写作提升练(二) 应用文
1
假定你是李明,上个月,你校学生会组织了一场“校园歌手大奖赛”,受到同学们的欢迎。请你给校园英文报写一篇80词左右的报道。活动内容包括:
1.各班选拔;
2.学校决赛;
3.评奖颁奖。
2
假如你叫李华,你的好友李林发QQ向你询问如何写好英语作文。请根据以下提示回复。内容包括:
1.收集好词好句并记忆;
2.背诵范文;
3.经常练笔。
注意:
1.词数:80左右;
2.开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数;
3.可适当发挥,注意行文连贯。
Dear Li Lin,
Glad to receive your message.At present I am writing to tell you how to attain a highly readable composition.
Look forward to hearing from you.
Yours sinc erely,
Li Hua
3
假如你是光华中学的校报英文编辑李华,你校王伟同学昨天下午在放学回家的路上看到一位老奶奶摔倒在地,他立刻将她扶起来,同时拨打了120,使老奶奶得到了及时救治。你决定将此事发布
到校报英文版并倡议全校同学向他学习。内容包括:
4
一年一度的校园文化节又拉开了序幕,但今年学生却没有表现出像往年的兴趣和热情。面对这一现象,有人提出校园文化节还要不要举办的问题,这引起了同学们的讨论。上周末你班也进行了
一场讨论。大多数同学都支持校园文化节,请你根据下面所提供的内容对讨论结果做一总结。
支持的原因:
1.给学生创造了展示自我才华的舞台;
2.有利于提高学习兴趣;
3.丰富校园文化,活跃校园气氛。
注意:
1.词数:80左右;
2.题目和开头语已给出,不计入总词数;
3.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
To be continued or not
The annual campus cultural festival has drawn back its curtain again,but this
year students did not show their great interest and passion for it as before.
5
假设你叫王平。为响应国家厉行节约的号召,请你以“厉行节约——为资源,为环保”为题,向某英语报社编辑写信,表达你对厉行节约的看法。该英文信应包括以下内容:
1.节约与资源的关系;
2.节约与环保的关系;
3.举例说明中学生该如何厉行节约;
4.倡导社会保持节约的优良传统。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
6
假定你是李明,上周末英语俱乐部组织了一次英语演讲比赛。请你给学校英语报写一篇报道。演讲内容包括:
1.环保
2.东西方文化差异
3.文明行为
注意:1.词数80词左右,题目已为你写好;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
English Speech Contest of Our English Club
7
(2017·浙江台州一模)
假设你是李华,毕业在即,请你用英文给你的英语老师杨老师写一张Thank-you Note。内容应包括:
1.表达对老师的感谢;
2.陈述老师对你的帮助和影响;
3.表达对老师的祝福。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
8
(2017·浙江五校联考)
假定你是中学生李华,作为成员之一,刚刚访问完英国的姐妹学校Morley College回国。请你给Morley College的校长Mr.Declan写一封感谢信,内容包括:
1.感谢对方的热情款待;
2.你的收获;
3.邀请对方来访。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考答案
写作提升练(二) 应用文
1
Campus Singer Grand Show
Last month,the Campus Singer Grand Show was finished successfully.The grand show roughly went through two stages.First,a competition is held in each class,after which the best ones were entered for the final competition of the school.After the competition,the competitors were ranked and prizes were presented to the best singers.
The show has received positive comments from the students,who say it has provided a good chance for us students to refresh ourselves from our daily studies.
2
Dear Li Lin,
Glad to receive your message.At present I am writing to tell you how to attain a highly readable composition.
First and foremost,an effective way,to the best of my knowledge,is to collect classic words and sentences,processing them over and over until you bear them in mind.The more vocabulary you accumulate,the more freely you can apply them when writing.What’s more,reciting fantastic possible versions and sentence structures
worth imitating can get you to make enough preparations in https://www.doczj.com/doc/4a3858704.html,st but not the least,it is a good reward to practise writing.Only by exercising can you put to use what you have gathered.
