动词不定式与动名词专项练习
一、动词不定式的用法
1）作主语To learn English well is not easy. 或It is not easy to learn English well.
2）作表My wish is to become a teacher.
3）作宾语Most of us like to watch football matches.
4）作宾语补足语He told me to be here on time.
5）作定语I have nothing to say about that thing.
6）作状语He stopped to have a look.
否定形式：not + to + 动词原形构成例如：He asked me not to make such a mistake.
2、动词不定式与疑问词连用：
例如：(1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine. (不定式作宾语)
(2) How to use the machine is a question. (不定式作主语)
(3) The question is when to go there. (不定式作表语)
3、省to 的动词不定式
1）使役动词let, have, make：
2）感官动词see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。3）would rather，had better + do
4、不定式的特殊句型：
1）too…to…：太…而不能…He is too excited to speak.
2）enough to do：足以做…The child is old enough to go to schooll
3）Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议Why not take a holiday?
4）so as (not) to do: 表示目的Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.
二、动词的-ing形式：
1．动词的-ing形式用作动名词：
1）动名词作主语Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动
2）动名词作表语My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
3）动名词作宾语She can’t help crying at a sad movie. 她看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭。
有些动词和动词短语后只能接动名词作宾语。例如：, finish, mind, practise, be good at, do well in, can't help(禁不住), keep on, feel like, look forward to, enjoy ,finish,be busy ,advise ,suggest等
2．动词的-ing形式用作现在分词：
-ing分词通常用作宾语补足语，表示动作正在发生或者正在进行。这种用法通常用在下列动词中：see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice,
例如：1）There we found him watching TV. 我们发现他在那儿看电视。
2）I heard someone knocking at the door. 我听见有人在敲门。
1. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rock.
A. to have rested
B. resting
C. to rest
D. rest
2. Do you know the boy _______ under the big tree?
A. lay
B. lain
C. laying
D. lying
3.The students are busy _______ ready for the exam now.
A. getting
B. get
C. got
D. to get
4. --- Look! The lights in the classroom are still on. --- Oh, I forgot _______.
A. turning them off
B. turn them off
C. to turn them off
D. having turned them off
5. He didn’t feel like _______ out for a walk, because he had caught a cold.
A. to go
B. goes
C. gone
D. going
6. You’d better _______ at home all the time. It’s bad for your health.
A. don’t stay
B. no to stay
C. not stay
D. not staying
7.. The mother asked the boy _______ down the ladder, but he went on _______ instead.
A. come; climbing
B. to come; to climb
C. to come; climbing
D. coming; climbing
8. Is there any time _______ to the museum?
A. going
B. to go
C. goes
D. gone
9. The teacher asked the students to close the windows ____the wind from ____the papers away.
A. to stop; blowing
B. stopping; blowing
C. to stop; blow
D. stopped; blow
10. We should do as much as we can _______ water.
A. for saving
B. to save
C. save
D. saved
11. What is the best way do you think ______ the wild animals?
A. protecting
B. to protecting
C. protected
D. to protect
12. I think it kind _______.
A. of him to help me
B. for him to help me
C. that he help me
D. of him helping me
13. It’s too hot today. Why not _______ your coat?
A. take on
B. to take off
C. take off
D. taking off
14. Boys, don’t forget _____ the windows before you leave the classroom.
A. closing
B. closed
C. to closing
D. to close
15. Would you please _______ any noise? The baby has just fallen asleep.
A. make
B. to make
C. not to make
D. not make
16. --- Would you please try _______ late again? --- Sorry, I won’t be late again.
A. not to be
B. to be not
C. not be
D. be
17. Yesterday I heard a story _______ by my friend.
A. told
B. telling
C. to tell
D. tell
18. We can’t help crying after _______ the sad news.
A. hear
B. heard
C. hearing
D. to hear
19. --- Would you mind _______ for a few minutes? --- No, not at all.
A. wait
B. to wait
C. waited
D. waiting
20. I find _______ him all about it.
A. necessary to tell
B. that necessary to
C. necessary it to tell
D. it necessary to tell
21. It’s very nice _______ you to _______ me about it.
A. for; tell
B. of; say
C. to; speak
D. of; tell
22.. The son wants his mother _______ him up at six o’clock every day.
