现在完成时
知识精讲
一、现在完成时
表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在。
二、句子结构
主语+ has/ have+done (过去分词)
三、基本用法
四、时间状语
1. yet (常用于否定或疑问句中), already (常用于肯定句中)
2. since+过去时间点/过去时的从句（译为：自从……以来）
3. for+时间段
4. just, so far, recently, never, ever, twice…
5. in the past/ last few days
五、动词过去分词的规则变化
六、动词过去分词的不规则变化
七、相关句式
答语：Yes,主语+has/ have. / No,主语+hasn’t/ haven’t.
八、瞬间动词和延续性动词之间的转换
在完成时中，一个瞬间动词不能直接与表示一段时间的状语(for, since等)连用。此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词：
例：The film began five minutes ago. 5分钟前这部电影就开始放映了。 ---The film has been on for five minutes. 这部电影已经开始放映5分钟了。
---It has been five minutes since the film began. 自从这部电影放映开始已经有5分钟的时间了。
1.用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词
1). “be＋married”代替marry
2). “be＋ill”代替fall (get) ill
3). “be＋dead”代替die
4). “be＋asleep”代替fall (get) asleep
5). “be＋awake”代替wake/ wake up
6). “be＋gone”代替lose, die, sell, leave
7). “be＋open”代替open
8). “be closed”代替close/ shut
2.用“be＋副词”代终止性动词
1). “be＋on”代替start, begin
2). “be＋up”代替get up
3). “be＋back (to)”代替return to, come back to, go back to
4). “be here (there)”代替come (arrive, reach, get) here或
go (arrive, reach, get) there等等
3.用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词
1). “be in/at +地点”代替go to/ come to
2). “be in the army”代替join the army
3). “be in/at +地点”代替move to
三点剖析
一、考点：现在完成时的基本用法和时间状语；以及动词过去分词的变化规则。
二、易错点： has gone (to); has been (to); has been (in) 三者的区别。
1. has gone to：表示某人已去了某地（现未回来）（不可与for+一段时间连用）。
例：---Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里？
---He has gone to Shanghai. 他已经去了上海。
2. has been to：表示去过某地（现已回来）（不可与for+一段时间连用）。
例：I have been to New York three times so far.
到目前为止，我已经去过纽约三次了。
3. has been in：表示一直待在某地，常与时间段搭配。
例：I have been in the army for more than 5 years.
我在部队已经待了五年多了。
题模精讲
题模一基本用法
例1.1、
I _________ already _________ in this school for three years.
A、w as; studying
B、a re; studying
C、w ill; study
D、h ave; studied
例1.2、
I _________ English since 2010.
A、h ave learnt
B、h ave learn
C、l earnt
D、l earn
例1.3、
I _________ my pencil yet.
A、h ave find
B、h aven’t found
C、f ound
D、f ind
例1.4、
Mr. Brown isn’t at home. He _________ to his office.
A、h as been
B、h as gone
C、h as go
D、w ent
题模二动词过去分词变化规则
例2.1、
They _________ (not read) the interesting books yet.
例2.2、
用动词的适当形式填空。
1. She _________ (live) in Hubei for two years.
例2.3、
You needn’t tell him. I _________ (tell) him already.
例2.4、
We _________ just _________ (have) our lunch.
例2.5、
Peter _________ (live) in his hometown since he left here.题模三句型转换
例3.1、
I have been there for two years.
否定句：___________________________________
疑问句：___________________________________
肯定回答：___________________________________
否定回答：___________________________________
例3.2、
My father has lived here since 2000.
否定句：___________________________________
疑问句：___________________________________
肯定回答：___________________________________
否定回答：___________________________________
随堂练习
随练1.1、
Miss Green isn’t in the office. She_______ to the library
A、w ent
B、w as
C、h as gone
D、h as been
随练1.2、
Zhao Lan _________ already _________ in this school for two years.
A、w as; studying
B、w ill; study
C、h as; studied
D、a re; studying
随练1.3、
We _________ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.
A、k now
B、h ad known
C、h ave known
D、k new
随练1.4、
His father _________ the Party since 1978.
A、j oined
B、h as joined
C、w as in
D、h as been in
随练1.5、
---Our country _________ a lot so far.
---Yes. I hope it will be even _________.