Look forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
高考英语应用文写作专练（含参考答案） ● 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Jim所在的学校要组织学生来中国旅行，有两条路线可以选择：“长江之行”或者“泰山之旅”。Jim 来信希望你能给些建议。请你给他回信，内容包括： 1.你建议的路线； 2.你的理由； 3.你的祝愿。 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 答案： Dear Jim, I’m happy to receive your letter and know you’re coming to China. Of the two trips to the Yangtze River and Mount Tai, both are highly recommended. Personally, I prefer the tour along the Yangtze River, the longest river and one of the mother rivers of the Chinese civilization. You can learn a lot about the history of China and Chinese people. Moreover, the scenery along the river is amazing, with many well-known sightseeing spots. That’s why I think the trip along the Yangtze River is a better choice.
Hope you’ll have a good time in China. Yours, Li Hua ● 假定你是李华，你的好友Maria今年参加高考（the National College Entrance Examination）并被香港大学录取，请你写一封80个词左右的电子邮件向她表示祝贺。明年你也打算报考香港大学，希望她能分享以下相关信息： 1.如何才能被该校录取； 2.是否需要参加专门的语言考试； 3.该校的奖学金（scholarship）、学费（tuition）和食宿等情况。答案： Dear Maria, Congratulations on your success in the National College Entrance Examination and I am so glad to learn that you have been accepted by Hong Kong University. In fact, Hong Kong University is also my dream school. I wonder how I can be a student in HK University and whether I need to take some special language tests. How can I apply for the scholarship and how much will I have to pay for my education and accommodation? Looking forward to your response and please accept my sincere thanks.
应用文写作范文精选 感谢信范文： To Whom It May Concern, As a student of this university, I would like to take the opportunity to express my appreciation for your kind assistance as always. Meanwhile, I feel that it would be beneficial to express my views concerning the quality of the library service. In the first place, I find that most keyboards of the library computers are in poor operation, which brings much inconvenience to the users. I would also recommend the library to improve the efficiency of purchasing new books and subscribing to academic journals. Last but not least, the study rooms need to be furnished with a better lighting system. I hope that you take my suggestions into serious consideration. Y ours sincerely, Li Ming 申请信范文1： Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to apply for the position of business manager you advertised in yesterday’s China Daily. T o briefly introduce myself, I am a graduate student of Peking University majoring in business administration, and expect graduation this June.Not only have I excellent academic performance in all courses, I also possess the rich experience of assisting management staff of several renowned international companies, such as KPMG and Microsoft. My interactive personal skills and teamwork spirit are also appropriate for this post.For further information, please refer to my attached resume. I would be grateful if you could arrange an interview at your earliest convenience. Y ours sincerely, Li Ming 申请信范文2： Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to express my great interest in the “Olympic V olunteer Recruitment”launched recently by the Beijing Olympic Committee, and I would like to apply as a qualified candidate. As I am an English major, my fluency in both Mandarin and English, as well as my basic command of French, guarantees that I meet the language requirement for the various volunteer positions. More importantly, I have been an enthusiastic participant in many international exchange programs—which are reflected in my attached resume—and therefore, I believe my communication skills make me competent for such a post. Should you grant me an interview, I would be most grateful. Y ours truly Li Ming 求职信范文： Dear Mr. Wang, I am a computer science major from Peking University, and I am writing in response to your advertisement for recruiting a software programmer intern posted on our university BBS yesterday. I hope I can take the job. The main reason for my confidence in this position lies in both my extensive academic training in software programming, and my work experience in the relevant industry which has further polished my abilities. Moreover, I have much spare time this semester, which can ensure my time commitment for the internship.Please find more details in my enclosed resume. Thank you for your time and patience, and I would greatly appreciate it if you could grant me an interview. Y ours sincerely, Li Ming
