2013届高考英语二轮复习基础知识专题训练（八）（新课标专用）
专题限时训练(三十六)[社会生活型阅读理解(二)]
(限时：25分钟)
(一)
A serious problem for today's society is who should be responsible for our elderly and how to improve their lives. It is not only a financial problem but also a question of the system we want for our society. I would like to suggest several possible solutions to this problem.
First, employers should take the responsibility for their retired employees. To make this possible, a percentage of profits should be set aside for this purpose. But when a company must take life-long responsibility for its employees, it may suffer from a commercial disadvantage due to higher employee costs.
Another way of solving the problem is to return the responsibility to the individual. This means each person must save during his working years to pay for his years of retirement. This does not seem a very fair model since some people have enough trouble paying for their daily life without trying to earn extra to cover their retirement years. This means the government might have to step in to care for the poor.
In addition, the government could take responsibility for the care of the elderly. This could be financed through government taxes to increase the level of pensions(养老金). Furthermore, some institutions should be created for senior citizens, which can help provide a comfortable life for them. Unfortunately, as the present situation in our country shows, this is not a truly viable answer. The government can seldom afford to care for the elderly, particularly when it is busy trying to care for the young.
One further solution is that the government or social organizations establish some working places especially for the elderly where they are independent.
To sum up, all these options have advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that some combination of these options may be needed to provide the care we hope to give to our elderly generations.
1．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The problem faced by the old in society.
B．Why we should take responsibility for the old.
C．How we can improve the lives of the old.
D．Where the old can go to get their pensions.
2．According to the passage，how can the government help to improve the lives of the retired people?
A．Set aside some profits to help people with problems after they retire.
B．Increase saving levels of people during their working years.
C．Increase the discounts for food and transport for the old.
D．Make available pensions for those who have retired.
3．The underlined word “viable”most probably means________.
A．impossible B．practical
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C．useful D．successful
4．What can be concluded from the passage?
A．There is no single solution to the problem of the old.
B．Employers should allow their workers to retire at a later age.
C．Becoming independent should be the goal of most old people.
D．Taking care of the old is mainly an issue of money.
(二)
For anyone who is determined to be a fashion(时尚) designer, it is not enough to have succeeded in college.The real test is whether they can survive, and become established during their early 20s, making a name for themselves in the real world where business skills can be as important as talent and creativity.
Fashion is a hard business.There is a continuous amount of stress because work is at a constant and extremely fast speed to prepare for the next season's collections.It is extremely competitive and there is the constant need to make attractive advertisements of the latest fashion in newspapers and magazines.It also requires continual freshness because the appetite for new ideas is hard to satisfy.“We try to warn people before they come to us about how tough it is.” says Lydia Kemeny, the Head of Fashion at St.Martin's School of Art in London.“And we point out that drive and determination are absolutely necessary.”
This may seem far removed from the popular opinions of fashionable young people spending their time designing pretty dresses.That may well be what they do in their first year of study but a good college won't be slow in introducing students to commercial realities.“We don't walk our feet on the blossoming (绽放的) flower of creativity but in the second year we start introducing the restrictions of price, producing ability, marketing and so on.”
Almost all fashion design is done to a brief.It is not a form of self-expression as such, although there is certainly room for imagination and creativity.Most young designers are going to end up as employees of a producer or a fashion house and they still need to be able to work within the characteristic style of their employer.Even those students who are most modern in their own taste of clothes may need to adapt to produce designs which are right for the mainstream of market.They also have to be able to work at both the expensive and the cheap end of the market and the challenge to produce good design inexpensively may well be demanding.
1．Which of the following is mainly discussed in the passage?
A．Talent in fashion.
B．Good marks at college.
C．Ability to create new designs.
D．Business skills in fashion industry.
2．What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A．Fashion designers are highly motivated and really determined.
B．Good preparations for the next season can reduce stress.
C．Consumers' appetite for new ideas keeps changing.
D．Advertisement business is very competitive.
3．How does St.Martin's School of Art train her students of fashion?
A．To encourage the new students to design freely with imagination.
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B．To require students to develop their creativity in their designing.
C．To demand students to make pretty dresses for companies.
D．To offer commercial courses for the new students.
4．What does the underlined word “This”in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Lydia Kemeny's opinion.
B．The competitive business world.
C．The warning to the young designers.
D．The real situation in fashion industry.
(三)
Many cities in the world are benefiting from the night activities of a group of people who call themselves guerrilla (游击队) gardeners. Armed with trowels, spades and a van full of flowers and plants, guerrilla gardeners turn abandoned urban land into a blaze of color. In city centre locations where there was mud, weeds and empty plastic bottles, residents often wake up to find that the wasted area has been transformed overnight with brightly-colored bedding plants.
In most British cities, local governments and police turn a blind eye to the effort of the gardeners, whose activities are always carried out under cover of nightfall. And so far, there has been nothing but praise from the astonished and delighted local residents when they find their neighborhood transformed in such a striking fashion.
Not only do the guerrilla gardeners beautify neglected places, they also return regularly to water the plants and weed the flower beds. They also make sure that at least some of the plants they bring are evergreens, which means that the area doesn't look depressing in the winter months.
