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初中英语讲义(教案): 初三语法 五种基本句型讲解和练习

初中英语讲义(教案):  初三语法  五种基本句型讲解和练习
初中英语讲义(教案):  初三语法  五种基本句型讲解和练习

句子成分和五种基本句型

一、导入

二、知识点回顾

(1)专题讲解

☆专题1:词类

1. 十大词类

实词:可以在句子里面充当成分,可以独立出现 1.名词 n. 表示人和事物的名称,作主语、宾语等 2.代词 pron. 代替名词数词等,作主语、宾语等 3.动词 v. 表示动作,做谓语

4.形容词 adj. 表示人或事物的特征,作定语、表语,译作“….的”

5.副词 adv. 表示动作特征或性状特征,修饰动词,形容词或其它副词,做状语,译作“…地”

6.数词 num. 表示数目或顺序,做主语、宾语、表语、定语等 虚词:不能独立出现

7.冠词 art. 用在名词前帮助说明其意义,a / an / the

8.介词 prep. 用在名词,代词等前面,说明它与别的词之间的关系 9.连词 conj. 用来连接词与词或句与句 10.感叹词 interj. 表示说话时的感情或口气

☆专题2:句子成分

1. 句子成分概述

组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分,既:主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。

1.主要成分:主语、谓语(必须有)

2.特定成分:宾语、表语、补语(在某种特定的句型里面出现)

3.附加成分:定语、状语(可有可无,可多可少)

2、句子各种成分的含义理解:

1)、主语:句子的主角,一个句子在说或讨论谁(啥),谁(啥)就是主语。主语一般放在句首。

(在“主+谓+宾”的句型结构中,主语是动作的执行者,宾语是动作的承受者。)

E.g:Tom is a doctor.

My father and my mother are teachers.

Today is my birthday.

I can see a desk in the room.

Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.

Beijing is a good place to visit.

2)、谓语:动词作谓语,谓语必须是动词(be/情态/实意动词)。一般放在主语的后面。谓语要跟前面的主语在“人称”和“数”上保持一致,这叫主谓一致。

E.g:I am a teacher.

My parents work in a school.

You can swim.

Lucy doesn’t do homework every day

The apple tastes good.

He doesn’t like English.

I can’t join the club.

3)、表语:表语对前面的主语起表明、表达、表现、表示的作用。表明了主语的身份、特征或状态。(表语一般为名词或形容词,用于“主+系+表”的结构中。)

E.g:I am Lily.

I am a teacher.

That sounds interesting.

We must keep healthy.

My dream is to be a teacher.

My teacher looks excited.

4)、宾语:谓语动作的承受者就是宾语。(在“主+谓+宾”的句型结构中,主语是动作的执行者,宾语是动作的承受者。)

E.g:They sing songs.

The boy join the swimming club.

The little dog looked at me.

I have a book.

You like playing soccer.

He is reading a newspaper.

5)、定语:定语起修饰、形容作用,一般由形容词充当。(还可以由代词、数词充当)

E.g:It’s a beautiful car.

Beijing is a good place to visit.

I have two big eyes.

My father often takes a long walk.

I have two pens.

The red pen is Tom’s.

6)、状语:状语也起修饰作用,一般由副词或介词短语充当,在句中表示时间、地点、方式、条件、原因、结果、目的等。状语用来修饰动词、形容词。

(注:修饰动词的状语通常放在动词后。He runs quickly. 但有些副词如often,

always, usually 等作状语时则放在be动词、助动词和情态动词后,实义动词前。)E.g:He is very tall.

He runs quickly.

I often go to school at 7:00.

I often have lunch at school.

They sing this song in English.

The teacher smiled in his office.

If it rains tomorrow, we’ll stay at home.(条件状语从句)

We had to stay at home because of the rain.(原因状语从句)

I have to work hard so that I can pass the text.(目的状语从句)

7)、宾语补足语:用来补充说明宾语的动作或状态。

E.g:He made the boy laugh.

I found the dog running through our garden.

We call him Little Tiger

I find learning English difficult.(difficult是形容词做宾补)

I saw the kite up and down.(up and down是副词做宾补)

Tom made the girl cry.(cry是动词做宾补)

形容词和副词的用法区别:

形容词作定语修饰名词或代词。

副词作状语修饰动词或形容词。

E.g:1、I like the new book.(形容词作定语)

Lily is a happy girl.(形容词作定语)

2、He runs quickly.(副词作状语)

Lily learns English happily.(副词作状语)

及物动词和不及物动词的区分:

及物动词:动词后可以直接涉及、加上一个物(或人)作宾语。

E.g:I play football.

Mother bought a new bag.

不及物动词:动词后不可以直接涉及、加上一个物(或人)作宾语。

E.g:He runs quickly.

They swim every day.