A、h as changed; well
B、c hanged; good
C、h as changed; better
D、c hanged; better
随练1.6、
Her grandfather _________ for two years.
A、h as been dead
B、h as died
C、d ied
D、h as been died
随练1.7、
用动词的适当形式填空。
1. She’s _________ (live) here ever since she was ten.
2. Both of them _________ (be) in Hong kong for ten days.
3. Half an hour _________ (pass) since the train _________ (leave).
4. Mary lost her pen. _________ you_________ (see) it here and there?
5. _________ you _________ (find) your watch yet?
6. All of my classmates are not in classroom. Maybe they _________ (go) to the library.
随练1.8、
句型转换
1. I have ever been to India and Russia.
否定句：___________________________________
疑问句：___________________________________
肯定回答：___________________________________
否定回答：___________________________________
2. I’ve worked here for ten years.
否定句：___________________________________
疑问句：___________________________________
肯定回答：___________________________________
否定回答：___________________________________
3. Mike has already found his watch.
否定句：___________________________________
疑问句：___________________________________
肯定回答：___________________________________
否定回答：___________________________________
过去完成时
知识精讲
一、过去完成时
表示以在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。
二、句子结构
主语+had+done (过去分词)三、基本用法
四、时间状语
1. by the end of+过去的时间点: by the end of last year
2. By the time+从句( sb. + did + sth. )
3. before+过去的时间点: before last Monday
4. when引导的时间状语从句
五、动词过去分词的规则变化
六、动词过去分词的不规则变化
七、相关句式
三点剖析
一、考点：过去完成时的基本用法和时间状语。
二、易错点：
过去完成时时间状语剖析：
1. by the end of +过去的时间点：“到……末”主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
例：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
到上学期末我们已经学了二千多个英语单词。
2. By the time +从句( sb. + did)：“截止到……为止”，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
例：The movie had been on by the time we got there.
当我们带那儿的时候，电影已经开始了。
题模精讲
题模一基本用法
例1.1、
The party _________ before he arrived.
A、b egin
B、b egan
C、h ad begun
D、h as begun
例1.2、
By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _________ the dinner already.
A、h ad cooked
B、c ooked
C、h ave cooked
D、w as cooked
例1.3、
Lucy told me that her sister _________ to the bank when I arrived.
A、h ad just been
B、h ad just gone
C、h as just been
D、h as just gone
题模二动词过去分词的变化规则
例2.1、
1. When he got to the classroom, the class _________ (finish).
例2.2、
They _________ (not know) each other before they got married.
例2.3、
My mother _________ (read) seven books by the end of last year.例2.4、
After I _________ (eat) my dinner, it began to rain.
例2.5、
On returning home, I found I _________ (leave) my umbrella in the office.
题模三句型转换
例3.1、
I had sold the ticket when she came.
否定句：_________________________________
疑问句：_________________________________
肯定回答：_________________________________
否定回答：_________________________________
例3.2、
She had sung a song to us before she danced.
否定句：_________________________________
疑问句：_________________________________
肯定回答：_________________________________
否定回答：_________________________________
例3.3、
By 10 am. , I had been very hungry.
否定句：_________________________________
疑问句：_________________________________
肯定回答：_________________________________
否定回答：_________________________________
随堂练习
随练2.1、
He asked me _________ during the summer holidays.
A、w here I had been
B、w here I had gone
C、w here had I been
D、w here had I gone
随练2.2、
用动词的适当形式填空。
1. The Reads _________ (have) lunch when I _________ (get) to their house.
2. My grandmother had prepared dinner before I _________ (arrive) home.
3. We _________ (learn) about 1000 English proverbs by the end of last term.
4. Paul _________ (go) out with Jane after he _________ (make) a phone call.
5. Tom said he ___________ (read) the book twice.
随练2.3、
I _________ 900 English words by the time I was ten.
A、l earned
B、w as learning
C、h ad learned
D、l earnt
随练2.4、
He _________ to play _________ before when he was 11 years old.
A、h ad learned; piano
B、h ad learned; the piano
C、h as learned; the piano
D、l earns; piano
随练2.5、
By the end of last week, they _________ the bridge.
