高三英语语法讲义——非谓语动词
1．定义: 即非限定性动词，在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分。
2．有三种形式：动词不定式、分词和动名词。
一、动词不定式
【要点点拨】动词不定式表现为两种形式：to do 或do，其否定形
式为not to do. 不定式可以带宾语或者状语构成不
定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态
的变化。
基本用法：
1、作主语：To build the bridge needs much money.
一般用It作形式主语放在句首，把不定式短语放于句末。
It is right to give up smoking.
【2012．江西.单选】It’s very nice ___ you ___my parents your best wishes.
A. of; sending
B. of; to send
C. for; to send
D. for; sending [答案] B. 句型It is adj. + of sb to do sth和It is adj. + for sb to do sth 的区别:
前者一般用来表示人的性格，品德，所用的形容词一般表示主观感情或态度，如good，kind，nice，clever等；后者常用于表示事物的特征、特点，所用的形容词一般表示客观形式，如easy，hard，difficult，interesting等。
2、作宾语：The child pretended to be sleeping / asleep when I came
back home.
注意：当不定式短语作宾语，还带有宾语补足语时，往往常用it 作形式宾语，把不定式宾语放于补语之后。
We think it is possible to finish the work in a week.
补充：有些动词后只能用不定式作宾语。如：decide，plan，desire，expect，hope，wish，pretend，promise，refuse，afford，
agree，ask，fail，tend，manage等。
3、作定语：表示一个未发生的动作，放于被修饰的名词之后。
The building to be built will be used as a hospital.
（1）作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应
的介词。
He is looking for a room to live in.
（2）当作定语的不定式修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者
时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可以用被动语态，但其含义不同。
比较：Have you anything to send?
你有什么东西要寄吗？---to send 的动作执行者是“你”。
Have you anything to be sent?
你有什么要（“我”或别人）寄的东西吗？---to be sent 的动作执行者是“我”或别人。
4、作状语：1）目的状语：常见形式有：to…. / in order to…. / so as
to….
We got up early in order to catch the first bus.
2）结果状语：常见形式有：too…. to… / so….as to….(不
能置于句首) / only to….
Would you be so kind as to help me with my English?
He returned home 15 years later, only to find his house burnt
down.
3）原因状语：We were very excited to hear the news.
4）条件状语：To look at him, you would like him.
= If you look at him, you will like him.
补充：不定式也可以在作表语的形容词后面作状语：
I am very glad to hear it.
5、宾语补足语：He asked me to do work with him.
注意：在feel，hear，notice，observe，see，watch，have，let，make 等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to，但这些句子如果变成
被动结构，就必须带to.
如：I often hear him sing the song.
He is often heard to sing the song.
注意：不定式在介词but后面时，如果介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。She could do nothing but cry.
I have no choice but to go.
另外，在can’t choose but …和can’t help but… 等后面的不定式也省略to。
【2014．江西.单选】Jack loves sports. He is often seen___ basketball on the school playground.
A.play
B. playing
C. plays
D. to play
[答案] D. see sb doing sth表示看见某人正在做某事；see sb do sth看见某人做某事，强调看见过程。本句的意思是经常看见Jack在学校
操场上打篮球，强调他打篮球的过程。See后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to，但改为被动结构之后，要把省略了的to加上。6、表语：位于系动词后，补充主语。
Their task is to build a railway in a year.
7、不定式与疑问词who，which，when，where，how，what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语，表语，宾语等：
如：How to solve the problem is very important. (主语)
The question is how to get there. (表语)
He didn’t know what to say. (宾语)
注意：在与why连用的时候，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，且不定式不带to。
如：Why not have a rest?
补充：不定式作独立结构，在句中作插入语。常用的有：to tell the truth , to be frank , to make things worse…
二、分词：
【要点点拨】分词可分为：现在分词和过去分词两类。现在分词通常含有主动和进行两个概念。过去分词通常含有被动和完
成两个概念。
1.现在分词--- V-ing ,过去分词---V-ed.
2.基本用法：
1、作定语：单个的分词作定语一般放于被修饰的名词前，分词短
语作定语应放在被修饰的名词后，分词及分词短语作定语
时均可以发展为一个定语从句。
a developed country = a country which has been developed.
an understanding man = a man who understands others
Or：The girl reading over there (The girl who was reading over there) soon fell asleep.
The broken window (The window which was broken) will be replaced soon.
