一对一个性化学科优化学案
一、概述 在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、表语、同位语、宾语的从句叫名词性从句。因此，我们把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。 It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (主语从句)
The trouble is that she has lost his address.（表语从句）
They have no idea at all where he has gone.（同位语从句）
Do you remember how he came?（宾语从句）
二、主语从句(subject clauses)
1、概述
在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的词有从属连词、关系代词、连接副词等。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词that 、whether ，关系代词：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever ；关系副词：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever 等。 That you don’t like him is none of my business.
What he said is true.
Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather.
2、从属连词that ，whether 引导的主语从句。
从属连词that ，whether 在主语从句中的作用只是引导主语从句，它们在从句中不担任成分，不能省略。
Whether she will come or not is still a question. That they will go is certain.
Whether she's coming or not doesn't matter too much.
3、it 作形式主语引导主语从句。
如果主语从句太长，为避免句子结构头重脚轻，我们可用it 作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后。That 引导的主语从句可用it 代替，that 不可省略。
用作it 作形式主语的结构：
（1）It is/was +形容词+that 从句
It ’s natural that … 很自然…… It ’s obvious that … 显而易见……
（2）It is/was +名词+that 从句
It ’s a pity that … 遗憾的是…… It ’s a fact that …事实是……
鹰击长空—基础不丢
（3）It +不及物动词+that 从句
It seems that…似乎……It turns out that…结果……
（4）It is/was +过去分词+that 从句
It’s reported that…据报道……It’s believed that…据认为……
It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.
It's strange that he didn't come yesterday.
4、由关系代词引导的主语从句。
关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等，引导主语从句时，它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语或定语，不能省略。
Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
What you have done might do harm to other people.
What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
Who made the long distance call is not important.
5、关系副词引导的主语从句。
连接副词有when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等引导主语从句时，它们在从句中担任状语，不能省略。此类主语从句可以转换为以it作形式主语的句子。
Why he didn't come here is not clear to anyone.
Where she has gone is not known yet.
When they will start has not been decided yet.
三、表语从句
1、概述
用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、as though(if)；关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。That引导表语从句时，在口语中可以省略。
The trouble is that we are short of money.
That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.
At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow.
2、由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句。
that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question(问题)，result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。
The trouble is (that) she has lost his money.
The question is whether we need more ice cream
3、由关系代词引导的表语从句。
关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略。
The question is which of us should go.
The problem was who could do the work.
That's what he is worrying about.
4、由关系副词引导的表语从句。
Go and get your coat. It's where you left it.
That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.
5、由连词because，as if/as though等引导的表语从句。
It looked as if it was going to snow.
That's because we never thought of it.
四、同位语从句
1、概述
用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在抽象名词fact，idea，news，belief，thought，truth，doubt，suggestion，instruction，reason，question等之后，对这些名词进行说明或解释。引导同位语从句的词除连词that，whether外，还有关系代词what, which, who, 以及关系副词how，when，where，why等。
It is a fact that smoking is a danger to health.
I have no idea what you mean.
2、由从属连词that，whether引导的同位语从句。
Information has been put forward that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
I didn't receive the news that the meeting had been put off.我没有听到会议被推迟的消息。
3、由关系代词引导的同位语从句。
The question who should be the first has not been settled.
You can have no idea what he said.
4、由关系副词引导的同位语从句。
I have no idea when he will be back.
They usually write exact instructions how the music is to be played.
五、宾语从句(object clauses)
1、概述
用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同。宾语从句可以由从属连词that whether、if，关系代词what, who, whose, which和关系副词when、where、how、why等引导。
He said he wanted to go to town.
I hope you'll be better soon.
He asked me whether she was coming.
2、作动词宾语
（1）由从属连词that引导的宾语从句。that引导宾语从句时，只起引导词作用，在句中不做成分，在口语和非正式文体中常省去。
I think (that) he'll be right in a few days.
I wish （that）she would understand me.
（2）由关系代词what, who, whose, which引导的宾语从句，在句中作成分，即主语、宾语、表语和定语，关系代词在句中不能省略。
A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do．
Do you know whom they are waiting for?
He asked whose dictionary it was.
He can't tell which method they will use for the experiment.