A、h as completed
B、c ompleted
C、w ill complete
D、h ad completed
随练2.6、
句型转换
1. The meeting had begun by the time I got there yesterday.
否定句：__________________________________
疑问句：__________________________________
肯定回答：__________________________________
否定回答：__________________________________
2. All the tickets had sold out before Mary went to the box office at lunch time.
否定句：__________________________________
疑问句：__________________________________
肯定回答：__________________________________
否定回答：__________________________________
3. By the time I got to the cinema, the movie had been on for ten minutes.
否定句：__________________________________
疑问句：__________________________________
肯定回答：__________________________________
否定回答：__________________________________
自我总结
能力拓展
拓展1、
Hurry up! The play _____ for ten minutes.
A、h ad begun
B、h as been on
C、b egan.
拓展2、
---Do you know him well?
--- Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago.
A、w ere
B、h ave been
C、h ave become
D、h ave made
拓展3、
Tom and Jack _________ West Hill Farm already.
A、h ave got
B、h ave arrived at
C、h ave been to
D、r eached
拓展4、
---Where have you _________, Kate?
---I’ve _________ to the bank.
A、g one; gone
B、b een; been
C、g one; been
D、b een; gone
拓展5、
My parents _________ Shandong for ten years.
A、h ave been in
B、h ave been to
C、h ave gone to
D、h ave been
拓展6、
用动词的适当形式填空。
1. We _________ already _________ (return) the book.
2. My father _________ (read) this book since yesterday.
3. Jack _________ (finish) his homework already.
4. ---Are you thirsty?
---No, I _________ just _________ (have) some orange.
5. My father _________ (read) the novel twice.
6. ---Where is Jim?
--- He _________ (go) to England.
拓展7、
句型转换
1. Linda has gone to the teacher’s office.
否定句：___________________________________
疑问句：___________________________________
肯定回答：___________________________________
否定回答：___________________________________
2. I have already seen the film.
否定句：___________________________________
疑问句：___________________________________
肯定回答：___________________________________
否定回答：___________________________________
3. She has watched the film twice.
现在完成时 一、现在完成时构成 构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have. 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下： 1、现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2、表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如： I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday.
①for+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来） ③since+时段+ago ④since+从句（过去时） ⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时） Mary has been ill?for three days. I have lived here?since 1998. 注意： since和for的区别 since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。3、表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说： He has come here for 2 weeks. × The old man has died for 4 months. × They have left only for 5 minutes. × 4、has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in)?的区别 Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场，可能在路上和已经到) Where is your father?He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方） My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方） My father has been in Shanghai?for two months. /since two months ago. 5、现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。不能与when连用。
外研版英语中考英语过去完成时专题(含答案) 一、初中英语过去完成时 1．Seeing Danel went into the classroom with tears in his eyes, I asked him what . A. happened B. had happened C. would happen D. was happened 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：看着丹尼尔哭着跑进教室，我问他发生了什么。根据动词asked 一般过去时可知，动词happen的动作发生在asked之前，表示过去的过去，用过去完成时had+过去分词。故选B。 【点评】本题考查过去完成时，注意掌握过去完成时的结构had+过去分词。 2．Simon ________ the piano for ages when he gave his first concert. A. has played B. is playing C. had played D. will play 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：西蒙举行第一次音乐会时，他已经弹了很多年钢琴了。根据时间状语when he gave his first concert.可知此处用过去的时态，表示先弹钢琴弹了很多年，然后开了音乐会，表示过去的过去，应该用过去完成时：had+动词的过去分词，故答案为C。 【点评】考查过去完成时。掌握过去完成时的意义（过去的过去）和构成：had+动词的过去分词。 3．By the end of last month, Jane _____ enough money for the poor sick boy. A. raised B. would raise C. had raised D. has raised 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：在上个月末，珍已经为贫穷的生病的孩子筹集到了足够的钱。根据By the end of last month，可知句子的时态为过去完成时，C是过去完成时结构，故答案是C。 【点评】考查过去完成时，注意过去完成的时的判定方法。 4．By the end of 2012, many buildings built in our city. A. have been B. have C. had been D. will 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：到2012年底，我们的城市里已经建成了很多大楼。Buildings是build这一动作的承受者，该用被动语态。而被动语态是由“be + 及物动词的过去分词”构成。根据By the end of 2012可知该用过去完成时，所以选C。 5．Yesterday when I _______ to the station, the train ______ already. A. got, had left B. got, has left C. had got, left D. got, left