过去分词短语作定语有三种时态：done：表示动作已发生；to be done：表示动作将要发生；being done：表示动作正在发生。
对比以下三句：
The bridge built last year (which was built last year) is very beautiful. The bridge to be built next month (which will be built next month) will be very long.
The bridge being built (which is being built) will be completed next
month.
【2014．江西.单选】Anyone ___in the exam will be pnished.
A. seen cheat
B. seen cheating
C. saw to cheat
D. saw
cheating
[答案] B 句意为“在考试中，任何人被发现正在作弊，将会被惩罚。”see sb doing sth是固定结构，意为“发现某人正在做
某事”。Anyone 和see之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词
短语作定语。
2、作状语：分词作状语实际上就是一个并列句或者状语从句的省
略，并对句子稍稍改动。
现在分词作状语可分为：一般式(doing)：表示分词动作与谓语动作同时发生；完成式(having done)：表示分词动作发生于谓
语动作之前。
The old man passed away, leaving a lot of debts unpaid.
Having finished (After he had finished) his exercises, he
went to play basketball.
过去分词短语作状语可分为：一般式(done)：表示分词动作与谓语动作同时发生或分词动作发生于谓语动作前；完成式(having been done)：强调分词动作发生于谓语动作之前。
Scolded (As she was scolded) by the teacher, the girl sat there without lifting her head.
Having been kept (As he had been kept) in prison for many years, he went mad.
注：分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语，如果分词的逻辑主语并不是主句的主语，而另有其逻辑主语，则应
在分词前补上其逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。
独立主格结构相当于一个状语从句。
e.g. The baby sleeping (As the baby was sleeping)in the room, we dared
not turn up the TV.
【2015．山西特岗.单选】___the course very difficulty, he decided to move a lower level.
A. Find
B. Finding
C. To find
D. Found
[答案] B 本句主语he 与find之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。
3、补语：现在分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语的一个正在进行的动
作，用于一些常见句型中:
see / hear / feel / notice / have / catch / leave / set / send/observe….
doing…
如：The salesman caught the thief stealing in the shop.
过去分词作宾语补足语，分两种情况：
(1)使役动词have，make，get，keep，leave等接过去分词作宾补表
示宾语与补语存在被动关系：He had his money stolen.
另一种意义就是过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历：He had his leg broken.
(2)表示感觉或者心理状态的动词see, hear, listen to, feel, think 等可
以接过去分词，表示过去分词的动作先于谓语动词。
I heard the song sung inEnglish.
【单选】Did you hear me ____ an English song at this time last night? A. to sing B. sing C. singing D. sang
[答案] C hear sb do sth表示听到某人做某事，表示这件事情已经结束；hear sb doing sth表示正在听到某人做某事。At this time 是唱歌的那个点，表示正在进行，所以用现在分词形式作宾语补足语。【2014．江西. 单选】Is this the mobile phone that you want to ___?
A. have repaired
B. have it repaired
C. have repaired it
D. repaired
[答案]A want to do sth “想要做某事”，故排除D。have sth repaired 表示“把某物（让别人）修理”，repair的宾语sth在这里指mobile phone，that在从句中作宾语，所以B项中的it多余，故选A。
4、表语：分词作表语，表示主语的特点或状态，可以看作形容词，
是形容词化的分词。
如：The film was very interesting.
I’m interested in reading novels written by Jin Yong.
5、独立结构：现在分词短语作独立结构时，是固定用法，不以主
动、被动去分析。常见的有：generally speaking, judging
from/by, considering…
例：Generally speaking, he is quite skillful at playing table tennis.
三、动名词
【要点点拨】动名词是由动词后+ing的形式构成的，与动词的现在分词同形。它保留了动词的特征，即：它可以带自己
的宾语和状语，又具有名词的特征。
动名词的功能句法：
1、作主语：Studying English well is no easy job.
注意：1)在下面一些结构中，常用it作形式主语，将用作真实主语的动名词放于句末。
It is no use / no good / useless / nice / good / fun /
interesting ….+ doing sth.
例：It’s good hearing Chinese, my mother tongue, spoken here.
2)动词不定式作主语和动名词作主语的区别：动词不定式
作主语表示一个具体的动作，而动名词作主语则表示一个
抽象的、一般的概念。
例：Reading English in the morning is of great use for students.
To read this English book will take much time.
【2014．江西.单选】___ gave a big warning to anyone who is lazy and dishonest in the company.