The first guerrilla gardener in London was Richard Reynolds, whose day job is at an advertising agency. Mr. Reynolds, a graduate of Oxford University, began his efforts two years ago when he moved to a flat in a tower block in South London. From his balcony, he could see several empty concrete pots, placed by the local governments to contain plants but never used. He went out after midnight and filled the pots with plants, and then planted more flowers in the path leading to the entrance to the block.
He then set up a website to explain his plan and called upon more gardeners to join him. Cash donations flooded in and, more importantly, volunteers rushed to be part of the campaign. Within six months, there were five hundred people in London prepared to come out at very short notice to restore neglected parts of the urban landscape. There are now unofficial but carefully-organized groups in many cities in Britain and North America and there is also a website where would-be urban gardeners can find out the location of the next expedition.
1. These guerrilla gardeners do their work ________.
A. at the request of the government
B．nearby their houses
C．often in return for others' help
D．out of their own free will
2. Richard Reynolds decided to fill the pots with plants in order to ________.
A. plant more flowers in the path
B．beautify the neighborhood
C．attract attention for his ad agency
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D．make the plants a feast for his eyes
3. The guerrilla gardeners often return to their night working places with the purpose of ________.
A. looking after these plants
B．enjoying these beautiful flowers
C．helping plants live through winter months
D．changing the varieties of the plants
4. It can be inferred from the text that these guerrilla gardeners ________.
A. are mainly from the United Kingdom
B．will later get well paid
C．are still not accepted by the local government
D．become more and more organized
专题限时训练(三十七)[科普知识型阅读理解(一)]
(限时：25分钟)
(一)
Traffic lights are key tools for regulating traffic now.They are not, however, perfect. Drivers exchange the traffic jams that would happen at unmanaged crossings for a pattern of stop-go movement that can still be annoying, and which burns more fuel than a smooth passage would.
Creating such a smooth passage means adjusting a vehicle's speed so that it always arrives at the lights when they are green.That is theoretically possible, but practically hard.Roadside signs wired to traffic lights can help get the message across a couple hundred metres from a crossing, but such signs are expensive, and are not widespread.Margaret Martonosi and Emmanouil Koukoumidis at Princeton University, and Li-Shiuan Peh at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, however, have an idea that could make the process cheaper and more effective.Instead of a hardwired network of signs, they propose to use mobile-phone applications.
For a driver to benefit, he must load the team's software, named SignalGuru, into his phone and then put it on a special thing attached to the inside of his car's windscreen, with the camera lens (镜头) pointing forward.SignalGuru is designed to detect traffic lights and track their status as red, yellow or green.It broadcasts this information to other phones in the area that are fitted with the same software, and—if there are enough of them, the phones thus each know the status of most of the lights around https://www.doczj.com/doc/4d3351707.html,ing this information, SignalGuru is able to calculate the traffic-light schedule for the area and suggest the speed at which a driver should travel in order to avoid red lights.
Tests in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where five drivers were asked to follow the same route for three hours, and in Singapore, where eight drivers were asked to follow one of two routes for 30 minutes, revealed that SignalGuru was capable of predicting traffic-light activity with an
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accuracy of 98.2% and 96.3% respectively, in the two cities.This was particularly impressive because in Cambridge the lights shifted, roughly half-way through the test, from their unbusy schedule to their afternoon-traffic schedule, while in Singapore lights are adaptive, using detectors fixed under the road to determine how much traffic is present and thus when a signal should change.In neither case was SignalGuru fooled.
Fuel consumption fell, too—by about 20%.SignalGuru thus reduces both annoyance and fuel use, and makes going back and forth to work a slightly less horrible experience.
1．Roadside signs wired to traffic lights are not the best way to create a smooth passage because ________，
A．they are expensive and easily break
B．they are too costly and not widely used
C．they are complex and confusing to drivers
D．they are theoretically possible but practically useless
2．SignalGuru is an application used on ________.
A．a camera
B．a computer
C．a mobile phone
D．a GPS system in one's car
3．With the information it collects and processes, SignalGuru is able to ________.
A．help drivers avoid traffic accidents
B．allow drivers to adjust their speed
C．change the traffic lights in advance
D．send information to all cell phones
4．The tests in Cambridge and Singapore were impressive because SignalGuru ________.
A．proved to be unreliable
B．operated at a high speed
C．functioned rather stably
D．understood drivers'schedules
(二)
Have you ever wondered why stems(茎)grow upwards and roots downwards? Why plants always seem to turn towards the light and climbing plants run up rather than down? The answer is simple: auxin(生长素), a chemical substance that controls growth in plants.
Auxin gives away its secrets
Auxin is a plant hormone(激素). Darwin was already interested in it in the 19th century. Only in recent years, however, has the hormone started to give away its secrets, thanks to intensive molecular research. Auxin is produced in the young, growing parts of plants and then transported throughout the plant—to a low-lying stem for example. The stem needs to straighten out as soon as possible to be able to absorb the topside, resulting in the underside growing faster and the stem straightening out. For the same reason, plants in front of windows will always turn to the light. This active regulation of auxin transport allows plants to take ideal advantage of local and changing conditions.