现在完成时的用法和过去式的主要区别： 1. 概念上的区别： —般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对现在”产生的影响。 现在完成时，①表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果； ②过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。 He ViSited Guilin in 1998.他1998年参观过桂林。（只是简单表明在过去某个时间［in 1998］去过 桂林这一事实，除此以外别无其他） Jill has bought a new COmPUter.吉尔买了一台新电脑。（造成的结果是，JiIl现在有了一台新电脑）The pla ne has already arrived 飞机已经抵达了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿。） The Pla ne arrived a quarter of an hour ago. 飞机是一刻钟以前抵达的。（强调动作发生的时间 在过去。） 第一种：对目前造成的影响；过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果； HaVe you Seen the film? （A） Did you See the film? （B） ［说明］你看过这部电影吗？ （A）句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解； （B）句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。 第二种：过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。 He has lived in Beiji ng for 8 years. （A） He lived in Beiji ng for 8 years. （B） ［说明］他在北京住了8年。 （A）句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。
英语过去完成时 A 形式 过去完成时由had＋过去分词构成，因此无人称变化： 肯定式：I had／I’d worked等 否定式：I had not／hadn’t worked等 疑问式：had I worked？等 否定疑问式：had I not／hadn’t I worked？等 B 用法 1 、过去完成时是与现在完成时相当的过去式。 现在完成时： Ann has just left．If you hurry you’ll catch her． 安刚刚走。如果你快一点，就能追上她。（参见第183节。） 过去完成时： When I arrived Ann had just left． 我到的时候，安刚刚离开。 现在完成时： I’ve lost my case． 我的手提箱丢了。（参见第184节。） 过去完成时： He had lost his case and had to borrow Tom’s pyjamas． 他的手提箱丢了，不得不去向汤姆借睡衣睡裤。 但是，过去完成时不像现在完成时那样限于表达未指明时间的动作，因此可以说： He had left his case on the 4∶40 train． 他把手提箱丢在4点40分的火车上了。 2、现在完成时可以和since／for／always等词连用，表示一个开始于过去并仍在继续或刚刚结束的动作。（参见第186节。）与此同理，过去完成时也可以用来表示在所说的过去某一时刻之前就已开始的动作，这一动作： （a）在该时刻仍然在继续；或 （b）在该时刻停止或刚刚停止。 但应注意，过去完成时还可以用来表示： （c）在所说时刻之前某一时候停止的动作。 （a），（b），（c）这三种类型的例句分别列举如下： （a）Bill was in uniform when I met him．He had been a soldier for tenyears／since he was seventeen，and planned to stay in the army till hewas thirty． 我遇到比尔的时候，他身穿军服。那时他已经当了十年兵了／他 从17岁就当兵，并且还计划在军队里呆到30岁。 Ann had lived in a cottage for sixty years／ever since she was born，andhad no wish to move to a tower block．
一般过去时与现在完成时区别专题 一、前言： 初一下学期同学们学习了一般过去时态的相关知识，即将到来的初二上学期英语学习中，现在完成时是重要的学习内容。本文通过对比一般过去时和现在完成时，对现在完成时进行初步讲解，希望使同学们读新学期的学习有所准备。 二、现在完成时 1. 现在完成时的构成 现在完成时是由助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。 2. 现在完成时的用法 现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。 We are good friends.(现在的情况） I knew him in 1997.（过去的动作） We have known each other since 1997. （现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在） （1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如： -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes, I have. I've just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了） （2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。 如：He has taught here since 1981 他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教） I haven't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。 （3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice,ever, never,three times等时间状语。 如：I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。 3.现在完成时的时间状语 （1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。 b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？ -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。 例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。
过去完成时语法精讲 一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点 概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past ）”。 ----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|----------------------------> 那时以前那时现在 构成：过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词”构成，其中had 通用于各种人称。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. # She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning. 二、过去完成时的判断依据 1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （ 1 ）by + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. （ 2 ）by the end of + 过去的时间点。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （3 ）before + 过去的时间点。如： 】 They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （ 1 ）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： She said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 ）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如： ] When I got to the station, the train had already left. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意：before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于before 和after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：Where did you study before you came here After he closed the door, he left the classroom. （ 3 ）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 3. 根据上、下文来判定。 【 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.
