J2EE文献及翻译
1 引言
本文分析了Hibernate和Struts的机制，提出了一种基于Hibernate和Struts 的J2EE应用开发策略。在这种策略中，模型层用Hibernate实现，视图和控制器则用Struts框架实现。这样可大大降低代码的耦合性以及提高系统的开发效率。关键字Hibernate，Struts，MVC，持久层。
随着Java技术的逐渐成熟与完善，作为建立企业级应用的标准平台，J2EE平台得到了长足的发展。借助于J2EE规范中包含的多项技术：EnterpriseJavaBean(EJB)、Java Servlets(Servlet)、Java Server Pages(JSP)、Java Message Service(JMS)等，开发出了许多应用系统。但是，在传统J2EE 应用的开发过程中也出现了一些问题：1）数据模型和逻辑模型之间的矛盾。目前使用的数据库基本上都是关系型数据库，而Java本质上是一种面向对象的语言，对象在存储和读取时使用SQL和JDBC进行数据库操作，降低了编程的效率以及系统的可维护性；2）传统的J2EE应用多采用基于EJB的重量级框架，这种框架适合于开发大型企业应用，但是使用EJB容器进行开发和调试需要耗费大量时间。为了降低代码的耦合性，提高系统的开发效率，本文提出了一种基于Struts 框架和Hibernate框架的J2EE应用开发策略。
2 J2EE开源技术介绍
数据持久层及Hibernate，Hibernate是一个数据持久层框架，是一种实现
对象和关系之间映射（O/R Mapping）的工具，它对JDBC进行了轻量级的对象封装，使程序员可以使用对象编程思想来操作数据库。它不仅提供了从Java类到数据表的映射，也提供了数据查询和恢复机制。相对于使用JDBC和SQL来操作数据库，使用Hibernate能大大的提高实现的效率。Hibernate框架用配置文件的形式来定义Java对象和数据表之间的映射关系，同时在更深的层面将数据表之间的关系解释为Java对象之间的继承及包含等关系。通过使用HQL语句将复杂的关系算法用对象的方式描述，在很大程度上简化了对数据的查询，加快了开发的效率。在Hibernate中有一个简单而直观的API，用于对数据库所表示的对象执行查询。要创建或修改这些对象，只需在程序中与它们进行交互，然后告诉Hibernate保存即可。这样，大量封装持久化操作的业务逻辑不再需要编写烦琐的JDBC语句，从而使数据持久层得到了极大的简化。
用Struts实现MVC架构MVC（Model-View-Controller）由Trygve Reenskaug提出，首先被应用在SmallTalk-80环境中，是许多交互和界面系统的构成基础。根据界面设计可变性的需求，MVC把交互系统的组成分解成模型、视图、控制器三部分。模型（Model）是软件所处理问题逻辑在独立于外在显示内容和形式情况下的内在抽象，封装了问题的核心数据、逻辑和功能的计算关系，独立于具体的界面表达和I/O操作。视图（View）把表示模型数据及逻辑关系和状态的信息及特定形式展示给用户。它从模型获得显示信息，对于相同的信息可以有多个不同的显示形式或视图。控制器（Controller）是处理用户与软件的交互操作的，其职责是控制提供模型中任何变化的传播，确保用户界面于模型间的对应联系；它接受用户的输入，将输入反馈给模型，进而实现对模型的计算控制，是使模型和视图协调工作的部件。通常一个视图对应一个控制器。模型、
视图与控制器的分离，使得一个模型可以具有多个显示视图。如果用户通过某个视图的控制器改变了模型的数据，所有其它依赖于这些数据的视图都应反映到这些变化。因此，无论何时发生了何种数据变化，控制器都会将变化通知所有的视图，导致显示的更新。这实际上是一种模型的变化-传播机制。
Struts框架最早是作为Apache Jakarta项目的组成部分问世运做，它继承了MVC的各项特性，并根据J2EE的特点，做了相应的变化与扩展。Struts框架很好的结合了Jsp，Java Servlet，Java Bean，Taglib等技术。在Struts中，承担MVC中控制器角色的是ActionServlet。ActionServlet是一个通用的控制组件。这个控制组件提供了处理所有发送到Struts的HTTP请求的入口点。它截取和分发这些请求到相应的动作类（这些动作类都是Action类的子类）。另外控制组件也负责用相应的请求参数填充Action Form（FromBean），并传给动作类（ActionBean）。动作类访问核心商业逻辑，即访问Java Bean或调用EJB。最后动作类把控制权传给后续的JSP文件，由JSP文件生成视图。所有这些控制逻辑利用Struts-config.xml文件来配置。在Struts框架中，视图主要由JSP生成页面完成，Struts提供丰富的JSP标签库，这有利于分开表现逻辑和程序逻辑。模型以一个或多个Java Bean的形式存在。在Struts中，主要存在三种Bean，分别是：Action，ActionForm，EJB或者Java Bean。Struts框架没有具体定义模型层的实现，在实际开发中，模型层通常是和业务逻辑紧密相连的，并且要对底层数据进行操作。下面介绍一种开发策略，将Hibernate引入到Struts框架的模型层中，使用它来进行数据封装和映射，提供持久化的支持。
下面结合开发实践，以在J2EE应用中非常普遍的用户登录过程为例，来说明上述体系结构是如何具体运用的。登录的流程非常清晰：用户从登录页面
login.jsp输入登录信息，系统对登录信息进行验证，如果正确则成功登录，否则提示相应错误信息。在开发过程中，使用Eclipse做为开发环境，同时加载了对Struts及Hibernate提供更好的控制和支持的第三方插件MyEclipse，Web服务器使用Tomcat，数据库选用了Mysql。首先对Hibernate进行配置，只需要对系统自动生成的hibernate.cfg.xml进行修改，配置好数据库连接的各种参数以及定义数据映射文件。由于Hibernate所带的连接池主要用于测试，性能不是很好，可以通过JNDI将其修改为使用Tomcat的连接池。
附件：外文资料原文
J2EE
Andrew Glover
1 Introduction
This text analysis the mechanism of Hibernate and Struts, put forward 1 kind EE according to the J2 of the Hibernate and the Struts application development strategy.In this kind of strategy, the model layer use a Hibernate realization and see diagram and controller to then use a Struts frame a realization.So can consumedly lower the development efficiency that the Ou of code match sex and exaltation system. The key word Hibernate, Struts, the MVC, hold out for long time a layer one preface along with the Java technique of gradual mature and perfect, Be establishment business enterprise class application of
