Estimating uncertainty in dense stereo disparity maps
A.Blake,P.H.S.Torr,I.J.Cox and A.Criminisi
March2003
Technical Report
MSR-TR-2003-93
Dense stereo is a well studied problem in computer vision.Generally dense stereo algorithms provide only a single estimate of disparity,ignoring uncertainty in the dis-parity map.Here however,we present a new,linear-time,exact method for recovering entire distributions for disparity at all pixels.This is accomplished by using a recent extension,due to Durbin et al.,of the well-known forward-backward algorithm to work with two unsynchronised input streams,rather than just one as in the conven-tional case.The two input streams,in the stereo context are simply two corresponding epipolar lines,one from each stereo image.Speci?cally we consider the problem of view interpolation.The availability of a distribution over disparity is particularly ap-pealing here.In that case,disparities themselves are not the required end product,but merely an intermediate representation.It is therefore unnecessary to estimate a unique disparity map.Instead,the image intensity at each cyclopean pixel can be estimated as a mean of predicted intensities for all possible disparities.These principles are illus-trated for a teleconferencing application:enabling eye contact by positioning a virtual camera at the centre of a display screen used in a two-way conference.We show that the new approach can signi?cantly improve the quality of the interpolated cyclopean image,compared with using unique estimated disparities.
Microsoft Research Ltd.
7J J Thomson Ave
Cambridge,UK CB30FB
https://www.doczj.com/doc/4c2782840.html,
1Introduction
It is well known that stereo image matching is a hard problem,and much progress has been made over the past25years or so.The variety of algorithms for dense stereo matching is too extensive to list here but has recently been comprehensively documented and evaluated[14].None of the algo-rithms reported and investigated there deal with uncertainty in disparity.However,representation of uncertainty is of critical importance for robust estimation and data fusion.
According to the evaluation of stereo algorithms[14],two of the most powerful algorithms use respectively graph cuts[12,7]and loopy propagation[15]but these approaches are currently too computationally intensive for real time applications.Conversely,Epipolar line Dynamic Program-ming[8,4]is ef?cient and offers the best hope for real time applications.For this reason,we focus on epipolar line algorithms,and seek a generalisation that represents the uncertainty in disparities. We illustrate the new approach with the synthesis of the cyclopean view[6],the view from a virtual camera placed symmetrically,midway between the(calibrated)cameras of a physical stereo pair.Previously proposed solutions to this problem can be broadly categorized as model-based or stereo-based.One model-based approach is to use a detailed head model and reproject it into the cyclopean view;whilst this can be successful[16,17],it is limited to imaging heads,and would not,for example,deal with a hand in front of the face.A more general approach therefore is to use low level stereo matching.
Given left and right images and,over the image domain,the cyclopean image cannot be generated by any simple pointwise interpolation of and.In the absence of occlusion,one can think of the right image and left images as symmetrically warped forms of the cyclopean image,so that
(1)
in which case the cyclopean image could be generated from the left or right image using an estimate of the disparity?eld.This requires the disparity?eld to be known,for example by dense pointwise matching(under epipolar constraints)of corresponding points in and.However, three-dimensional occlusion of surface points means that cannot necessarily be de?ned for all pixels,which is a problem for cyclopean reconstruction.An elegant account of the stereo matching problem,in a cyclopean frame and with occlusion,is given by Belhumeur[1].It is of course impossible to reconstruct,entirely accurately,the cyclopean view of a patch that is occluded in one or other physical camera;all that can be done is to apply a default assumption about the shape of such a patch.
It has also been noted by others[13]that a good reconstruction of the cyclopean view can often be achieved,even when the underlying disparities are ambiguous.This is acknowledged in the approach taken here:its aim is to improve the robustness of reconstruction by treating the disparity ?eld as a?rst-class random variable,rather than merely as a?xed(unknown)parameter.
If were taken to be a parameter,then estimation of the cyclopean image would proceed in two stages.First the estimation of the warp?eld,for example by MAP estimation[1]:
(2) followed by deterministic reconstruction of cyclopean intensities:
(3) Instead,treating as a random variable,there is no need for premature commitment to a speci?c value of.Then the aim of inference is to estimate a posterior distribution.The cyclopean image can be estimated robustly as,the posterior mean over the disparity distribution:
(4) Bayesian estimate of cyclopean intensity
Given the observation,and knowing the observer model,it is required to estimate the cyclopean image,via the posterior for disparity.The full solution has the following steps.
1.Marginalise over to get;for Gaussian noise processes this can be done analytically
[1]
2.Bayes:
3.Bayes:
4.Marginalise over:
https://www.doczj.com/doc/4c2782840.html,pute expectations,as above(4),to obtain.
Of these,the substantial step is the second one.This is where,if only the mode of
were required,the Viterbi algorithm along epipolar lines could be used[1].To obtain the full distribution,a variation of message passing[9]or Forward-Backward inference[11]is used,and details follow.
2Notation and framework
The framework used from here onward,is based on matching pairs of epipolar lines.Intensity functions and will now refer to corresponding epipolar lines from left and right images respec-tively.The objective is to infer the intensity function for the corresponding line in the cyclopean image.
Images and disparities The intensity function in the left epipolar line is
and in the right it is
The cyclopean epipolar line is
doubly oversampled,for reasons that will become apparent.Stereo disparity is a vector
with components expressed in cyclopean coordinates.Stereo disparity in turn induces a vector of image warps from cyclopean coordinates into the coordinates of the left and right images:
(5)
and conversely,stereo disparity can be expressed as the coordinate difference—see ?gure1.The cyclopean coordinate corresponding to left and right coordinates is simply .The warp function associates image intensities at locations in the cyclopean,left and right images.The precise nature of this association,which is probabilistic,is described later.
Even and odd warps When is even,are integers,so that warps directly onto the left and right coordinate grids.In this case the warp is termed to be even.For odd warps however,there is no such direct mapping,so odd warps in the cyclopean image are deemed to be transitory states,and this is made clearer below.
Disparity process The space of matches between images is constrained and conditioned by a probability distribution specifying a random process for disparities at successive lo-cations on the cyclopean epipolar line.It is assumed that,a priori,depends directly on the immediately preceding disparity.
Figure1:Disparity and coordinates,
pean coordinate axis. Observations The right scan lines,ie Each image typically other features invariance to
sumed to have been
so
where and are isotropic if pixels are Observation density composed into a
are given later.
Observation history The history of observations“preceding”the match is denoted
(8) and the complementary set of(future)observations is denoted
(9)
Image prior The marginal prior distribution for cyclopean image values is denoted and useful special cases include the stationary case and the uniform case, where is the volume of color-space.Prior could be modelled as a Gaussian or mixture of Gaussians learned from patches in appropriate neighbourhoods of the left and right images.In any case,all pixels in the cyclopean image are taken to have mutually independent prior distributions.