A. to ring
B. ring
C. rings
D. ringing
23. --- I often use Hotmail to send e-mails.--- Really? Would you please show me _______ it?
A. how can I use
B. what can I us
C. how to use
D. what to use
24.. Tell the boy _______ out of the window.
A. not to look
B. to not look
C. don’t look
D. not look
25. Did you hear her _______ in the next room just now?
A. singing
B. sing
C. to sing
D. sang
26. How long does it take you _______ your homework every evening?
A. finish doing
B. finishing to do
C. to finish doing
D. finish to do
27. Remember _______ the lights when you leave the office.
A. to turn off
B. turning off
C. turn off
D. to turning off
28. Her hope _______ the 2008 Olympic Games.
A. to take part in
B. is to take part in
C. taking part in
D. will take part in
29.The room isn’t big enough _______ so many people.
A. holding
B. hold
C. to hold
D. holds
30. You’d better not spend more time _______ computer games.
A. for playing
B. in playing
C. to play
D. plays
31. It is better to teach a man fishing than _______ him fish.
A. giving
B. to give
C. gives
D. give
32. My sister is interested in _______ in her free time.
A. watch TV
B. reading books
C. listening music
D. plays basketball
33. I have caught a cold and I don’t feel like _______ anything.
A. to eat
B. eating
C. ate
D. eats
34. I saw him _______ into the small store.
A. went
B. going
C. to go
D. has gone
35. He raised(提高) his voice（嗓音）to make everybody in the room ______ him clearly.
A. hear
B. to hear
C. hearing
D. heard
36. I didn’t go to the park yesterday because my mother asked me _______ my sister at home.
A. to look at
B. to look for
C. looking after
D.to take care of
37. Their wish is _____ a house of their own.（他们自己的）
A. to have
B. for having
C. have
D. of having
38. The teacher agreed _____ us_____ the test papers home.
A. to let, take
B. to let, to take
C. letting, take
D. let, take
39. When he saw I was in a hurry, he offered _______ me his bicycle.
A. lending
B. lent
C. to lend
D. in lending
40. I don't like_______ people _________about their neighbours.
A. hear, talking
B. to hear, talking
C. to hear, to talk
D. hearing, talked B．用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、正确。
1. Li Lei is asking his uncle_______(help) him think of a foreign name.
2. --- Hi! Li Hong. I didn’t see you at the party.
--- Oh, I was busy _______(get) ready for the coming exams.
3. It’s too cold. Let’s make a fire _______ (warm) ourselves up.
4. The girl _______(stand) under the tree is my cousin Kate.
5. You don’t need _______ (worry) about your friend. He is safe at home.
6. Why did you keep your brother _______ (wait) for a long time that evening?
7. I found the door _______(close) when I got home.
8. When they met again, they were too excited _______(say) a word.
9. Through the window, I saw some boys _______(play) basketball.
10. He didn’t finish _______(write) the book until last week.
11. --- How long did it take you _______(do) your homework yesterday? --- About half an hour.
12. Let me _______(help) you _______(water) the flowers.
13. My watch doesn’t work. It needs _______(repair).
14. _______(take) good care of the vegetables, and they will grow better.