standard terrace, the J2EE terrace got substantial of development.Several technique asked for help from to include in the J2 EE norm:Enterprise JavaBean(EJB), Java Servlets(Servlet), Java Server Pages(JSP), Java Message Service(JMS).etc., development many application system.But, also appeared some problem in the tradition J2 the EE the application of the development the process: the antinomy of of data model and logic model.Currently the database of usage basically and all is relation type database, but the Java be essentially a kind of the language which face to object, object at saving with read usage SQL and JDBC carry on a database operation and lowered plait distance of efficiency and system of can maintenance; tradition of J2 EE application much the adoption is according to the EJB heavy weight frame, this kind of frame suitable for develop a large business enterprise application, but usage the EJB container carry on development and adjust to try to need to be waste a great deal of time.For lowering the Out of code to match sex, exaltation system of development efficiency, this text put forward 1 kind EE according to the J2EE of the Struts frame and the Hibernate frame application development strategy.
2 Open Source Technology of J2EE
Datas' holding out for long time layer and Hibernate is one piece according to hold out for long time layer frame, is a kind of realization object and relation of the tool which reflect to shoot(O/R Mapping), it
carried on the object of the lightweight to pack to the JDBC and make procedure member can usage object plait distance thought to operation database.It not only provided to shoot from Java to reflect of data form, but also provided a data a search and instauration mechanism.Opposite in usage JDBC and SQL to operation database, use a Hibernate ability consumedly of exaltation realization of efficiency.The Hibernate frame use allocation document of the form come to the reflect of the definition Java object and data form to shoot relation, in the meantime at more deep of level of data form of relation explanation for the relations such as inherit of and containment etc. of Java object.Pass the usage HQL language sentence complications of relation the calculate way use the way of object description, to a large extent simplification logarithms according to of search, speed development of efficiency.Have in the Hibernate a simple but keep the API of view, used for to the database mean of object performance search.Want to establish or the modification be these objects, need in the procedure carry on with them to hand over with each other, then tell Hibernate to keep.So, a great deal of pack hold out for long time turn operation of business logic no longer demand write a trivial JDBC language sentence, make data last long thus t h e l a y e r g o t b i g g e s t o f s i m p l i f i c a t i o n.
