traveled around the whole of Europe seeking Palladio’s wonderful
16th-century neoclassical（新古典主义的）buildings.
8. In view of the still unknown physical risks that cloning might impose on neonates（婴儿）appropriate.
9. The challenge for the future lies in fostering（培养）conditions in cities that will be favorable to economic growth.
10. The old lady reaved（赞扬）about her grandchildren for about an hour.
11. Gene therapy-----the actual correction or replacement of defective gene sequences in the embryo or the adult ------is the holy grail（最受欢迎的）of genetic medicine.
12. Through genetic engineering, will scientists be tampering with the genetic diversity that has been the mainstay（支柱）of human survival in the past?
13. A news release by the Chinese Ministry of Personnel printed in a few leading newspapers and on news websites caught the attention of thousands of twenty-somethings（人到二十）in October.
14. For many reasons, the vast majority of heterosexuals(异性的) still prefer the “old—fashioned”, sexual way of producing children. No other method better expresses the loving union of a man and a woman seeking to make a baby.
15. It is absolutely mandatory（强制的）that every dr iver of a vehicle must pass a driver’s license test.
16. In today’s lightning—speed world many singles are embracing（拥抱，接受）the newest trend in relationship ----- speed dating-------to size up a potential love interest.
17. As a young man, he spent a lot of time meditating（冥想）upon the purpose of life.
18. She really enjoyed the film because it was a(n)fusion(融合) of history and contemporary events.
翻译：
Nowadays in the city’s tonier residential districts there are peple named as singles, who are usually young, rich and tech-savvy professionals and choose independently their own lifesyles. The number of singles has increased dramatically over the recent years. The reasons of remaining single are various:some may be busy exploring careers without putting their marriage into the agenda, some may indulge in their jobs, travel, entertainment, physical fitness or friendship, More than 80% of them have not abandoned the value of marriage, and they say they aspire to marry or they want to be married someday, but they are patient and feel content being single until they meet the right person.
Unit3
1. In China, home computer ownership is expected to exceed（超过）that of the U.S. and Europe combined. ( outstrip超过)
2. The company has been placed in a state of uncertainty(处于不确定状态) as the board decides what to do next.( limbo处于不确定状态)
3. He wrote quickly, but from time to time he stopped(停下来) and look out of the window. ( ceased停止)
4. Thousands of refugees left the country following（紧随）the outbreak of civil war.( in the wake of 紧随)
5. An airline spokesman stated that the safety of passengers was absolutely of the most importance（最重要的）.(paramount 最重要的)
6. The use of animals in scientific tests raises difficult moral(道德的) questions. (ethical道德的)
7. TV coverage of the match had to be extended(延长) when it went into over -time.（prolonged延长)
8. He’s a good person to be with if ever you’re in a tough(艰难的) situation. ( thorny 艰难的)
9. He seemed to be a born（天生的）liar. ( congenital天生的)
10. The operation was rather painful, but I felt a lot better afterwards(之后). (subsequently 之后)
11. In the Netherlands euthanasia（安乐死）has already been legalized.
12. Some observers doubt whether the peace process can be salvaged(挽救).
13. Lack of essential minerals can cause deformity（畸形）in unborn children.
14. All the cars are tested for defects（不合格）before they leave the factory
15. We help people with mental or physical handicaps（残障）to find work
16. She had a(n)lingering（挥之不去的）sense of guilt for some time after breaking off her relationship with Henry.
17. The Government has to grapple with（努力克服）the problem of unemployment.
18. He was arrested for allegedly（据说，据称）stabbing his former wife
19. To her relief she was acquitted（无罪开释of all the charges laid against her.
20. The frontiers(尖端科学) of medical knowledge are being pushed farther outwards as time goes on.
翻译：
People who are energetic, happy, and relaxed are less likely to catch a cold than those who are depressed, nervous, or angry. When the brain is “happy”, it sends messages to our organs that help keep the body healthy and sound. Your chance of developing the common cold, pneumonia, or even cancer may very well be decreased by keeping your brain in a healthy state. In addition, happy and relaxed people are prone to better health practices than their negative and stressed counterparts. They are more likely to get plenty of sleep and to engaged in regular exercise, and have been shown to have lower levels of certain stress hormones.
Unit 4
1.Westerners perceive shape and dimensions(规模，大小)------(size)
2. see cross-cultural varieties(品种；种类)------(types)
3. any intrusion(侵入；闯入)------(penetration)
4. essence(本质，实质)------(core)
5. the word means “in a house” or “from a chamber(室内的；私人的)”------(room)
6. adaptations(适应；改编)------(adjustments)
7.The amount of distinguishing(有区别的)------(distinctive)
8. make careful distinctions(区别) among different spatial elements ------(differentiation)
9. secular and sacred(神的；神的）(holy)
10. different perceptions of time may cause cultural conflicts(冲突；矛盾)------(clashes)
11. Time is not a “mere connection”, as some English anthropologists(人类学家)but one of the most basic organizing systems of life, because all situational behavior has a temporal and
a spatial dimension.