3Process and observation models
Process model The process model speci?es the distribution of disparity gradients1
[2,10].Varying degrees of subtlety can be incorporated;here we take the simplest reasonable model,restricting(ordering constraint)and penalising the occlusion case.This gives a process distribution
(10) with some appropriate occlusion probability.The oddness condition forces odd warps to be treated correctly,as a transitory condition resolved by an immediate step to an even warp.
Observation model The observation density is de?ned as a marginalisation of the full conditional density with respect to intensity:
(11) and decomposes(it can be shown)as a product:
(12)
where the observation function is de?ned
(13) (where denotes set difference).In the case of odd warps,,and hence the obser-
vation function must be de?ned to be unity.It can be shown that,for the observation model above, has the form2
2In fact the equation given here is an approximation,in the interests of simplicity,for the case that the prior for is weak.
and note that sparsity(10)of means that the sum is evaluated over at most3values of .
Backward algorithm Backward probabilities are de?ned to be
(16) and propagated as
(17)
Posterior distributions Finally,forward and backward variables could be combined convention-ally[11]to compute the posterior marginal distributions of disparity
(20) where
(21)
5Estimation of cyclopean image intensity
Having obtained the probability distribution for disparities,,this can now be used to estimate cyclopean image intensities.At cyclopean pixel we estimate the intensity as an expectation,?rst over the observation noise variables,then over the posterior distribution for
disparity.The expectation over noise variables is denoted and in the simplest case of uniform intensity prior is given by
(23)
Finally,cyclopean intensity is estimated as the posterior expectation(4),so that the estimated cyclopean intensity at site is:
(24) As this sum includes odd warps,interpolated left/right intensities(23)must be used where needed. 6Application and results
Dynamic programming(DP)stereo[4],which has previously been demonstrated for cyclopean view interpolation[3]in video,nowadays runs at around10frames/sec on a2GHz Pentium com-puter.To obtain that speed,observations consist of single,monochrome pixels,and the consequent quality of reconstruction is not consistently satisfactory for teleconferencing,as?gure2shows. Two kinds of error are clearly visible:(i)artefacts produced by mismatches,and(ii)defects intro-duced where the background is occluded in one or other view.The Forward-Backward algorithm is capable of alleviating errors of the?rst kind,as we will demonstrate.
In this section comparisons are made between cyclopean intensity images computed from DP:the Dynamic Programming algorithm3of[3,4],and
FB:the forward-backward algorithm proposed here,
using exactly the same model and parameters in each case.Note that whereas the behaviour of FB depends on both and,the behaviour of DP depends only on the single parameter4
over a square window,and for this study we have settled on a window of size.There are of course further useful elaborations that can be made to the measure,for example using color and various normalisations,and possibly a larger window still,at increased computational cost. However,the purpose of this study is to compare algorithms,so it is the comparison of FB with DP that is of paramount interest,more than the absolute performance of either.
Note that the computational costs of DP and FB are closely comparable.The forward pass of FB has a similar structure to the forward pass of DP(Viterbi).The backward pass of DP consists of pointer following and so has negligible cost.The backward pass(17)of FB would appear to have a cost similar to the forward pass,but in fact the likelihood terms in(17)can be cached and re-used from the forward pass,so the backward pass has negligible cost for FB also. Comparisons of FB with DP are given in?gures3and4.For practical convenience,in place of we specify a noise parameter in gray-level units,so that:
4In[4]is referred to in the pseudo-code as the constant Occlusion.
Left Virtual Cyclopean(DP,)Right
Figure2:Fast cyclopean view synthesis by dynamic programming Left,right and typical estimated cyclopean image using dynamic programming with single pixel,monochrome observations.Note that gaze is correct in the cyclopean view.The algorithm runs at near real-time rate,but can produce artefacts in the cyclopean image—in this case texture is broken up at the top of the head,and in the background to the right of the head.(See later for explanation of occlusion constant.)
Figure3:Forward-Backward cyclopean interpolation for the data of?gure2.The three sets of parameters used here all correspond to occlusion parameter as used for DP in?gure2.Note that i)performance of FB appears superior to that of DP in that artefacts are reduced,and ii)performance of FB appears relatively insensitive to changing parameters.
the disparity distribution,typical in the presence of ghost matches.Such bifurcation could further be used to signal failures in stereo matching.
Finally,?gure5shows a comparison with ground truth,using the“Tsukuba”calibrated motion sequence of[13].The?rst and last images of the sequence are used to provide the baseline,and the centre image gives cyclopean ground truth.This is even so when the window size is reduced to pixels as here.Note that FB peforms consistently better than DP on values of the parameter
DP:DP:
FB:()FB:c=0.01()
Figure4:Forward-Backward cyclopean interpolation The?rst and second row show comparable results for cyclopean images from FB and DP,for two different settings of parameter.FB appears to perform better than DP,to some extent for and to a substantial extent for.
tested.However,this data,along with all4ground truth sequences in[13],rank as very easy tests compared with the our teleconferencing data,so both FB and DP obtain good reconstructions.This is because the range of disparities is about10times greater in the teleconference data.At the time of writing,there is no publically available ground truth data for this much more dif?cult problem setting
Figure5:Testing against cyclopean ground truth.Testing ground truth with the“Tsukuba”data(see text for details)shows a consistent improvement for FB over DP,and reduced sensitivity to the value of parameter.
7Conclusion
This paper describes an algorithm for estimating uncertainty in dense disparity from corresponding epipolar lines in stereo images.The algorithm allows ambiguity of disparity to be represented explicitly,as a probability distribution.This has been achieved by using an extension due to[5] of the forward backward algorithm to deal with two unsynchronised input streams,rather than just the usual single stream.The use of the forward backward algorithm allows for uncertainty to be computed ef?ciently,with effort comparable to conventional matching by dynamic programming. One application of the new algorithm is to the problem of view interpolation,replacing dynamic programming with forward-backward inference.Some practical evidence has been presented that this can reduce the severity of artefacts in the reconstructed cyclopean image.The new framework is particularly striking where ambiguity in matching is severe.In such locations,the uncertain representation can even pick out ambiguous and bifurcating paths in the disparity space.Other possible applications include i)detecting failures in stereo matching as heavy-tailed or multimodal distributions and ii)data fusion in robot navigation,combining uncertainty in observations with uncertainty in disparity.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank P.Dawid and C.Meek for useful comments and discussion.
References
[1]P.N.Belhumeur.A Bayesian approach to binocular https://www.doczj.com/doc/4c2782840.html,puter Vision,19(3):237–260,
1996.
[2]P.J.Burt and B.Julesz.A disparity gradient limit for binocular fusion.Science,208:615–617,1980.
[3]I.Cox,M.Ott,and J.P.Lewis.Videoconference system using a virtual camera https://www.doczj.com/doc/4c2782840.html, Patent,
5,359,362,1993.
[4]I.J.Cox,S.L.Hingorani,and S.B.Rao.A maximum likelihood stereo https://www.doczj.com/doc/4c2782840.html,puter vision and
image understanding,63(3):542–567,1996.
[5]R.Durbin,S.Eddy,A.Krogh,and G.Mitchison.Biological sequence analysis.Cambridge University
Press,1998.