（3）关系副词when，where，how，why等引导宾语从句。
关系副词when，where，how，why 既有疑问意义，又起连接作用，而且在宾语从句中充当各种状语，分别表时间、地点、方式、原因。在句中不能省略。
Please tell me when we shall discuss our plan.
I don't know where we are going to have the meeting.
Will you tell me how I can get to the station？
Do you know why he said that?
（4）由从属连词whether或if引导的宾语从句。
I don't know whether (if) you are willing to help me.我不知道你是否愿意帮我。
（5）动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。
动词如：advise, ask, inform, promise, question, remind, show, teach, tell, warn等，宾语从句前可以有一个间接宾语，这个宾语有时可以省略，有的不能省略。
He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal. (me不可省略)
She promised (us) that she would give us more help later on. (us可省略)
3、作介词宾语
It depends on whether he is coming or not.
I was curious as to what we could do next.
4、作形容词宾语。
No one can be sure what man will look like in a million years．
I am not certain whether I have met him before.
5、it充当形式宾语，真正的宾语---宾语从句后置。
正如我们常用it充当形式主语代替主语从句一样，我们也常用it用作形式宾语代替宾语从句，把真正的宾语从句后置。在这种结构中that不可省略。有下列几种情况：
（1）在believe, consider, declare, estimate, fancy, feel, find, guess, hear, imagine, know, make, prove, reckon, think, understand等动词接复合宾语（宾语＋宾补）时，要用it作形式宾语。We find it difficult that we should finish the work on time．
She thinks it wrong that he didn't answer the phone．
（2）用于“动词+宾语+介词短语”的句型中。
Keep it in mind that you have to be home by ten o’clock.
We took it for granted that he would come.
6、否定转移
如果主句的谓语动词是“think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等，主语是第一人称的一般现在时态，其后的宾语从句如含有否定意义，一定要把否定词移到主句谓语上，从句谓语动词用肯定形式。
I don’t think he can do it better than me.
I don’t believe he treated the child like that.
7、时态的呼应与语序。
在宾语从句中只能用陈述句语序，时态呼应上要遵循以下三条原则：
（1）如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，宾语从句的谓语可根据意思的需要使用任何一种时态。
Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold ring？
They have no idea at all where he has gone．
（2）如果主句谓语是一般过去时，宾语从句要用表示过去的某一时态。
He said he would come to see us the next day.
I wanted to know whether he had been to Beijing.
（3）如果宾语从句是表示客观事实、真理等，不管主句是什么时态，宾语从句一律用一般现在时。
Dick asked Lucy how old she is．
The teacher said the sun rises in the east．
六、高考考点
考点(1)引导名词性从句的连接词
1. 常见的连接词如下：
①that。that从句为一个句意完整的陈述句，that 不能省略，没有具体的汉语意思，不
充当句子成分。
② whether。whether从句来源于一般疑问句，whether不能省略，意为“是否”。
注意：if 只可以连接动词(discuss除外)后的宾语从句。即：确定意思是“是否”的前提下，名词性从句的连接词优先选用whether。
③特殊疑问词。特殊疑问词引导的从句来源于特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词不能省略，意思为特殊疑问词本来的意思，在从句中充当句子成分。
2．名词性从句中难点、重点的连接词：
① where 可表示抽象意义，“……的地方，……点”；when 可表示“……的时候”。
② what 引导名词性从句时，可视上下文理解为the ＋名词＋that…如：what＝the thing that/anything that…；what＝the place that…；what＝the time that…；what＝the person that…
固定句型：A is to B what C is to D
小结：名词性从句不完整时，如缺主语、宾语、表语时，用what引导。
③whoever 引导名词性从句时，whoever＝anybody who…
whatever引导名词性从句时，whatever＝anything that…
whichever 引导名词性从句时，whichever＝any＋名词＋that…
Whoever (＝Anybody who) breaks the law will be punished.
