第1讲名词与主谓一致（要点透析）
名词
一、名词的数
在熟悉名词单数变复数规则的基础上，突出以下几点：
1. 注意以下名词数的概念
①以s结尾，仍为单数的名词(多为学科名词), 如：
physics, linguistics, mathematics, politics, statistics, news, the United States
②总称名词：表示一类事物的总称，不能加s，如：
machinery, furniture, equipment, technology, luggage, baggage, homework, evidence
③单数和复数形式表达不同的意思，如：
fish 鱼肉—fishes 各种鱼
paper 纸—papers 试卷
water 水—waters 水域
room 空间—rooms 房间
time 时间—times 时代
arm 手臂—arms 武器
④形式上虽是单数，但表示的是复数含义，如：
people, police, cattle, staff, public, the ＋adj., the ＋分词
2. 集体名词的数
family，team，audience，class，club，committee，crowd, group, enemy, cattle, government, majority, minority, part, people, police, public, staff等
集体名词注意其主谓一致，一般来说，视为整体时作单数看待，侧重其成员时则作复数看待。The enemy has suffered heavy losses.
The enemy are in flight.
3. 单复数同形的名词
a．某些动物名称
fish, deer, sheep
b．某国人的名词
Chinese, Japanese, Swiss
c．其他
means, species, works, offspring
4. 由连字符构成的复合名词的“数”：
①合成名词的复数形式通常只将其中的主体名词变成复数：
lookers－on 参观者sons－in－law 女婿
editors－in－chief 主编shoe－makers 鞋匠
firemen 消防员chairwomen 女主席
②如果没有主体名词，在最后一个词的词尾加s:
go－betweens 中间人grown－ups 成人
follow－ups 续集good－for－nothings 饭桶
③man, woman作定语时，定语和被修饰词都变成复数：
man－servant—men－servants
5．不规则名词的“数”：
woman — women child — children
ox — oxen tooth — teeth
goose — geese foot — feet
mouse — mice phenomenon — phenomena
analysis — analyses
6. 专有名词的“数”
史密斯一家人the Smiths
两个玛丽two Marys
【疑难点击】
1. 有些物质名词表示不同种类或表示“一种，一杯/罐/瓶”等数量意义时，可用作可数名词。It was a special tea.
She bought us three coffees.
2. 抽象名词主要表示一些抽象概念，一般不可数，前面一般不加不定冠词，但表示具体或特定时，前面应有不定冠词。
There‘s a beauty in simplicity.
After a brief peace, war broke out again.
二、名词所有格
英语中许多名词可以加's来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，意为“……的”。如：a teacher's book, a twenty minutes' walk, ten miles' journey, two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth, the moon's rays。
名词所有格的规则如下：
①名词词尾加's，如the boy's bag, men's room。
②若名词已有复数词尾－s, 只加'，如：the workers' struggle。
③of 属格：无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。
【疑难点击】
1. 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示“分别有”；只有一个's，则表示“共有”。
John's and Mary's rooms(两间)
John and Mary's room(一间)
2. 省略格：在表示店铺、教堂、诊所或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常省略它所修饰的名词。
在诊所at the doctor's
在我姐家at my sister's
【疑难点击】
3. 双重格：of ＋名词's。
I saw a play of Shaw's.
注意：当of 之前的名词是picture, portrait等词时含义不同：
This is a picture of my friend's.
这是我朋友收藏的一幅画。
This is a picture of my friend.
这是我朋友的一张照片。
三、名词作定语
某些名词可以用作定语修饰后面的名词。
①表示类别、处所、材料、时间、功能、用途等名词作定语时通常要用单数形式。
paper flower 纸花cotton goods 棉织品
orange juice 橘汁credit card 信用卡
②少数名词可以用复数形式作定语。
sports meeting 运动会
clothes shop 服装店
customs officer 海关人员
sales manager 销售经理
主谓一致
一、意义(语法)一致原则
只要确定句子的主语是单数意义，则谓语用单数，句子的主语意义复数，则谓语用复数。具体表现如下：
1. 不可数名词作主语，一律视为单数。某些以s结尾的单数名词作主语，仍视为单数。No news is good news.
His task was to collect information.
How much machinery has been installed?
2. 表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
When and where to go for the on－salary holiday has not been decided yet.
3. “ one, either, neither, each of ＋复数名词或代词”作主语时，谓语用单数。
Either of the stories is very funny.
4. something, everything, anything, nothing，somebody, nobody, no one 等不定代词作主语，谓语通常是单数。
Nothing is impossible.
5. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复数名词作主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
Ten pounds was missing from the box.
6. a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of 等量词修饰名词，通常以量词的单复数形式来决定谓语的单复数。
This pair of glasses is very expensive.
Two series of new stamps have been ordered.