12. Patterns(模式)are those implicit cultural rules by means of which sets are arranged so that they take on meaning.
13. In fact, compared with more tangible(有形的；切实的)assaults on his
character------namely Jones’ pending sexual—harassment lawsuit and the federal investigation into White—water ------words in a book could barely hurt him.
14. A small but persistent(固执的，坚持的) … still don’t buy it.
15. Mr. Smith, who was worried that the ban might infringe(侵犯；违反)—abiding gun owners , had already voted against the bill.
16. After all, scientists noted, HIV is a retrovirus, a class of infectious agents known for their alarming ability to integrate(使…完整；使…成整体)
17. Suddenly, perfectly secular(世俗的；长期的)medieval—era arguments against the hubris of science.
18. My study of space---- how people experience it and create a model of the spatial(空间的；存在于空间的)world in the central nervous system-----forced me to acknowledge the perceptual clichés of my culture.
19. My ignorance of both hydroponics and of florist’s(花店)shops made me feel somewhat ease.Consequently I did not communicate in the manner I generally use when I am speaking on a familiar subject in a familiar setting.
20. To understand an organization, you have to consider all of its components. Organizations are
networks of related parts. Each element works together with the others to support efficient operations. The new MBA buzzword for it all is Organizational .Architecture(建筑学；建筑风格).
翻译：
As one travels abroad and examines the ways in which space is handled, startling variations are discovered; differrences which we react to vigorously. Since none of us are taught to look at space as isolated from other associations, feelings cued by the handling of space are often attributed to something else. In growing up people learn literarily thousands of spatial cues, all of which have their own meanings in their own contexts.
当人们到海外旅游时，如果留心观察外国人如何处理空间关系，就会发现许多令人惊讶的不同之处；而这些不同之处总让我们反应强烈。因为从来没有人教我们要把空间与其它联想区别开来，所以我们常认为空间处理引发的感觉是出于其它的原因。从小到大。人们要学会几千种空间暗示，所有这些暗示在不同的情境中都有不同的含义。
Unit 5
1.rapt (complete; engrossed) 全神贯注
2.pay for the use of the inn’s facilities (resources; means) 设施
3.condone (overlook; ignore) 宽恕，赦免
4.abominable (contemptible) 令人憎恶的
5.assessments (appraisals)评估
6.her friend’ s mother was livid (furious) 狂怒的
7.gallantly (bravely; politely) 勇敢的
8.jerk (idiot; fool) 性情古怪的人
9.provocation (irritation;annoyance) 挑衅
10.deliberate (intentional; purposeful) 深思熟虑的
11.It is not our desire to be provocative（挑衅的）, but the status quo cannot continue. Neither can the present standoff, without the danger of a more serious confrontation that nobody wants.
12.Like all derivatives, they function, essentially, as bets on the direction of particular markets.
So coveted is such insurance that the total face amount -----or notional（概念性的，抽象的）“ value”-----of swaps and similar contracts has soared to an astronomical $11 trillion.
13.Annoyed, shareholders have moved to curb（抑制）such abuses-----just as they have moved to remove a number of CEOs in recent months.
14.The day was star—crossed, Friday, October 13th, on the eve of the second anniversary of a(n) devastating（灾难性的）market crash.
15. In a(n)appalling(令人震惊的) demonstration of the mistreatment of recruits and their meager food rations, in March 1993 four sailors on Russky Island in the Far East died of malnutrition.
16. Even more interesting, from a business perspective（远景，观点，角度）,is the so—called intranet----the collection of networks that connect computers within corporations---- that both Sun and Microsoft have targeted as a rich area for growth.
17. She was at times less successful winning over her counterpart（副本，相似的人或物）at the U.N., who, like Napoleon’s army, travels on his stomach.
18. Members of the NASA—led team arrived in Washington fully prepared to enter the
fray(紧张).
19. Negotiation could sometimes defuse（平息，缓解）these situations and produce more acceptable consequences for both parties.
20. It may not seem much consolation to point out that the teacher, too, becomes frustrated （挫败的，泄气的）when his efforts appear to produce less than obvious result.
翻译：
Wealth exposed American manners to continuing international scrutiny because it underwrote an expansion of tourism. In the late nineteenth century the American abroad symbolized for some the dangders of sudden wealth and became an instrument to expose comparative social codes and standards of morality. Boasting, vulgarity, obsessive acquisitiveness, and insensitivity were soon associated with this early version of the Ugly American. Representing a small portion of the population, the international travelers seemed to stand for the whole country in the eyes of many foreigners, and it was the prodigality of their wealth, the apparently limitless wallets and purses, that seemed most dangerous. American money threatened to loot the Old World of its historic treasures, and aggressive celebrity hunters and relic gatherers to invade European privacy as well.