[6] B.Julesz.Foundations of Cyclopean Perception.University of Chicago Press,1971.
[7]V.Kolmogorov and R.Zabih.Multi-camera scene reconstruction via graph cuts.In Proc.Europ.Conf.
Computer Vision,Copenhagen,Denmark,May2002.
[8]Y.Ohta and T.Kanade.Stereo by intra-and inter-scan line search using dynamic programming.IEEE
Trans.on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,7(2):139–154,1985.
[9]J.Pearl.Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems.Morgan Kaufmann,Palo Alto,1988.
[10]S.B.Pollard,J.Mayhew,and J.Frisby.PMF:a stereo correspondence algorithm using a disparity
gradient.Perception,14:449–470,1985.
[11]L.Rabiner and B.H.Juang.A tutorial on hidden Markov models.Proc.IEEE,77(2):257–286,1989.
[12]S.Roy and I.J.Cox.A maximum-?ow formulation of the n-camera stereo correspondence problem.
In https://www.doczj.com/doc/4c2782840.html,puter Vision,pages492–499,1998.
[13] D.Scharstein.Stereo vision for view synthesis.In https://www.doczj.com/doc/4c2782840.html,p.Vision Pattern Rec.,1996.
[14] D.Scharstein and R.Szeliski.A taxonomy and evaluation of dense two-frame stereo correspondence
https://www.doczj.com/doc/4c2782840.html,puter Vision,47(1–3):7–42,2002.
[15]J.Sun,H.Y.Shum,and N.N.Zheng.Stereo matching using belief propagation.In Proc.Europ.Conf.
Computer Vision,Copenhagen,Denmark,May2002.
[16]T.Vetter.Synthesis of novel views from a single face https://www.doczj.com/doc/4c2782840.html,puter Vision,28(2):103–116,
1998.
[17]R.Yang and Z.Zhang.Eye gaze correction with stereovision for video tele-conferencing.In Proc.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/4c2782840.html,puter Vision,volume2,pages479–494,Copenhagen,Denmark,May2002.
A Derivation of forward algorithm
A derivation of the iterative formula(15)for forward probabilities follows here.Note that
in(14)has the property that
(27)
the constant of proportionality being independent of.Then,the right hand side of(15) can be expressed,using(14)and(13),as
(28)
It follows from the assumed independence of the disparity process that
(29)
so that
(30) Using the mutual independence of observations,
(31) so now
which is proportional to in(14),as required.
row 87
row 90
row87
row90
Figure6:Forward-Backward disparity distributions for the data of?gures2and3.Disparity distribu-tions are given for the two scan lines shown.Note that there is appreciable ambiguity of disparity,visible as vertical spreading in the diagrams,and this is what distinguished FB from DP.
常用整流二极管 型号VRM/Io IFSM/ VF /Ir 封装用途说明1A5 600V/1.0A 25A/1.1V/5uA[T25] D2.6X3.2d0.65 1A6 800V/1.0A 25A/1.1V/5uA[T25] D2.6X3.2d0.65 6A8 800V/6.0A 400A/1.1V/10uA[T60] D9.1X9.1d1.3 1N4002 100V/1.0A 30A/1.1V/5uA[T75] D2.7X5.2d0.9 1N4004 400V/1.0A 30A/1.1V/5uA[T75] D2.7X5.2d0.9 1N4006 800V/1.0A 30A/1.1V/5uA[T75] D2.7X5.2d0.9 1N4007 1000V/1.0A 30A/1.1V/5uA[T75] D2.7X5.2d0.9 1N5398 800V/1.5A 50A/1.4V/5uA[T70] D3.6X7.6d0.9 1N5399 1000V/1.5A 50A/1.4V/5uA[T70] D3.6X7.6d0.9 1N5402 200V/3.0A 200A/1.1V/5uA[T105] D5.6X9.5d1.3 1N5406 600V/3.0A 200A/1.1V/5uA[T105] D5.6X9.5d1.3 1N5407 800V/3.0A 200A/1.1V/5uA[T105] D5.6X9.5d1.3 1N5408 1000V/3.0A 200A/1.1V/5uA[T105] D5.6X9.5d1.3 RL153 200V/1.5A 60A/1.1V/5uA[T75] D3.6X7.6d0.9 RL155 600V/1.5A 60A/1.1V/5uA[T75] D3.6X7.6d0.9 RL156 800V/1.5A 60A/1.1V/5uA[T75] D3.6X7.6d0.9 RL203 200V/2.0A 70A/1.1V/5uA[T75] D3.6X7.6d0.9 RL205 600V/2.0A 70A/1.1V/5uA[T75] D3.6X7.6d0.9 RL206 800V/2.0A 70A/1.1V/5uA[T75] D3.6X7.6d0.9 RL207 1000V/2.0A 70A/1.1V/5uA[T75] D3.6X7.6d0.9 