爽爽文档汇编之 2014?2018北京高考英语作文及范文汇编 【2018年】第三部分:书而表达（共两节,35分）第一节（15分） 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华,你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他 对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件，内容包括: I.表示欢迎；2.推荐他上哪所大学；3.建议他做哪些准备工作。 注意：1.词数不少于50：2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jin], Yours II Hua 【范例】Dear Jim. Fm so glad to hear your future education plan in Beijing in your last letter. First I would like to express my warmest welcome to you and I am sure you will have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing. Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you apply for Peking University, one of the best universities in China. Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture. As for preparatioiL some reading in advance in needed like The Story of the Stone while some online courses of spoken Chinese can be helpful for you to adapt into the Chinese language environment. I smeerely hope your dream will come true and it's my pleasure to show you around in Beijing when tliat day comes. If you have further questions, please feel free to let me know. Yours, Li Hua 第二节（20分） 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记,记述你们上周接待外国学生，带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程.注意:词数不少于60。
高考英语作文应用文写作-日记 American students came to visit our school today. We gathered at the school at 8 o'clock to give them a warm welcome. Then we had a get-together in the reading room in our library. Our headmaster told them something about our school. And then we talked with each other and exchanged gifts. From nine thirty we showed them around our school. They visited our classroom building, the lab building, the factory run by our school, and the swimming pool. A friendly basketball game started on the sports ground at then thirty. At twelve o'clock all American students left our school. In the afternoon my classmates and I went to some shops. We chose and bought some books and tapes. I was busy but happy today. 训练
2020年高考英语应用文写作模板 一、邀请信 【篇首句】介绍自己，简要说明活动，并邀请对方。 1. I’m Wang Ming from YuWen School，the president of the Student Union. 我是来自育文学校的王明，学生会主席。 2. An English speaking contest of our school will be held on August 6. 我们学校有一场英语演讲比赛将在8月6号举行。 3. There will be a party in my garden on Sunday. 周日，在我的花园里会举行一场聚会。 4. I’d like to invite you to judge it. 我想邀请你做它的裁判。 5. I’m writing to invite you to... 我写信是邀请你...... 6. I wonder if you can come to... 我想知道你是否能来...... 7. We sincerely hope you can attend it. 我们真诚希望你能够参加。 8. It’s my pleasure/a great honour for me to invite you to... 我很荣幸的邀请你......
9. It’s a pity that you have to go back to America soon. So a farewell party for you will be held in the Sun Club this Saturday evening. Could you come at 6:00 pm? 很遗憾你不久就要回美国了。所以，这周六，在阳光俱乐部我们会为你举行一个欢送会。下午六点你能来吗? 【篇中句】介绍活动具体内容，并说明受邀人参加理由。 1. It will begin at 2:00 pm and last two hours, during which time 15 well-prepared contestants will deliver their speeches. 它将于下午两点钟开始，四点钟结束，在此期间将会有十五位准备充分的参赛者发表演讲。 2. We will start at 8:00 am and arrive there at 9:00. 我们将会在上午八点出发，九点到达那里。 3. During the afternoon, we’ll...together. 下午，我们会一起...... 4. Remember to take water and lunch with you. 记得带上水和午餐。 5. By the way, you may take Bus No. 322 in front of your apartment and it will take you directly to the club. 顺便说一下，你可以乘坐你家公寓前的322路公交车，它会直接把你带到俱乐部。 6. I know you are a native speaker of English and an English teacher, and I, on behalf of our school, sincerely invite you to be part of the contest.