财富使美国人的行为一直受到国际上的关注，因为它是旅游业的基础。19世纪末，有人认为，在海外的美国人是那些骤增财富的内在危险的象征，并使他们那并非完美无缺的社会准则和道德标准面临腐蚀的危险。自吹自擂、粗俗鲁莽、贪得无厌、麻木不仁很快成了早期的丑陋美国人的象征。周游列国的旅行者在全国人口中虽然只是一小部分，但在许多外国人眼里，他们好像代表了这个国家的所有人。他们挥霍无度，看起来有用之不尽的资产，这是最大的危险。美钞大有把旧世界历史上的奇珍异宝掠之一空之势。一群追逐名利和涉猎文物古玩的人无孔不入，极大地扰乱了欧洲人的私生活。
Unit 6
1. Marsgall’s skills and her pleasant and sociable personality made her very effective in her public relations job. (outgoing)(对人友好的，开朗的)
2.Mary was small, pretty, and very ambitions. (petite)（女子）娇小的，小个子的
3. He was always strongly and clearly…(emphatically)着重地；强调地
4. On the surface Dana was calm and self-assured,…(self-possessed)镇静的；冷静的
5. Many of its best-educated residents have been driven to neighboring countries in searching of better jobs. (quest)追求；寻找
6.He was certainly the most attractive and pleasant lecturer there. (personable)风度好的；貌美的
7. For a while she imagined that …. (fntasized)幻想；想像
8. I like the idea of getting married but I don’t accept the traditional view of what marriage should be all about. (buy into)买进；入股
9. They decided to postpone that she wedding unt il Pam’s mother was out of the hospital (defer)推迟；延期
10. The government involved in a bitter dispute between the miners and their
employers.( caught up)抓起，捉住
11. Fathers are encouraged to be more involved(有关的；卷入的)with their families.
12. Edinburgh sees itself as a university of the new millennium,committed(坚定的；效忠的)to research and teaching.
13. I couldn’t figure out(解决；算出；想出)who the lady with the sunglasses was.
14. Researchers are convinced(确信的；深信的) that…
15. Spatial mobility tends to be highest among the most affluent(富裕的；丰富的)groups on the one hand and the poorest on the other.
16. She didn’t want to be tied down(冷静) by a full-time job.
17. She loves her life and is immersed in the quest(追求；寻找)for knowledge for knowledge’s sake.
18. It seems like everybody in America is looking for the end of the rainbow(虹桥的尽头).
19. Some claim that the herb has therapeutic(治疗的)value for treating pain.
20. She has lots of good ideas, but she has formulating(使公式化；系统地阐述)difficulty. 翻译：
我赞成这样的理想：人应该各方面都很出色，既要有头脑，也要有健美的体格。我希望能得到某种幸福和快乐。美国是能得到这些东西的最好的地方，因为这里的人和我们的思想来自世界各地。至今到美国来寻梦的仍然大有人在。
现在我明白了，决定美国梦能否实现的不是教育、不是机会、也不是艰苦的工作，而是权势和恐惧感。你在企业里爬到的地位越高，你失去的东西就越多。美国梦并没有破灭。今天在美国十分流行的想法是：千万不能失去梦想。
I agree to this ideal: people should be good in all aspects, It is necessary to have not only the mind, but also magnificent physique. I hope to get some kind of happiness and joy. The United States is the best place to get these things, because the people here and their ideas come from all over the world. So far , here are still many people to seek a dream.
Now I know, It is not education, not opportunities, and not hard work, but power and fear that decide whether the American dream can come to be or not. The higher your position is in enterprise, the more you lose something. The American dream is not the end. The idea is very popular in the United States today: never lose one’s dream.
Unit 7
1. The old lady complained continuously（不停抱怨）about the way her granddaughters dressed .(carped 吹毛求疵)
2. His painting gave a concrete form(给一个…形式) to the spirit of the age.(embodied呈现)
3. The poor couple suffered great pain(经受巨大痛苦) every night over the decision to send their sons to school and keep their only daughter at home to help with farming
work.(agonized感到巨大痛苦)
4. He issued an open and direct （公开直接的）denial (否定)of the story that he was involved in bribery. (outright 直率的，彻底的)
5. Bill looked hard(凝视) at the computer screen, wondering what his programming mistake was. (peered凝视)
6. Mary’s parents knew clearly that their daughter’s poor （可怜的）scoreswould keep her out of any prestigious university. (mediocre中等的，普通的)
7. The company was flooded with（被…淹了）application letters after their advertisement for new employees appeared in local newspapers. (inundated 淹没)
8. The manager stubbornly opposed(坚决反对) the suggestion to reduce his staff despite his failing business. (bucked 抗拒)
9. John Bull is always speaking sharply(尖锐的地说) to his workers for no apparent reason. (snarling at咆哮)
10. The rain came gradually to a stop（逐渐开始停止）before we got started. (petered out 逐渐消失)
11. Gas lamps became obsolete(淘汰) when electric lighting became popular.
12. It is very hard for me not to wince(畏缩)when I see a nurse putting a needle into my arm.
13. No one would deny that the marathon is the most grueling(折磨人的) event in the sports meeting.
14. They whizzed through the rehearsal so that there would be time for a short meeting.
15. The film star made a(n)pretentious(自命不凡的，做作的) speech to journalists, stating that he only cared about art,not wealth.