RM11C 1000V/1.2A 100A/0.92V/10uA D4.0X7.2d0.78 MR750 50V/6.0A 400A/1.25V/25uA D8.7x6.3d1.35 MR751 100V/6.0A 400A/1.25V/25uA D8.7x6.3d1.35 MR752 200V/6.0A 400A/1.25V/25uA D8.7x6.3d1.35 MR754 400V/6.0A 400A/1.25V/25uA D8.7x6.3d1.35 MR756 600V/6.0A 400A/1.25V/25uA D8.7x6.3d1.35 MR760 1000V/6.0A 400A/1.25V/25uA D8.7x6.3d1.35 常用整流二极管(全桥） 型号VRM/Io IFSM/ VF /Ir 封装用途说明RBV-406 600V/*4A 80A/1.10V/10uA 25X15X3.6 RBV-606 600V/*6A 150A/1.05V/10uA 30X20X3.6 RBV-1306 600V/*13A 80A/1.20V/10uA 30X20X3.6 RBV-1506 600V/*15A 200A/1.05V/50uA 30X20X3.6 RBV-2506 600V/*25A 350A/1.05V/50uA 30X20X3.6 常用肖特基整流二极管SBD 型号VRM/Io IFSM/ VF Trr1/Trr2 封装用途说明EK06 60V/0.7A 10A/0.62V 100nS D2.7X5.0d0.6 SK/高速 EK14 40V/1.5A 40A/0.55V 200nS D4.0X7.2d0.78 SK/低速 D3S6M 60V/3.0A 80A/0.58V 130p SB340 40V/3.0A 80A/0.74V 180p SB360 60V/3.0A 80A/0.74V 180p SR260 60V/2.0A 50A/0.70V 170p MBR1645 45V/16A 150A/0.65V <10nS TO220 超高速
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 中國特色社會主義法律體系的主要特征 1 中國特色社會主義法律體系的主要特征中國特色社會主義法律體系是自覺建構的成文法體系中國特色社會主義法律體系，是中國人民在中國共產黨領導下，以中國化的馬克思主義為指導，在進行社會主義現代化建設和改革開放的實踐中，有規劃有計劃地從無到有建構起來的、以成文法為表現形式的法律體系，是我們黨和國傢在準確把握黨的執政規律和社會主義建設規律的基礎上所進行的一項自覺、理性的活動成果，不是盲目的自然而然形成的早在新中國成立前夕，我們黨即宣佈廢除舊中國的《六法全書》。 1949 年，中國人民政治協商會議通過的具有臨時憲法性質的《共同綱領》，再次以法律的形式確認瞭這一宣告。 上述宣告，一方面為新中國的建立奠定瞭法律基礎，另一方面也提出瞭構建新中國法律體系的任務新中國建立後，我們即著手建設新中國的法律體系。 1954年憲法的頒佈實施，標志著法律體系建設的全面展開。 但後來由於民主法制建設遭受挫折，特別是文化大革命完全陷入無法無天狀態，立法工作完全停止，法律體系建設也就無從談起。 我國集中精力致力於建構中國特色社會主義法律體系的工作，是始於 1978 年。 黨的十一屆三中全會在強調恢復社會主義民主法制建設的同時，明確提出： 1 / 9
從現在起，應當把立法工作擺到全國 2 人民代表大會及其常務委員會的重要議程上來。 1997 年黨的十五大提出： 依法治國，建設社會主義法治國傢。 依法治國的提出，體現我們黨執政規律的深刻認真和執政理念的升華。 同時提出： 加強立法工作，提高立法質量，到 2010 年形成有中國特色社會主義法律體系。 這既是對立法工作提出的階段性目標和任務，也是對實行依法治國提出的階段性目標和任務。 我國的法律體系正是這樣有目的、有目標地逐步建構起來的理論是行動的指南。 古今中外所有的立法活動，無不是以一定的理論為指導的。 馬克思主義及其中國化所形成的毛澤東思想和包括鄧小平理論、三個代表重要思想、科學發展觀在內的中國特色社會主義理論體系，是建設中國特色社會主義的根本指導思想，當然也是建構中國特色社會主義法律體系的根本指導思想我國的法律集中地體現瞭馬克思主義及其中國化的毛澤東思想和中國特色社會主義理論的國傢學說和法律思想。 比如，在國傢權力歸屬上，我們堅持國傢的一切權力屬於人民，反對君權神授；在國傢政權形式上，我們實行按照民主集中制原則組
常用二极管参数 2008-10-22 11:48 05Z6.2Y 硅稳压二极管 Vz=6~6.35V, Pzm=500mW, 05Z7.5Y 硅稳压二极管 Vz=7.34~7.70V, Pzm=500mW, 05Z13X 硅稳压二极管 Vz=12.4~13.1V, Pzm=500mW, 05Z15Y 硅稳压二极管 Vz=14.4~15.15V, Pzm=500mW, 05Z18Y 硅稳压二极管 Vz=17.55~18.45V, Pzm=500mW, 1N4001 硅整流二极管 50V, 1A,(Ir=5uA, Vf=1V, Ifs=50A) 1N4002 硅整流二极管 100V, 1A, 1N4003 硅整流二极管 200V, 1A, 1N4004 硅整流二极管 400V, 1A, 1N4005 硅整流二极管 600V, 1A, 1N4006 硅整流二极管 800V, 1A, 1N4007 硅整流二极管 1000V, 1A, 1N4148 二极管 75V, 4PF, Ir=25nA, Vf=1V, 1N5391 硅整流二极管 50V, 1.5A,(Ir=10uA, Vf=1.4V, Ifs=50A) 1N5392 硅整流二极管 100V, 1.5A, 1N5393 硅整流二极管 200V, 1.5A, 1N5394 硅整流二极管 300V, 1.5A, 1N5395 硅整流二极管 400V, 1.5A, 1N5396 硅整流二极管 500V, 1.5A, 1N5397 硅整流二极管 600V, 1.5A, 1N5398 硅整流二极管 800V, 1.5A, 1N5399 硅整流二极管 1000V, 1.5A, 1N5400 硅整流二极管 50V, 3A,(Ir=5uA, Vf=1V, Ifs=150A) 1N5401 硅整流二极管 100V, 3A, 1N5402 硅整流二极管 200V, 3A, 1N5403 硅整流二极管 300V, 3A, 1N5404 硅整流二极管 400V, 3A, 1N5405 硅整流二极管 500V, 3A, 1N5406 硅整流二极管 600V, 3A, 1N5407 硅整流二极管 800V, 3A, 1N5408 硅整流二极管 1000V, 3A, 1S1553 硅开关二极管 70V, 100mA, 300mW, 3.5PF, 300ma, 1S1554 硅开关二极管 55V, 100mA, 300mW, 3.5PF, 300ma, 1S1555 硅开关二极管 35V, 100mA, 300mW, 3.5PF, 300ma, 1S2076 硅开关二极管 35V, 150mA, 250mW, 8nS, 3PF, 450ma, Ir≤1uA, Vf≤0.8V,≤1.8PF, 1S2076A 硅开关二极管 70V, 150mA, 250mW, 8nS, 3PF, 450ma, 60V, Ir≤1uA, Vf≤0.8V,≤1.8PF, 1S2471 硅开关二极管80V, Ir≤0.5uA, Vf≤1.2V,≤2PF, 1S2471B 硅开关二极管 90V, 150mA, 250mW, 3nS, 3PF, 450ma, 1S2471V 硅开关二极管 90V, 130mA, 300mW, 4nS, 2PF, 400ma, 1S2472 硅开关二极管50V, Ir≤0.5uA, Vf≤1.2V,≤2PF, 1S2473 硅开关二极管35V, Ir≤0.5uA, Vf≤1.2V,≤3PF,