2021年高考英语专题复习：应用文专项练习题及范文作文题目： 假定你是李华。你的美国笔友Jack给你发来邮件，告诉你他参加了美国中西部“汉语桥”比赛（U. S. Midwest Chinese Bridge Speech Contest），并获得了一等奖。他希望你继续帮他学习中文。请你给他回复一封电子邮件。要点如下： 1．祝贺他获奖； 2．希望继续向他学习英语，而你帮他学中文； 3．祝愿他能来中国参加决赛。 注意： 1．词数100左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 写作要点： Para.1:说明祝贺事由、表达诚挚祝贺； Para.2:围绕事件表述贺喜内容、表扬收信人； Para.3:其他要求信息+再次表达良好祝愿。 注意：重点赞扬当事人的优秀能力和取得的成就、并展望他将来的发展前景。 常用套语： Dear xxx,
I’ve learned with delight that you 祝贺事由 . I'd like to extend to you my utmost congratulations and pride as well. You must be 激动\高兴等 . And I feel very happy for your 所取得的成绩. This is quite exciting news! I know this is surely owing to 被祝贺人过去的努力. It is a reward you richly deserve for your 被祝贺人的优点. Kindly let me know when you咨询对方何时有空. Congratulations in receiving the most prestigious and deserving award once again.I hope that表达自己的愿望and wish best of luck for all your future endeavors. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 学生优秀句式： （一）开头句式： 1. It was exciting news for me to learn of.... 2. Please accept my sincere\hearty\warm congratulations on... 3. It was a great pleasure to send you my congratulations on ... 4. I was delighted to learn of your success/ achievements in ... 5. Allow me to convey my congratulations on your promotion to... （二）结尾句式： 1. We wish to share your honor and joy.
2017高考英语应用文写作模板大全 1. 邀请信 【篇首句】介绍自己，简要说明活动，并邀请对方。 1.1 ' m Wang Mi ng from YuWen School，the preside nt of the Stude nt Union. 我是来自育文学校的王明，学生会主席。 2. An En glish speak ing con test of our school will be held on August 6. 我们学校有一场英语演讲比赛将在8月6号举行。 3. There will be a party in my garde n on Sun day. 周日，在我的花园里会举行一场聚会。 4. I ' d like to invite you to judge it. 我想邀请你做它的裁判。 5. I ' m writing to invite you to... 我写信是邀请你...... 6. I won der if you can come to... 我想知道你是否能来...... 7. We sin cerely hope you can atte nd it. 我们真诚希望你能够参加。 8. It ' s m y pleasure/a great honour for me to invite you to... 我很荣幸的邀请你…… 9. It ' s a pity that you have to go back to America soon. So a farewell party for you will be held in the Sun Club this Saturday evening. Could you come at 6:00 pm? 很遗憾你不久就要回美国了。所以，这周六，在阳光俱乐部我们会为你举行一个欢送会。下 午六点你能来吗？ 【篇中句】介绍活动具体内容，并说明受邀人参加理由。 1. It will begin at 2:00 pm and last two hours, during which time 15 well-prepared con testa nts will deliver their speeches. 它将于下午两点钟开始，四点钟结束，在此期间将会有十五位准备充分的参赛者发表演讲。 2. We will start at 8:00 am and arrive there at 9:00. 我们将会在上午八点出发，九点到达那里。 3. During the after noon, we ' ll...together. 下午，我们会一起...... 4. Remember to take water and lunch with you. 记得带上水和午餐。 5. By the way, you may take Bus No. 322 in front of your apartment and it will take you directly to the club.