U s e t h e S t r u t s r e a l i z a t i o n M V C s t r u c t u r e MVC(Model-View-Controller) is put forward by the Trygve Reenskaug,
first drive application in the environment SmallTalk-80, is many to hand o ve r wi th e ach o the r wi th i nterface system of con sti tu te foundation.According to the need of variable of the interface design, MVC hand over with each other constitute of system to resolve into model and see diagram, controller three part. Model(Model) is software processing problem logic at independence in outside manifestation under contents and form circumstance of inside abstract, packed the core data, logic of problem and function of calculation relation, independence in concrete of interface expression and I/O operation.See diagram(View) mean information and particular form demonstration of model data and logic relation and appearance to the customer.It acquire a manifestation information from the model, there can be many for homology of information dissimilarity of manifestation form or see diagram.The controller(Controller) is a processing the customer hand over with software with each other operation of, its job is control provide model in any variety of dissemination, insure a customer interface among the model of rightness should contact;It accept a customer of importation, give°the importation feedback model, then realization compute model control, is make model and see diagram to moderate work of https://www.doczj.com/doc/423457341.html,ually 1 see a diagram rightness should a controller.Model, see separate of diagram and controller, make a model be able to have many manifestation to see diagram.If the customer pass
a certain see the controller of diagram change the data of model, all other dependence in these see of data diagram all should reflection arrive these variety.When therefore and regardless occurrence what data variety, controller all would variety notice allly see diagram, cause manifestation of renewal.This is actually a kind of variety of m o d e l-d i s s e m i n a t i o n m e c h a n i s m.
The Struts frame is to be the item of Apache Jakarta to constitute part to publish luck to do at the earliest stage, it inheritted MVC of each item characteristic, and did according to the characteristics of J2 EE correspond of variety with expand.The Struts frame was good to combine Jsp, Java Servlet, Java Bean, Taglib etc. technique.In the Struts, what to undertake the controller role in the MVC be an ActionServlet.The ActionServlet is an in general use control module.This control module provided a processing all HTTP claim which send out Struts of entrance point.Its interception with distribute these claim to arrive correspond of action type.(these action all of type is Action son type)Moreover the control module is also responsible for using to correspond of claim the parameter fill Action Form(FromBean), and pass action type(ActionBean).Action type the business logic of the interview core, then interview Java Bean or adjust to use EJB.End action type control the power pass follow-up of JSP document, from JSP document born see diagram.All these control logic make use of Struts-config.xml the
document come to allocation.See diagram in the Struts frame main from JSP born page completion, the Struts provide abundant of JSP label database, this is advantageous to separating performance logic and procedure logic.The model is with 1 or the form existence of several Java Bean.In the Struts, main existence three kinds of Bean, respectively BE:Action, ActionForm, EJB perhaps Java Bean. The Struts frame have no concrete definition model layer of realization, in actually the development, model layer usually is close with business logic connect with each other, and want to carry on operation to the first floor data.The underneath's introduction is a kind of development strategy, lead the Hibernate into the model layer of Struts frame, usage it to carry on a data to pack with reflect to shoot, provide hold out for long time turn of support. 4 usage Hibernate and the Struts development J2 EE application 4.1 system structure diagram 3 manifestation according to Hibernate and Struts development strategy of system structure diagram.
Development practice underneath combine a development practice, with in the J2 the EE the application very widespread customer register process for example, elucidation above-mentioned system structure is how concrete usage.The process of register is very clear:Customer from register page login.jsp importation register information, system to register the information carry on verification, if exactitude success register, otherwise hint correspond mistake information. In the
development process, the usage Eclipse be used as development environment and added to carry to provide to the Struts and the Hibernate in the meantime better control and support of three square plug-in MyEclipse, Web server usage Tomcat, the database chose to use Mysql. Carry on an allocation to the Hibernate first, need to the system auto the born hibernate.cfg.xml carry on modification, allocation good database conjunction of various parameter and definition the data reflect to shoot a document.Because the Hibernate take of conjunction pond main used for test, the function isn't very good, can pass JNDI will i t m o d i f i c a t i o n i s u s a g e T o m c a t o f c o n j u n c t i o n p o n d.