1.塑封整流二极管 序号型号IF VRRM VF Trr 外形 A V V μs 1 1A1-1A7 1A 50-1000V 1.1 R-1 2 1N4001-1N4007 1A 50-1000V 1.1 DO-41 3 1N5391-1N5399 1.5A 50-1000V 1.1 DO-15 4 2A01-2A07 2A 50-1000V 1.0 DO-15 5 1N5400-1N5408 3A 50-1000V 0.95 DO-201AD 6 6A05-6A10 6A 50-1000V 0.95 R-6 7 TS750-TS758 6A 50-800V 1.25 R-6 8 RL10-RL60 1A-6A 50-1000V 1.0 9 2CZ81-2CZ87 0.05A-3A 50-1000V 1.0 DO-41 10 2CP21-2CP29 0.3A 100-1000V 1.0 DO-41 11 2DZ14-2DZ15 0.5A-1A 200-1000V 1.0 DO-41 12 2DP3-2DP5 0.3A-1A 200-1000V 1.0 DO-41 13 BYW27 1A 200-1300V 1.0 DO-41 14 DR202-DR210 2A 200-1000V 1.0 DO-15 15 BY251-BY254 3A 200-800V 1.1 DO-201AD 16 BY550-200～1000 5A 200-1000V 1.1 R-5 17 PX10A02-PX10A13 10A 200-1300V 1.1 PX 18 PX12A02-PX12A13 12A 200-1300V 1.1 PX 19 PX15A02-PX15A13 15A 200-1300V 1.1 PX 20 ERA15-02～13 1A 200-1300V 1.0 R-1 21 ERB12-02～13 1A 200-1300V 1.0 DO-15 22 ERC05-02～13 1.2A 200-1300V 1.0 DO-15 23 ERC04-02～13 1.5A 200-1300V 1.0 DO-15 24 ERD03-02～13 3A 200-1300V 1.0 DO-201AD 25 EM1-EM2 1A-1.2A 200-1000V 0.97 DO-15 26 RM1Z-RM1C 1A 200-1000V 0.95 DO-15 27 RM2Z-RM2C 1.2A 200-1000V 0.95 DO-15 28 RM11Z-RM11C 1.5A 200-1000V 0.95 DO-15 29 RM3Z-RM3C 2.5A 200-1000V 0.97 DO-201AD 30 RM4Z-RM4C 3A 200-1000V 0.97 DO-201AD 2.快恢复塑封整流二极管 序号型号IF VRRM VF Trr 外形 A V V μs （1）快恢复塑封整流二极管 1 1F1-1F7 1A 50-1000V 1.3 0.15-0.5 R-1 2 FR10-FR60 1A-6A 50-1000V 1. 3 0.15-0.5 3 1N4933-1N4937 1A 50-600V 1.2 0.2 DO-41 4 1N4942-1N4948 1A 200-1000V 1.3 0.15-0. 5 DO-41 5 BA157-BA159 1A 400-1000V 1.3 0.15-0.25 DO-41 6 MR850-MR858 3A 100-800V 1.3 0.2 DO-201AD
7. 我国的法律体系构成 中华人民共和国宪法。宪法具有最高的法 律效力。 法律。由全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会制定的调整特定社会关系的法律文件，是特 定范畴内的基本法。根据所调整的社会关系不同，法律一般可分为行政法、财政法、经 济法、民 法、刑法、诉讼法等。 行政法规。在我国，行政法规专指国务院制定的行政法律规范。行政法规是国务院在领 导和管理国家的各项行政工作中， 根据宪法和法律而制定有关经济、 建设、 教育、科技、 文化、外交等各类法规的总称。国务院是国家行政的最高机关，制定行政法规是国务 院 领导全国行政工作的一种重要手段。 地方性法规。地方性法规是地方各级人民代表大会及其常务委员会根据宪法和《中华人 民共和国地方人民代表大会和地方各级政府组织法》的规定制定的法律规范。我国有三 级地方人民代表大会及其常务委员会可以制定地方性法规：一是省、自治区、直辖市的 人民代表大会及其常务委员会；而是省、自治区人民政府所在的人民代表大会及其 常务 委员会；三是经国务院批准的较大城市的人民代表大会及其常务委员会。地方性法规主 要规范地方行政管理问题，是地方各级人民政府从事行政管理工作的依据。 部门规章。国务院各部、委员会等具有行政管理职能的机构，可以根据法律和国务院的 行政法规（以及决定和规定） ，在本部门的全县范围内制定部门规章。部门规章规定事 项的目的在于执行法律活国务院行政法规特定事项。 地方政府规章。省、直辖市和自治区以及省、自治区人们执法所在城市或由国务院指定 城市的人们政府，可以根据法律、行政法规和本省、自治区、直辖市的地方性法规，制 定在其行 政区范围内普遍适应的规则。 技术标准（规范） 。我国实行技术标准（规范）的管理，技术标准（规范）的制定属于 技术立法的范畴。技术标准（规范）包括国家标准（规范） 、地方标准（规范）和行业 标准（规范） 。 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
常用稳压管型号对照——（朋友发的） 美标稳压二极管型号 1N4727 3V0 1N4728 3V3 1N4729 3V6 1N4730 3V9 1N4731 4V3 1N4732 4V7 1N4733 5V1 1N4734 5V6 1N4735 6V2 1N4736 6V8 1N4737 7V5 1N4738 8V2 1N4739 9V1 1N4740 10V 1N4741 11V 1N4742 12V 1N4743 13V 1N4744 15V 1N4745 16V 1N4746 18V 1N4747 20V 1N4748 22V 1N4749 24V 1N4750 27V 1N4751 30V 1N4752 33V 1N4753 36V 1N4754 39V 1N4755 43V 1N4756 47V 1N4757 51V 需要规格书请到以下地址下载， 经常看到很多板子上有M记的铁壳封装的稳压管，都是以美标的1N系列型号标识的，没有具体的电压值，刚才翻手册查了以下3V至51V的型号与电压的对 照值，希望对大家有用 1N4727 3V0 1N4728 3V3 1N4729 3V6 1N4730 3V9
1N4733 5V1 1N4734 5V6 1N4735 6V2 1N4736 6V8 1N4737 7V5 1N4738 8V2 1N4739 9V1 1N4740 10V 1N4741 11V 1N4742 12V 1N4743 13V 1N4744 15V 1N4745 16V 1N4746 18V 1N4747 20V 1N4748 22V 1N4749 24V 1N4750 27V 1N4751 30V 1N4752 33V 1N4753 36V 1N4754 39V 1N4755 43V 1N4756 47V 1N4757 51V DZ是稳压管的电器编号，是和1N4148和相近的，其实1N4148就是一个0.6V的稳压管，下面是稳压管上的编号对应的稳压值，有些小的稳压管也会在管体 上直接标稳压电压，如5V6就是5.6V的稳压管。 1N4728A 3.3 1N4729A 3.6 1N4730A 3.9 1N4731A 4.3 1N4732A 4.7 1N4733A 5.1 1N4734A 5.6 1N4735A 6.2 1N4736A 6.8 1N4737A 7.5 1N4738A 8.2 1N4739A 9.1 1N4740A 10 1N4741A 11 1N4742A 12 1N4743A 13