A new means of transport for auxin
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The transport of auxin through the plant plays a vital role. And, from all appearances, it is not a simple matter. The researchers identified an important new link and means of transport for auxin: PILS proteins (蛋白质). PILS proteins are vital for auxin-dependent plant growth and adjust the intracellular(细胞内的)storage of the hormone. It is exactly this compartmentalizing (分类) of auxin that seems functionally important for the various developmental processes.
Growing crops more efficiently: the right amount of auxin in the right place
Higher auxin levels at the right moment and in the right place result in better growth and greater harvest. Better adjustment of auxin levels would make plants grow more efficiently. The researchers hope to contribute to the development of more efficient growing processes by continuing to sort out auxin transport processes.
1. Which of the following is TRUE of auxin according to the text?
A. It helps the plant to bend at the right places while growing.
B．It prevents the roots of plants from growing faster.
C．It is no use when the surroundings have changed.
D．It helps the underside of plants grow faster than the topside.
2. From Paragraph 3 we know that ________
A. the researchers are not so sure if the transport for auxin is a new one
B．the levels of auxin remain the same during the growing processes of plants
C．PILS proteins delay the growth of plants
D．PILS proteins play an important part in the transport of auxin
3．According to Paragraph 2, the researchers got their results mainly by ________.
A. referring to Darwin's theory
B．observing plants straightening
C．doing intensive molecular research
D．watching plants in different places
4．Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?
A. Why Plants Grow Towards the Light?
B．Darwin's Dream Has Come True
C．How Did Scientists Find Out the Secret?
D．A New Way of the Growing of Plants
(三)
Steven Spielberg's 2002 science-fiction thriller Minority Report produced a world where computers could read minds and predict the future.It seemed fanciful at the time，but fantasy is edging closer to fact.
On Jan.31，a team of scientists at the UC Berkeley，led by Robert Knight programmed computers to decode(解码)brain waves and replay them as words. Five months earlier, another group of Berkeley scientists showed their colleagues short movies and used computers to play back in color what people saw.
These experiments are a big advance from 2006，when a French scientist first replayed https://www.doczj.com/doc/4d3351707.html, 010-******** 58818068
images from a human mind, a black and white checkerboard pattern.The possibilities are great: a disabled person could “speak”；doctors could access the mind of a patient who fainted; you could rewatch your dreams on an iPad.There are, of course, equally dark side, such as the involuntary takeout of information from the brain.
In spite of these breakthroughs，Jack Gallant，the neuroscientist who led the first Berkeley team, says current technology for decoding brain activity is still “relatively primitive”. The field is held back by its poor machinery，in particular the FMRI.
“Eventually，”says Gallant，“someone will invent a decoding machine you can wear as a hat.”Such an advance into the human mind，he says，might take 30 years.
Still, the recent advances at Berkeley offer small answers，which scientists can use to begin unlocking the secrets of memory and consciousness.
1．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．New technology can read your mind
B．Fantasy is edging closer to fact
C．A new discovery in human brain
D．The intelligent computers in the future
2．What did scientists at the UC Berkeley do?
A．They produced a fanciful world.
B．They made computers jump forward like a human.
C．They managed to translate brain waves into language.
D．They used computers to make short movies.
3．Which of the following is impossible for the research?
A．It can help a disabled man recover his ability of speech.
B．Doctors can read a patient's mind even if he is unconscious.
C．People will know what happens in their dreams.
D．People's thoughts may be given away.
4．What plays the most important role in the development of the technology?
A．A computer. B．An iPad.
C．A decoding machine. D．A hat.
5．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A．scientists got the inspiration from a movie
B．the technology still has a long way to go
C．the technology has been put into practice
D．scientists have unlocked the secrets of memory
专题限时训练(三十八)[科普知识型阅读理解(二)]
(限时：25分钟)
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(一)
We can stay young forever. That is the message Dr. Shen Ziyin wants to give the world. And the Chinese doctor claims that he has found an answer to the problems of aging.
His solution is a herbal medicine to slow the process of aging. Dr. Shen Ziyin has been trained in Western medicine. At the same time he studied traditional Chinese medicine. And, he has been working for the past forty years to put together the best of both and find a cure for aging. He has taken a hint from the ancient Chinese medicine system called “shen”．According to Shen, it is the kidney(肾脏)which adjusts the functioning of the body as well as its aging process. It is responsible for the level of activity that the human bodies go through. Studies conducted by Dr. Shen show that herbal medicine based on the shen system slow the aging process, says a report in The Telegraph newspaper. We notice that when people grow old, they have reduced strength, loss of hair, backache, weakness in general, and wrinkles, among others. This happens because when people grow old, their bodies produce T-cells. These T-cells contain a particular substance called Fas. Fas makes the cells in the body destruct themselves.
So the only way to slow down aging is to slow the production of T-cells in the body. This can happen if people eat low calorie food. Then the body is not active enough to produce extra T-cells. But, is going hungry all the time a good price to pay for staying young?
This is where Dr. Shen's herbal medicine comes in. But how effective it will be, only time can tell.