考点(2)名词性从句中的语气
①在It is necessary/natural/important/strange…＋that从句中，从句中的谓语动词用“should ＋原形动词”表虚拟语气，且should可省略。
②表示“建议、命令、要求”意义的动词，后接that从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should＋原形动词”，且should可省略。
③表示“建议、要求、命令、想法”意义的名词，后接that从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。这类名词有：advice，command，decision，demand, determination，order，preference，proposal，request，requirement等。
考点(3)名词性从句中的时态
主句时态为过去时，从句时态为过去的某一时态；主句时态为现在时或将来时，从句时态视具体情况而定。
考点(4) 形式主语和形式宾语it
主语从句作句子主语，为平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻，用it 作形式主语；同理，宾语从句作宾语，为平衡句子结构，避免句子中间臃肿，用it 作形式宾语，使句子瘦身。it 所代替的真正的主语从句或宾语从句则放在句子的最后面。
考点(5)引导词that与what的区别
what既有引导主语从句的作用，同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)，这时what相当于all that/everything that等，常译成“所……的(东西、事情、话等)”；而that只起连接作用，本身无实际意义，在从句中也不充当任何句子成分，但that引导的主语从句放在句首时，不能省略that。如：
What we can't get seems better than what we have.
That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true.
1. ________________(令球迷欣喜的)was that the young player performed extremely well in the table tennis tournament. (delight)
2. The news ____________(房价将要下跌)has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices. (fall)
3. When the news came_________________, he decided to serve in the army. (break) 当战争爆发的消息传来, 他决定去参军.
4. ________________by one company doesn't necessarily mean that you have no way out to support yourself. (lay)
你被一个公司解雇并不一定意味着你没有出路来养活你自己.
1. __________________________ ought to turn off the lights. (whoever)
最后离开房间的人应该关灯。
2. It is still unknown _______________________________ to visit her sick father. (set) 她是否能省出点时间去看望她生病的父亲还不清楚。
3. It will make a difference if we realize ____________________ to live life to the fullest. (important)
如果我们意识到充实生活是多么重要的话就会有所作为。
4. ______________________________ is that they are all independent. (common) 他们所拥有的共同之处是他们都很独立。
5. ________________________________ is that it offers more personal services. (what) 使这家商店不同的是它提供了更多的个人服务。
6. Language experts hold the view ______________________________ the development of language. (influence)
语言专家认为网络语言对语言的发展有很大的影响。
7. Tom, don’t you reali ze that is _______________________? (be)
汤姆，难道你没有意识到这就是你的错误所在吗？
8. Water, which seems so simple and common is ________________________. (make) 看似简单而普通的水却是使生命成为可能的东西。
突飞猛进—过手训练
可以攻玉—经典例题
9. After decoration, our classroom is not ___________________________. (what)
装修后，我们的教室不再和过去一样。
10. Mary wrote an article on ______________________ to win the game. (fail)
玛丽写了篇关于我们这场比赛没有赢的原因的文章。
11. These wild flowers are so special that I will do _______________ . (save)
这些野花如此特别,我将竭尽所能地去挽救他们。
12. Choosing the right dictionary depends on __________________. (what)
正确地选择字典取决于你要用它做什么。
6. We’ll never know ________________________ for us in the ten years to come. (what)
我们永远不会知道在即将到来的10后年我们的生活会发生什么。
7. He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning ____________________.(what)
他自豪地说出他在比赛中发挥的作用却没有提他的队友们所做的。
8. That morning Jim asked me ___________________________ with my parents the night before. (argue)
那天上午吉姆问我, 我和父母在前一天晚上争论什么。
9. To get a full appreciation of________________ we must turn first to some recent human inventions, (mean)
要透彻理解这句话的意义，我们应先回顾一下人类最近的几项发明。
10. ______________________as men has been proved by a study. (word)
女性用的词汇是男性的两倍，这已经得到了一个研究的证实。
11. Smart phones enable workers to keep in contact in______________ impractical before.(think)
智能手机让上班族们有更多他们以前认为是不现实的方式保持联系。
12. A great sense of balance is to stand on a Swiss Ball. (take)
站在瑞士球上需要很好的平衡感。
13. The stability of a society depends on the extremes of human behavior.（respond）一个社会的稳定取决于该社会对人们的极端如何作出回应。
14. is that the continue presence of water allows the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. (believe)
很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。
15. You can hardly imagine ____________ in such a short time! (progress)
你简直难以想象他在这么短的时间内取得了多么大的进步！
16. Stop dreaming up getting and get down to your work, (belong)
不要幻想得到不属于你的东西，赶紧开始干活吧。
17. I was close to being killed the other day when a car passed me at _______________________. (dangerous)
前天，当一辆小车以我认为危险的速度开过时，我差一点被撞死了。
18. I was about to give up when an idea I could work with my
roommate Tim. (occur)
正打算放弃时，我突然想到我可以和我的室友Tim一块干。
19. ________________about the city was its traditional culture and morden architecture.(impress) 这个城市给我们印象最深的是她的传统文化和现代建筑风格。
20. It has been announced that _____________________ in the exam will be graded zero. (catch) 已经宣布任何在考试中被抓住作弊的人将被记零分。
21. ________________________________to the conference surprised us, since he was an important figure in this field after all. (invite)