7. a number of ＋复数名词，“许多……”，复数意义；the number of ＋复数名词，“……的数目”，单数意义。the population of…“……的人口数量”作主语时，谓语用单数，但如果是分数、百分数、half of, the rest of the population 作主语时，具体指其中的多少人，复数意义，谓语则用复数。the average of…“……的平均数量”，作主语时，谓语用单数。
The number of the students in our school is quite large and a number of teachers work hard.
The population of China is large and most of the population are farmers.
8. 主语后with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as 等短语时，谓语动词的数要和这些短语前面的名词的单复数保持一致。(因为with等词为介词，其后跟的名词只能是介宾，不可能充当主语。)
Mr. Green together with his children goes to the park every Sunday.
9. “the ＋adj.”结构指一类人时，谓语动词用复数；如果指个别人或表示抽象的概念，谓语动词用单数。
The disabled are well taken care of in this country.
The dead in this accident was 20, a girl from Nanjing University.
The new is certain to replace the old.
10. 分数、百分数、all, some, the rest, half of, most of, part of 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据其指代的含义确定。
The rest of the workers are still very tired.
11. 当and连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时，应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。另外，当and 连接两个形容词去修饰一个单数形式的主语时，其实是指两种不同的事物，主语则应该看作是复数，那么谓语动词也应该用复数。
War and peace is a constant theme in history.
Chinese and Japanese silk are of good quality.
英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有：
iron and steel 钢铁
law and order 治安
bread and butter黄油面包
a watch and chain 一块带链的表
a knife and fork 一副刀叉
a coat and tie 一件配有领带的上衣
aim and end 目的
truth and honesty 真诚
12. what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要取决于作表语的名词的单复数。What surprised me most was his attitude towards his study.
13. such 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据其意义而定。
Such is Stephen Hawking, who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much.
14. quantities of ＋名词作主语时，不论名词是复数还是不可数，谓语一律用复数。
a quantity of ＋名词复数作主语时，谓语用复数。
a quantity of ＋不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。
amounts of ＋不可数名词作主语时，谓语用复数。
an amount of ＋不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。
Every day quantities of water are wasted.
A large amount of damage has been done because of the floods.
二、形式一致原则
1．every /each/no ＋名词＋and every/ each/ no ＋名词作主语时，谓语用单数。
Every boy and every girl is having sports now.
2．“one ＋单数名词＋and a half”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
One apple and a half was on the table.
3．“more than one ＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
More than one student has failed the exam.
4．“many a ＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Many a child was playing there.
【注意】以上四种情况，如果从意义上来讲，主语有复数意义，但由于名词都是以单数形式出现的，故谓语用单数形式，谓语形式上与主语的单数形式一致。
三、就近一致原则
1. 谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的连词有：or, not…but…；eit her…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but also …等。
Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.
Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress.
2. 在倒装句中谓语可与后面最近的一个主语一致。
In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.
3. 当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
There are twenty boy－students and twenty－three girl－students in the class.
4．当一个句子是由there 或here引起，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常和最靠近它的主语一致。
Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer.
5．在定语从句中，关系代词如果在从句中作主语，依先行词决定从句谓语动词的单复数形式；在“one of＋复数名词＋who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，从句中的动词用复数形式；但是之前有the (only)等修饰语时，则从句中的动词用单数形式。
Mary is the only one of the students in our school who has ever been to China.
第1讲名词与主谓一致（考点突破）
() 1. They tried to find what the difference between ______ cars is.
A. Tom and Mary's
B. Tom's and Mary
C. Tom's and Mary's
D. Tom and Mary () 2. — Mike, what did our monitor say just now?
— Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who ______ to visit the museum ______ asked to be at the school gate before 6：30 in the morning.
A. is; is
B. are; are
C. is; are
D. are; is
() 3. — What does your sister do?
— Oh, she does nothing, for she is only an ______ girl.
A. 8－month's－old
B. 8－months－old
C. 8－month－old
D. 8－months'－old
() 4. One of the consequences of our planet's being warming up is a(n) ______ in the number of natural disasters. (2010·江苏宿迁中学高三模拟)
A. account
B. Reason
C. increase
D. occurrence
() 5. The teacher together with the students ______ discussing Reading Skills that ______ newly published in America. (2010·云南曲靖一中高三月考)
A. are; were
B. is; were
C. are; was
D. is; was
() 6. There is no doubt that being good at communicating is a great ______，especially when you are looking for a job.(2010·江苏盐城第八中学高三模拟)
A. advantage
B. Privilege
C. assistant
D. opportunity
() 7. A survey of the opinions of scientists ______ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week ______ good for our health. (2011·四川南充高中高三月考)
A. show; are
B. shows; is
C. show; is
D. shows; are
() 8. Some equipment as well as a number of maps and books ______ to Zhouqu since the mud－rock flow occurred. (2011·四川绵阳中学高三入学考试)
A. has been offered
B. have been offered
C. are offered
D. is being offered
() 9. More than ______ of the classmates in my class ______ fond of pop music. (2011·江西南昌一中高三月考)
A.two－third; is
B. two－thirds; is
B.C. second－third; are D. two－thirds; are
()10. Joining us in the studio ______ Rose from the Cannes, and Xu Li from the Shanghai International Film Festival.(2010·湖南长郡中学高二分班考试)
A. is
B. Are
C. has
D. have
()11. The Education Bureau gave a warning to each school without any ______ when the virus of A/H1N1 hit our city.(2010·浙江杭州西湖高级中学高三月考)
A. delay
B. Effort
C. schedule
D. consideration
()12. One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy ______ to places like supermarkets and hospitals.(2011·安徽皖南八校高三摸底联考)
A. chance
B. Possession
C. access
D. gain
()13. Practical people are most likely to have a strong ______ for taking immediate actions rather than sitting and talking without doing anything.(2011·湖南岳阳一中阶段考试)
A. opinion
B. Feeling
C. idea
D. preference
()14. Nowadays, few people form the habit of keeping a supply of candles in the house in case of power ______.