数据库管理系统的介绍 Raghu Ramakrishnan1 数据库（database,有时拼作data base）又称为电子数据库，是专门组织起来的一组数据或信息，其目的是为了便于计算机快速查询及检索。数据库的结构是专门设计的，在各种数据处理操作命令的支持下，可以简化数据的存储，检索，修改和删除。数据库可以存储在磁盘，磁带，光盘或其他辅助存储设备上。 数据库由一个或一套文件组成，其中的信息可以分解为记录，每一记录又包含一个或多个字段（或称为域）。字段是数据存取的基本单位。数据库用于描述实体，其中的一个字段通常表示与实体的某一属性相关的信息。通过关键字以及各种分类（排序）命令，用户可以对多条记录的字段进行查询，重新整理，分组或选择，以实体对某一类数据的检索，也可以生成报表。 所有数据库（最简单的除外）中都有复杂的数据关系及其链接。处理与创建，访问以及维护数据库记录有关的复杂任务的系统软件包叫做数据库管理系统（DBMS）。DBMS软件包中的程序在数据库与其用户间建立接口。（这些用户可以是应用程序员，管理员及其他需要信息的人员和各种操作系统程序）。 DBMS可组织，处理和表示从数据库中选出的数据元。该功能使决策者能搜索，探查和查询数据库的内容，从而对在正规报告中没有的，不再出现的且无法预料的问题做出回答。这些问题最初可能是模糊的并且（或者）是定义不恰当的，但是人们可以浏览数据库直到获得所需的信息。简言之，DBMS将“管理”存储的数据项，并从公共数据库中汇集所需的数据项以回答非程序员的询问。 DBMS由3个主要部分组成：（1）存储子系统，用来存储和检索文件中的数据；（2）建模和操作子系统，提供组织数据以及添加，删除，维护，更新数据的方法；（3）用户和DBMS之间的接口。在提高数据库管理系统的价值和有效性方面正在展现以下一些重要发展趋势； 1.管理人员需要最新的信息以做出有效的决策。 2.客户需要越来越复杂的信息服务以及更多的有关其订单，发票和账号的当前信息。 3.用户发现他们可以使用传统的程序设计语言，在很短的一段时间内用数据1Database Management Systems( 3th Edition ),Wiley ,2004, 5-12
管理信息系统外文翻译-标准化文件发布号：（9456-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII
英文文献翻译 二〇年月日
科技文章摘译 Definition of a Management Information System There is no consensus of the definition of the term "management information system". Some writers prefer alternative terminology such as "information processing system", "information and decision system", "organizational information system", or simply "information system" to refer to the computer-based information processing system which supports the operations, management, and decision-making functions of an organization. This text uses “MIS” because it is descriptive and generally understood; it also frequently uses “information system” instead of “MIS” to refer to an organizational information system. A definition of a management information system, as the term is generally understood, is an integrated, user-machine system for providing information to support operations, management, and decision-making functions in an organization. The system utilizes computer hardware and software; manual procedures; models for analysis planning, control and decision making; and a database. The fact that it is an integrated system does not mean that it is a single, monolithic structure; rather, it means that the parts fit into an overall design. The elements of the definition are highlighted below. 1 Computer-based user-machine system Conceptually, management information can exist without computer, but it is the power of the computer which makes MIS feasible. The question is not whether computers should be used in management information system, but the extent to which information use should be computerized. The concept of a user-machine system implies that some tasks are best performed by humans, while others are best done by machine. The user of an MIS is any person responsible for entering input data, instructing the system, or utilizing the information output of the system. For many problems, the user and the computer form a combined system with results obtained through a set of interactions between the computer and the user. User-machine interaction is facilitated by operation in which the user’s input-output device (usually a visual display terminal) is connected to the computer. The computer can be a personal computer serving only one user or a large computer that
J2EE文献及翻译 1 引言 本文分析了Hibernate和Struts的机制，提出了一种基于Hibernate和Struts 的J2EE应用开发策略。在这种策略中，模型层用Hibernate实现，视图和控制器则用Struts框架实现。这样可大大降低代码的耦合性以及提高系统的开发效率。关键字 Hibernate，Struts，MVC，持久层。 随着Java技术的逐渐成熟与完善，作为建立企业级应用的标准平台，J2EE平台得到了长足的发展。借助于J2EE规范中包含的多项技术：EnterpriseJavaBean(EJB)、Java Servlets(Servlet)、Java Server Pages(JSP)、Java Message Service(JMS)等，开发出了许多应用系统。但是，在传统J2EE应用的开发过程中也出现了一些问题：1）数据模型和逻辑模型之间的矛盾。目前使用的数据库基本上都是关系型数据库，而Java本质上是一种面向对象的语言，对象在存储和读取时使用SQL和JDBC进行数据库操作，降低了编程的效率以及系统的可维护性；2）传统的J2EE应用多采用基于EJB的重量级框架，这种框架适合于开发大型企业应用，但是使用EJB容器进行开发和调试需要耗费大量时间。为了降低代码的耦合性，提高系统的开发效率，本文提出了一种基于Struts框架和Hibernate框架的J2EE应用开发策略。 2 J2EE开源技术介绍 数据持久层及Hibernate，Hibernate是一个数据持久层框架，是一种实现对象和关系之间映射（O/R Mapping）的工具，它对JDBC进行了轻量级的对象封装，使程序员可以使用对象编程思想来操作数据库。它不仅提供了从Java类到数据表的映射，也提供了数据查询和恢复机制。相对于使用JDBC和SQL来操作数据库，使用Hibernate能大大的提高实现的效率。Hibernate框架用配置文件的形式来定义Java对象和数据表之间的映射关系，同时在更深的层面将数据表之间的关系解释为Java对象之间的继承及包含等关系。通过使用HQL语句将复杂的关系算法用