初中英语现在完成时专题训练答案 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．He has studied in our school __________. A. since five years B. for five years C. for five years ago D. in five years 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意：他已经在我们学校学习五年了。has studied是现在完成时，和for+段时间连用，since+过去时间和现在完成时连用，in+段时间和一般将来时连用，故选B。 【点评】考查时间状语。根据句意选出正确的时间状语。 2．—How do you like Beijing, Miss Read? —I've no idea. I _____ there. A. have gone B. have been C. haven't been D. haven't gone 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：---你觉得北京怎么样，瑞得小姐？---我不知道，我没有去过那儿。短语：have been to去过某地（已经返回）；have gone to去了某地（尚未返回），根据句意，故答案为C。 【点评】考查短语辨析，区分have been to与have gone to，理解句子，根据语境判断答案。 3．I scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old. A. will be B. was C. have been D. would be 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】由since引导的从句可知主句应用现在完成时，故答案为C。句意是：自从我五岁时被狗伤过之后我就一直怕狗。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时的用法。 4．—How do you like Treasure Island，Lucy？ —It's so exciting that I _______ it twice． A. am reading B. have read C. was reading D. had read 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意：——露西，你认为《金银岛》怎么样？——它是如此令人激动以至于我读了两次。根据twice可知已经发生了，故此处用现在完成时，故为have read，故选B。 【点评】此题考查现在完成时的用法。 5．—They say there is a new restaurant near here.
现在完成时和过去时的区别及练习 一、现在完成时的用法。 1.现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响 I have lost my wallet now. I can’t find it now. 我的钱包掉了，我现在找不到。 2.现在完成时强调过去动作一直持续到现在。 I have had this book for a year. 我拥有这本书1年了。 3.现在完成时表示动作尚未完成。 I have lived here for 5 years. 我在这里住了5年（现在也还在这里住） 4.现在完成时可以与不确切的过去时间连用。 She has entered speaking competition before. 她曾经参加过演讲比赛。 5.现在完成时可以用来描述活着的人的经历。 He has been to America four times. 他去过美国4次。（他现在还活着） 6.现在完成时可以与未完成的时间状语连用。 She has finished her homework today. 今天他已经完成了家庭作业。（today, this week, this year 是未完成的时间状语） 二、过去时的用法 1.
1.表示过去完成的动作，现在已不是这样。 —What do you think of her? 你认为她怎样？ —She was cute. 她曾经很可爱（表示她现在已不可爱了。） 2.与过去某一具体的时间状语连用，表示过去完成的动作。 She lost her wallet yesterday. (她昨天弄丢了她的钱包。) 3.表示去世的人过去的经历。 He went to America four times.一生中, 他去过美国4次（表示他已去世）练习 1.Ronaldo ______________( win) 29 major trophies in his career. 2.I ____________(have)him for three months and I really feel healthy. 3.She_______________(be) ill for three days. 4.They ________________ (not do) much exercise since they got their computer. 5.Kobe Byrant _______________(win) five championships with The Los Angeles Lakers. 6.Fans___________________(buy)about 200 million copies of Tintin’s stories in more than 50 languages. 7.When I was young, I ___________(not like) green vegetables. 8.After he graduated from university, he _________(work) in a big company.