A. drop
B. Failure
C. lack
D. absence
()15. The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don't give you any direct ______.(2011·浙江衢州市杜泽中学高三模拟)
A. solution
B. Target
C. measure
D. function
()16. It is reported that the number of graduate students who ______ mental problems ______ on the rise.(2010·江苏扬州中学高三高考模拟)
A. have; is
B. has; are
C. has; is
D. have; are
()17. The mascot (吉祥物) Haibao, full of meanings from foot to head, has become the lucky symbol and cultural ______ of Shanghai Expo. (2010·江苏六合高级中学高三冲刺模拟)
A. remark
B. Mark
C. scene
D. view
()18. Facing the economic depression, every possible means ______ this year to save the company from going bankrupt. (2010·上海市各区一模)
A. has been tried
B. has tried
C. have been tried
D. have tried
()19. Not having a good ______ of English can be a serious obstacle to achieving your goals.(2010·福建福州屏东中学高三测试)
A. demand
B. Appreciation
C. experience
D. command
()20. — Did you get ______ to the party?
— Yes, I replied to it this morning.
A. an answer
B. an invitation
C. a question
D. a letter
()21. In order to learn the ______ of the family business, Bill took a job as messenger boy in one of the offices.
A.ins and outs
B. dos and don'ts
B.C. heads or tails D. p's and q's
()22. —I've got an “A” in the examination.
— That's a good ______. You will surely win a second.
A. result
B. News
C. start
D. idea
()23. Sitting at the back of the room but in front of some old men and women ______ a very shy girl with two bright eyes.
A. was
B. Are
C. were
D. there was
()24. ______ of the land in that district ______ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is
B. Two fifths; are
C. Two fifth; are
D. Two fifths; is
()25. Every possible means ______ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
A. is used
B. are used
C. has been used
D. have been used
1. C这里两个名词都应用所有格，表示Tom和Mary各自的汽车，只有C选项能表达此意；A选项表示Tom和Mary共有一辆车。
2. D定语从句的先行词是teachers，故第一个空用are; 第二个空的逻辑主语是every boy and every girl，谓语动词必须用单数形式，故用is。
3. C有连字符的复合词作定语时，其中的名词用单数形式；名词所有格作定语时表示所属关系，故排除A、D。
4. C account 解释；理由；评价；reason 原因；increase 增加，增大；后常与介词in/on 连用；occurrence 事件；发生；根据句意应选C项，表示“自然灾害的数量在增加”。
5. D第一个空的逻辑主语是the teacher，故用is；第二个空的逻辑主语是Reading Skills，尽管是复数形式，但是是书名，其后的谓语动词用单数形式，用was。
6. A advantage 优势，长处；privilege 特权；殊荣；assistant 助手；店员；opportunity 机会，根据句意应选A项，表示“擅长交流是一个很大的优势”。
7. B第一个空的逻辑主语是survey, 故谓语动词用单数形式，选shows；第二个空的主语部分是three hours of outdoor exercise a week，谓语动词用单数形式，故选is。
8. A句子的主语是some equipment，不可数名词，故谓语动词用单数形式；主语部分与谓语动词之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。
9. D分数的分子大于1时，分母用复数形式，排除A、C两个选项；本句中分数指代的是classmates，后面的谓语动词用复数形式，故选D项。
10. B此句为倒装句，谓语动词的形式由其后的主语部分决定，而主语是Rose and Xu Li，为复数形式；另动词为现在分词形式，只能选B项。
11. A delay 延迟；延缓；effort 努力，尽力；schedule 计划；课程表；时刻表；consideration 考虑；体谅。根据句意选A项，表示“当A/H1N1病毒袭击我们市时，教育局毫不迟疑地向每所学校发出警告。”
12. C chance 机会；运气；可能性；possession 拥有，占有；财产，所有物；access 接近；进入；利用……的权利；gain 利润；利益；增加。have easy access to places like supermarkets and hospitals 方便去像超市、医院这样的地方。
13. D opinion 意见，见解；评价；feeling 感觉，触觉；心情；预感；idea 想法，主意；意见；观念；preference 偏爱，喜爱；选择；优先。have a preference for doing sth. 更喜欢
干某事，比较喜欢干某事。
14. B drop 下降；下落物；failure 失败；不及格；不足，缺乏；lack 不足，欠缺；absence 缺席，不在；缺少，缺乏。power failure 停电。
15. A solution 解决；解决问题的办法；target 靶子；目标；对象；measure 尺寸；尺度；度量器具(measures 措施；手段；方法); function 功能，作用；职责，职务。根据句意应选A项，表示“他们没有为你提供直接的解决问题的办法”。
16. A定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词决定，故应用复数形式；第二个空的主语是the number，其后的谓语动词应用单数形式，只有A 选项是正确的。