Enterprise Human Resources Management System Design And Implementation Abstract: Human resource management system is the core content of modern enterprise management. With the rapid development of the computer information technology and unprecedented prevalence of electronic commerce mode，the competition between enterprises is turning from visible economic markets to the network. Developing the human resource management system supported by computer technology，network technology and information technology can not only improve the skill of human resource management and the efficiency of the enterprises but also make human resource management modern and decision sciencefic,Modern human resource management uses B/S mode to avoid C/S modes short coming of difficult in maintdning and reusing.According to the functional requirements of the actual project,this article specificly state the analysis of system,the general desigin of the system,the detail design of system and the practice of the system. The development of the system is the practice of MVC design ideas, maing using the Jsp+Servlet+JavaBean form of development.Jsp is the practice of MVC design ideas’view,in charge of receiving/responding the request of the customer.Servlet mainly responsible for the core business control of the whole system is the practice of the vontroller of MVC design idea to take charge of the statistics and rules of the whole system. In the practice of the system, somr open-source projrcts,such as the Ajax technique,JfreChart statements,fileupload technology,has been used. Using the modern human resource management theropy and analysising the actual situation, comparing the current situation of human resource management system, a huaman resource contents of management system basied on the Internet/Intranet has been designed. The main management,attendance management training more efficient statistics. Keywords:human resource management; B/S mode; Open-source projects; MVC mode. 摘要 人力资源管理系统是现代企业管理的核心内容。随着计算机信息技术的高速发展，电子商务模式的空前盛行，企业之间的竞争也从有形的经济市场转向了网络。开发以计算机技术、网络技术、信息技术支持的现代人力资源管理系统，既能提高企业人力资源管理的技术含量和企业的办事效率，也能使人力资源管理能够进入现代化、决策科学化的进程。现代人力资源管理系统采用了B/S模式，可以避免C/S模式的重用性差、维护难度高的缺点和
本科毕业设计(论文)外文翻译 译文： ASP ASP介绍 你是否对静态HTML网页感到厌倦呢？你是否想要创建动态网页呢？你是否想 要你的网页能够数据库存储呢？如果你回答：“是”，ASP可能会帮你解决。在2002年5月，微软预计世界上的ASP开发者将超过80万。你可能会有一个疑问什么是ASP。不用着急，等你读完这些，你讲会知道ASP是什么，ASP如何工作以及它能为我们做 什么。你准备好了吗？让我们一起去了解ASP。 什么是ASP? ASP为动态服务器网页。微软在1996年12月推出动态服务器网页,版本是3.0。微软公司的正式定义为:“动态服务器网页是一个开放的、编辑自由的应用环境,你可以将HTML、脚本、可重用的元件来创建动态的以及强大的网络基础业务方案。动态服务器网页服务器端脚本,IIS能够以支持Jscript和VBScript。”(2)。换句话说,ASP是微软技术开发的,能使您可以通过脚本如VBScript Jscript的帮助创建动态网站。微软的网站服务器都支持ASP技术并且是免费的。如果你有Window NT4.0服务器安装,你可以下载IIS（互联网信息服务器）3.0或4.0。如果你正在使用的Windows2000,IIS 5.0是它的一个免费的组件。如果你是Windows95/98,你可以下载(个人网络服务器(PWS),这是比IIS小的一个版本，可以从Windows95/98CD中安装，你也可以从微软的网站上免费下载这些产品。 好了，您已经学会了什么是ASP技术，接下来，您将学习ASP文件。它和HTML文 件相同吗？让我们开始研究它吧。 什么是ASP文件？ 一个ASP文件和一个HTML文件非常相似，它包含文本，HTML标签以及脚本，这些都在服务器中，广泛用在ASP网页上的脚本语言有2种，分别是VBScript和Jscript，VBScript与Visual Basic非常相似，而Jscript是微软JavaScript的版本。尽管如此，VBScript是ASP默认的脚本语言。另外，这两种脚本语言，只要你安装了ActiveX脚本引擎，你可以使用任意一个，例如PerlScript。 HTML文件和ASP文件的不同点是ASP文件有“.Asp”扩展名。此外，HTML标签和ASP代码的脚本分隔符也不同。一个脚本分隔符,标志着一个单位的开始和结束。HTML标签以小于号(<)开始(>)结束，而ASP以<%开始，%>结束，两者之间是服务端脚本。
餐饮管理系统外文翻译文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译) 英文： 1、China food industry development prospects analysis The catering industry in China as the tertiary industry is a traditional service industries, experienced reforming and opening starts, quantitative expansion, scale chain development and brand promotion strategy of 4phase, made make a spurt of progress in the development of. At present, the country has4 millions catering outlets. 2005/2006annual Chinese top 100 catering enterprises with total assets of about thirty-two billion yuan, total profit of about six billion yuan, employees about eight hundred thousand people, respectively, over the same period last year increased40.38%,28.84% and33.33% higher than that of the whole society, the catering industry average growth level. China's reform and opening up has gone through ups and downs in the30year, in the30 years of reforming and opening of China's catering industry along with the tide of reform has undergone three leap type development. In the past 30 years, China has experienced from fast food restaurants grabs beach China market to SARS impact, then to food safety ( tonyred event, apple events ), Chinese food and beverage industry in the impact, achieve sales growth.