A.Him being fired
B. He was fired
C. His being fired
D. His firing
[答案]C. 句意为“___给了公司里任何懒惰和不诚实的员工一次严
重的警告”。分析句子结构可知此句缺少主语。比较四个选项，只有C符合，即动名词（one’s doing）可作句子的主语，又由于he和fire之间的被动关系，所以用his being fired。
2、作表语：动名词作表语是对句子主语的一种解释和说明，主语
和动名词可以交换位置，句子的意思不变。这有别于进行
时：进行时句中用的是现在分词，表示主语的一个正在进
行的动作，主语与现在分词不能交换位置。
例：What he likes most is playing football. = Playing football is what he likes most.
He is playing football with his friends.
3、宾语：动名词作宾语，表示一种习惯、爱好。
He likes smoking while I like drinking.
注意：动词不定式作宾语，表示一个具体的动作，不表示习惯。
I like smoking, b ut I don’t like to smoke today, for I’ve got a
cold.
有些动词后面只用动名词作宾语，请记住以下口诀：memepscarfi: 音译成：妹妹不吃咖啡。这里每个字母代表一个或几个单
词：m-miss e-enjoy ; m-mind ;e-escape; p- practise; s- suggest
/ stand; c- consider / complete; a-admit / allow /advise /
appreciate / avoid; r- risk; f- finish ; i- imagine，常用的词都
列在里面了。
例：I highly appreciate your helping the old lady.
动名词还作介词宾语: I don’t feel like going to the station to meet the guests.
【2014．江西.单选】---Did you have any problems in your English
study?
--- Yes, ____ a friend to practice speaking with.
A. find
B. found
C. finding
D. to find
[答案] C 问句说“你在英语学习方面有什么困难吗？”回答说“有”，后面则是具体的内容，应该是一个名词。用动名词把整个句子变成名词短语。
4、定语：动名词作定语，放于被修饰的名词前，表示该名词的功
能，并不表示动作。
e.g. a sleeping bag = a bag for sleeping / an operating table = a table
for operating
区别：现在分词作定语，表示被修饰的名词的一个动作。
e.g. a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping / the running car = the
car that is running
补充：1) 动名词的复合结构（one’s doing）：表示动名词动作的发出者，在句中可作主语和宾语。动名词的复合结构作宾语时，可以用宾格代替所有格。e.g. We like Tom’s (Tom) singing the English song.
The little boy’s crying drew our attention.
2) 有些动词后面既可跟动词不定式，又可跟动名词作宾语，
【各个击破】
1. At the shopping center, he didn’t know what ____ and ____ with an
empty bag.
A. to buy ; leave
B. to be bought ; left
C. to buy ; left
D. was to
buy ; leave
2. The long and tiring talk, filled with arguments and quarrels, ended in disorder, _____ no agreement at all.
A. arriving
B. arrived at
C. reaching
D. and
getting to
3. Do you know the difficulty he had ______ five children at school?
A. to keep
B. to have kept
C. keeping
D. having kept
4. ——Let me tell you something about my Chinese teacher.
—— I remember _____ about her yesterday.
A. telling
B. being told
C. to tell
D. having
told
5. Having no money but ____ to know, he simply said he would go
without dinner.
A. not to want anyone
B. wanted no one
C. not wanting anyone
D. to want no one
6. The old lady needed ___ as she was in her 80s.
A. to look after
B. looking after
C. look after
D. being
looked after
7. ——Why are you always making me drink milk?
—— ______ enough calcium for you to grow tall and strong.
A. Get
B. To get
C. Getting
D. To be getting
8. Many students _____ around, I explained the story into details.
A. stood
B. standing
C. to stand
D. were standing
9. He has few friends and never mind ______ alone, playing by himself.
A. leaving
B. having
C. to be left
D. being
left
10. I explained the theory as clearly as possible, ____ to make it easy
_____ .
A. hope; to understand
B. hoped; understood
C. hoping 、; to understand
D. to hope; to be understood
11. The students listened carefully, with their eyes ____ the blackboard.
A. fixing at
B. fixed at
C. fixing on
D. fixed on
12. _______ to go with the others made him rather disappointed.
A. His not allowed
B. His not being allowed
C. Not his allowing
D. Having not been allowed
13. I was very poor when young and had no toys _______ .
A. to play
B. to play with
C. with playing
D. playing
with
14. He went to bed _____ . The next morning he woke up only ____
himself lying on the floor.