他没有被邀请参加会议很让我们吃惊，毕竟他是这一行业的重要人物。
22.__________________________ is that they are both good at math but weak in English. (common)
他们的共同点是他俩都擅长数学但英语薄弱。
23. Building a well-being and harmonious society is_________________________. (struggle)
我们一直努力奋斗的就是建设一个和谐的小康社会。
Before the 17th century, most of the native English speakers lived in England. After the 17th century, British people began to move to other ___66___ (country). Gradually, English was spoken there. At present ___67___ (many) people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before. ___68___ (luck), native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English. English ___69___ (change) and developed when cultures met and communicated with each other over the past centuries. The English ___70___ (speak) in England between about AD450 and 1150 was very different ___71___ the modern English we speak today. It was the new settlers that enriched the English language and ___72___ (especial) its vocabulary. The English language was settled by the 19th century ___73___ two big changes in English spelling happened. English now is also spoken as a foreign ___74___second language in South Asia. China may have the ___75___ (large) number of English learners. 66.countries 【答案】countryother修饰用复数形式，指其他的国家。故是可数名词，此处由【解析】考查名词。countries. 填67. more 【答案】than ever before可知含有和以前比较的意思，要用比较级考查比较级。根据句中的【解析】more. 表示更多的人，故填68. Luckily 【答案】“”Luckily. ，故填【解析】考查副词。此处单独使用作状语要用副词形式，指幸运的是69. has changed 【答案】over the past centuries可知与现在完成时连用，主【解析】考查时态。根据句意和时间状语has changed. 语是单数，故填70. spoken 【答案】Englishspeak是被动关系，此处是过去分词作定语，故填和动词【解析】考查过去分词。． spoken. 71. from 【答案】be different from“…”from. ，是固定短语。故填和【解析】考查固定短语。不同72. especially 【答案】especial“”especially“”。特殊的，特别的是副词是形容词；尤其，特别【解析】考查副词。“”especially. ，故填尤其，特别此处指新的定居者丰富了英语，尤其是它的词汇。表示73. when 【答案】“…”，从句时态是过去时，故填当【解析】考查连词。此处引导时间状语从句，表示时候when. 74. or 【答案】or. 【解析】考查连词。此处表示选择，指作为第一语言或第二语言被说，故填 75. largest 【答案】【解析】考查形容词最高级。因为中国人口最多所以说英语的人也最多，此处由the修饰用 I had just visited my best friend in hospital with my mum,___41___hadn't seen my friend since she'd gone into hospital six months earlier. I knew where she was coming from as she was___42___(grave)ill, but as I'd been visiting her every week I had stopped seeing the obvious; my friend___43___(lose)most of her body weight
英语语法：名词性从句语法讲解 时间：2016-10-08作者：来源：精品学习网 笔者在此就名词性从句中的几大易错点进行分析，希望对同学们有所帮助。 [关系代词和关系副词的误用] 例1 （2016·全国卷Ⅰ） My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. 解析 that→where。本题考查宾语从句，引导词在从句中充当地点状语，所以将that改为where。 例2 （2015·全国卷Ⅱ） As natural architects， the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 解析 how。根据语境和空后的形容词thick可知应用how引导宾语从句，此处表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墙需要“多”厚。故答案为how。 点拨若从句缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则考虑用关系代词；若从句缺少时间、地点、原因、方式等状语成分，则使用关系副词 （when/where/why/how）。 [if和whether的误用] 例3 He asked her the question if they can be friends. 解析 if→whether。question后为同位语从句，只能用whether来引导，故而将if改为whether。 例4 It doesn’t matter so much you will come or not. 解析考查主语从句。句意：你来还是不来，这不怎么重要。代词it作形式主语，真正的主语是whether引导的主语从句。 点拨在表达“是否”这一意思时，我们经常会用到whether和if，但以下几种情况只用whether不用if： 1. 在表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句中； 2. 在介词后的宾语从句中。如：It all depends on whether they will
【英语】英语名词性从句解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案) 一、初中英语名词性从句 1．_______ makes me feel worried is _______ singing stars are centered on by masses of teenagers today. A. What; what B. That; that C. What; that D. That; what 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：让我感到担忧的是，今天的歌星是以青少年为中心的。分析句子可知，主语从句中的谓语动词makes 缺少主语，主语从句中缺少宾语一般用what，因此选择 what 来引导主语从句；系动词 is 后面的表语从句句意完整，不缺少成分，因此选择 that 引导表语从句。分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句的应用。 2．________ is known to us all that the old scientist, for ________ life was hard in the past, still works hard in his eighties. A. As; whose B. It; whose C. As; whom D. It; whom 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：我们都知道，那位老科学家，过去生活很艰苦，到了八十多岁还在努力工作。第一空it is known to us all that…是个固定句型，意为“众所周知…”；第二空为介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，先行词the old scientist指人，作介词for的宾语，只能用whom，故选D。 【点评】考查名词性从句和定语从句，本题涉及固定句式it is known to us all that…和whom引导的限制性定语从句。 3．Some people believe _______ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. A. whatever B. whenever C. wherever D. no matter what 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：一些人认为之前发生的或现在正在发生的任何事情在将来都会重复发生。Whatever has happened before or is happening now是一个主语从句，whatever既引导起这个主语从句，也在句中做主语。BC项都属于副词的性质，都不能做主语，通常只能做状语；no matter what只能用来引导状语从句，故选A。 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及"特殊疑问词+ever"引导的主语从句。 4． is even more important is the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.