1．How did Dr. Shen find the solution to the problems of aging?
A. By studying Western medicine.
B．By learning traditional Chinese medicine.
C．By combining both Western and Chinese medicine.
D．By doing research on both Western and Chinese people.
2. What plays the most important role in keeping people young according to Shen?
A. Medical treatment.
B．People's good kidney.
C．Level of people's activity.
D．Positive life attitude.
3. The reason why people become old is that ________.
A. their bodies produce T-cells
B．their bodies are unable to fight diseases
C．they have reduced strength, loss of hair
D．they become weaker and weaker
4. We can probably learn from the passage that ________.
A. producing more low calorie food allows people to keep young
B．the more Chinese herbal medicine people drink, the better for health
C．people should try to quicken the production of T-cells in the body
D．it remains unknown how effective Dr. Shen's herbal medicine is
(二)
Looking for a new weight loss plan? Try living on the top of a mountain.Mountain air contains less oxygen than air at lower altitudes，so breathing it causes the heart to beat faster and
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the body to burn more energy. Studies have found that athletes training at high altitudes tend to lose weight.Doctor Florian Lippl in Germany wondered how the mountain air would affect obese individuals if they weren't doing any more physical activity than usual.
Lippl and his colleagues invited 20 obese men to an environmental research station about 300 meters below the summit of Zugspitze，a mountain near the Austrian border. This was no hiking expedition. They were allowed to eat as much as they liked. The men also gave blood so that researchers could test for hormones(荷尔蒙)linked to appetite and obesity.At the end of the week, the men, whose weight starting out was 105 kilograms, had lost about 1.5 kg on average.The men's blood pressure also dropped，which the researchers owed to weight lost.
Exactly what caused the weight loss is uncertain.Loss of appetite is common at higher altitudes, and indeed the men ate significantly less than usual—about 700 calories fewer per day.
Appetite loss at high altitudes could certainly be key，notes Damian Bailey，a physiologist, who himself recently lost 11 kg during a 3-month expedition to the Andes in Chile.
Unfortunately，for the average person there's no treatment that can resemble living at high altitudes, says Lippl.He says，half-jokingly, “If obese people plan their holidays，they might not go to the sea，but maybe to the mountains.”
1．The underlined word “obese”in the first paragraph probably means “________”．A．unhealthy B．swollen
C．very fat D．weighty
2．Hormones were tested in the research because they could affect________.
A．one's body weight
B．one's blood pressure
C．one's way of living
D．one's heart-beating rate
3．What was found about the 20 obese men in the process of the research?
A．They controlled what to eat.
B．They took in fewer calories than usual.
C．They lost appetite because of lack of physical activities.
D．They were provided with a healthier diet than before.
4．Why does Damian Bailey agree with the idea of appetite loss at high altitudes?
A．He experimented with the new weight loss plan in the Andes.
B．He found no other reasons for his loss of weight in the Andes.
C．He researched the related subject in the Andes.
D．He lost much weight in the high altitude Andes.
(三)
In July 1994 Jupiter，the largest planet in our solar system was struck by 21 pieces of a comet (彗星)．When the fragments (碎片) landed in the southern part of the grand planet，the explosions were watched by scientists here on the earth. But what if our own planet was hit by a comet?
The year is 2094.It has been announced that a comet is heading towards the earth. Most of it will miss our planet, but two fragments will probably hit the southern part of the earth. The news has caused panic.
On July 17，a fragment four kilometers wide enters the earth's atmosphere with a huge https://www.doczj.com/doc/4d3351707.html, 010-******** 58818068
explosion. About half of the fragment is destroyed. But the major part survives and hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound. The sea boils and an enormous wave is created and spreads. The wall of water rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned. The wave moves into the Indian Ocean and heads towards Asia.
Millions of people are already dead in the southern part of the earth，but the north won't escape for long. Tons of broken pieces are thrown into the atmosphere by the explosions. As the sun is hidden by clouds of dust，temperatures around the world fall to almost zero. Crops are ruined. Wars break out as countries fight for food. A year later civilization has collapsed. No more than 10 million people have survived.
Could it really happen? It has already happened more than once in the history of the earth. The dinosaurs were on the earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that the earth was hit by a space fragment. The dinosaurs couldn't survive in the cold climate that followed and they became extinct. Will we meet the same end?
1. Which of the following is NOT true according to the author's description of the disaster in 2094?
A. The whole world becomes extremely cold.
B．All the coastal cities in Africa are destroyed.
C．The whole mankind becomes extinct.
D．The visit of the comet results in wars.
2. Why does the author mention dinosaurs at the end of the passage?
A. Because dinosaurs and humans never live in the same age.
B．Because they once dominated the earth.
C．Because their extinction indicates future disasters.
D．Because they could only live in the warm climate.