A. drinking ; to find
B. drunk ; to find
C. being drunk ; finding
D. to drink ; finding
15. We can hardly imagine Peter _____ such rude words to you.
A. say
B. to say
C. saying
D. to have said
16. I’d like my child _______ in a school of high quality.
A. educating
B. to educate
C. to be educated
D. being
educated
17. My son pretended _______ when I came back.
A. to sleep
B. sleeping
C. being sleeping
D. to be
sleeping
18. Tom is thought ______ the good deed to the blind man.
A. of doing
B. to do
C. to have done
D. of being
done
19. The stranger has spent a whole week ______ in his room. No one
knows what he is doing.
A. locking
B. to lock
C. locked
D. being locked
答案：
非谓语动词：CCCBC BBBDC DBBBC CDCC
上海地区2006 年高三英语非谓语动词 1. I wouldn ' t advise _______ there by bus, because it is too cowed. A. and go B. to go C. to going D. going 2. They found a ___ old woman ___ on the ground when the door was broken open. A. dying, lying B. dead, lied C. death, laying D. died, lain 3. Jack was a lazy boy. I often caught him _____ in class. A. sleeping B. slept C. to sleep D. sleep 4. His words left me ____ what he was driving at. A. to wonder B. wondering C. wondered D. wonder 5. I feel like ____ a long walk. Would you like _____ with me? A. taking, going B. taking, to go C. to take, to go D. to take, going 6. The teacher forbade _____ our seats. A. us to leave B. us leaving C. to leave D. to leaving 7. He finished his homework and then went on __ me. A. helping B. to helping C. with helping D. to help 8. You had better get a doctor ___ your bad tooth. A. pull out B. to pull out C. pulled put D. pulling out 9. I haven ' t got a chair ______ . Will you make room for me? A. to sit B. to sit in C. for sitting D. sitting on 10. By the way, when did you get your bedroom ___ ? A. to paint B. painted C. painting D. to be painted 11.I ' m afraid your suggestion can 't help _____ the service of their shop. A. improving B. in improving C. improve D. for improving
英语语法归纳之非谓语动词（动名词） 敬告： 以下内容，不参加高考等有语法题（语法单选、语法填空、短文改错等）考试的应用类学员无须深究，知道该语法结构的存在，及其充当的句子成分和功能即可，应多花时间练习听说读写，否则就背离了语言学习真正目的。应试类学员有时间可以比较分析，基本搞懂。 过去分词长什么样？规则的情况下与动词过去式相同，当然有不规则的情况；过去分词可以充当定语、状语、补语、定语，不可能充当主语、宾语； 过去分词不像现在分词有多种体现时态和语态的形式，只有一种形式done表示。 1、过去分词可以充当主谓宾补句型中的宾语补语；它与宾语是被动关系，或者说它与宾语是动宾关系。 (1) We found the fish eaten by our cat. (2) I can’t make myself understood because of my poor English. 2、过去分词可以充当定语；充当定语当然是修饰主语、宾语等名性的结构；表达过去分词的动作是被动的或完成，或即被动又完成的。 (1) The party had last night (which was had last night) was very cheerful. (2) USA is a developed country (a country which has been developed). (3) A great number of students questioned (who had been questioned) said they were forced to practice the piano. 3、过分词可以充当状语，它与主句主语是被动关系，或者说它与主句的主语是动宾关系； 过去分词一般只强调被动动作而不强调时间，多用于条件和原因状语；(1) Taken in time, the medicine will turn out to be very effective. If the medicine is taken in time, it will turn out to be very effective. (2) Offered an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.