中考—名词性从句 主语从句 主语从句的语序 主语从句要求使用陈述句语序，而非一般疑问句语序。如： What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well. 使我感到惊讶的是这个小女孩的小提琴拉得太好了。 连接词的选用 （1）that和what的选用 that和what都可引导主语从句。what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当某些成分，可作从句的主语、宾语或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接词作用。如： What he wants is a book. 他想要的是一本书。 That light travels in straight lines is known to all. 众所周知，光线沿直线运行。（2）if和whether的选用 引导主语从句，不能用if，只能用whether。如： Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 我们明天是否在户外开晚会要看天气而定。 （3）其它连接代词和副词的选用 根据主语从句的具体意义，正确的选择who, which, when, where, why, how等连接词，这些连接词既有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。如： When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided. 我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。 Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear. 还不清楚昨天谁打破了玻璃。 Which car you will choose to buy makes no difference. 你决定买哪一辆车都不会有任何区别。 （4）whatever / whoever的功用 whatever, whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who。要注意和whatever, whoever引导的让步状语从句的区别。如： Whoever breaks the law should be punished. （主语从句）（＝Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. ） Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. （让步状语从句）（＝No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished. ） it构成的主语从句 （1）由连词that引导的主语从句，在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面，而用代词it作形式主语。谓语是seem, appear, be certain, be a pity, be a wonder, be one's hope, be likely等词或短语时。 It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun. 众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。 需要注意的是，it作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别。试比较：
高一英语语法填空专题练习 (10篇) （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 一 once there lived a rich man 31 wanted to do something for the people of his town. 32 first he wanted to find out whether they deserved his help. In the centre of the main road into the town, he placed 33 very large stone. Then he 34 (hide ) behind a tree and waited. Soon an old man came along with his cow.“Who put this stone in the centre of the road?” said the old man, but he did not try to remove the stone. Instead, with some difficulty he passed around the stone and continued on his way. 35 man came along and did the same thing; then another came ,and another. All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove 36 . Late in the afternoon a young man came along. He saw the stone, 37 (say) to himself: “The night 38 (be) very dark. Some neighbors will come along later in the dark and will fall against the stone.” Then he began to move the stone. He pushed and pulled with all his 39 (strong) to move it. How great was his surprise at last! 40 the stone, he found a bag of money. 二· Crying marriage? 31 (surprise), isn’t it? Factually, the custom of crying marriage existed a long time ago in many areas of Southwest China’s Sichuan Province, and 32 (remain) in fashion 33 the end of the Qing Dynasty. Though not so popular as before, the custom is still observed by people in many places, especially Tujia people, who view it as a 34 (necessary) to marriage procedure. It is very much 35 same in different places of the province. According to elderly people, every bride had to cry at the wedding. 36 , the bride’s neighbors would look down upon 37 as a poorly cultivated girl and she would become the laughingstock of the village. In fact, there were cases 38 which the bride was beaten by her mother for not crying at the wedding ceremony. In a word, crying at wedding is a 39 by custom to set off the happiness of the wedding through falsely sorrowful words. However, in the 40 (arrange) marriages of the old days of China, there were indeed quite a lot of brides who cried over their unsatisfactory marriage and even their miserable life. 三 In order to know a foreign language thoroughly, four things are neccessary. Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear ______31________spoken.. Secondly, we must be able to speak it correctly with confidence and without hesitation. _____32_______ ,we must be able to read the language , and fourthly, we must be able to write it. We must be able to make sentences that are grammatically correct. There is no easy way to success _____33_______ language learning. _____34________ good memory is of great help, but it is not enough only _____35________(memorize) rules from a grammar book. It is not much use learning by heart long list of words and ______36_________meaning, studying the dictionary