17. B remark 意见；评论；感想；发言；mark 痕迹；污点；记号，标记；分数，成绩；scene 现场；景色；场景；view 视野；风景；眺望；看法。根据句意选B项，表示“吉祥物海宝已经成为上海世博会的文化标记”。
18. A every means 每一种方法，为单数形式，故排除C、D两项；主语与谓语动词是被动关系，所以A项是正确的。
19. D demand 要求，需要；appreciation 欣赏，感激；experience 经验，经历；command 命令，指控，掌握。根据句意选D，表示“没有很好地掌握英语”。
20. B注意其后的to the party 和replied to it。
21. A ins and outs 意为“细节”，dos and don'ts 意为“注意事项”，heads or tails 为掷钱币打赌时用语，意为“你赌正面还是赌反面”，p's and q's主要用于mind one's p's and q's，意为“留意自己的言行”。结合句意，选A最合适。
22. C从语法上看，news 不可选，因为它不可数；从意义上看，D不可选，因为选D意思不通；比较A和C，选C最合适，因为start与下文的 a second 相吻合。
23. A本句为倒装句。主语是a very shy girl with two bright eyes，核心主语是a very shy girl，为单数，全句为过去时。
24. D本句核心主语是land，为单数形式，同时注意分数的表达形式。
25. C means，意为“手段，方式”，单复数同形。在本题中代表单数。
2018年试题 1.【2018·天津】 6. The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space. A. advice B. order C. possibility D. invitation 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是 激励科学家们去探索外部空间。 A. advice建议；B. order命令；C. possibility可能性； D. invitation邀请。故选C。 【解题指导】本题考查名词辨析。名词和动词及短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题 语法上是一个同位语从句，从句that there is life on other planets in the universe 是来解释说明前面所选择的名词。根据常识可以判断，宇宙中其它星球上存在生命只是一种 可能性，目前无法证明，从而选出正确答案。 2.【2018·江苏】32. Try to understand what’ｓactually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made. A. assignment B. association C. acquisition D. assumption 【答案】D 【解题指导】本题考查名词辨析。名词考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题抓住句中的关键 词actually happening实际发生和instead of而不是，可知是假设，从而选出正确答案。 2017年试题 【2017·江苏】24.The publication of Great Expectations, which _______ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】C
名词与主谓一致 集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）
专题七名词与主谓一致一、考情分析 近年来对名词的考查主要集中在名词词义辨析及并列主语的主谓一致上，其次是名词所有格、抽象名词和物质名词的具体化以及不定数量的词或词组与名词的搭配关系上。 考查考生在理解题干内容的基础上对词汇或语法知识的掌握情况，加重对语境理解及语言知识相融合的考查。 二、名词的数 英语中大多数可数名词都可以通过加-s或–es的方法变为复数名词。不可数名词（抽象或物质）没有复数形式，专有名词一般只有单数形式，只有少数专有名词才有复数形式。 （一）规则变化 （二）一些特殊情况 1. 合成名词变为复数时，通常把主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，将最后一部分变为复数。如： Sons-in-law, passers-by, story-tellers,housewives等
2. family, team, class, group, government, crowd, audience等作主语时，如果作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数，如果看成成员，谓语动词用复数。 某些集体名词，如people, polic, youth, cattle等及clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses 作主语时，谓语用复数。若这类名词与a pair of 等词连用时，谓语动词往往用单数。 3. 单、复数同形的名词如means（方法）作主语时，应根据意义决定谓语动词的单复数。 4. 有些名词呈现了复数形式，如news,manners, politics, physics 等但并不表示复数概念。 5. 有些名词总是在使用时用其复数形式，如thanks, regards, congratulations, goods, works, tears, instructions, directions, respects 等。 6. 有些短语要求用名词复数形式. 如 make friends with shake hands with take pains to do sth. make both ends meet … （三）名词与表示数量的词或短语的搭配
名词与主谓一致 1. Where and when to go for the on-salary holiday _____ yet. a. are not decided b. have not been decided c. is not being decided d. has not been decided 2. Mary is the only one of the girls who _____ by the headmaster at the meeting. a. uis praised b. are praised c. was praised d. were praised 3. Mary is one of the girls who _____ by the headmaster at the meeting. a. uis praised b. are praised c. was praised d. were praised 4. All life on our planet _____, in one way or another, upon the sun. a. depend b. depending c. depends d. depended 5. Whisky and soda _____ always my favorite drink. a. is b. was c. are d. were 6. Kate as well as her sisters _____ interest in studing Chinese. a. are b. take c. takes d. is 7. More than one graduate _____ sent to the hardest place since 1979. a. is b. are c. has been d. have