16. The senator squelched（镇压）the reporters who tried to interrupt him during his speech.
17. It took a long time for him to mull（思索）over the whole thing before eventually making
a decision.
18. It was exciting to see such a movie for the first time, but we soon became jaded (厌
倦)when our TV was flooded with programs of a similar kind.
19. Jane hoped her new housemaid could be trusted, but she will had some misgivings（疑虑）.
20. When the war broken out, a large number of refugees crossed the border, seeking sanctuary（避难所）in the neighboring country.
21. Fame happened almost overnight for the 25-year-old actress, but she has been unfazed （坦然的）by all the recent media attention.
22. The man ’s posed(假装) as a health-worker in order to get into the old lady’s house, and then stole her money.
23. Years ago, people would have scoffed（嘲笑）at the notion that robots would operate on patients instead of surgeons.
24. Mrs. Williams was upset when she heard that her son had misbehaved（行为不端）at school.
翻译:
Clinton and Bush are different greatly from each other. Clinton attends in person to everything, trival of critical; He can memorize data well just like a computer; He and his advisors never fail to take part in the interminable meeting of politics or economy. On the contrary, Bush dislike a meeting that lasts over 15 minutes, and even loathes being bothered by confusing figures. Clinton has cared very much about public approval presented by polls since his early presidency, where Bush, in a sharp contrast, proclaimed at the outset of his election that he would make all decisions on his own.
Clinton is an avid reader, but his successor is not. Joyful, casual and elegant, the ex-president time and again drinks a little, but the new president has been a teetotal since he abstained from it 14 years ago.
Bush Jr. was born of a privileged WASP family in Texas, while the former, from an ordinary family, has tempered himself and developed his talents in hardships. He works with his wisdom and eloquence, which his successor is short of.
An Integrated English Course One Translation Unit 1 (1) The baby can’t even crawl yet, let alone walk. (2) Will claimed he was dining with a group of friends at the time of the murder, but in my opinion he told a lie. (3) To a certain extent the speed of reading is closely related to reading skills; and with reading skills you can cope with outside class reading better. (4) According to the regulation/rule, they both can play the game/participate in the game. (5) Some people assume that there is a Chinese equivalent for every Japanese word. (6) We have passed all the relevant information on to the police. (7) There/It is no use asking me any more questions about that matter because I won’t answer. (8) It was a mistake on Jim’s part to sign the contract without reading it carefully. (9) They refused to provide us with all the information we need. (10) This accident is very similar to the one that happened three years ago. (11) The film is based on a play by/of Shakespeare. (12) If you have a good command/mastery of English and computer skills, you will surely have an advantage over others in finding a job/in job-hunting. Unit 2 (1) Many teachers frowned on this practice. (2) An old man glared at me when I was trying to cut across the lawn. (3) When I mentioned my father, she showed a smile of recognition on her face. (4) My firstborn was quite obedient, whereas my younger child was very stubborn. I can still recall now how the younger child insisted on going abroad to study after he finished his secondary school. (5) Countries in South East Asia sustained great losses when the tsunami struck the area. (6) Every time the mother tries to compare the younger brother with his elder brother, the younger one will protest. (7) He found himself unable to fit in with his classmates when he first came to this school. (8) The fury on her face terrified me. I dared not say no to her again. (9) No wonder you ended up in trouble. You never followed your parents’ advice. (10) It took him two years to adapt to the new environment Unit 3 (1) William likes the girl a lot so he tries very hard to impress her and is optimistic that he will win her heart. (2) He is very creative and has a good vision of the future, but he likes to keep things to himself. (3) They came from a poor village where people were shut off from modern civilization. (4) We must work hard and make an effort to achieve the goals that we have set. (5) We should learn to be content with all that we have and should not be too critical about things around us.