本科毕业设计（论文） —文献综述 在线考试系统—考试模块和维护模块的设计 摘要 随着计算机技术和网络技术的发展，基于Web的在线考试系统可以发挥网络的优势，其自动评阅、计分、成绩存档的功能，有效地避免了人力和物力资源的浪费，提高了效率，相比于传统的考试方式，基于Web的在线考试系统一方面可以动态地管理各种考试信息，按照要求自动生成各种试卷；另一方面，考试可以不受时空限制，而且最大的特点是阅卷快，系统可以在考试结束时当场准确而又公平地给出客观题考试成绩。 基于Web的在线考试系统可以发挥网络的优势，建立大型、高效、共享的题库和实现随时随地的考试，降低考试成本，减少人为干扰，减轻教师负担，节约人力、物力和财力。 本文从分析在线考试系统的发展趋势出发，针对教师及学生的需求进行了具体分析，分别研究管理员维护系统及考生考试系统，给出了系统的功能结构。采用B／S结构模式，设计了管理员维护系统、考生考试系统等功能，提高了考试管理的质量，改进了学生考核手段，取消了课程考核对时间和地点的限制性要求。 关键词管理员维护系统，考生考试系统，B/S模式，ASP技术 1前言 考试是教学过程中的一个重要环节，通过考试，教师可以了解学生的学习效果，为
改进教学提供依据；学生则通过考试了解自己对内容的掌握情况，增强学习兴趣。传统的考试方式往往使人们受到地域、时间、场所等各种各样的限制，造成有些人的不便。在网络遍布的今天，将考试系统应用在互联网上是现代考试系统的发展趋势。 随着计算机技术和互联网的快速发展，人类已经进入了信息时代，也有人称为数字化时代。在数字化的网络环境下，学生希望得到个性化的满足，根据自己的情况进行学习，同时也希望能够得到科学的评价，老师希望有效改进现有的考试模式，提高考试的效率；教育机构也希望给网上的学生提供更全面、灵活的服务，全面准确地对学生进行跟踪和评论。在线考试系统正是迎合这一时代需求而开发的，它旨在探索一种以互联网为基础的考试模式。通过这种新的模式，为学校创造一种新的考试环境，提高考试工作效率和标准化水平，使学校管理者、教师和学生可以随时随地通过网络进行考试。 在线考试系统提高了考试的可靠性、有效性和工作效率，降低了考试成本,顺应了社会的网络化趋势,必将成为一种不可或缺的考试方式。本文研究的目的是开发一个易于管理和维护的面向教学的考试系统，具有一定的通用性，能够满足多门课程的测试与考核要求。为教师开展平时考核及期末考核提供一个考核平台。 为了满足系统对先进性、安全性、跨平台性、可扩展性、可移植性、分布式等方面的要求，系统总体架构设计采用先进的基于B/S的三层体系结构：用户层、业务逻辑层、数据库层。要求建立后台数据库，内含一个试题样库，教师可以在题库中添加、编辑和删除试题；教师可以增加新的考试科目；可以充分利用题库中的试题由系统随机组卷，并能在指定时间内发布试卷；学生参加完考试能立即得到答案，并分析考试中答错的题目；教师能得到学生考试后传送到系统的反馈信息，可方便的对成绩进行查询和分析，同时对学生考试中出现的错误进行统计以便今后的教学。此外，还应具有良好的用户界面，操作方便，尽量减少误操作率，具有安全保密机制。 2 管理员维护/考生考试系统概述 在网络技术逐渐渗入社会生活各个层面的今天[1]，随着科学技术的不断发展，考试的手段和媒介也在发生着革命性的变化，从传统的纸笔考试到计算机辅助考试，其实现方法由单机形式逐步向不同时间、不同地点的网络考试方式发展，基于网络的计算机辅助考试系统以其特有的优势在教育中扮演着十分重要的角色[2]。 在线考试系统是传统考试和考场的延伸，它可以利用网络的无限广阔空间，满足广大学生在不同时间和不同地点利用网络进行考试[3]。借助于数据库技术应用平台，使得
毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译设计(论文)题目图书管理系统 院系计算机工程系 专业计算机科学与技术 年级 学生学号1040520007 学生姓名bianhaiwei 外文出处CHINA-USA Business Review
Combining JSP and Servlets The technology of JSP and Servlet is the most important technology which use Java technology to exploit request of server, and it is also the standard which exploit business application .Java developers prefer to use it for a variety of reasons, one of which is already familiar with the Java language for the development of this technology are easy to learn Java to the other is "a preparation, run everywhere" to bring the concept of Web applications, To achieve a "one-prepared everywhere realized." And more importantly, if followed some of the principles of good design, it can be said of separating and content to create high-quality, reusable, easy to maintain and modify the application. For example, if the document in HTML embedded Java code too much (script), will lead the developed application is extremely complex, difficult to read, it is not easy reuse, but also for future maintenance and modification will also cause difficulties. In fact, CSDN the JSP / Servlet forum, can often see some questions, the code is very long, can logic is not very clear, a large number of HTML and Java code mixed together. This is the random development of the defects. Early dynamic pages mainly CGI (Common Gateway Interface, public Gateway Interface) technology, you can use different languages of the CGI programs, such as VB, C / C + + or Delphi, and so on. Though the technology of CGI is developed and powerful, because of difficulties in programming, and low efficiency, modify complex shortcomings,