been 8. The secretary of the Party branch and director of the factory often _____ with the workers. a. works b. work c. is working d. are working 9. His family _____ always quarrelling among _____. a. is; itself b. are; themselves c. is; themselves d. are; itself 10. Some folk _____ never _____ with the present situation. a. is; satisfying b. are; satisfied c. are; satisfying d. is; satisfied 11. Each of the students in our class _____ great interest in English and they each _____ a copy of A New English-Chinese Dictionary. a. shows; have b. have; has c. is; have d. takes; has 12. ---- _____ ypur clothes? ---- No, mine _____ hanging over there. a. Is it; is b. Are these; are c. Is it; are d. Are these; is 13. Either you or the headmaster _____ which student will go to attend that meeting. a. is not decided b. are to decided c. are deciding d. is to decided 14. All but one _____ here just now. a. is b. was c. has been d. were 15. Light and heat _____ often sent out together with heavy smoke. a. is b. was c. are d. being 16. No chair and no desk _____ permitted to be taken away from the reading room. a. are b. were c. is d. be 17. Strangely enough, a pair of new trousers _____ among the rubbish. a. were found b. was found c. found d. had found 18. Large quantities of fruit _____ all over the world from China today. a. is shipped b. are shipped c. has shopped d. have shipped 19. It _____ William and Carol who helped me the other day. a. has been b. are c. was d. were 20. Growing around the lake _____ wold flowers of different colors. a. is b. are c. has d. have
（一）不可数名词 1以下几个以f 结尾的名词只加 s : roof-roofs （屋顶），belief-beliefs （信念）， proof-proofs （证明）。 注：还有不少名词复数形式是不规则变化的：如： Dutchme n 5）复合名词的复数形式因词而异，有下列四种变化，必须分别熟记。 a 、以可数名词结尾的复合名词，直接加 -s 。如： tooth-brushes , boy-frie nds , store-keepers , film-goers c 、以man 和woman 等为前缀的复合名词变复数形式时，则前后两部分都要变为复数形式。 女口： a woma n doctor-- three wome n doctors 注： a.有些名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。如： papers （报纸，文件），manners （礼貌），goods （货物），works （工厂），looks （外 表），glasses （眼镜），greens （青菜），hairs （（几根）头发），times （时代）， 名词和主谓一致 foot--feet tooth--teeth 2） 单、复数形式相同。如： a sheep-- two sheep 此外，还有 means, fish, works （ 制等单位的名词，如 yuan ， jiao child--childre n mouse--mice a deer-- three deer 工厂）,species （ 种类） ,fen , jin , mu 以及由汉语音译表示度量衡、币 goods （货物） glasses （眼镜） 谢） clothes （衣服） remains （遗物，遗 体） 录） trousers （裤子） gloves （手套） 裤） people dumpli ngs （饺 子） no odles police con gratulati ons （祝贺） （所有 物） compasses （圆规） thanks （感 ashes （灰） contents （目 scissor s （剪刀） jea ns （牛仔 doings savi ngs （行为） （储蓄） bel ongings 4）表示“某国人”的名词的单、复数形式因习惯不同而各异。 a 、 单复数形式相同： Chinese, Japanese, Vetnamese （ 越南人）,Swiss （ 瑞士人）,Portuguese （ b 、 力口 s 构成： America ns, Germa ns, Africa ns, Asia ns, Australia ns, Can adia ns, In dia ns, Belgians （比利时人）,Europeans （ 欧洲人）,Greeks, Swedes （ 瑞典人）,Arabs （ Hungarians （匈牙禾U 人）. c 、 改 man 为 men ： 葡萄牙人） 阿拉伯人）, an En glishma n-- four En glishme n a Fren chma n-- three Fren chme n
集合名词的主谓一致 篇一：集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题 集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题 1. 通常用作复数的集合名词 police(警察)，people(人)，cattle(牛，牲口)等集合名词，总是表示复数意义，用作主语时，其谓语要用复数： The police were after him. 警察正在追捕他。 People are beginning to talk about her. 人们开始议论她。 Cattle feed on grass. 牛吃草。 注goods(货物), clothes(衣服)只有复数形式，且只表示复数意义： Such clothes are very cheap. 那样的衣服很便宜。 All the goods have been sent to them. 所有的货物都给他们送去了。 2. 只用作单数的不可数集合名词 clothing(衣服)，poetry(诗歌)，baggage / luggage(行李)，furniture(家具)，machinery(机械)，scenery(景色)，jewellery(珠宝)，equipment(设备)等集合名词通常只用作不可数名词，表示单数意义，用作主语时，其后谓语动词用单数形式： Our clothing protects us from against the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。