①A. 从更大的范围上讲，选民们往往仅因为某个政客的外表整洁清秀而对他做出有利的反应。他的对手则因为没有生就一副令人信任的外表而常常遭到否定的评价。这种判断是错误的，其后果可能是灾难性的。就算许多选民投一位候选人的票完全是出于政治原因，但本不该当选的人，如果他有整洁清秀的形象，就会使他在势均力敌的选举中占有优势。我们常常根据一个人的表达能力而做出轻率的判断。再回到政治这一话题上来，许多选民仅仅根据候选人公开演讲的方式就对他的能力做出判断。然而，一个候选人可能非常善于演说，但并不一定能胜任他所竞选的职位。我认识许多才能杰出的人物，他们只是没有培养自己在公开场合演讲的能力，但在与别人一对一的交流中却表现极为出色。这种能充分表达自己见解的能力，固然十分重要，但我们对于那些让人感觉善于辞令的人，往往产生错误的印象，因为很多情况下这种优点仅仅只是“表面现象”。不难想象，一位外表整洁清秀、讲话娓娓动听的政治家会轻而易举地战胜一位不事张扬但更为合格的对手。他之所以取胜仅仅是因为他的形象令人信服。 B. If you want a winning image with others, your first concern must be a winning self-image. The individual who has a losing self-image will never be able to project a winning image to others. He may be able to fool some people for a while, but his poor self-image will eventually make it impossible for him to relate favorably to others. Throughout the ages, great philosophers have stated, “You are what you think you are.”It is imperative for you to have good image of yourself if you want to create the same impression in others. No matter who you are, everything worthwhile will depend on your own self-image. Your happiness will be based on it. You will live only one life, and in order to enjoy it, you must have a winning self-image. Since we can all choose how we want to think ourselves, we should try to have positive, winning thoughts. In your own attempt to build a winning image you must begin with the self —otherwise, the image you strive for will be supported by nothing but a sand foundation. Any athlete will tell you that you must know you’re a winner in order to be one. To many, this kind of message will sound like double-talk, but it contains an essential truth. Although you can apply this same message to anything in life, I will use athletics as the basis for illustrating my thoughts about self-images because sports involve physical exertion by which desired results can be achieved. ②学习艺术的过程可以很方便地分为两个部分：一是精通理论；二是善于实践。如果我想学习医学，我必须首先了解人体结构和各种疾病。当我具有了这些理论知识以后，我并不能胜任医学工作。只有经过大量的实践，我才能掌握这门学科，直到最终我把所掌握的理论知识和实践收获结合起来，并融合为一体——即成为我的直觉知识，这才是掌握任何一门学科的本质。然而，除学习理论和实践以外，在任何一门学科上想成为专家还必需有第三个因素——那就是，掌握这门艺术是你最关心的事情，在这个世界上肯定没有比这门学科更为重要的东西了。这一点适用于音乐、医学、木工——也适合于爱情。这也可能正是问题的答案所在：为什么在我们的文化中人们即使已遭遇显而易见的失败，但人们很少去尝试学习爱这门艺术。虽然人们内心深藏着爱，但他们几乎把所有其他的东西如成功、名誉、金钱、权力都视为比爱更重要，几乎把所有的精力都用来学习如何实现这些目标了，几乎没有人去学习爱这门艺术。只有那些能赢得金钱和荣誉的东西才值得学习，而爱只是一件我们无权为之浪费许多精力的奢侈品，它只能使心灵获益、而毫无现代意义上的好处可言。难道果真如此吗？B. Intimacy, passion, and commitment are the warm, hot, and cold vertices of Sternberg’s love triangle. Alone and in combination they give rise to eight possible kinds of love relationships. The first is nonlove—absence of all three components. This describes the large majority of our personal relationships, which are simply causal interactions. The second kind of love is liking. “If you just have intimacy”, Sternberg explains, “that’s liking. You can talk to the person, tell about your life. And if that’s all there’s to it, that’s what we mean by liking.”It refers to the feelings experienced in true friendships. Liking includes such feelings as closeness and warmth but not the intense feelings of passion or commitment. If you just have passion, it’s called infatuated love—“love at first sight”that can arise almost instantaneously and dissipate just as quickly. It
Unit One Task 1 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B Task 2 1.public(c) 2.discipline(b) 3.strength(a) 4.reference(a) 5.strength(d) 6.public(a) 7.demonstrated(b) 8.discipline(c) 9.references(c) 10.personality(a) 11.discipllining(d) 12.demonstrates(a) 13.public(d) 14.reference(b) 15.personality(c) Task 3 1.employment 2.paid 3.adjust 4.setting 5.discouraged 6.credit 7.cite 8.demonstrate 9.teamwork 10.rules Unit Two Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C Task 2 1. bud (n.); budding (adj.) 2. access (n.); access (v.) 3. taste (n.);tasted (v.) 4. fool (n.); fooling (v.) 5. produces (v.); produce (n.) 6. garnish (v.); garnishes (n.) 7. reigns (v.); reign (n.) 8. concern (n.); concerned (v.) 9. named (v.); name (n.) 10. practiced (v.); practice (n.) Task 3 1) integration 2) choice 3) handed 4) aspiring 5) steaming 6) masterpieces 7) pleasure 8) partake 9) amazing 10) presented Unit Three Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A Task 2 1. stack up against 2. struck a chord 3. amounted to 4. chopping off 5. appeal to 6. pick up on 7. turned out 8. fade away 9. brought together 10. pulled off 11. thrust upon 12. be kept clear of Task 3 1) swirling 2) delivered 3) glowed 4) intervals 5) converge 6) wanderings 7) navigate 8) jealousy 9) presence 10) absorbed Unit Four Task 1 1.A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. C Task 2 1. maintained (a) 2. romantic (a)