3. In writing the passage，the author intends to________.
A. give an accurate description of the possible disaster in the future
B．prove that humans will sooner or later be destroyed
C．tell the historical development of the earth
D．warn of possible disaster in the future
4. It can be concluded that the passage is most probably part of a(n)________．
A. horror story
B．article of popular science
C．news report
D．research paper
专题限时训练(三十九)[议论文型阅读填空]
(限时：25分钟)
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(一)
When I was a little girl, my mom would say, “Half the fun of doing anything is sharing it with others.” 1.________ Friends and mates allow us to enjoy our successes and our joys, comfort us in our hard moments, and provide a mirror for us to learn more about ourselves. I've always looked at friends as the family we choose. They enrich our lives. As Robert Louis Steven once said, “ 2.________ ”
To be a good friend or partner, it's important to be a good listener. Hear what your friend or mate has to say first rather than jump to conclusions or get defensive. 3.________ When they hear their words repeated back to them, it can help them to realize what they said was not exactly what they meant to say.
4.________ You know the old golden rule, “Care for others the way you would like them to care for you.” The support of a friend during a tough time could make the difference between success and failure. Encouragement and confidence are the gifts that can help change a person's life.
Take care, though, with whom you choose to have close relationship, for they can have a great effect on your self-respect and life path. As someone once told me “ 5.________ They will either take you up or down.”
A．I am afraid so.
B．It is quite true.
C．Friendship is the most important factor.
D．Sometimes it is useful to be their mirror.
E．A friend is a present which you give yourself.
F．The attitudes of your friends are like the buttons on a lift.
G．Patience, sympathy and understanding are also important qualities.
(二)
Are you truly happy? Do you ever know what it means to be happy and what it takes to achieve happiness? 1.________ The following are a few tips that I follow to create happiness in my life.
◆Make a plan for attaining goals that you believe will make you happy. Your moods will very likely increase if you are going after something you value.
◆Surround yourself with happy people. It is easy to begin to think negatively when you are surrounded by people who think that way. 2.________
◆When something goes wrong, try to figure out a solution instead of being absorbed in self pity. Truly happy people don't allow setbacks to affect their moods because they know that with a little thought they can turn the circumstances back to their favor.
◆ 3.________ These few minutes will give you the opportunity to focus on the positive things in your life and will lead you to continuous happiness.
◆ 4.________ Whether you treat yourself to lunch, take a long relaxing bath or simply spend a few extra minutes on your appearance, you will be subconsciously(下意识)putting yourself in a better mood.
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◆Finding the humor in situations can also lead to happiness. Find a way to make light of a situation that would otherwise make you happy.
◆Keeping healthy is another way to achieve happiness. 5.________
A. What makes one person happy may be very different from what makes someone else happy.
B．On the contrary, if you are around people who are happy, their emotional states will be infectious.
C．Being overweight or not eating nutritious foods can have a negative effect on your moods.
D．These are important questions for anyone who is seeking happiness to ask themselves.
E．Spend a few minutes each day thinking about the things that make you happy.
F．There are some tips in life that lead to happiness.
G．It's also important to take some time each day to do something nice for yourself.
(三)
Long ago, people believed that in the future we would work less, have more free time and get more relaxed. 1.________
Today we work harder, work longer hours and have more stresses than ten years ago. We walk faster, eat faster and sleep less than previous generations. And although we use machines that save us time, we have less free time than our parents and grandparents. 2.________ An American journalist James Gleick in a new book，says that people are suffering from“hurry sickness”—we're trying to do more things in less time.As a result，our lives are stressful.He says that if we don't slow down，we won't live as long as our parents. 3.________
Newspaper articles today are shorter and the headlines are bigger.Most people don't have enough time to read the articles, they only read the headlines. On TV and the radio, newsreaders speak more quickly than ten years ago.In the USA，there is a book called One-Minute Bedtime Stories for children.These are shorter versions(版本)of traditional stories，specially written for “busy parents”who want to save time! Some answerphones now have “quick playback”buttons so that we can replay people's messages faster—we can't waste time listening to people speaking at the normal speed! 4.________ Ten years ago when people went to art galleries they spent ten seconds looking at each picture. Today they spend just three seconds! Nowadays, many people prefer faster and dynamic sports like basketball.
5.________ Our cars are faster but the traffic is worse, so we drive more slowly.We spend more time sitting in our cars，feeling stressed.Experts predict that in ten years the average speed on the road in cities will be only 17 km/h.
A．People felt stressed ten years ago.
B．But unluckily，this has not happened yet.
C．Even when we relax we do everything more quickly.
D．But what is this doing to our health?
E．For most people，faster doesn't mean better.
F．The only thing that is slower than before is the way we drive.
G．Now everything is faster than before，which brings us more convenience.
(四)
People with interesting personalities often have more opportunities open to them because of https://www.doczj.com/doc/4d3351707.html, 010-******** 58818068
their ability to maintain the attention of others. When you meet or talk to someone with this kind of disposition, you may feel as though your personality is dull and uninspiring. 1.________ Listen to what others have to say. Most people enjoy talking about their lives and themselves, so become more interested and you will seem more interesting. 2.________ Look them directly in the eyes and ask them questions or comment on what they have just told you, instead of just waiting for your turn to talk about yourself.
3.________ Watch the news, read books, and pay attention. If you don't know about a particular topic, research it and form an opinion on it. People like to be around others who can carry on conversations about lots of things.