☆专题3:五种基本句型

五种基本句型:

英语句子是由主语、谓语(动词)、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等成分组成,按照这些成分的组合方式的不同,英语句子可分为五种基本句型。其他各种句型都是由这五种基本句型

转换来的。

五种基本句型

1)、主语 + 谓语(不及物动词) 1、The teacher smiled. 2、The boy can swim. 3、The sun has risen. 4、I don’t know .

5、The rain has stopped. 2)、主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 1、I love you. 2、He helps us. 3、She played the piano . 4、The students played football. 5、We study English.

6、The children are watching TV . 3)、主语 + 谓语(系动词)+ 表语

(英语中有一类动词叫连系动词,它后面用来说明主语“是什么”、“怎么样”的成分,叫做表语。)

Be 动词(am is are was were ) 连系动词

感官动词(look , sound , smell , taste , feel , seem ) 1、My dad is [old.] 2、Your pen is [in the desk]. 3、The house is [ large]. 4、They are [Chinese].

5、These boxes are [ heavy].

6、I am [17 years old].

7、That girl was [me].

8、You look [sad].

9、It tastes [good].

(注:系动词be有时翻译成“是”,更多的时候不译出来,受中文影响,翻译成英语时容易丢掉。

英语句子中必须有动词。丢掉连系动词,就是不完整的句子了。)

4)、主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语

分析下面句子:

He gave us some money.

间接宾语(人)直接宾语(物)

I’ll teach you English.

间接宾语(由名词或代词充当)

双宾语

直接宾语(由名词或从句充当)

1、I’ll bring you some new books.

2、He returned me the money .

3、They sent their son a car.

4、My uncle bought me a bike (last week).

5、Mother made me a new shirt (last Sunday).

5)、主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语

此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词后只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,说明情况,才能使意思完整。

1. They painted the door green. 他们把门刷成绿色。(green,补充说明门的性质)

2. They found the house big. 他们发现那房子很大。(big,补充说明房子的状态)

3.I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.我看见Mr. Wang上了公交车。

(get on the bus,补充说明Mr. Wang做了何事)

从句:

宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句、(主语从句、表语从句)

(注:哪个句子成分不再是简单的单词、短语,而是个完整的句子,它就会是一个相应的从句。

初中阶段我们主要了解宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句三种从句。)

(2)变式练习

一、选出句中谓语的中心词.

1、I don't like the picture on the wall.

A. don't

B. like

C. picture

D. wall

2、Do you usually go to school by bus?

A. Do

B. usually

C. go

D. bus

3、There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

A. will be

B. meeting

C. the library

D. afternoon

4、Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?

A. Did

B. twins

C. have

D. breakfast

5、Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.

A. Tom

B. didn't

C. do

D. his homework

6、Whom did you give my book to?

A. give

B. did

C. whom

D. book

二、选出下列句中的宾语

1、My brother hasn't done his homework.

A B C D

2、People all over the world speak English.

A B C D

3、The old man said he was ill.

A B C

4、You will find the museum on the left.

A B C

5、You will find it useful after you leave school.

A B C

6、They didn't know Tom.

A B C

四、巩固练习

一、挑出下列句中的表语

1、The old man was feeling very tired.

A B C

2、The leaves have turned yellow.

A B C

3、They look beautiful.

A B C

4、She was the first one.

A B C

二、选出下列句中的定语

1、What is your English name?

A B C

2、The man downstairs sleeping.

A B C

3、I am waiting for the tall boy.

A B C

4、The old man is 90 years old.

A B C

三、选出下列句中的宾语补足语

1、He asked her to take the boy out of school.

A B C

2、They call me Lily sometimes.

A B C

3、I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.

A B C

4、Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground ?

A B C

四、选出下列句中的状语.

1、Tom runs fast.

A B C

2、There was a big smile on her face.

A B C

3、Every night he heard the noise .

A B C

4、He began to learn English when he was eleven.

A B C

5、She loves the library because she loves books.

A B C

五、拓展训练

一、划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语.

① Please tell us a story.

② My father bought a new bike for me last week.

③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.

④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.

⑤ Did he leave any message for me?

二、写出划线部分的句子成分

1. Lily is cleaning the desk now.

2. Her garden is the best in our town.

3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old.

4. I like this book very much.

5. The girl on the blue bike is Jane’s sister.

6. She didn’t come to my party because she was ill.

7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully.

8. We will go to the Children’s Palace once a week.

9. They are in the classroom.

10. It sounds good.

三、分析句子成分(主、谓、宾、定、状、补、宾补)

1. The pen writes smoothly.

2. His face is red.

3. He bought you a dictionary.

4. He enjoys music.

5. I told him that the bus was late.

6. He showed me his CD.

7. We saw him out.

8. He is tall and strong.

当堂过手训练(快练五分钟,稳准建奇功!)