新世纪大学英语第二版综合教程一英语课后翻译主编秦秀 白蒋静仪 Translation in Unit1 (1)法官要求记者不要公开受害人的姓名。(disclose) The judge asked the reporters not to disclose the name of the victim. (2)老师费尽苦心务必使我们全都理解他的话，(take pains to do sth) The teacher took pains to make sure that we all understood what he said. (3)最近学校在学业优秀的学生中进行了一项调查。(conduct， attain) Recently the school conducted a survey among those students who have attained academic excellence. (4)他说他要接受这份工作，我们要求他写封信证实。(confirm) He said he would accept the job, so we have asked him to confirm his acceptance by writing us a letter. (5)乔治学习很努力，他要尽量利用学习的机会。(make the most of) George studies very hard. He wants to make the most of his chance to learn. (6)我们不能去。第一，天气太冷。另外，我们正忙着。(to begin with) We can’t go. To begin with, it’s too cold. Besides, we’re busy. (7)该是有人公开讲清楚这些基本事实的时候了。(speak up) It’s about time that someone spoke up for these basic truths/facts. (8)此时此刻你应该工作而不该在床上躺着。(instead of) You should be working instead of lying there in bed at this time of the day. (9)他发言时，我要记些笔记。(jot down)
LESSON 1 1.因为英语是个杀手,正是英语造成了坎伯兰语,康沃尔语,诺恩语和马恩语等语言的消亡.在这 些岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言.然而,英语在日常生活中无处不在.所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语.英语对现存的凯尔特语:爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，它们的未来岌岌可危。 2.同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（和种族歧、,性别歧视的情况类似"）的偏见密 切相关。在菲利普森看来，在以白人英语为主导的世界，最重要的机构和个人（有意或无意地）鼓励或者至少是容忍了（肯定没有反对）英语霸权主义式的传播。这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。 3.总的来说，我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看作有利的语言。在谈到与之相关的文化及其为 世界所做的贡献时，我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏，而且这样做也没有太大的风险，因为这些语言现在已不会构成什么威胁。 4.然而，许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。在此，我暂且不谈任何世界语言所具有的明显优势， 例如广泛的通信网，强大的文化传媒体系，及强有力的文化教育机构。 5.讲英语的南非英国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权，而黑人反对力量，其成员讲多种语言， 在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织。 6.这一象征表明这种世界通用语的使用者应充分发掘这一幸事为我们带来的好处， 同时尽可能避免招来灾难。 LESSON 2 1.年初布什总统签署了一项《不让一个孩子落后》的重大法案,誓言要把“困在那些教学质量不佳又不进行改革的学校里的孩子”解救出来.2007 年7月1日美国教育部宣布有8652所学校被列 为“长期教学质量低下”的学校,现在这些学校中的学生必须在今后的几天内考虑决定他们是否 要转学, 同时各个学区也在忙着为符合转学条件的学生提供帮助和服务以抓住选择的机会。 ２.对于那些在教学改革旋涡中挣扎的学校的校长、老师和学生来说，这一法案的直接后果则是迷惑与混乱。他们认为该法案制订的教学改革标准太高而又没有说明各学区如何达到这些标准。３.我们必须对公众负责，不过我们必须研究所有衡量指标。 ４.一所学校连续两年在州水平考试中没有表现出“足够的年度改进”就会被认为是不合格的学校，但是联邦教育部并没有提供一个具有权威性的不合格学校的名单让学生家长作为参考，而是要求各州各自确定不合格学校的名单，并且要求他们把学生的考试成绩按照学生的种族和家庭收入进行分类。新法案还规定各州要公布便于学生和家长查找的不合格学校的名单，但是没有几个州能很快拿出来。 ５.教育部次长，前宾夕法尼亚州学校总监Eugene Hickok 也承认“该法案的实施可能会引起一些混乱”，但是他又说各州也不应为此而大惊小怪。教育部长Rod Paige 已经向各学区主管人士就有关改革事宜做了扼要指示并通报了全国。他说，即使在如纽约和芝加哥这样的大城市“接收择校生比较困难”，但“法律就是法律”。 ６.Wooten 说，“人很容易放弃自我，而去赶别人的潮流，但正如其他的美国人一样，我们都有成功的机会。我们为什么不开创自己的潮流呢？” LESSON ４ １.无论作为法定婚姻的前奏还是其替代品，同居现象的频繁出现都进一步弱化了婚姻区别于其他结合形式的独立特征。不管怎样，所有这些打破传统的结合方式一直以来都是建立在亚当一夏娃模式的异性恋基础之上的。 ２.有报告说曾发生过外星人为了做繁衍后代实验而绑架地球人的事件，但不论这些报道是否只是人们的幻觉，地球人探索宇宙寻找外星人却是事实。
UNIT1 1. His dream of becoming a football star faded out as time went by. 2. A Boeing 747 aircraft didn't gain enough height to climb the mountain. In a twinkling, it crash into the mountain and blew up .No one survived in the accident. 3. Students have easy access to the resource in the library, so they are supposed to make the best of it. 4. Titanic, the most luxurious ship in the world at the time, hit an iceberg when she was under the way to the US. Consequently, the ship sank into Atlantic Ocean and thousands of people died in this shipwreck. 5. Every summer, all the tourists pour into this famous beach, they packed like sardines on the beach to enjoy the sunshine. 6. They have been to St.Louis once and have a vague general knowledge of its wonders, but the day of their glory was over now, they lapsed into a humble silence and learn to disappear when the ruthless engineer approached. Unit 2 1. Some cyber gurus claim that internet will prevent wars reduce pollution and combat various of inequality. 2. Although, internet can undeniable fosters communication, it will not put an end to wars. Since wars are by no means cause by the failure of different people to understand each other equality. 