Look for the humor in every situation. A sense of humor can work wonders for a dull personality, so laugh as often as you can and you'll be a more naturally attractive person. Laughter can also get rid of your stress to a degree. 4.________
Accept and love yourself and others. When you dislike yourself and your personality, other people pick up on this, and they may assume they shouldn't like you, either. 5.________ Judge other people less as well; gossip and speaking poorly of others can seem like good short-term entertainment, but in the long run it can make you seem dull and untrustworthy.
A. Form opinions on everything.
B．Make everyone you speak to feel important.
C．Your brain will see these situations as reality.
D．Search for the best in yourself and everyone else.
E．When you feel better, you're more fun to be around.
F．You'd better make a few simple changes to your outlook.
G．But it's relatively easy to develop those personalities that you find so interesting.
专题限时训练(四十)[说明文型阅读填空(一)]
(限时：25分钟)
(一)
Food is life; it gives us the nourishment (营养) we need to stay alive and be healthy.
1.________ Brian Wansink，a professor at the University of Illinois，says we also eat certain foods because they make us feel good，and remind us of happy memories. Wansink calls this kind of food comfort food. For some people，ice cream is a comfort food. For others，a bowl of noodles soup makes them feel good.
2．________ Professor Wansink believes that we connect food with important times，feelings，and people in our lives. “When I was a child，my mother made a delicious soup; I loved it. 3.________ And it helps me feel better，”says one of Wansink’s coworkers.
Do men and women choose different comfort foods? Wansink’s research at the University of https://www.doczj.com/doc/4d3351707.html, 010-******** 58818068
Illinois says “yes”. In his study，the favorite comfort food for both men and women was ice cream. After this，men usually preferred hot，savory (香的) foods like soup or noodles.
4.________ Men and women like to eat comfort foods when they are happy，but women eat these foods more when they are sad or worried.
5．________ About 40 percent of the comfort foods in Wansink’s study were healthy main dishes or soups and vegetables. It shows，says Wansink，that a comfort food can taste good and be good for you.
A．Not all comfort food is junk food.
B．Where can we buy this sort of food?
C．Sweet foods are also their preference.
D．How does a food become a comfort food?
E. Usually，we eat because we are hungry or need energy.
F. Women like sweet things such as chocolate and cookies.
G. Now，I often have this kind of food when I am tired or worried.
(二)
What is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow，orange，red? 1.________Do you prefer grey and blue? Then you are probably quiet，shy，and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be a pessimist. At least，this is what psychologists tell us，and they should know，because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colour preference，as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. 2.________If you happen to love brown，you did so，as soon as you opened your eyes，or at least as soon as you could see clearly.
3．________A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. 4.________ A black bridge over the Thames River，near London，used to be the scene of more suicides(自杀) than any other bridge in the area—until it was repainted green. The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply. Perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue.
5．________It is an established fact that factory workers work better，harder，and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.
A．On the other hand，black is depressing.
B．They tell us，among other facts，that we do not choose our favourite colour as grow up —we are born with our preference.
C．The rooms are painted in different colours as you like.
D．If you do，you must be an optimist，a leader，an active person who enjoys life，people and excitement.
E. Light and bright colours make people not only happier but more active.
F. Life is like a picture or a poem，full of different colours.
G. Colours do influence our moods—there is no doubt about it.
(三)
Peer pressure
Peer pressure is just part of the challenges in life.1.________ If you need further guidance, this article might help you.It provides three effective tips to deal with it:
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Be with friends who respect your beliefs.
You can go out with people who accept and respect the things you believe in and those who you know you can share your interests with.It is all right to be choosy with friends because you just want what is best for them and you. 2.________ You are just exhibiting what you know is right and good for both sides.Your friends will understand you for that.They can drag you away from discrimination and you can be confident that they will not leave you for your stand in life.
3．________
When you are driven by so many peer pressures, you can always stay away from them. You can actually decide not to be one of them.When you have decided on it, learn to be firm with your decision.4.________ They should know that you cannot be forced to do certain things because you are strong and firm with what you believe in.
Learn how to say no.
Learning to say no is one big factor to deal with some pressures from all of your friends.When you are convinced to do something you know that can only destroy you or ruin you, learn to say no.5.________ You cannot just say yes to anything.You have a functional mind and you know what is best for you.So learn to say no even if saying no means losing your friends.
A．Have a firm decision.
B．Don't blame others.
C．This does not mean you are being selfish or you are being self-centered.
D．You should know how to deal with it.
E．You can always deal with it positively.
F．This can make them believe that you cannot just be driven by any other thing.
G．Just be straightforward and say it without hesitations.
(四)
TUV ALU, a tiny country in the Pacific Ocean, has asked for help as it fears it will be swallowed up by the sea. Storms and huge waves are a constant threat and none of Tuvalu's nine little islands is more than five meters above sea level. Salt water is already entering the country's drinking water supply, as well as damaging plants that produce fruits and vegetables. 1.________.
2．________. V enice, a historic city in Italy best known for its canals, has sunk about 24cm over the past 100 years. Experts say that it will have sunk another 20—50cm by 2050.A century ago, St. Mark's Square, the lowest point in the city, flooded about nine times a year. Nowadays, it happens more than 100 times. While Venice is slowly sinking into the mud on which it stands, Tuvalu's rising sea level is caused by global warming.