二极管封装大全 篇一：贴片二极管型号、参数 贴片二极管型号.参数查询 1、肖特基二极管SMA（DO214AC） 2010-2-2 16:39:35 标准封装： SMA 2010 SMB 2114 SMC 3220 SOD123 1206 SOD323 0805 SOD523 0603 IN4001的封装是1812 IN4148的封装是1206 篇二：常见贴片二极管三极管的封装 常见贴片二极管/三极管的封装 常见贴片二极管/三极管的封装 二极管： 名称尺寸及焊盘间距其他尺寸相近的封装名称 SMC SMB SMA SOD-106 SC-77A SC-76/SC-90A SC-79 三极管： LDPAK
DPAK SC-63 SOT-223 SC-73 TO-243/SC-62/UPAK/MPT3 SC-59A/SOT-346/MPAK/SMT3 SOT-323 SC-70/CMPAK/UMT3 SOT-523 SC-75A/EMT3 SOT-623 SC-89/MFPAK SOT-723 SOT-923 VMT3 篇三：常用二极管的识别及ic封装技术 常用晶体二极管的识别 晶体二极管在电路中常用“D”加数字表示，如： D5表示编号为5的二极管。 1、作用：二极管的主要特性是单向导电性，也就是在正向电压的作用下，导通电阻很小;而在反向电压作用下导通电阻极大或无穷大。正因为二极管具有上述特性，无绳电话机中常把它用在整流、隔离、稳压、极性保护、编码控制、调频调制和静噪等电路中。 电话机里使用的晶体二极管按作用可分为：整流二极管(如1N4004)、隔离二极管(如1N4148)、肖特基二极管(如BAT85)、发光二极管、稳压二极管等。 2、识别方法：二极管的识别很简单，小功率二极管的N极(负极)，在二极管外表大多采用一种色圈标出来，有些二极管也用二极管专用符号来表示P极(正极)或N极(负极)，也有采用符号标志为“P”、“N”来确定二极管极性的。发光二极管的正负极可从引脚长短来识别，长
1N 系列常用整流二极管的主要参数
反向工作 峰值电压 URM/V 额定正向 整流电流 整流电流 IF/A 正向不重 复浪涌峰 值电流 IFSM/A 正向 压降 UF/V 反向 电流 IR/uA 工作 频率 f/KHZ 外形 封装
型 号
1N4000 1N4001 1N4002 1N4003 1N4004 1N4005 1N4006 1N4007 1N5100 1N5101 1N5102 1N5103 1N5104 1N5105 1N5106 1N5107 1N5108 1N5200 1N5201 1N5202 1N5203 1N5204 1N5205 1N5206 1N5207 1N5208 1N5400 1N5401 1N5402 1N5403 1N5404 1N5405 1N5406 1N5407 1N5408
25 50 100 200 400 600 800 1000 50 100 200 300 400 500 600 800 1000 50 100 200 300 400 500 600 800 1000 50 100 200 300 400 500 600 800 1000
1
30
≤1
＜5
3
DO-41
1．5
75
≤1
＜5
3
DO-15
2
100
≤1
＜10
3
3
150
≤0.8
＜10
3
DO-27
常用二极管参数： 05Z6.2Y 硅稳压二极管 Vz=6~6.35V,Pzm=500mW,
公司登记（备案）申请书 注：请仔细阅读本申请书《填写说明》，按要求填写。 □基本信息 名称 名称预先核准文号/ 注册号/统一 社会信用代码 住所 省（市/自治区）市（地区/盟/自治州）县（自治县/旗/自治旗/市/区）乡（民族乡/镇/街道）村（路/社区）号 生产经营地 省（市/自治区）市（地区/盟/自治州）县（自治县/旗/自治旗/市/区）乡（民族乡/镇/街道）村（路/社区）号 联系电话邮政编码 □设立 法定代表人 姓名 职务□董事长□执行董事□经理注册资本万元公司类型 设立方式 （股份公司填写） □发起设立□募集设立经营范围 经营期限□年□长期申请执照副本数量个
□变更 变更项目原登记内容申请变更登记内容 □备案 分公司 □增设□注销名称 注册号/统一 社会信用代码登记机关登记日期 清算组 成员 负责人联系电话 其他□董事□监事□经理□章程□章程修正案□财务负责人□联络员 □申请人声明 本公司依照《公司法》、《公司登记管理条例》相关规定申请登记、备案，提交材料真实有效。通过联络员登录企业信用信息公示系统向登记机关报送、向社会公示的企业信息为本企业提供、发布的信息，信息真实、有效。 法定代表人签字：公司盖章（清算组负责人）签字：年月日
附表1 法定代表人信息 姓名固定电话 移动电话电子邮箱 身份证件类型身份证件号码 （身份证件复印件粘贴处） 法定代表人签字：年月日
附表2 董事、监事、经理信息 姓名职务身份证件类型身份证件号码_______________ （身份证件复印件粘贴处） 姓名职务身份证件类型身份证件号码_______________ （身份证件复印件粘贴处） 姓名职务身份证件类型身份证件号码_______________ （身份证件复印件粘贴处）
1N系列稳压管
快恢复整流二极管
常用整流二极管型号和参数 05Z6.2Y 硅稳压二极管 Vz=6~6.35V,Pzm=500mW, 05Z7.5Y 硅稳压二极管 Vz=7.34~7.70V,Pzm=500mW, 05Z13X硅稳压二极管 Vz=12.4~13.1V,Pzm=500mW, 05Z15Y硅稳压二极管 Vz=14.4~15.15V,Pzm=500mW, 05Z18Y硅稳压二极管 Vz=17.55~18.45V,Pzm=500mW, 1N4001硅整流二极管 50V, 1A,(Ir=5uA,Vf=1V,Ifs=50A) 1N4002硅整流二极管 100V, 1A, 1N4003硅整流二极管 200V, 1A, 1N4004硅整流二极管 400V, 1A, 1N4005硅整流二极管 600V, 1A, 1N4006硅整流二极管 800V, 1A, 1N4007硅整流二极管 1000V, 1A, 1N4148二极管 75V, 4PF,Ir=25nA,Vf=1V, 1N5391硅整流二极管 50V, 1.5A,(Ir=10uA,Vf=1.4V,Ifs=50A) 1N5392硅整流二极管 100V,1.5A, 1N5393硅整流二极管 200V,1.5A, 1N5394硅整流二极管 300V,1.5A, 1N5395硅整流二极管 400V,1.5A, 1N5396硅整流二极管 500V,1.5A, 1N5397硅整流二极管 600V,1.5A, 1N5398硅整流二极管 800V,1.5A, 1N5399硅整流二极管 1000V,1.5A, 1N5400硅整流二极管 50V, 3A,(Ir=5uA,Vf=1V,Ifs=150A) 1N5401硅整流二极管 100V,3A, 1N5402硅整流二极管 200V,3A, 1N5403硅整流二极管 300V,3A, 1N5404硅整流二极管 400V,3A,
有限合伙企业登记注册操作指南 风险控制部 20xx年x月xx日
目录 一、合伙企业的概念 (4) 二、有限合伙企业应具备的条件 (4) 三、有限合伙企业设立具备的条件 (4) 四、注册有限合伙企业程序 (5) 五、申请合伙企业登记注册应提交文件、证件 (6) （一）合伙企业设立登记应提交的文件、证件： (6) （二）合伙企业变更登记应提交的文件、证件： (7) （三）合伙企业注销登记应提交的文件、证件： (8) （四）合伙企业申请备案应提交的文件、证件： (9) （五）其他登记应提交的文件、证件： (9) 六、申请合伙企业分支机构登记注册应提交的文件、证件 (9) （一）合伙企业分支机构设立登记应提交的文件、证件 (10) （二）合伙企业分支机构变更登记应提交的文件、证件： (10) （三）合伙企业分支机构注销登记应提交的文件、证件： (11) （四）其他登记应提交的文件、证件： (12) 七、收费标准 (12) 八、办事流程图 (12) （一）有限合伙企业创办总体流程图（不含专业性前置审批） (12) （二）、工商局注册程序 (15)