一、判断下列句子的句型并翻译

1.She was short ._______________________________________

2.I can’t stand the heat._______________________________________

3.I sent you an E-mail._______________________________________

4.It cost me three dollars_______________________________________.

5.You can leave the door open._______________________________________

6.He speaks English ._______________________________________

7.Teachers will make your English better.___________________________________

8.That will save you a lot of time_______________________________________.

9.They found the dead boy._______________________________________

10.They found the boy dead._______________________________________

11.I found the book easily._______________________________________

12.Tom took Jim a book._______________________________________

13.I always find her happy_______________________________________

14.He said he didn't come._______________________________________

15.They love each other._______________________________________

1

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初中英语语法教案大全

初中英语语法教案大全 名词 (一)概述名词是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念名称的词,可以说名词是万物之名称。它们可以是: 人的名字 Li Ming, Tom 地方名称 China, London 职业称呼teacher, doctor 物品名称 pencil, dictionary 行为名称study, invention 抽象概念 history, grammar (二)普通名词和专有名词 1、普通名词凡不属于特定的人名、地名、事物名称或概念名称的名词,都属于普通名词。这类名词在所有的名词中占绝大多数。普通名词大致有以下四种类型:1)个体名词个体名词指作为个体而存在的人或物。可以指具体的人或物,例如:He has two aunts、他有两个姑姑。M ost classrooms have computers、多数教室里都有电脑。 也可指抽象东西,例如: We’ve lived here for twenty years、我们在这里住了二年了。I had a dream last night 我昨晚做了一个梦。 个体名词有复数形式,如:weeks, problems;单数形式可以和a/an连用,如:a week, a problem, an old man、2)集体名词集体名词表示由个体组成的集体,下面是一些常见的集体名词:

family(家,家庭) army(军队) company(公司;全体船员) enemy(敌人) government(政府) group(小组,团体)public(公众) team(队;组) police(警方)作单数看待 作复数看待 His family isnt large、他家人不多。T he government is planning to build a dam here、政府打算在这里建一座水坝。T he public was unlikely to support it、公众支持它的可能性不大。H is family are all music lovers、他家的人都喜欢音乐。T he government are discussing the plan、政府在讨论这个计划。T he public were deceived by the newspaper、公众受到报纸的蒙骗。 集体名词有时作单数看待,有时作复数看待。一般说来,视为整体时作单数看待,想到它的成员时作复数看待有的集体名词通常用作单数,例如: Our company is sending him to work in Berlin、我们公司将派他去柏林工作。 有的集体名词多作复数看待。例如: The police are looking for him、警察正在找他。 3)物质名词物质名词指无法分为个体的东西,我们学过的常见的物质名词有: beer, cloth, coal, coffee, coke, cotton, ice, ink, jam, juice, meat, medicine, metal, milk, oil paper, rain,

初中英语语法教学教案word版本

初中英语语法教学教 案

初中英语语法教学教案 教学思路: 本节课我教的是情态动词can和could作“能力”解时的区别。这节课我打算通过复习以前学过的情态动词can的用法,以及通过做游戏,让学生在轻松愉快的氛围中掌握can的用法,以及了解can和could的区别。 一、Teaching Content: Topic:Unit5Can you play the guitar? Grammar:Using “can”/“could” to talk about ability 二、Teaching Aims: https://www.doczj.com/doc/4417337945.html,e can talk about the ability at present. https://www.doczj.com/doc/4417337945.html,e could talk about ability in the past. 三、Teaching Key and D ifficult Points: H ow to use “can” and “could” to express ability in the present and past. 四、Teaching Methods: Task-Based Language Teaching Method 五、Teaching Procedures: Step 1:Warming up Task 1: Revision T: What can you do now? S1: I can sing. S2: I can draw S3: I can dance. T: Can you ride a bike / swim / fly a kite / play football / play chess? Ss:Yes, I can. / No, I can’t. Task 2: Playing a game T: Now let us play a game.Five students come to the front and perform for t h e cl ass according to myinstructions.andgestures.Theothers answer my questions. T : What can she do? Ss : She can ride a bike /swim/ fly a kite/ play football / play chess . T: Can she swim/ fly a kite/play football /play chess. Ss: Yes ,She can? No, she can’t. T: Say the whole sentences:

初中英语语法总结(完整)电子教案

初中英语语法总结(完 整)

初中英语语法总结大全 【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。 时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴,它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式,动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来,就构成了以下 英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有十六种,但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。要掌握英语的时态和语态,必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1、一般现在时

主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语;表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. 他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动:或表感情色彩,加强语气。与频率副词,如always,constantly,continually,again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩(赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等)。 We are having English class. 我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或影响仍存在。 They have lived in Beijing for five years. 他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4.一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用,如:yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot. 他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 Beijing was hosting the 29th Olympic Games in August 2008.

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