3. The internet can help reduce energy consumption and pollution, only if doing things online replace real-world activities. 4. The poor are not shunning the internet because they cannot afford it the problem is that they lack the skills to exploit it efficiently, therefore, it make more sense to improve universal literacy than universal. 5. Thanks to internet, income inequality between people doing similar jobs in different countries has been reduced. However, the inequality between information works in poor countries and their poorest compatriots has been increased. 6. If human nature remains stubbornly unchanged, despite the claims of the techno-prophets, humanity cannot simply invent away it UNTT 3 1. Many studies indicate that desert air is so dry that it contains any moisture. 2. Although the children form age 5 to 16 must go to school in Britain according to the laws, about 1% of the children still can not read when they have primary school. 3. After heared the news, I knew I fell restless again within a fortnight. 4. We think unanimously to answer the question, we must look more closely at the faces. 5. Though out the world, government at all levels are taking effectively measures to prevent environment pollution. 6. Some people think that the objective items, such as multiple choices, should be used for an examination, others do not agree, because they believe that this kind test has some bad effect on students leaning.
研究生（英语）课后部分翻译答案 1. “一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’！这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。 “Business happens 24/7/365, which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well,” says Haut. “One way that companies win is by getting …there? faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move quickly, but you have to know how to decide where …there? is! This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions. This needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management.”（第一章 P29 第一段） 2. 最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼的律师们来说，当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时，便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。 Lastly, professional status encompasses adherence to ethical standards. Most lawyers find self worth in setting an example—both within the profession and within the larger society—as ethical actors. When management affirms the special respect due to lawyers who act with the utmost integrity and civility in all of their professional dealings, it provides yet another form of compensation.（第一章 P29 第二段） 3. 最近的调查显示越来越多的人抱怨饭菜质量平平，价格昂贵，而法国烹饪的衰落还不止于此。这在法国可不是个小问题，要知道2002年美食旅游为法国创收180 亿欧元，占到全部旅游收入的1/4。越来越多的餐馆老板反映政府的税收和经济政策限制了他们的利润，也就影响了他们投资和雇佣更多人手的能力。束缚他们手脚的是令法国不那么光彩的繁琐拖拉的公事程序，更不要说那些来自欧盟的规定，从销售税到布里乳酪里含细菌的指标统统都在严格的掌控之中。 The decline goes well beyond recent surveys that show growing complaints about mediocre quality and high prices—no small concern in a country where tourisme gastronomique earned 18 billion euros in 2002, a quarter of all tourist revenues. More and more restaurateurs say that government tax and economic policies are limiting their profits, and thereby hurting their capacity to invest and hire more staff. They have become ensnarred in the red tape for which France is infamous—not to mention edicts from Brussels that affect everything from sales taxes to the bacteria in the Brie.（第二章 P59 第一段） 4. 浙江菜口味清淡，精致玲珑，是长江下游区域菜肴的代表。西湖醋鱼是其中的一道名菜。这道菜鲜美，酥嫩，带着自然的清香。中国乃至世界各地的中餐馆大都能找得到这道菜，但口味往往不及在浙江杭州吃得那般纯正。因为只有杭州拥有来自西湖的鱼和水。 Zhejiang cuisine is light and exquisite, and is typical of food from along the lower Yangtze River. One famous dish is West Lake Vinegar Fish, which looks pretty and has the delicate refreshing flavors of nature. Many Chinese restaurants in China, as well as other parts of the world, serve this dish, but often the flavor is less authentic compared to that found in Hangzhou, capital of Zhejiang Province, which has unique access to the fish and water of West Lake.（第二章 P59 第二段） 5. 不管如何解释，工作与生活的平衡总是欧洲人的主要谈资，同时也是智囊团和政策制定者研究和考虑的主题。在美国，人们使用这个说法时总是带着几分针对那些吃蛋奶火腿馅饼的有闲人士才会表现出来的冷嘲热讽的态度。但是，它可能还是会流行起来的。时任《纽约时报》执行主编的比尔?凯勒曾鼓励员工们要给生活增加一些色彩，多陪陪家人或去欣赏艺术。 Whatever the explanation, the idea of a work-life balance is a staple of European discourse, studied