西班牙全国大学入学考试中在线语言考试的实 PAULEX UNIVERSITAS项目 作者：安娜吉梅诺 - 桑斯*＆何塞马卡里奥德斯奎拉CAMILLE研究小组，应用语言学系，瓦伦西亚理工大学，卡米诺维拉14，46022 摘要 本文详细介绍了PAULEX UNIVERSITAS项目，一个在线系统，用来设计、发表和评估西班牙大学入学考试中的一个必要部分即国外语言考试。外语考试对想要接受高等教育的所有学生都是强制性的。学生们可以选择下面语言之一考试：英语，法语，德语，意大利语或葡萄牙语。每年，大约有27000名学生同时在巴伦西亚自治区（包括3个省：阿利坎特，卡斯特利翁和瓦伦西亚）参加考试，并且25000多名学生选择英语考试。本文参照当前西班牙形势政策的变化，介绍此次大学入学考试的背景，包括来自平台阐述，以及关于系统管理工具，数据安全性和用户交互问题的讨论。论文通过呈现200多名学生在瓦伦西亚进行试验得出的一些结果，并通过处理有关PAULEX在线考试区域平台的实施所遇到的一些问题，进而得出结论。 1 介绍 2008年12月西班牙教育部颁布了一项新的法律来规范国家大学入学考试。这项新的法律规定：基于阅读理解题和写作的传统英语考试，现在应该包括对听力理解和口语技能的测试。这恰巧与提交给西班牙科学和创新部的一个项目建议书目标一致，就是要设计一个网络平台正式发表高考外语考试。以CAMILLE研发组在瓦伦西亚理工大学开展的前期研究即INGENIO创作工具和传送环境（吉梅诺2008A和2008B ）为起点，小组成员着手设计了一个完整的网上平台，包括设计外语考试，网上发表，评估所有考试，提供考试成绩给当地学校。该三年期项目从2007年9月运行至2010年底。 2 PAULEX UNIVERSITAS 该PAULEX在线考试传送平台是由一个位于大学核心信息和通信系统单元内
Introduction to database information management system The database is stored together a collection of the relevant data, the data is structured, non-harmful or unnecessary redundancy, and for a variety of application services, data storage independent of the use of its procedures; insert new data on the database , revised, and the original data can be retrieved by a common and can be controlled manner. When a system in the structure of a number of entirely separate from the database, the system includes a "database collection." Database management system (database management system) is a manipulation and large-scale database management software is being used to set up, use and maintenance of the database, or dbms. Its unified database management and control so as to ensure database security and integrity. Dbms users access data in the database, the database administrator through dbms database maintenance work. It provides a variety of functions, allows multiple applications and users use different methods at the same time or different time to build, modify, and asked whether the database. It allows users to easily manipulate data definition and maintenance of data security and integrity, as well as the multi-user concurrency control and the restoration of the database. Using the database can bring many benefits: such as reducing data redundancy, thus saving the data storage space; to achieve full sharing of data resources, and so on. In addition, the database technology also provides users with a very simple means to enable users to easily use the preparation of the database applications. Especially in recent years introduced micro-computer relational database management system dBASELL, intuitive operation, the use of flexible, convenient programming environment to extensive (generally 16 machine, such as IBM / PC / XT, China Great Wall 0520, and other species can run software), data-processing capacity strong. Database in our country are being more and more widely used, will be a powerful tool of economic management. The database is through the database management system (DBMS-DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM) software for data storage, management and use of dBASELL is a database management system software. Information management system is the use of data acquisition and transmission technology, computer network technology, database construction, multimedia
《科技文献检索》课程“文献综述”评分表学生姓名完成时间 2017 年 1 月 指导老师