第四章非谓语动词 第一节基本知识与基本概念 【什么是非谓语动词？】 用最庸俗的方式说，动词在使用中一般有六种形式：原形，单数第三人称形式，过去式形式，不定式形式，-ing形式，-ed形式。其中，前三种形式可以单独作谓语，而后三种则没有这个能力。如： I do the housework every morning. My wife never does anything at home. But she did it when we first got married. 以上三个句子就是很正确的英语。但是，如果把其中的谓语换成to do, doing, done就不成立了。这就是上面说的它们三个没有能力独立作谓语。其中，“独立”二字非常重要，因为，如果有其他词的帮助，就可以了。如： The Whites are planning to buy a third car. They have sold their house. 综上所述，所谓的非谓语动词指的就是动词的不定式形式，-ing形式，-ed形式等三种形式。与非谓语动词相关的考点也都将围绕着这三种形式展开。 【非谓语动词形式的基本特征】 一、不定式形式，-ing形式，-ed形式均没有“时”的标记。但不定式形式和-ing形式有“体”和“态”的特征。既前面二者有一般进行体、完成体和完成进行体之分；有主动态和被动态之分。-ed形式比较特殊，它既没有“时”的标记，也没有“体”和“态”的特征。 二、非谓语动词也有及物不及物之分；如果是及物动词又有单宾、双宾和复合宾语及物动词之分。因此，非谓语动词后面同样可以有补足成分。如： 跟补语：to feel thirsty getting cold 跟宾语：to do one’s work drinking wine 跟状语：to fly high eating carelessly 三、非谓语动词也有否定形式，即把否定词not直接置于其前。如： to do --- not to do doing --- not doing having done --- not having done 四、非谓语动词词组中的不定式和-ing形式在句子中可以起名词词组的作用。如： To teach is to learn twice. Drinking will not help you out of the trouble. He was accused of polluting the lake. 以上诸例中的to teach, to learn, drinking, polluting这些结构既有动词的意义，有起到了名词词组的作用。这样的功能在谓语动词形式（do, does, did）来说，是绝对没有的。这也是同学们经常在写作中犯的错误之一。-ed形式也没有这个功能。 五、非谓语动词形式可以起形容词的作用。如： drinking water smiling faces a frozen pond boiled eggs 【什么是逻辑主语和逻辑宾语】 逻辑主语和逻辑宾语是老师讲解非谓语动词相关知识经常提及的两个概念。它们是针对语法主语和语法宾语提出来的。从语法上讲，只有句子的谓语动词才有资格有自己的语法上的主语和语法上的宾语，就是我们平时所说的主语和宾语。如果该动词作的不是谓语动词，那
非谓语动词专练100题 1. The great hall was crowded with many people, _____ many children _____on their parents’ laps. A. including; seated B. including; seating C. included; sat D. included; sitting 2. It’s said that the Olympic Games _____ in Beiji ng in 2008 will cover more events than any other Olympics did. A. holding B. to be held C. held D. to be holding 3. _____ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water. A. Being no rain B. There was no rain C. To be no rain D. There being no rain 4. Yesterday a street-beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly, _____ him a millionaire overnight. A. making B. makes C. to make D. made 5. In the face of the big fire in October in California, many people in the fire-stricken areas moved out _____. A. to escape burning B. to escape being burned C. escaping burned D. escaping from burning 6. Taking this medicine, if _____, will of course do good to his health. A. continued B. to continue C. continues D. continuing 7. The little boy still needs the _____ 20 dollars to do with some things _____. A. remaining; remained to be settled B. remaining; remaining to be settled C. remained; remained to settle D. remained; remaining to settle 8. _____ his age, the little boy read quite well. A. Considering B. Considered C. Consider D. Having considered 9. _____ from the appearance, it is very peaceful; but in fact, a war will break out soon. A. Judged B. Judging C. Having judged D. To judge 10. —Tom enjoys _____ basketball on Sunday afternoons, doesn’t he? — Yes, he does. But what his sister enjoys _____. A. to play; dancing B. playing; to dance C. to play; to dance D. playing; is to dance 11. His letter, _____ to the wrong number, reached me late. A. having been addressed B. to have addressed C. to have been addressed D. being addressed 12. The Space Shuttle Columbia broke into pieces over Texas as it returned to the earth on February 1, 2003, _____ all seven astronauts aboard. A. having killed B. killing C. being killed D. killed 13. There are lots of places of interest _____ in our city. A. needs repairing B. needing repaired C. needed repairing D. needing to be repaired 14. — What caused the party to be put off? — _____ the invitations. A. Tom delayed sending B. Tom’s delaying sending C. Tom delaying to send D. Tom delayed to send 15. I was afraid _____ to my customers because I was afraid _____ them. A. of talking back; to lose B. of talking back; of losing C. to talk back; to lose D. to talk back; of losing 16. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but _____ the flowing of the smog
一、选择题 1．—Let's think about _______ A Bite of China tonight? —That sounds good! A．watch B．watching C．to watch D．watches 2．—Do you prefer basketball with me? 一No,I’d rather at home and watch TV. A．play;stay B．to play;to stay C．play;to stay D．to play;stay 3．If you really don’t know _______ at the party, you can come to me. A．who will you talk with B．who to talk C．who to talk to D．who you will talk 4．—You don’t know what great difficulty I had ________ to get the two tickets. —But the film is really worth _________ twice. A．managing; seeing B．to manage; seeing C．managing; being seen D．managed; to see 5．Our parents won't allow us _____ in the river alone. A．swim B．to swim C．swimming D．swam 6．—It’s time _____ lunch. —OK. Let’s _____. A．for; go B．for; going C．to; going D．to; go 7．— Mr. Wang, I have trouble __________ the text. — Remember __________ it three times at least. A．to understand；reading B．understanding；to read C．understanding；reading D．to understand；to read 8．Dan shows an interest in musical instruments and is often heard _____ the guitar. A．play B．played C．playing D．to play 9．The snow makes them______ cold, so they want to make a fire_______ warm. A．feel , to keep B．to feel, keep C．feel, keep D．to feel ,to keep 10．It usually takes him half an hour ________ the homework. A．finish B．finishing C．to finish 11．The journey made them ________very tired. A．to feel B．feeling C．feel 12．I don’t know how________there. I need to look at the map.