1 大学课堂：还有人在听吗？ 12.The lecture system ultimately harms professors as well. It reduces feedback to a minimum, so that the lecturer can neither judge how well students understand the material nor benefit from their questions or comments. Questions that require the speaker to clarify obscure points and comments that challenge sloppily constructed arguments are indispensable to scholarship. Without them, the liveliest mind can atrophy. Undergraduates may not be able to make telling contributions very often, but lecturing insulates a professor even from the beginner’s na?ve question that could have triggered a fruitful line of thought. 讲课制度最终也会危害到教授们。反馈减少到了最低点，因此讲课者既不能判断学生对材料的了解程度，也不能受益于学生的提问或评论。学生要求说话者澄清模糊论点所提出的问题，以及挑战结构松散的论据的评论，这对于学术是必不可少的。没有这些，最活跃的头脑也会萎缩。大学生也许还不能够常常做出显著的贡献，但是讲课把教授同新生天真的问题阻隔开了，而这些问题很可能会引起一系列思考。 14.Smaller classes in which students are required to involve themselves in discussion put an end to students’ passivity. Students become actively involved when forced to question their own ideas as well as their instructor’s. their listening skills improve dramatically in the excitement of intellectual give-and-take with their instructors and yellow students. Such interchanges help professors do their job better because they allow them to discover who knows what—before final exams, not after. When exams are given in this type of course, they can require analysis and synthesis from the students, not empty memorization. Classes like this require energy, imagination, and commitment from professors, all of which can be exhausting. But they compel students to share responsibility for their own intellectual growth. 如果班级较小又要求学生参加讨论，这就会消除学生的被动性。学生被迫对他们自己和老师的思想表示怀疑时，他们就变得主动参与了。他们听的技巧在与老师和同学的学术交流所带来的刺激中大大得到提高。这种交替互动能够帮助教师做得更好，因为他们会发现谁知道什么---在期末考试前，而不是之后。这种形式的课程考试要求学生分析和综合，而不是空洞的记忆。这样的课程需要教授们的活力、想象力和投入，所有这些都会令人精疲力竭的。但是，这也使得学生为他们自己的学术成长分担责任。 2 家与旅行 第二段 13、Taken altogether, the things that mattered a great deal to me when I was a child are very few when I compare them to the overloaded tables and overcrowded shelves through which children today have to thread their way. Only if they are very fortunate will they be able to weave together into memories the ill-assorted mass of gadgets, toys, and easily forgotten objects, objects without a past or a future, and piles of snapshots that will be replaced by new, brightly colored snapshots next year. 现在的孩子书桌和书架上都堆满了东西。和他们比起来，童年时对我有意义的东西加在一起也没有几件。但是只有当他们非常幸运的时候，他们记忆中才有可能出现那些杂乱无章
U1 What I didn’t count on was that over time I would sincerely take pride in being a social worker. 我不曾想到，随着时间的流逝，我果真以身为社工而自豪 Shooting a quick look at the clock on the wall, Grandma let out a cry, “Oh, My dear，we’re going to miss the train!” 奶奶迅速瞥了一眼墙上的时钟，发出一声惊呼：天呐，我们要赶不上火车了 At the kindergarten entrance, I always see some kids holding firmly on to their parents. Should young parents be sterner towards their kids and leave immediately under these circumstances? 我总在幼儿园门口看到一些孩子抓住父母不让走，请问在这种情况下，年轻的父母是否得对孩子严厉些，赶紧离开 In the dim street light stood a weeping little girl/ a girl weeping. 昏暗的路灯下站着一个哭泣的小女孩 When making donations, rich people should be as considerate as possible in order not to put the recipient in an embarrassing situation. 富人捐款时要尽量考虑周全，不要让受赠者陷入难堪境地 Since last month, my work has been revolving around the routine office duties, so now I am counting the days until the National Day comes, when my friends and I are going hiking in the countryside. 从上个月起，我的工作就是围绕日常办公事务转，所以现在每天掰着手指算什么时候才到国庆节，我和朋友要去乡下远足。 1).无论是友情还是爱情，你都不可能期待自己付出最少而得到最多。（maximum） In either friendship or love, you should never expect to take the maximun while you give the minimum. 2) 我把全部希望寄托在他的承诺上，结果却发现他根本不是个真诚的人。 I built all my hopes on his promise(s), only to find that he was not a man of sincerity at all. 3)我们带母亲去了所有我们能找到的最好的医院，但一切努力都是徒劳的，母亲还是没能熬过那次疾病。（in vain） We took Mother to all the best hospitals we could find, but all our efforts were in vain; she failed to survive the disease. 4) 情人节（Valentine’s Day）是个一年一度在2月14日庆祝的节日，一个向自己心仪的对象表达爱意的好日子。（affection） Valentine’s Day is an annual holiday celebrated on February 14, a perfect day to express love to the object of your affection. 5)在信息时代，通过电子邮件方式跟远方的朋友交流几乎可以是同步的（simultaneous）（era；via） In the information era, communications with far-away friends via e-mail can be almost simultaneous. . (6)爱情需要培养，我们梦想拥有“永恒的爱情”只有在双方学会欣赏对方，包容对方之后才可能缔造 Love needs to be nurtured and eternal love that we all dream to have is not forged until we learn to appreciate and tolerate the other the other’s company and learned to appreciate the other.