The average global temperature has increased by almost 0.5 centigrade degrees over the past century; scientists expect it to rise by extra 1—3 degrees over the next 100 years.
Warmer weather makes glaciers melt, adding more water to the ocean. The warmer temperatures also make water expand, so it takes up more space, causing the sea level to rise. The sea level has risen about 10—25 cm in the last 100 years.
3．________. Through burning coal, oil and gas, people have been increasing the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as CO2. This adds to the power of the greenhouse effect, making the planet even warmer.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/4d3351707.html, 010-******** 58818068
Many scientists believe that, if the warming is not stopped, there will be huge climate changes. 4.________.
5．________，the sea will swallow up millions of homes and the world will be flooded with “climate refugees”looking for somewhere to live.
A. The main cause of global warming is human pollution
B．Should this come true
C．Without urgent help, the country's days are numbered
D．But Tuvalu is not the first place to face sinking into the sea
E．The sea level could rise by one meter this century
F．People face a lot of pollution
G．Much has been done about our planet
专题限时训练(三十六)
(一)
【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。关注老人并改善他们的生活是当今社会需要特别强调的问题之一。文章从四个方面分析了做好这些工作的方法及其可行性，而且指出了这些方法的优点和不足。
1．C主旨大意题。根据第一段中的I would like to suggest several possible solutions to this problem. 和下文中提到的四个方面的内容可知C项正确。
2．D细节理解题。联系第四段中的This could be financed through government taxes to increase the level of pensions (养老金). 可知，政府通过税收增加老人的抚恤金，以改善他们的生活，故答案选D。
3．B词义猜测题。由句意“不幸的是，我们国家目前的状况表明，这不是一种真正可行的解决方法。”可知该词的意思是“实际的，可实行的”。因此B项正确。
4．A推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，上文介绍的各种方法都有优缺点，所以单独一种不能奏效，采用结合起来的方法会更好，这和A项一致。
(二)
【解题导语】成为时尚设计师并不是件容易的事，仅仅在大学校园里获取学业的成功是不够的。时尚在不断变化，商业技巧、天赋和创造性同样重要。
1．D主旨大意题。第一段是文章的主题段，通读全文可知整篇文章介绍的是在时尚业应该掌握怎样的商业技巧才能立足。
2．C细节理解题。从第二段中的“It also requires continual freshness because the appetite for new ideas is hard to satisfy.”可知消费者对时尚的追求是不断变化的。
3．D推理判断题。根据第三段的第二句和第三句可知该校重视学生有关商业方面的知识。
4．D词义猜测题。通过阅读第二、三段可知，This指代的是第二段讲到的内容，即“时尚界的真实情况”。
(三)
【解题导语】在英国的很多城市里出入着一支“游击队”。他们利用夜晚，在城市被废弃的土地上种植花草，并且时常回来浇水除草。他们没有得到政府任何方面的支持，但是得到了居民的感激。
1．D推理判断题。文章说他们的工作没有得到政府任何方面的支持，也没有说他们这样做是为了报答别人的帮助。从文章的叙述看，他们的工作都是出于自愿，自愿牺牲休息
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时间美化城市环境，因此选D。
2．B推理判断题。从第四段可知，他看到当地政府在他的住所附近放置了一些混凝土的花盆，但是从来没有使用，于是他就在这些花盆里种上植物，并且在路边种上花。从这些叙述看，他这样做的目的是美化周边的环境。
3．A细节理解题。第三段说，他们不仅美化那些被遗弃的地带，还经常回来浇水、除草。由此可知，他们回来的目的是照看这些植物，故选A。
4．D推理判断题。最后一段说，在英国和北美的很多城市有非官方的但是组织有序的群体，还有一个网站，城市园丁能找到下次活动的地点。从这些叙述看，城市园丁们变得越来越有组织性，行动周密。
专题限时训练(三十七)
(一)
【解题导语】交通灯是规范交通的重要工具，遇到红灯司机不得不停车，这不仅使人心烦还费油。本文介绍了安装在手机里的一种软件，它能帮助司机调整车速，以避免等红灯。
1．B细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句中的“but such signs are expensive，and are not widespread”可知应选B。
2．C细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“For a driver to benefit，he must load the team's software，named SignaGuru，into his phone”可知，SignalGuru是一种安装在手机里的应用软件，故选C。
3．B细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句“Using this information，SignalGuru is able to calculate the traffic-light schedule for the area and suggest the speed at which a driver should travel in order to avoid red lights.”可知，SignalGuru可以帮助司机调整车速，避免等红灯。