名词性从句 名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功同名词一样。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：
It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film. It doesn't interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that … 事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) it is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that… 很自然… It is strange that… 奇怪的是… (3) it is ＋不及物动词＋从句
It seems that… 似乎… It happened that… 碰巧… (4) it ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that… 据报道… It has been proved that… 已证实… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 (1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 (2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong)
人教版高中英语必修二 知识点梳理 重点题型（常考知识点）巩固练习 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 概念引入： He is a person who never gives up. 他是个永远不服输的人。 I found him in the woods, where has a well-known tree. (我是在树林里找到他的，那里有一棵很有名的树。) Our guide,(who was a Frenchman, ) was an excellent cook. 我们的导游是个很优秀的厨师，他是个法国人 She was not on the train which arrived just now。 她没在刚刚到达的那辆车上 语法点拨 什么是定语从句？ 修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。引导定语从句的关系词有： 关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that 关系副词：when, where, why 我们把下面两个句子组合成一个复合句： 1. This is our school. It is beautiful. →This is our school which is beautiful. 2. This is our school. We study in our school. →This is our school which we study in. →This is our school in which we study. →This is our school where we study. 3. Do you know the room? It is made of amber. →Do you know the room which is made of amber? 4. I have read the newspaper. It carries the important news. →I have read the newspaper which carries the important news. 从上述定语从句的组合我们可以看出： 先行词和关系词的关系：关系代词实际上是先行词的复指；关系词whose 实际上是先行词的所有格。 1. A plane is a machine that can fly. the machine = that 2. The boy who broke the window is called Wangkai. the boy =who 3. The boy whose parents are working outside was brought up by his grandfather. the boy’s =whose 【高一英语语法（二）定语从句（二）356521限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句】
名词性从句讲解 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化。分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面 1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题 2. 考查引导词that与what的区别 3. 考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法 4. 考查whether与if的区别 5. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别 6. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题 语法要点剖析 一、名词性从句 主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why 1. 主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如： What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。 It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下： （1）It + be + 名词+ that从句（2）It + be + 形容词+ that从句 （3）It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句（4）It + 不及物动词+ that 从句 另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that… It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that… 2. 宾语从句 名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。 1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句 由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如： He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。 We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。 注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如： I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。 The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。 2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。 例如：I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
高一英语语法填空专项练习 （一） 第二节语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分） Do you ever wonder why you yawn? Why do you open your mouth wide and take a deep breath? Well, a scientist at the University of Maryland is searching for the answer. Professor Robert Provine has been studying yawning for the past two years. But he says he still does not know 31 people yawn. In fact, no one seems to know much about it. Professor Provine’s students have helped him find out more about yawning. They agreed to 32 (watch) while sitting alone in small rooms. In the rooms, they watched television programs, or pictures of people yawning. Or they just sat and 33 (think) about yawning. Students also kept records of when they yawned throughout the day. The professor says he has learned 34 number of things from these