15. How much time did you spend _______ (watch) TV last night?
16. I prefer _____(read) books at home rather than _______(go) shopping on Sundays.
17. It’s going ______(rain); you’d better ______(take) an umbrella with you.
18. I often hear people _______(say) “_______(see) is _______(believe)”.
不定式和动名词做主语的区别 不定式和动名词都可在句子中作主语，一般说来, 有下面几点须给予注意： (1)不定式一般表示具体的、特定的行为，通常表示一种意愿、目的或者未完成的事情。；而-ing分词一般表示抽象的、一般的行为通常表示已经知道的事实或者经验。 如： To complete the program needs much effort. 完成这项计划需要很大的努力。 Riding a bike can make a man smart. 骑单车能使一个人敏捷。 (2)在疑问句中，只能用动名词的复合结构作主语。如： Is his speaking reasonable? 她的说话有道理吗？ (3)在某些句型中通常要用动名词短语作主语。如：It is no use doing…/ It is no goo d doing…/ It is useless doing…/ It is worthwhil e doing…如： It is no use talking your trouble to a man like him. 跟他那样的人谈你的烦恼没有用。 (4)一般说来，作主语和表语的非谓语动词形式应一致，即：或同时为不定式，或同时为-ing分词。如： Seeing is believing. 眼见为实(from https://www.doczj.com/doc/4e5285459.html,)。 但是，在现代英语中，当表语用来说明主语的特定意义或具体内容时，主语和表语的非谓语动词的形式可以不一致，即，主语用动名词，而表语用动词不定式。如：Waving your hand is to say “Good-bye”. 挥手就是说“再见”。 Nodding your head is to say “Yes”. 点头就是说“对，是的”。
一．动词+ing的用法(只能加doing的动词) Like/dislike/enjoy/have fun doing喜欢做 mind (sb) doing介意做 consider doing sth 考虑做某事 imagine doing 想象做 suggest doing建议做 practice doing练习做 finish doing结束做 what about/ how about doing sth 做某事如何 Thank you for doing sth. 为…感谢某人 at the beginning of doing sth 的起初；……的开始 keep/go/ (on) /continue doing持续做 can’t help doing情不自禁做 can’t stand doing不能忍受做 feel like doing想要做 go +doing (go shopping) 去做某事 no +doing 禁止做某事 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 can’t stop doing sth 忍不住做某事 spend time/money (in) doing 花费时间做某事 have trouble/difficulty/problems 做某事有困难 have experience (in) doing 做某事有经验 be /get/used to doing 习惯于做某事 pay attention to doing 注意做某事 hold on to doing sth 坚持做某事 look forward to doing期望做某事 be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 be interested in doing 对做某事感兴趣 be good at doing sth= do well in doing sth. 擅长作某事 about: be worried about doing担忧做 be embarrassed about 尴尬做 be annoyed about 反感做 with: be pleased with doing对做---满意 prefer doing to doing宁愿—也不愿 without: without doing没做 from: stop sb (from) doing阻止某人做某事 =prevent sb from doing =keep sb from doing (但keep sb doing使某人不停的做) by: by doing通过做 二、动词＋doing和to do 意义无大区别 begin doing/ begin to do start doing/ start to do开始做 continue doing/to do持续做 like doing / like to do love doing / love to do 喜欢做 hate doing/ hate to do讨厌做 三、动词＋doing和to do意义不同 forget doing 忘记做过某事 forget to do忘记去做某事（还未做） remember doing 记得做过某事（已经做过）remember to do记得要去做某事（还未做） stop doing=give up doing sth 停止做某事 stop to do停下来去做另一件事 try /try one’s best to do尽力做 need doing需要被做(主语指物) need to do 需要做（主语指人） 三四、动词＋to do allow sb to do 允许某人做某事 get sb. to do 让某人做某事 ask sb. to do 让某人做某事 tell sb. to do 让某人做某事 urge sb to do 争论做某事 want/would like sb. to do 想要做某事 encourage sb. to do 鼓励某人做某事 teach sb. to do 教某人做某事 train sb. to do 训练某人做某事 advise sb. to do 建议做人某事 lead sb. to do 领导某人做某事 mislead sb. to do误导某人做 invite sb. to do 邀请某人做某事 expect sb. to do期待某人做 remind sb. to do提醒某人做 (但remind sb of doing使某人想起做过某事) agree to do同意做