4．C推理判断题。根据第四段中的“This was particularly impressive because in Cambridge…In neither case was SignalGuru fooled.”可知，在这两个试验中，虽然各有干扰因素，但是SignalGuru运作相当稳定，并未受到“愚弄”，因此选C。
(二)
【解题导语】本文讲述了现代研究条件下对于植物生长素(auxin)的研究成果。
1．D细节判断题。植物生长素的功能在第二段中体现的是resulting in the underside growing faster。
2．D细节判断题。由The researchers identified an important new link and means of transport for auxin: PILS proteins.可知PILS蛋白质在生长素的传播过程中起着至关重要的作用。
3．C细节理解题。达尔文一开始只是对生长现象感兴趣但并没有得出结论，只有现在的研究者经过了“密集的分子生物学研究”之后才得出结论。
4．A主旨大意题。文章一开始就以疑问的方式提出了主题，然后陆续揭示auxin的功能。
(三)
【解题导语】通过科学家们的努力，科幻电影中提到的电脑能读懂人的大脑并预测未来的幻想快要成为现实了。
1．A标题判断题。根据第一段并综合全文可知，该文主要介绍了科学家利用新技术可能会读懂人的大脑，故A项最适合作为本文的标题。
2．C细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“programmed computers to decode(解码)brain waves and replay them as words”可知，应选C。
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3．A推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“The possibilities are great；a disabled person could ‘speak’…on an iPad”及上下文内容可推知，该研究并不能使残疾人恢复说话的能力，而是通过电脑读懂残疾人的大脑，从而使其“说话”，因此选A。
4．C细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的最后一句“The field is held back by its poor machinery，in particular the FMRI”，并结合倒数第二段的内容可知，在该项技术的发展过程中，译码机起着非常重要的作用。
5．B推理判断题。根据文章最后三段的内容可知。
专题限时训练(三十八)
(一)
【解题导语】长生不老是人类的梦想。中西药的结合能实现这个梦想吗？科技在人类抵抗衰老的斗争中能否获得胜利呢？
1．C细节理解题。根据第二段的第四句“And，he has been working for the past forty years to put together the best of both and find a cure for aging.”可知，Dr. Shen Ziyin 将中西药进行结合找到了延缓人类衰老的办法。
2．B细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“According to Shen, it is the kidney(肾脏)which adjusts the functioning of the body as well as its aging process.”可知，肾脏在导致人类衰老的因素中起着最重要的作用。
3．A推理判断题。根据第三段的最后三句可知，人类衰老的时候，身体会产生T细胞。T细胞中含有Fas物质，这种物质会使人体细胞自我破坏。
4．D推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“But how effective it will be，only time can tell.”可知，我们还不知道Dr. Shen的草药能有多大作用。A项应该是吃低热量食物有助于保持青春；B项内容文章没有提及；C项应该是尽量减缓T细胞的产生。
(二)
【解题导语】本文介绍了一种新的减肥方式。研究发现，生活在高海拔地区的山顶能使肥胖的人减肥。
1．C词义猜测题。根据前文“生活在山顶可以减肥”可知，Florian Lippl想知道山上的空气如何影响肥胖的人。unhealthy“不健康的”；swollen“肿胀的”；very fat“极胖的”；weighty“沉重的”。故选C。
2．A细节理解题。根据第二段中“…researchers could test for hormones(荷尔蒙)linked to appetite and obesity”可知，研究人员测试荷尔蒙是因为它与食欲和肥胖有关，故选A。
3．B细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Loss of appetite is common at higher altitudes，and indeed the men ate significantly less than usual—about 700 calories fewer per day”可知，由于食欲不振他们比以往吃得少，并且吸收的热量也少。
4．D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，Damian Bailey在智利的安第斯山脉亲身体验过，三个月减了11公斤，因此他认同这种看法。
(三)
【解题导语】作者描述了一场假想的人类灾难和一段历史上出现过的恐龙绝迹的事实以及科学家们分析恐龙绝迹的原因，来警示未来可能发生的灾难。
1．C细节理解题。根据第三、四自然段的描述可知，A、B、D均符合本文所假想的事实，只有C项不符。文中“No more than 10 million people have survived”意为“只有不到一千万人幸存下来”，而C项说全人类都灭绝了，显然与文章不符。
2．C推理判断题。第三段中，作者描述假想的人类灾难……最后一段提到生活在地https://www.doczj.com/doc/4d3351707.html, 010-******** 58818068
球上的恐龙在65 million years ago 突然消失(即灭绝)，许多科学家相信地球曾受到过外太空星体碎片的袭击，故而导致恐龙绝种。由此暗示人类未来的灾难，故选C。
3．D目的意图题。作者通过一段幻想的灾难和一段地球历史上出现过的恐龙绝迹的事实以及科学家们分析恐龙绝迹的原因，来警示未来可能发生的灾难，故应选D。
4．B推理判断题。根据全文大意及文章的性质判定，B为最佳选项。A、C、D项均不妥当。
专题限时训练(三十九)
(一)
1. B
2. E
3. D
4. G
5. F
(二)
1. D
2. B
3. E
4. G
5. C
(三)
1. B
2. D
3. E
4. C
5. F
(四)
1. G
2. B
3. A
4. E
5. D
专题限时训练(四十)
(一)
1. E
2. D
3. G
4. F
5. A
(二)
1. D
2. B
3. G
4. A
5. E
(三)
1. D
2. C
3. A
4. F
5. G
(四)
1. C
2. D
3. A
4. E
5. B
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