All their baggage was stolen. 他们所有的行李都被偷了。 The furniture is convenient to move. 这家具搬起来很方便。 All the machinery in the factory is made in China. 这个工厂所有的机器都是中国产的。 3. 既可表示单数意义也可表示复数意义的集合名词 family(家庭)，team(队，队员)，class(班，班上的全体学生)，crowd(人群)，government(政府)，crew(乘务员)，committee(委员会)，audience(听众)，public(公众)等集合名词，当它们表示整体意义时，表单数意义，当它们强调个体意义时，表示复数意义：Her family is a large one. 她的家庭是一个大家庭。 Her family are all tall. 她的一家人都很高。 The team is the best in the league. 这个队在联赛中打得最好。 The football team are having baths. 足球队队员们在洗澡。 It was late, but the audience was increasing. 时间很迟了，但听众人数却在增加。 The audience were all moved to tears. 听众都感动得流了泪。 注有时没有特定的语境，用单复数谓语均可以： The audience was (were) very excited by the show. 观众对演出甚感激动。 The public has (have) a right to know what’s in the report. 公众有权知道这篇报告的内容。
英语主谓一致 一般说来，谓语必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致，即主谓一致。主谓一致涉及三个方面：语法上一致，意义上一致，就近一致。 一、语法上一致 1 不可数名词、动名词、不定式、从句等做主语时，谓语通常用单数。 Much milk is offered to him. Reading aloud is very important in learning English. To nod one’s head means agreement.What they said is true. 2 and连接主语时，注意以下几点： 1）由and, both…and 连接两个单数名词谓语用复数，但当and连接的两个名词指同一个人，同一物，同一事，同一概念时谓语用单数。 Both bread and butter were served for breakfast in this hotel. The teacher and writer is going to give us a talk. 2) 凡是由each…and each…,every…and every… ,no…and no…, many a… and many a…连接名词作主语时谓语用单数。 Each man and each woman has a chance to be raised in our company. No boy and no girl doesn’t go to school at the age of seven in this village. 3) 由and 连接的前置并列修饰语+不可数名词做主语时，谓语用复数。 Good and bad meat in the market are sold out. 4) 不可数名词+并列修饰语作主语时，谓语用单数。 Beer from the USA and Germany is much better that from Britain. 5) 凡由and连接两个带the(a或物主代词)的单数可数名词，谓语用复数，如果只有前一个名词带the(a 或物主代词)则谓语用单数。 The professor and the writer have published a few new books on radio. The tenth and last chapter is written by a young man. 6)由and 连接的第二个名词短语表示否定或带有状语时，谓语的单复数与第一个名词一致。 The teacher, and perhaps his students too, is likely to be present. 7)What 从句的并列式作主语时，并列完整式常用复数，缩略式常用单数。 What he says and what he thinks have nothing to do with me. What I say and do is my own affair. 8) 由and 连接的两个疑问代词、不定式、动名词作主语时，根据意义一致的原则确定单复数。 When and where to build the new factory ________yet.(MET1991) A is not decided B are not decided C has not decided D have not decided 3 主语+介词（短语）：with, except, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, over, besides, together with, like, including, in addition to等连接的名词时，谓语以介词（短语）前的主语为准，不受介词后的名词影响。 The man with hs daughters and sons is watching TV. The girls as well as the teacher are dancing. 考例：1）E-mail, as well as telephones,______ an important role in our daily life(1999上海) A playing B play C plays D have played 2) A library with five thousand books_______ to the nation as a gift.(MET 1990) A is offered B has offered C are offered D have offered 4 不定代词either, each, one, another, anyone, anybody , no one, nobody, some one, somebody, anything, nothing, something, everything, everyone, everybody, neither等作主语时，谓语用单数，none做主语时，谓语单复数均可。There is nothing wrong with the machine. Either of the shirts fits me very well. None of the farmers has (have)been abroad. 5 many a (an) +名词和more than one +名词做主语时谓语用单数。 Many an apple is in the basket. More than one stamp has been collected by her.