【英语】初中英语过去完成时练习题 一、初中英语过去完成时 1．My grandparents for fifty years by the time My sister was 15. A. married B. had married C. had got married D. had been married 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意：到我妹妹十五岁的时候，我的祖父母已经结婚五十年了。根据for fifty years 五十年和be动词was，可知是表示一段时间的状语，谓语动词具有持续性，用过去完成时had been married“结婚”表状态。故选D。 【点评】本题考查过去完成时，注意通过时间状语及动词判断句子的时态。 2．By the time I finished my homework，my mother ． A. slept B. has been asleep C. was asleep D. had been asleep 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】由上文“By the time ”和“ finished”可知此处应为过去完成时，故选D. 【点评】考查过去完成时。 3．Before O'Shea hosted the Joy FM program in Beijing, he_______ in Hongkong for ten years. A. works B. has worked C. had worked D. would work 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：O'Shea在北京主持Joy FM节目前，他已经在香港工作了10年了。根据Before O'Shea hosted the Joy FM program in Beijing可知，主持节目这个动作发生在过去，而在香港呆了十年是发生在过去的过去，时态要用过去完成时（had +过去分词），故选C。 【点评】考查动词的时态。牢记过去完成时的用法。 4．Yesterday when I _______ to the station, the train ______ already. A. got, had left B. got, has left C. had got, left D. got, left 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：昨天当我到达车站时，火车已经离开了。结合语境可知前文时间状语从句描述的是过去某时发生的动作，故用一般过去时态。下文，描述的是过去某时前已经完成的动作，故用过去完成时态，选A。 【点评】英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断。解答此类题型，首先要注意句子中的时间状语，如果没有则要通过分析上下文，结合语境来判断句子的时态。英语疑问句中一般具有时态上的对应关系，注意结合这一特点进行区分。
一、单项选择。 1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they what's happened to him . Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know 2、He has been to Shanghai , has he ? Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still 3、Have you met Mr Li ？ Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago 4、The famous writer one new book in the past two years Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written 5、—Our country a lot so far . —Yes . I hope it will be even . Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan already in this school for two years . Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying 7、We Xiao Li since she was a little girl . Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I it twice . Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see 9、—These farmers have been to the United States . —Really ? When there ? Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone 10、—you your homework yet ? —Yes . I it a moment ago . Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish 11、His father the Party since 1978 . Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in 12、—Do you know him well ? —Sure .We friends since ten years ago . Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made 13、—How long have you here ? —About two months . Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived 14、Hurry up! The play for ten minutes . Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been onＤ. began 15、It ten years since he left the army .
一般过去时和现在完成时用法区别（详细点） 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语：every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. 不受时间限制的 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 客观存在 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 3) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性、特征。 I don't want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. ※4)由连词if unless before as soon as when once however 等引起的时间(条件、让步)状语从句,需要用一般现在时,表示将来时. 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。 现在完成时用法解析 1.构成 现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。 2.用法 （1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如： -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了） （2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表
过去完成时练习题 一、 ()(1)The police found that the house _______and a lot of things_________. A. has broken into, has been stolen B. had broken into, had been stolen C. has been broken into, stolen D. had been broken into, stolen ()(2)By the end of this century, we__ ours into a strong modern country. A. will build B. had built C. have built D. will have built ()(3)We _________the work by six yesterday evening. A. finished B.would finish C. had finished D. had been finished ()(4)I _________to help you but couldn’t get here in time. A. want B. had wanted C. have wanted D. was wanting ()(5) Mrs. Wu told me that her sister___________. A. left about two hours before B. would leave about two hours before C. has left about two hours ago D. had left about two hours before () (6)When I reached home, my parents __________their supper. A.are having B.have already had C.have had D. had already had () (7)It seems that the old man _________something important. A.has lost B. had lost C. lost D. would lose () (8)She __________in this school ________the past ten years. A.was teaching, since B. had been teaching, since C.would teach, for D. has been teaching, for () (9)Did you see Xiao Li at the party? No, ______by the time I arrived.