高考英语作文之应用文“建议信” 1.简介 建议信写作注意事项： 写作目的是针对某事向对方提出合理化的建议和忠告，使对方接受自己的想法、主张和建议，从而解决问题。（常用一般现在时和一般将来时） 写作风格： 简明扼要、目标明确、条理清晰、逻辑性强、有说服力，语言文雅，礼貌当先 写作内容： 写信的原因+建议的内容+这样建议的理由 2.写作方法 首段1）自我介绍/问好（不要啰嗦）一两个句子，概括性 2）复述背景，表明目的 主体1）提出具体建议 2）篇幅允许的话，可适当先肯定对方优点，再提出建议 3）适当说明原因或这样做的好处 结尾1）总结建议，注意礼貌 2）希望采纳/希望建议有用 3.范文练习 假如你是李华，你的澳大利亚朋友Steven向你咨询怎样学好中文，请根据下列要点给他写封建议信： 1）参加中文学习班 2）看中文书刊，电视 3）学唱中文歌曲 4）交中国朋友
开头： 自我介绍/问好 认识→问好(可问可不问) 最近好吗？ How are you doing? How are you these days? How do you do? How is it going? How is everything going? 好久不见 Long time no see. 收到你的来信真好! How nice to hear from you! 不认识→自我介绍 我是李华，育才学校学生会主席。 I’m Li Hua, chairman of the Student Union of Yucai Middle School. 我来自高二一班的李华， I’m Li Hua from class one,senior two. 复述背景，表明目的 1．收到来信，得知你在中文学习上有困难，我写信来给你一些建议。 I have received your letter saying you have difficulty (in) learning Chinese so I’m writing to offer you some suggestions. 2．得知你在学习中文上有困难，我写信来给你一些建议。 Learning that you have trouble in learning Chinese,I’m writing to provide you with some advice. 3．你询问我一些在中文学习上的事情，我会尽量给你一些建议。 You have asked me for some advice on Chinese learning(how to learn Chinese well/how to
高考英语作文（应用文）终极押题模板 From: Mr Yang 应用文是每年高考考查频率最高的体裁之一，其中以书信、电子邮件最为常见。从内容上看，近几年高考书信写作主要包括致歉信、致谢信、笔友信、慰问信、投诉信、邀请信、介绍信、求职信、读者请求的解答信及其答复读者的信等。写作时应注意: 格式正确，语言简练地道，语气要因人、因事而异。模板虽好，但要学会变通。 一、英语书信的常见写作句式（通用型） 开头部分： It’s an honor/a pleasure to write this Email to you. How is everything going recently? How nice to hear from you again. Let me tell you something about the ...（activity that will be held this Sunday） I’m glad to have received your letter. I’m pleased to hear that you…(are coming to China for a visit). I’m writing to thank you for your help…(during my stay in America). How time flies!/How is everything going?/I miss you every much. It has been a long time since we last met (since I received your last letter). I hope everything goes well for you and your family. In your last letter, you told me that…(you want to join the sports club, but …) It’s a pleasure to tell you the information that you want to know /to give you some advice that I think is useful to you. 中间段：（从句+要点1.2.3.4）注意人称变化 As you know/ as I can remember+主句 You’d better…, because it is a good way to… You can…when it is convenient to you. Don’t forget to…which is very important/necessary (for your improvement). I think you are supposed to…, I sincerely hope that+宾从，I believe that… 省略：例：If possible, please tell me… 强调：例：It is your valuable advice that helped me out of the trouble. 倒装：例：Only by study hard can your goals be reached 结尾部分： With best wishes. I’m looking forward to your reply. I’d appreciate it if you could reply earli er. 常见英语应用文写作模板（高级版） 通知正文居中：Notice/Announcement；落款（The students’ union） 呼语及开场白部分： Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make. 正文部分：（要点1.2.3.4） All the teachers and students are required to attend it. Please take your notebooks and make notes. Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in groups. Please come on time and don’t be late. 结束语部分： I’m sure this is a great opportunity this you won’t want to miss.