文献综述 题目在线考试系统 姓名 学号 系部理工系 年级专业 指导教师 2017年 1 月 06 日 在线考试系统文献综述 【摘要】通过软件进行考试的方式被称为无纸化考试,随着无纸化考试的诞生,原始的考试方式已经渐渐地被无纸化考试所取代。在线考试系统是基于C#编程技术把学科、试题、电脑改卷、结果查询的部分管理工作集成到一个同一的平台,各管理人员能够及时、
准确的了解学生学习生活情况。同时,也可以方便老师针对学生的不同情况进行分层次帮助引导。考试是对学生所学知识检查、掌握和理解知识程度的重要手段,无纸化的考卷,无纸化考试的随时性,随地性,这些特点都是研究并开发网络考试系统具有重要积极的意义,将给学生和老师带来了极大的便利。无纸化考试,环保、节约资源,适应当代社会发展的发展。 本文重点论述了由于网络的存在扩大了学校的服务范围，为学校的管理提供了更多的条件。对此做出了详细的调查，可行性研究和分析。系统采用了B/S结构，在网络上建立学校自己的教育网站。系统开发经历了系统分析、系统设计和系统实施三个阶段。从设计方案的提出，经过详细的调查，分析了方案的可行性和必要性，通过详细的系统设计，力图提高系统的集成性和快捷性；并在系统实施阶段收集了大量的实验数据，以便测试阶段系统的准确性和稳定性。 关键词：管理员维护系统，考生考试系统，B/S模式，ASP技术 【前言】考试是教学过程中的一个重要环节，通过考试，教师可以了解学生的学习效果，为改进教学提供依据；学生则通过考试了解自己对内容的掌握情况，增强学习兴趣。传统的考试方式往往使人们受到地域、时间、场所等各种各样的限制，造成有些人的不便。在网络遍布的今天，将考试系统应用在互联网上是现代考试系统的发展趋势。随着计算机技术和互联网的快速发展，人类已经进入了信息时代，也有人称为数字化时代。在数字化的网络环境下，学生希望得到个性化的满足，根据自己的情况进行学习，同时也希望能够得到科学的评价，老师希望有效改进现有的考试模式，提高考试的效率；教育机构也希望给网上的学生提供更全面、灵活的服务，全面准确地对学生进行跟踪和评论。在线考试系统正是迎合这一时代需求而开发的，它旨在探索一种以互联网为基础的考试模式。通过这种新的模式，为学校创造一种新的考试环境，提高考试工作效率和标准化水平，使学校管理者、教师和学生可以随时随地通过网络进行考试。 在线考试系统提高了考试的可靠性、有效性和工作效率，降低了考试成本,顺应了社会的网络化趋势,必将成为一种不可或缺的考试方式。本文研究的目的是开发一个易于管理和维护的面向教学的考试系统，具有一定的通用性，能够满足多门课程的测试与考核要求。为教师开展平时考核及期末考核提供一个考核平台。 为了满足系统对先进性、安全性、跨平台性、可扩展性、可移植性、分布式等方面的要
英文文献翻译
二〇年月日
科技文章摘译 Definition of a Management Information System There is no consensus of the definition of the term "management information system". Some writers prefer alternative terminology such as "information processing system", "information and decision system", "organizational information system", or simply "information system" to refer to the computer-based information processing system which supports the operations, management, and decision-making functions of an organization. This text uses “MIS”because it is descriptive and generally understood; it also frequently uses “information system”instead of “MIS”to refer to an organizational information system. A definition of a management information system, as the term is generally understood, is an integrated, user-machine system for providing information to support operations, management, and decision-making functions in an organization. The system utilizes computer hardware and software; manual procedures; models for analysis planning, control and decision making; and a database. The fact that it is an integrated system does not mean that it is a single, monolithic structure; rather, it means that the parts fit into an overall design. The elements of the definition are highlighted below. 1 Computer-based user-machine system Conceptually, management information can exist without computer, but it is the power of the computer which makes MIS feasible. The question is not whether computers should be used in management information system, but the extent to which information use should be computerized. The concept of a user-machine system implies that some tasks are best performed by humans, while others are best done by machine. The user of an MIS is any person responsible for entering input data, instructing the system, or utilizing the information output of the system. For many problems, the user and the computer form a combined system with results obtained through a set of interactions between the computer and the user. User-machine interaction is facilitated by operation in which the user’s