experiments. He says yawning seems linked in some way to sleeping. His students yawned most just before sleeping or 35 waking from sleep. He also found that people yawn much when they are __36 (bore ) or not interested in what they are doing. Now, Professor Provine is planning future experiments to help him find the purpose of yawning. He said there is some evidence 37 yawning is linked to 38 (excite). Yawning is common among runners 39 (wait) to begin a race. It is also common among people waiting to make a speech. Professor Provine says he is most interested in learning why seeing someone yawn makes others yawn as well. He says almost anything connected with yawning can make people yawn. As a matter of fact, I found 40 yawning a lot as I prepared this report. I wonder if hearing it can make you yawn. If it does, excuse me, if you did yawn, write and tell me. 答案：31.why 32.be watched 33.thought 34.a 35.after 36. bored 37.that 38.excitement 39.waiting 40.myself （二） 第二节语法填空（共10小题; 每小题1.5分，满分15分） Traditional Chinese culture places much emphasis（重视）on food. Considered to be an important part of each day, __31 __(eat) is far beyond simply meeting a need. However, people are living in fast-paced society now, so they hardly have time to enjoy their food. They need fast food. That is _32_ China’s fast-food market expands. A foreign fast-food restaurant __33__（call）KFC arrived in China first, quickly followed by _34_ such as Pizza Hut and McDonald’s. __35__ the development of China, foreign fast-food chains are realizing high-speed __36__ (grow) in China. However, these “junk foods”have long been criticized by health experts because __37__ can’t provide balanced nutrition(营养). The experts also show that some foreign fast food contains a food colouring, Sudan I , __38___can cause cancer. In fact, China has many of its own traditional fast-food dishes. Among them, dumplings, soybean milk and noodles are __39__ most popular. Compared with foreign fast food, those traditional ones are healthier. __40__ many Chinese still enjoy the special taste and the good environment in the foreign fast-food chains even though there exist some potential（潜在的）risks. 第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填人一个适当的词或
名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。 引导名词性从句的词叫做连接词，包括： 1. 连词（在名词性从句中只起连接作用，不作成分）
2. 连接代词（在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或表语） 3. 连接副词（在名词性从句中作状语） 所有的名词性从句的语序都是陈述句语序。 主语从句：是在主句中作主语的从句。它由连接词引导，通常位于谓语动词之前。 连接词： 1. 连词：在从句中不充当任何成分，常见的引导主语从句的连词有that, whether。 That he got the first prize excited him much. 他获得一等奖一事使他非常兴奋。 It is doubtful whether we can get there on time. 我们能否按时到达那儿还不确定。 1）that引导的主语从句：在从句中不作任何成分，也没有实际意义。一般情况 下that不可省略。 That light travels in straight lines is known to all.
众所周知，光沿直线传播。 That you don't like him is none of my business. 你不喜欢他不关我的事。 2）whether引导的主语从句：常置于句首，表示“是否”之意； if一般不引导主语从句。 Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance. 他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。 Whether you can succeed or not depends on how hard you work at it.你能否成功取决于你努力的程度。 连接代词：在从句中起名词或代词的作用，常作从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语，有具体意义且不能省略。常见的连接代词有who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever。 What we should do with the problem is undecided. 我们如何处理这个问题还未作出决定。（what引导主语从句，不表疑问意
2019 年高中英语语法填空专题分类训练--形容词和副词（含 1. _____________________________ Do you know that there is (much) than one kind of English? 2. _________ Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has a __________ (high) IQ. 3.It was by far the _________ (tough) decision that I had made in my life. 4.My good performance in the job interview left me ________ (optimism) aboutmy future. 5.I find that very _________ (believe). 6.In that school, English is compulsory for all students, but French andRussian are ____________ (option). 7. __________________________ You can imagine how (terrible) shy I was at that momen—t with somany eyes fixed upon me. 8. M y aunt advised that I needed to go to hospital,and the treatment sheprovided gave my parents _______ (value)time to take me to the hospital. 9.Our conversation came to an end ________ (abrupt) when George burst into theroom. 10.The main purpose of Hong Kong Wetland Park is to promote green tourism aswell as education on _________ (environment) protection. 11.Jack is late again. It is _________ (type) of him to keep others waiting. 12.I 'm so _________ (gratitude) to all those volunteers because they helpedme out. 13.The baby was sleeping ________ (peace) in its cradle.