（三）、工商局具体办理程序（引入网上预审核、电话预约方式） (16) 九、有限合伙企业与有限责任公司的区别 (16) （一）、设立依据 (16) （二）、出资人数 (16) （三）、出资方式 (17) （四）、注册资本 (17) （五）、组织机构 (18) （六）、出资流转 (18) （七）、对外投资 (19) （八）、税收缴纳 (20) （九）、利润分配 (20) （十）、债务承担 (21) 十、常见问题解答与指导 (21)
中国特色社会主义法律体系的特征 各国的历史文化传统、具体国情和发展道路不同,社会制度、政治制度和经济制度不同,决定了各国的法律体系必然具有不同特征。中国特色社会主义法律体系,是新中国成立以来特别是改革开放30多年来经济社会发展实践经验制度化、法律化的集中体现,是中国特色社会主义制度的重要组成部分,具有十分鲜明的特征。 (一中国特色社会主义法律体系体现了中国特色社会主义的本质要求 一个国家法律体系的本质,由这个国家的法律确立的社会制度的本质所决定。中国是工人阶级领导的、以工农联盟为基础的人民民主专政的社会主义国家。在社会主义初级阶段,中国实行公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度,这就决定了中国的法律制度必然是社会主义的法律制度,所构建的法律体系必然是中国特色社会主义性质的法律体系。中国特色社会主义法律体系所包括的全部法律规范、所确立的各项法律制度,有利于巩固和发展社会主义制度,充分体现了人民的共同意志,维护了人民的根本利益,保障了人民当家作主。中国制定哪些法律,具体法律制度的内容如何规定,都坚持从中国特色社会主义的本质要求出发,从人民群众的根本意志和长远利益出发,将实现好、维护好、发展好最广大人民的根本利益作为根本出发点和落脚点。 (二中国特色社会主义法律体系体现了改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的时代要求 中国新时期最鲜明的特点是改革开放。中国特色社会主义法律体系与改革开放相伴而生、相伴而行、相互促进。一方面,形成中国特色社会主义法律体系,是改革开放和现代化建设顺利进行的内在要求,是在深入总结改革开放和现代化建设丰富实践经验基础上进行的。另一方面,中国特色社会主义法律体系的形成,为改革开放和社会主义现代化建设提供了良好的法制环境,发挥了积极的规范、引导、保障和促进作用。同时,中国特色社会主义法律体系妥善处理了法律稳定性和改革变动性的关系,既反映和肯定了改革开放和现代化建设的成功做法,又为改革开放和现代化建设进一步发展预留了空间。
常用稳压二极管技术参数及老型号代换 型号最大功耗 (mW) 稳定电压(V) 电流(mA) 代换型号国产稳压管日立稳压管 HZ4B2 500 3.8 4.0 5 2CW102 2CW21 4B2 HZ4C1 500 4.0 4.2 5 2CW102 2CW21 4C1 HZ6 500 5.5 5.8 5 2CW103 2CW21A 6B1 HZ6A 500 5.2 5.7 5 2CW103 2CW21A HZ6C3 500 6 6.4 5 2CW104 2CW21B 6C3 HZ7 500 6.9 7.2 5 2CW105 2CW21C HZ7A 500 6.3 6.9 5 2CW105 2CW21C HZ7B 500 6.7 7.3 5 2CW105 2CW21C HZ9A 500 7.7 8.5 5 2CW106 2CW21D HZ9CTA 500 8.9 9.7 5 2CW107 2CW21E HZ11 500 9.5 11.9 5 2CW109 2CW21G HZ12 500 11.6 14.3 5 2CW111 2CW21H HZ12B 500 12.4 13.4 5 2CW111 2CW21H HZ12B2 500 12.6 13.1 5 2CW111 2CW21H 12B2 HZ18Y 500 16.5 18.5 5 2CW113 2CW21J HZ20-1 500 18.86 19.44 2 2CW114 2CW21K HZ27 500 27.2 28.6 2 2CW117 2CW21L 27-3 HZT33-02 400 31 33.5 5 2CW119 2CW21M RD2.0E(B) 500 1.88 2.12 20 2CW100 2CW21P 2B1 RD2.7E 400 2.5 2.93 20 2CW101 2CW21S RD3.9EL1 500 3.7 4 20 2CW102 2CW21 4B2 RD5.6EN1 500 5.2 5.5 20 2CW103 2CW21A 6A1 RD5.6EN3 500 5.6 5.9 20 2CW104 2CW21B 6B2 RD5.6EL2 500 5.5 5.7 20 2CW103 2CW21A 6B1 RD6.2E(B) 500 5.88 6.6 20 2CW104 2CW21B RD7.5E(B) 500 7.0 7.9 20 2CW105 2CW21C RD10EN3 500 9.7 10.0 20 2CW108 2CW21F 11A2 RD11E(B) 500 10.1 11.8 15 2CW109 2CW21G RD12E 500 11.74 12.35 10 2CW110 2CW21H 12A1 RD12F 1000 11.19 11.77 20 2CW109 2CW21G RD13EN1 500 12 12.7 10 2CW110 2CW21H 12A3 RD15EL2 500 13.8 14.6 15 2CW112 2CW21J 12C3 RD24E 400 22 25 10 2CW116 2CW21H 24-1
→客户提供：场所证明租赁协议身份证委托书三张一寸相片 →需准备材料：办理税务登记证时需要会计师资格证与财务人员劳动合同 →提交名称预审通知书→公司法定代表人签署的《公司设立登记申请书》→全体股东签署的《指定代表或者公共委托代理人的证明》（申请人填写股东姓名）→全体股东签署的公司章程（需得到工商局办事人员的认可）→股东身份证复印件→验资报告（需到计师事务所办理：需要材料有名称预审通知书复印件公司章程股东身份证复印件银行开具验资账户进账单原件银行开具询证函租赁合同及场所证明法人身份证原件公司开设临时存款账户的复印件）→任职文件（法人任职文件及股东董事会决议）→住所证明（房屋租赁合同）→工商局（办证大厅）提交所有材料→公司营业执照办理结束 →需带材料→公司营业执照正副本原件及复印件→法人身份证原件→代理人身份证→公章→办理人开具银行收据交款元工本费→填写申请书→组织机构代码证办
理结束 →需带材料→工商营业执照正副本复印件原件→组织机构正副本原件及复印件→公章→公司法定代表人签署的《公司设立登记申请书》→公司章程→股东注册资金情况表→验资报告书复印件→场所证明（租赁合同）→法人身份证复印件原件→会计师资格证（劳动合同）→税务登记证办理结束 →需带材料→工商营业执照正副本复印件原件→组织机构正副本原件及复印件→税务登记证原件及复印件→公章→法人身份证原件及复印件→代理人身份证原件及复印件→法人私章→公司验资账户→注以上复印件需四份→办理时间个工作日→办理结束 →需带材料→工商营业执照正副本复印件原件→组织机构正副本原件及复印件→公章→公司法定代表人签署的《公司设立登记申请书》→公司章程→股东注册资金情况表→验资报告书复印件→场所证明（租赁合同）→法人身份证复印件原件→会计师资格证（劳动合同）→会计制度→银行办理的开户许可证复印件→税务登记证备案办理结束
常用稳压管型号参数对照 3V到51V 1W稳压管型号对照表1N4727 3V0 1N4728 3V3 1N4729 3V6 1N4730 3V9 1N4731 4V3 1N4732 4V7 1N4733 5V1 1N4734 5V6 1N4735 6V2 1N4736 6V8 1N4737 7V5
1N4739 9V1 1N4740 10V 1N4741 11V 1N4742 12V 1N4743 13V 1N4744 15V 1N4745 16V 1N4746 18V 1N4747 20V 1N4748 22V 1N4749 24V 1N4750 27V 1N4751 30V