主谓一致的讲解 主谓一致是指： 1）语法形式上要一致，即名词单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 1.由and 连接主语时 And 连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数 1)并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数 Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students. Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold. 小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子 Both rice and wheat are grown in this area. 2)并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting. 那位教授兼作家正在会上发言 A journalist and authour lives on the sixth floor. 一位新闻记者兼作家 His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe. 他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行 The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet. 总理兼外长 比较：the writer and the educator have visited our school. the writer and educator has visited our school. His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe. 注意：指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只用一个冠词，指不同的需要分别加冠词，但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可 A boy and girl are playing tennis. 3)并列主语前有each, every, many a , no 等修饰时谓语动词用单数 Each doctor and (each) nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients. Every man, woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity. 有权参加 Every boy and (every) girl admires him for his fine sense of humour. Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistake No boy and no girl is there now.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里 注意：many a 跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多 Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie. 4)并列主语为不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数 A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up. 关于保护环境的法律法规已经起草完成。 The knife and fork has been washed 刀叉已经被洗好 War and peace is a constant theme in history 战争与和平是历史永恒的主题 注意;常被视为主体的结构 A cup and saucer 一副杯碟 A horse and cart 马车 A knife and fork 一副刀叉
高中英语：名词、主谓一致和冠词语法知识点总结 易错点1 望词生义 同义词、近义词甚至是形近词有着不同的含义和适用场合，要特别注意在特定语境中准确运用词汇和语法知识的能力。平时要努力扩大词汇量，做题时要深入理解语境，整体把握，结合句意作出最佳选择。 名词词义辨析是高考的热点，主要考查考生结合语境区分词义的能力，因而在记忆单词时，一定要结合语境体会其意义。如近几年高考中常出现的： (1)expectation(期望)；reputation(声誉)；contribution(贡献)；civilization(文明) (2)accommodation(住宿)；occupation(职业)；adaptation(适应，改编)；appreciation(欣赏) 易错点2 主谓一致错误 1.如果主语有more than one很多非常，或many a许多，构成，one and a half与单数名词组成的短语。尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。 2.each作主语或修饰主语时 1)单独用作主语(或修饰主语)，谓语用单数： Each student has his own desk. 每个学生都有自己的课桌。 Two boys entered. Each was carrying a suitcase. 两个男孩进来，每人提着一只箱子。【注意】 (1) 两个或多个＂each+单数名词＂结构并列作主语时，谓语用单数。 (2) ＂each of+复数名词或代词＂用作主语，谓语一般要用单数 Each of them was deeply frightened. 他们个个都惊恐万分。 但是在非正式文体中(尤其是当 each of之后的名词较长时)偶尔也可用复数谓语，但很少见，学生宜慎用。 2)each 用于复数名词后作同位语此时谓语动词用复数： They each have an English-Chinese dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英汉词典。 4. 有些名词的单数和复数形式一样，作主语的时候, 其谓语动词单复数由上下文决定(尤其注意其前的修饰语)，这一类名词有： means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese 等。 5. kind＂种类＂作主语 6. 在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如： Between the two windows hangs a picture. 7.＂分数或百分数+名词＂构成的短语以及由＂ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名词＂构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of 后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。 8. 表时间长度、钱数、速度等的词组作主语，此时通常将其视为整体，谓语用单数。 易错点3 误用冠词 冠词的考查一直以来是一个易错点，虽然冠词只有3个(a , an, the) 但是麻雀虽小五脏俱全，考查起来往往会弄错。名词第一次出现或泛指时，冠词用a/an，，但名词的首字母是（A、E、I、O、U）发音时，用an, 如：apple, English, important, operation, unusual, 特殊的有umbrella, hour, honest用an, university, unique, usual 用 a。 名词第二次出现用the；①强调特指时用the；②the + 最高级，③ the + 形容词（rich 富人, poor穷人, wounded伤者, dead死者, elderly长者）表某一类人④the+比较级（the
名词和主谓一致 （一）名词的数 名词分为不可数名词和可数名词两大类 1．不可数名词 不可数名词一般没有单复数之分，它包括专有名词，物质名词和抽象名词，例如：health，advice，glass，wood，English，America。 （2）表示学科名称的以-es结尾的名词常用作单数，例如：mathematics，physics。 （3）某些以-s结尾指单一事物的专有名词常用作单数，例如：the United States，the United Nations 2．可数名词 可数名词包括个体名词和集体名词，有单，复数形式，复数名词构成方法如下：（1）一般情况在名词后加-s，在清辅音（s，∫，t∫除外）后读[s]，在浊辅音后读[z]，在s，z，∫，t∫等辅音后读[iz]，例如：desks，days，classes。 （2）以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词后加es，读作[iz]，例如： bus-buses watch-watches box-boxes brush-brushes 但是stomach-stomachs （3）以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词后加-es，读作[z]，例如：hero-heroes tomato-tomatoes 但不少以-o结尾的外来词，变复数时只加-s，如：radio—radios，photo—photos，piano —pianos 有些以-o结尾的名词有两种复数形式，如：zero—zeros（zeroes），volcano—volcanos （volcanoes）火山 所以-oo结尾的名词只加-s，如： Bamboo-bamboos，zoo-zoos （4）“辅音+y”结尾的名词，把y改成i再加-es，读作[iz]，例如： Factory-factories，country-countries （5）以“元音+y”结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，直接在词尾加-es，读作[z]，例如： Boys，toys，Henrys等。 （6）以-f结尾的名词，一般把“f”或“fe”改成“v”再加-es，读作[vz]，例如： Leaf—leaves，life—lives 但是，roof—roofs，chief—chiefs，gulf—gulfs，serf—serfs等例外 （8）不规则变化 ①改变单数名词中的元音字母，或其他形式，例如： Foot—feet，child—children，mouse—mice] ②单，复数形式相同，例如： A sheep—two sheep，a deer—four deer 此外还有means，fish，works，以及由汉语音译表示度量衡，币制等单位的名词，yuan （圆），jiao（角），fen（分），jin（斤）等 ③只有复数形式，例如： Trousers glasses compasses thanks clothes remains ashes contents goods ④表示“某国人”名词的单，复数形式因习惯不同而各异，例如： A Chinese-two Chinese a Japanese-two Japanese 这类词包括所有以-ese或-ss结尾的民族名称，如Swiss，Portuguese等