【初中英语】现在完成时知识点总结 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．The small shop ________ for several years. A. opened B. has been opened C. has opened D. has been open 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】open是非延续性动词，和表示一段时间的时间状语连用必须转化为延续性动词be open.根据句意，本句应用现在完成时态，故选D。 【点评】考查open转化为be open, be open里的open是形容词，不能加ed.. 2．The volunteers ________ a lot of help to the old and the young since 2010． A. offered B. have offered C. are offering D. will offer 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】考查时态．句意"自2010以来，志愿者们向老人和青年提供了大量的帮助．"．A过去时．B现在完成时态．C现在进行时态．D一般将来时态．since+点时间通常用于现在完成时态，结构是have/has+动词的过去分词，主语是volunteers复数，用助动词have．offer的过去分词是offered．答案是B． 3．I am surprised at the new look of my hometown，for it _____ a lot over the years． A. changed B. changes C. will change D. has changed 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】我对我的家乡的新面貌感到惊讶，因为这几年改变了很多， 结合over the years可知表达的动作发生在过去，对现在造成一定的影响，故用现在完成时have/has+过去分词，主语it，故has，故答案是D． 4．I scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old. A. will be B. was C. have been D. would be 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】由since引导的从句可知主句应用现在完成时，故答案为C。句意是：自从我五岁时被狗伤过之后我就一直怕狗。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时的用法。
初中英语时态专题八：过去完成时（Word版） 过去完成时 一、过去完成时的概念过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生 或完成了的动作，即 “过去的过去”。 二、过去完成时的构成 过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词”构成，其中had 通用于各种人称。 eg.1 When I got to school, the bell had rung. eg.2 By the time I got home ,my little brother had gone to bed. eg.3 By the time I got outside, the bus had already left. 三、过去完成时的用法 用法1：过去完成时动词表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时。 1.他说他以前见过你。 He said that he (see) you before. 2.我出去的时候,公共汽车已经开走了。 By the time I got outside, the bus （leave）. 用法2：过去完成时动词可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态，这一动作一直持续或将继续下去。常和for, since 构成的时间状语连用。 1. 到了六点钟为止，他们已经工作了八小时了。 By six o'clock they (work)for eight hours. 2. 我到广州时，他在那里很长时间了。 When I came to GangZhou , he (be) there for a long time. 用法3. 过去完成时和already, just, ever, yet 等连用表示过去的过去。 1. 他告诉我说他们队已经赢了。 He told me that his team already (win). 2. 她说她仍没去过长城。 She said that she (not be to) the Great Wall yet. 用法4. 在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 例如：I returned the book that I had borrowed.
一般过去时和现在完成时练习题 1. A. 用already或yet 1) Have they taken down the old pictures ___ ___? No, they haven’t____ ___. 2) Most of us have finished our compositions _____ . 3) He said he hadn’t visited the exhibition _____ ___. B.用since或for 1) We have learned five lessons __ __ _ the beginning of this term. 2) Mrs Liao has been in hospital __ _ ___last week. 3) I have stayed at my aunt’s ___ __two weeks. C. 用have gone或have been 2) Is your father in? No, he ___ _ to Shenzhen. _______he ever ______ there before ? Yes, he ___ there several times 3) He asked me if I___ __ to Hangzhou before. I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I __ __ never _ ___ to that city before. 2. 选择填空 1.Mother __ __me a new coat yesterday. I _______ it on. It fits me well. A. had made…have tried B. made…have tried C. has made…tried D. made…tried 2 “He ____to draw horses already”. “When ______ he ?” “ Last year “ A. learned...has B. learned (i) C. has learned...has D. has learned (i)
外研版英语中考英语真题过去完成时 一、初中英语过去完成时 1．——Jim, did you take out the trash just now? ——No. By the time I came home it . A. have been taken out B. had taken out C. had been taken out 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】take out拿出，带出，by the time直到，came home是过去时，扔垃圾是发生在came之前的动作，过去完成时表示的是过去的过去。又有be+动词过去分词构成被动语态。had been+过去分词，含有被动语态的过去完成时。句意：Jim，刚才是你把垃圾扔了吗？不，我回来的时候垃圾已经被扔了。故选C。 【点评】考查被动语态及过去完成时的用法。 2．Jake _____his key in the office so he had to wait until his wife _______ home. A. has forgotten … comes B. forgot… come C. had left… came D. had left…would come 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：杰克把他的钥匙丢在办公室了，因此他不得不等到他的妻子回家。结合语境可知前文描述的是过去某时前已经完成的动作，故用过去完成时态。下文指的是过去某时的动作，故用一般过去时态。选C。 【点评】英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断。解答此类题型，首先要注意句子中的时间状语，如果没有则要通过分析上下文，结合语境来判断句子的时态。 3．— What do you think of the young lady? — She is hard-working. She ________ all her effort into her work before she got ill. A. has put B. put C. had put D. would put 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：——你认为这位小姐怎样？——她很勤奋。她生病前把她所有的精力都投入到她的工作中。根据时间状语从句before she got ill.可知主句动作是过去的过去，该用过去完成时态：had+过去分词，故答案为C。 【点评】考查过去完成时。理解句意并掌握过去完成时表示过去的过去，构成为：had+过去分词。 4．The fireman________ the burning building three times before the fire was put out. A. is entering B. has entered C. was entering D. had entered