1N4753 36V 1N4754 39V 1N4755 43V 1N4756 47V 1N4757 51V 摩托罗拉IN47系列1W稳压管IN4728 3.3v IN4729 3.6v IN4730 3.9v IN4731 4.3 IN4732 4.7 IN4733 5.1
IN4735 6.2 IN4736 6.8 IN4737 7.5 IN4738 8.2 IN4739 9.1 IN4740 10 IN4741 11 IN4742 12 IN4743 13 IN4744 15 IN4745 16 IN4746 18 IN4747 20
IN4749 24 IN4750 27 IN4751 30 IN4752 33 IN4753 34 IN4754 35 IN4755 36 IN4756 47 IN4757 51 摩托罗拉IN52系列 0.5w精密稳压管IN5226 3.3v IN5227 3.6v
G ENERAL PURPOSE RECTIFIERS – P LASTIC P ASSIVATED J UNCTION 1.0 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 SMA/DO-214AC G ENERAL PURPOSE RECTIFIERS – G LASS P ASSIVATED J UNCTION S M 1.0 GS1A GS1B GS1D GS1G GS1J GS1K GS1M SMA/DO-214AC 1.0 S1A S1B S1D S1G S1J S1K S1M SMB/DO-214AA 2.0 S2A S2B S2D S2G S2J S2K S2M SMB/DO-214AA 3.0 S3A S3B S3D S3G S3J S3K S3M SMC/DO-214AB F AST RECOVERY RECTIFIERS – P LASTIC P ASSIVATED J UNCTION MERITEK ELECTRONICS CORPORATION
U LTRA FAST RECOVERY RECTIFIERS – G LASS P ASSIVATED J UNCTION
S CHOTTKY B ARRIER R ECTIFIERS
S WITCHING D IODES Power Dissipation Max Avg Rectified Current Peak Reverse Voltage Continuous Reverse Current Forward Voltage Reverse Recovery Time Package Part Number P a (mW) I o (mA) V RRM (V) I R @ V R (V) V F @ I F (mA) t rr (ns) Bulk Reel Outline 200mW 1N4148WS 200 150 100 2500 @ 75 1.0 @ 50 4 5000 SOD-323 1N4448WS 200 150 100 2500 @ 7 5 0.72/1.0 @ 5.0/100 4 5000 SOD-323 BAV16WS 200 250 100 1000 @ 7 5 0.8 6 @ 10 6 5000 SOD-323 BAV19WS 200 250 120 100 @ 100 1.0 @ 100 50 5000 SOD-323 BAV20WS 200 250 200 100 @ 150 1.0 @ 100 50 5000 SOD-323 BAV21WS 200 250 250 100 @ 200 1.0 @ 100 50 5000 SOD-323 MMBD4148W 200 150 100 2500 @ 75 1.0 @ 50 4 3000 SOT-323-1 MMBD4448W 200 150 100 2500 @ 7 5 0.72/1.0 @ 5.0/100 4 3000 SOT-323-1 BAS16W 200 250 100 1000 @ 7 5 0.8 6 @ 10 6 3000 SOT-323-1 BAS19W 200 250 120 100 @ 100 1.0 @ 100 50 3000 SOT-323-1 BAS20W 200 250 200 100 @ 150 1.0 @ 100 50 3000 SOT-323-1 BAS21W 200 250 250 100 @ 200 1.0 @ 100 50 3000 SOT-323-1 BAW56W 200 150 100 2500 @ 75 1.0 @ 50 4 3000 SOT-323-2 BAV70W 200 150 100 2500 @ 75 1.0 @ 50 4 3000 SOT-323-3 BAV99W 200 150 100 2500 @ 75 1.0 @ 50 4 3000 SOT-323-4 BAL99W 200 150 100 2500 @ 75 1.0 @ 50 4 3000 SOT-323- 5 350mW MMBD4148 350 200 100 5000 @ 75 1.0 @ 10 4 3000 SOT-23-1 MMBD4448 350 200 100 5000 @ 75 1.0 @ 10 4 3000 SOT-23-1 BAS16 350 200 100 1000 @ 75 1.0 @ 50 6 3000 SOT-23-1 BAS19 350 200 120 100 @ 120 1.0 @ 100 50 3000 SOT-23-1 BAS20 350 200 200 100 @ 150 1.0 @ 100 50 3000 SOT-23-1 BAS21 350 200 250 100 @ 200 1.0 @ 100 50 3000 SOT-23-1 BAW56 350 200 100 2500 @ 70 1.0 @ 50 4 3000 SOT-23-2 BAV70 350 200 100 5000 @ 70 1.0 @ 50 4 3000 SOT-23-3 BAV99 350 200 100 2500 @ 70 1.0 @ 50 4 3000 SOT-23-4 BAL99 350 200 100 2500 @ 70 1.0 @ 50 4 3000 SOT-23-5 BAV16W 350 200 100 1000 @ 75 0.86 @ 10 6 3000 SOD-123 410-500mW BAV19W 410 200 120 100 @ 100 1.0 @ 100 50 3000 SOD-123 BAV20W 410 200 200 100 @ 150 1.0 @ 100 50 3000 SOD-123 BAV21W 410 200 250 100 @ 200 1.0 @ 100 50 3000 SOD-123 1N4148W 410 150 100 2500 @ 75 1.0 @ 50 4 3000 SOD-123 1N4150W 410 200 50 100 @ 50 0.72/1.0 @ 5.0/100 4 3000 SOD-123 1N4448W 500 150 100 2500 @ 7 5 1.0 @ 200 4 3000 SOD-123 1N4151W 500 150 75 50 @ 50 1.0 @ 10 2 3000 SOD-123 1N914 500 200 100 25 @ 20 1.0 @ 10 4 1000 10000 DO-35 1N4148 500 200 100 25 @ 20 1.0 @ 10 4 1000 10000 DO-35 LL4148 500 150 100 25 @ 20 1.0 @ 10 4 2500 Mini-Melf SOT23-1 SOT23-2 SOT23-3 SOT23-4 SOT23-5 SOT323-1 SOT323-2 SOT323-3 SOT323-4 SOT323-5