非谓语动词 一：基本形态及表达作用 1.一般式不定式（to）+ do 说明行为在谓语动词所表示的行为之后，多数是那些表愿望的词：want; hope; expect; wish 等。 I want to go home. I hope to see you. 说明行为与谓语动词表示的行为同时发生，多数是那些省略不定式符号的词，一般是复合宾语。 I saw him come in. He helped him (to) carry things. 2.一般式动名词 V-ing 表示动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发出。 We enjoyed seeing the film. I am thinking of taking over the job. 在动词insist on; rely on; count on(相信)等后表示动作在谓语动词表示的动作之后发生。 He insisted on doing that work 在有些明确表示时间先后的动词和介词on; upon after代替完成动名词表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作先发生。 I remember seeing him before. On arriving Beijing, he went to see his friend. 3.一般式分词 现在分词 v+ing 3.1.1持续性动词 说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 He stood there speaking. Holding a book under his arm, he entered the room. 3.1.2终止性动词 说明分词表示的动作发生之后，句中谓语动词表示的动作立刻发生。 Entering the room, I found nobody in. Turning to the right, you will find the post office. 过去分词 3.2.1通常说明分词表示的动作，此句中谓语动词表示的动作先发生。 Written in simple English, the book is easy to read. I can't find my lost pen. 3.2.2说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语动词表示的动作并无先后。 He is a person well-known in this country. 3.2.3代替完成式现在分词的被动语态。 Educated by the party, he became a brave fighter. 4.完成式不定式 to+have done 说明行为动词在谓语动词表示的行为动词之前发生。 I'm sorry to have troubled you. He is said to have come here. He is thought to have done it. He is believed to have done it. He seemed to have known it. 在wish, hope, expect, intend, mean, suppose等动词过去时后，说明行为动词没有实现。We wished to have done this.
【英语】高三英语非谓语动词专题训练答案及解析 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．（北京）_________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience A．Travel B．Traveling C．Having traveled D．Traveled 【答案】B 【解析】考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____ along the old Silk Road”做主语，要用动名词，故B选项正确。 点睛：动名词是动词-ing形式的一种，兼有动词和名词特征。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。 2．The girl is so grateful whenever she remembers my brother and me ____ her from the icy water. A．to have saved B．to save C．saving D．saved 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这个女孩是有感恩之心的，无论何时她都记得我和我弟弟把她从冰水里救出的情形。固定短语：remember sb. doing sth记得某人做过某事。故C选项正确。 3．He got up late and hurried to his office, _______ the breakfast untouched. A．left B．to leave C．leaving D．having left 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他起晚了，没有吃早饭就匆忙赶往办公室。he与leave是主谓关系，即他让......处于某种状态，应该用现在分词表伴随状况，排除A、B；“hurried”和“leaving”两个动作是同时发生的，当两个动作有时间先后关系时，需要使用现在分词的完成式，排除D；leave the breakfast untouched没有动早餐，故选C。 4．Several years ago they found in England a tomb of a man ____ from around 2,300 B．C．A．dated B．dating C．dates D．to date 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：几年前，他们在英格兰发现了一个可追溯至公元前2300年左右的
高中英语语法讲解【非谓语动词】【专题要点】 非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下： 1.动名词和动词不定式作主语、宾语； 2.只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语； 3.只跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词； 4.既可以跟动名词又可以跟动词不定式作宾语，且意义不同的动词或短语； 5.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别； 6.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语时的区别； 7.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语时的区别； 8.动名词的复合结构在句中作状语； 9.there be 结构的两种非谓语形式； 10.独立主格结构在句中作状语； 11.with复合结构在句中作状语或定语。 【教法指引】 非谓语动词包括不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词，是高中英语学习的难点，也是高考考查的重点。高中英语非谓语动词是一个重要考点，教师在引导学生复习备考中要注意重点突出、训练得当，尤其是对以下要点的复习： 1.不定式、现在分词与过去分词的用法区别； 2.非谓语动词的主动式与被动式； 3.非谓语动词完成式的用法； 4.非谓语动词用作伴随状语； 5.非谓语动词用作目的状语； 6.非谓语动词用作结果状语； 7.非谓语动词用作宾语补足语；
8.非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题； 9.非谓语动词用作主语的问题； 10.“（be+）过去分词+介词”结构； 11.动名词的复合结构和there be结构的非谓语动词形式。 对于独立主格结构的复习，教师必须要讲清它的构成方式和在句子中的作用以及与with复合结构和分词之间的辨析的关系。 【知识网络】 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 （1）动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited（禁止）here．这里禁止抽烟。（抽象） It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。（具体）（2）动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。（经验） Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。（经验） （3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job.我只花了五分钟的时间来完成这项工作。 2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 （1）不定式作表语 1）不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 What I would suggest is to start work at once. 我的建议是立刻开始干。