, 应用文写作 基本要求： 1.明确应用文写作的功能性——流畅性、逻辑性首位，难词难句一两个点睛即可 2.应用文必要的结构（套话） 3.审题：注意材料的特殊性（例：故宫…） 4.细节相关度relevant details 5.着重体现中国文化的部分 ?letters of complaint A.] B.Opening Introducing the topic 1.I am writing to place a complaint against the service of your company, concerning C.Body describing the problem- Strong adjectives: shocked, disgusted, disappointed, dissatisfied. 1. out of your words on 2.Obviously, the product fails to keep the promise in the advertisement, which disappoints me a lot. D.Body 。 what you want-a full / partial refund/compensation；a replacement；an apology 1.I’d appreciate it very much if you refund the money I’ve paid or exchange it for a new one. 2.so I require not only a formal apology but also 3.If my demand is not accepted and put into practice, I will take active steps to make sure the Consumers' Association hear about it. E.Endings 1.I look forward to your swift reply. 2.I look forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience. 3.I look forward to hearing from you without delay. 4.| 5.I very much hope to hear from you shortly 6.I await your prompt reply ?letters of request A.Opening Give a brief self-introduction State the purpose of writing (What kind of request) 1.I am writing to formally request to do… 2.[
1．语言特点：语言简练，就其用词来看，文章里有大量生僻的专有名词，如地名、人名、机构名、组织名、书名、作品名等。 2．结构特点：应用文主要用于传递信息，高考卷中所采用的应用文通常有两种行文方式。一种是文中的几则信息构成平行并列结构，即每一则信息中的项目及其位置有一致性和对应性，几则信息前有时会用一个段落对文章信息做整体上的说明；另一种是针对某一主题分项、分条目地呈现信息，每个段落围绕小标题呈现某一方面的信息。 3．答题误区：应用文阅读理解试题难度不大，故答题时要谨防过于草率。出错的原因有可能是看信息时看错位置，也有可能是为了追求速度只凭大致印象答题。因此，做题时一定要看准信息并在文章中找出相关信息以确保万无一失。另外，不要一字不落地阅读全文，这样会浪费很多时间，而是应该有选择性地快速筛选和获取答题所需要的信息。 4．阅读策略 应用文阅读理解总体上要做到稳、准、快，在确保准确率的基础上提高阅读速度，以节省时间。解题时，要做到： (1)快速浏览知主题。快速浏览加粗字体的标题、小标题或加下划线的语句等最重要的信息，以了解语篇提供的是哪方面的信息，并判定行文方式。 (2)速读题干，跳读定位信息。接下来阅读每一道试题，根据题干定位信息区间，并在文章中找出答案或相关信息。在定位和寻找信息区间的时候，可以充分利用加粗字体的标题、小标题、加下划线的语句等重要信息提高阅读和解题速度，如果每则信息的项目及其位置具有一致性和对应性，就可利用其一致性和对应性快速查找答案，查找信息时不一定要读完全文。 (3)细读解题信息。最后，根据查找的相关信息，经过比对选项选出正确答案。 文体分类练(一)——应用文 (限时25分钟) A (2019·南昌二模)From Antigua to Zanzibar, these spots promise an incredible trip for 2020.
英语应用文写作范文 英语应用文写作范文 英语应用文写作范文一、投诉信参考范文Directions: You live in a room in college which you share with another student. You find it very difficult to work there because your roommate always has friends visiting. He/She has parties in the room and sometimes borrows your things without asking you. Write a letter to the Acmodation Officer at the college and: 1） ask for a new room next term, 2）you would prefer a single room, 3） explain your reasons. Don’t sign your own name at the end of your letter, using“Li Ming”instead.Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to express/air dissatisfaction/disappointment/concern regarding acmodation. I would prefer to move into a single room next semester, as I find the present sharing arrangement inconvenient. I must explain that the reason for my dissatisfaction is my roommate’s inconsiderate behavior. For one thing, his friends are constantly visiting him; for another, he regularly holds noisy
2020年高考英语作文应用文写作--咨询信 1.假定你是李华，在网上看到英国King’s School 有关远程教育课程(Distance Learning Course)的信息，你对其中某一门课程很感兴趣,决定给该校负责人写一封信，询问这门课程 的具体情况，内容包括： 1.课程开设时间、内容等； 2.课程报名方式。 注意: 1.词数80 左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________
2020年高考英语作文应用文写作--祝贺信 1.假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Peter最近在某电视台举办的汉语演讲比赛中获得第一名，他给了你重要的人生启迪。请写信向他表示祝贺与感谢。 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 第一稿 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 第二稿（第一稿的基础上修改语法错误，替换词汇、短语及句式） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________