名词做主语时的主谓一致原则 一、如果主语是不可数名词,动名词,不定式或从句的时候,谓语动词用单数. Smoking is not a good habit. To live happily needs a lot of things. What I said is true. 二、如果由and连接的两个做主语的单数名词指的是同一个人或物的时候,用单数动词. The singer and songwriter is dead. The science and technology plays an important part in China. Bread and butter(=buttered bread) is a good food for patients. “War and Peace” is the best book I have ever read. 如果由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each, every, many a/an, no的时候用单数名词. Every boy and girl in the class works very hard. Each minute and second is valuable to us.
三、主语是单数, 后面跟有with, along with, together with,besides, as well as, but, except, no less than,rather than, more than, like, including, in addition to 的时候, 谓语动词用单数. Jack with his family wants to go to China. He, as well as you, is very honest. No one but I is a student. Her brother, together with his wife and children, was killed in the accident. The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible. 四、由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词(sb,sth---)和each, either, neither, one, the other, another, little, a little, much, no one, nothing做主语的时候,谓语动词用单数. Each of you is cleverer than me. Neither student has passed the exam. Is anybody here? 五、both, few, a few, several, many以及others做主语的时候, 永远用复数动词. Several friends were invited to the party.
一、如果主语是不可数名词, 动名词, 不定式或从句的时候, 谓语动词用单数. Smoking is not a good habit. To live happily needs a lot of things. What I said is true. 二、如果由and 连接的两个做主语的单数名词指的是同一个人或物的时候, 用单数动词. The singer and songwriter is dead. The science and technology plays an important part in China. Bread and butter(=buttered bread) is a good food for patients. “War and Peace ” is the best book I have ever read. 如果由and 连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each, every, manya /an, no 的时候用单数名词. Every boy and girl in the class works very hard. Each minute and second is valuable to us.
三、主语是单数, 后面跟有with, along with, together with,besides, as well as, but, except, no less than,rather than, more than, like, including, in addition to 的时候, 谓语动词用单数. Jack with his family wants to go to China. He, as well as you, is very honest. No one but I is a student. Her brother, together with his wife and children, was killed in the accident. The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible. 四、由some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词(sb,sth---) 和each, either, neither, one, the other, another, little, a little, much, no one, nothing 做主语的时候, 谓语动词用单数. Each of you is cleverer than me. Neither student has passed the exam. Is anybody here 五、b oth, few, a few, several, many 的以及others 做主语
2012年高考英语真题单项选择分类集锦——名词和主谓一致 1 (2012全国卷II)19. The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great ___ in this city. A. quality B. progress C. production D. demand 2 (2012天津卷)3. You were working too hard. You’d better keep a ________between work and relaxation. A. promise B. lead C. balance D. diary 3 (2012江苏卷) 21. —Can I help you with it? — I appreciate your ________, but I can manage it myself. A. advice B. question C. offer D. idea 4 (2012湖北卷)29. It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any ________. A. symptom B. similarity C. sample D. shadow 5 (2012湖北卷)30. The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct ________ in applying for a visa. A. pattern B. procedure C. program D. perspective 6 (12湖南卷)35. All the scientific evidence___that increasing use of chemicals in farming___damaging our health. A. show；are B. shows；are C. show；is D. shows；is 7 (2012福建卷)25.— Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency? — Well, you know, English is my _____. So it is my best choice. A. strength B. talent C. ability D. skill 8 (2012陕西卷)12.The basketball coach, as well as his team, ______ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. A. were B. was C. is D. are 9 (2012山东卷)24. My first _______ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man. A. expression B. attention C. satisfaction D. impression 10 (2012四川卷)15. He will come to understand your efforts sooner or later. It’s just a matter of ________. A. luck B. value C. time D. fact 11 (2012江西卷)29．You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future . A．purpose B．reference C．progress D．memory 12 (2012浙江卷)7.Your as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.