非谓语动词 非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(－ing)、现在分词(－ing)与过去分词(－ed)。它们不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不能充当谓语，但可以充当句子的其他成分，并且有时态和语态的变化。 动词不定式
定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。 一、不定式的意义 1. 不定式的一般式：一般式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后。当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动式(to be done). eg: He seemed to be tired. The building to be finished next month is for our teachers. 2. 不定式的进行式：进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语的动作同时发生。 . When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world. 3. 不定式的完成式：如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式( to have been done).
. He is said to have written a novel about the Long March. He is said to have been taught French when he was a child. 4. 不定式的完成进行式：如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行或有可能继续进行的动作，就要用完成进行式. eg: We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month. 二、不定式的用法： 1. 不定式做主语：不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。而动名词doing 表示习惯的，经常的动作。 1)不定式作主语时,谓语用单数 To do such things is foolish. 2）主系表结构 To see is to believe. 3)it形式主语。当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，将不定式放到谓语的后面。 常用于下列结构中： (1)It is/was +adj.+(of sb.) to do…（如 good/ kind/ nice/ clever/ foolish/ selfish…） (2)It is +adj.+(for sb.)+to do…（如easy / difficult / hard / / unwise / possible/ necessary…） (3)It is +a/an +名词+ to do...（如a pity/ a shame / a pleasure /one’s duty / an honor …）
【英语】高三英语非谓语动词专项训练及答案 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．(山东) There is a note pinned to the door ___________ when the shop will open again. A．saying B．says C．said D．having said 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：在这个句子中note和say是主动关系，所以要用saying。此处saying引导的句子做伴随状语。句意为：门上钉着张纸条，写着这家商店什么时候再营业。故答案选A。考点：考查非谓语动词。 【知识拓展】非谓语动词的选择要根据所填的动词及它所要修饰的逻辑主语之间的关系确定。doing表主动表进行；done表被动表完成；to do表目的表将来。 【名师点睛】本题考查非谓语。先把句子简化：There is a note (which is pinned to the door) saying when the shop will open again.伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生，它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的，本题考查的是现在分词做伴随状语,用ing形式。现在分词短语表示与主句的主语在逻辑上有主谓关系，即表示主动意义；而过去分词短语则表示与主句的主语在逻辑上是动宾关系，即被动意义；如：He went to the classroom holding two books； He went to the forest , followed by two dogs. 2．John always gets up early in the morning _____ energetic and ready to start a new day. A．feel B．to feel C．feeling D．felt 【答案】C 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：John总是一大早起床，感觉精力充沛并准备开始新的一天。现在分词做伴随状态。故选C。 3．Several years ago they found in England a tomb of a man ____ from around 2,300 B．C．A．dated B．dating C．dates D．to date 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：几年前，他们在英格兰发现了一个可追溯至公元前2300年左右的男子坟墓。date from表示“追溯到(某一时期)，始于(某一时期)”，a tomb of a man（男子的坟墓）与date from之间为主动关系，应使用现在分词短语作后置定语，若用句子表示二者之间的关系，可以说成A tomb of a man dates from around 2,300 B．C．故选B。 4．(北京)___________the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
一、表格的用法 1.doing 的用法 （1）在要求动词后（作宾语）：avoid避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge承认/自认 admit 承认advocate提倡/主张consider 考虑 can't help不禁 can't stand受不了contemplate细想complete完成confess坦白 dislike不喜欢，讨厌deserve值得 delay 延迟 deny否认 dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌恶 enjoy享有/喜爱envy嫉妒endure忍受excuse借口escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原谅 fancy幻想/爱好favor 造成/偏爱figure描绘/计算hate讨厌 imagine设想involve卷入/包含keep保持miss错过mention说到/讲到mind 介意pardon原谅/饶恕permit允许 postpone推迟practice 实行/实践prevent阻止quit放弃停止risk冒险recall回想resist抵抗/阻止 resume恢复repent悔悟resent怨恨stand坚持/忍受suggest建议save营救/储蓄tolerate忍受
worth值得 You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. （2）表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. （3）表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. （4）表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. （5）表性质；特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her.
非谓语动词专项练习 1.The meeting _______ next week is sure to be a great success. A. to take place B. to be taken place C. to have taken place D. being taken place 2._______ by the Comrade Lei Feng, we try our best to do good deeds. A. Inspired B. Being inspired C. To be inspired D. Inspiring 3.It's no good _______ here. Let's go home. A. to wait B. waited C. waiting D. being waited 4.I listened to the wind, ______ that he would not come tonight. A. thinking B. to think C. thought D. being thinking 5.As a result of my laziness, I failed ________ my work in time. A. and finished B. to finish C. and finishing D. to finished 6.I am sorry ______ written you a letter at the time. A. to have not B. to not have C. not to have D. not having 7.Tom apologized to me ______ again. A. to be late B. of being late C. to have been late D. for being late 8.I remained _______ long after I had been told the story. A. puzzling B. puzzled C. being puzzled D. to be puzzled 9.Will you lend him a magazine _________? A. to be read B. for reading C. to read D. he read 10.The article _________on this subject was written by Mr. Black. A. referring B. referred C. referring to D. referred to 11.Living near the sea, ___________________. A. we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight B. healthy air and beautiful sight is what we enjoy C. it is healthy air and beautiful sight we enjoy D. so we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight 12.__________ since the night before, I felt very hungry. A. Having not eaten anything B. Not eating anything C. I hadn't eaten anything D. Not having eaten anything 13.We then listened to the child ________ the article ______ on the blackboard. A. read, writing B. reading, writing C. to read, written D. read, written 14.________ it with me and I'll see what I can do. A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave 15._________ such a chance, why don't you have a try? A. To give B. Having C. Given D. Giving 16.We discussed the plan that we would like to see ________ the next week. A. carry on B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 17._________ made them much disappointed. A. His not coming back B. Not his coming back C. He not to come back D. Not he come back 18.Five people were reported ________ in the accident. A. to be killed B. to kill C. killed D. to have been killed 19.I flew to Paris this morning, my assistant ________ me there this Friday. A. joining B. to join C. will join D. wants to join 20.He tried to calm himself, _______ . A. force B. to force C. forcing D. forced 21.____________ , I went to the park with my uncle. A. As holiday B. Being no classes C. Since have no classes D. It being a holiday 22. "Do you mind _________?" "Go ahead." A. opening the door B. your opening the door C. my opening the door D. I opening the door 23. I have one or two things ____________. A. to look B. to see C. to see to D. to look to 24._________ is bad for his health. A. Mike smoking B. Mike's smoking C. Mike's being smoking D. Mike smokes 25.I came into the classroom, ______ my seat and sat down to read. A. finding B. to find C. found D. founded 26.I am tired and I don't feel like _____ any further. A. to walk B. to be walking C. walking D. walk 27.She did nothing but ________walk in the street. A. taking B. take C. to take D. took 28.It is a problem that doesn't need ________ right now. A. to solve B. solving C. being solved D. to be solving 29.I ________ my handbag stolen last week. A. had B. let C. lost D. left 30.________ by a crowd of people, I felt nervous, ______ what to say. A. Watching, didn't know B. Having watched, and not knew C. Having been watch, not known D. Being watched, not knowing