接不定式和动名词含义不同的动词 1. remember(记得)，forget(忘记)，regret(后悔)后接不定式指该不定式所表示的动作还未发生，后接动名词(有时可用完成式)，则指该动名词所表示的动作已经发生。比较。如：Remember to post the letter. 记住把这封信寄了。(“寄信”未发生) I remember posting the letter. 我记得寄了那封信。(“寄信”已发生) He forgot to pay me the money. 他忘记要给我付钱了。(“付钱”未发生) He forgot paying me the money. 他忘记曾给我付过钱。(“付钱”发生了) 2. try 后接不定式表示设法做某事，接动名词表示做某事试试(看有什么效果)。如： I’ll try to come tomorrow. 我明天设法来。 Let’s try knocking at the back door. 咱们敲敲后门试试。 3. mean 后接不定式表示打算(想要)做某事，接动名词表示意味着(要)做某事。如： He means to be a teacher. 他打算当老师。 He did not mean to hurt you. 他不是有意要伤害你。 This illness will mean going to hospital. 得了这种病就意味着要住院。 4. stop 后接动名词表示停止做某事，接不定式表示停下正在做的事去做另一事。如： He stopped speaking, and there was not a sound in the room. 他停止讲话，房里一点声音也没有了。 He stopped to listen, but there was no more sound. 他停下来听，但再也没有听到什么声音。 【注】后接不定式时，不定式不是宾语，而是目的状语。 5. can’t help后接动名词表示禁不住去做某事，接不定式表示不能帮助做某事。如： He couldn’t help crying when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息时禁不住哭了。 The medicine can’t help to get rid of your cold. 这药不能帮你治好感冒。 6. go on 后接不定式表示做完某事后接着做另一事，接动名词表示继续做正在做的事。如： You oughtn’t to go on living this way. 你不应该再这样生活下去了。 Go on to do the other exercises after you have finished this one. 做完这个练习后, 请接着做其他的练习。 【注】也人认为go on doing sth中的doing是现在分词而不是动名词。
动词不定式、动名词的用法和区别 动词不定式：动词不定式是由to + 动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。 1. 动词不定式作主语： To mast a language is not an easy thing. / To teach English is my favorite. 动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面，而用it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。 It's very kind of you to have given us much help. 2. 动词不定式作宾语： 某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask. I like to help others if I can. 3. 动词不定式作宾语补语。 We expect you to be with us. 我们希望你和我们在一起。/ Please ask him to come here quickly.请叫他快过来。 4. 动词不定式作表语： What I should do is to finish the task soon. / The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately. 5. 动词不定式作定语： There are many ways to solve the problem. / I have something important to tell you. 6. 不定式作状语： We went to the hospital to see our teacher. / She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower. 动词不定式的否定形式：not + to + 动词原形 The teacher told us not to swim in that river. 老师告诉我们不要在那条河里游泳。 It's unfair not to tell us. 没告诉我们真是不公平。 带疑问词的不定式： 疑问词who, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面，构成不定式短语，使含义更加具体。Where to go is not known yet. I don't know when to begin.。 Can you tell me where to get the battery. Do you know how to get to the station. 带逻辑主语的不定式： 动词不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语，构成方法是：for + 逻辑主语+ 不定式。 注意：逻辑主语用宾格形式，for 本身无实际意义，它只表明后面的主语从逻辑上分析是不定式的主语。 It's necessary for us to help each other. / There are much work for me to finish, 动词不定式的被动形式：表示不定式动词同所修饰的名词是被动关系。 He is the man to be examined. 他是受检查的人。/ There are much work to be done. 有好多工作要做。 ●动名词 动名词是由动词原形+ ing 构成，同现在分词形式一样，在句中可作主语，宾语，表语和定语。 1) 动名词作主语： Talking like that is not polite. / Learning from others is important . / Putting on more clothes is not so good . （注：动名词可以象动词不定式一样，用it作形式主语，而把动名词写在后面做真正的主语。）It's no use waiting here, let's go home. / It's very difficult climbing this mountain. 2) 动名词作表语 The nurse's job is looking after the patients. 3)动名词作宾语 有些动词须用动名词来作宾语,它们是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep. Please stop smoking in the house. / I like reading in the forest. / Do you mind my opening the windows? 4）动名词作定语 She is studying in the reading room. / He slept in the sleeping bag. （动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词） He pretend not knowing it at all. 他假装全然不知。/ We considered not doing it now. 我们考虑现在不做这件事。 动名词的被动形式：当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时，用动名词的被动形式来表示。）His being looked down upon made him sick. / I can't really stand being treated like that.
动名词作主语和动词不定式做主语的区别？ 动词不定式与动名词的区别：）to+V放句首为动词不定式，用法与V+ing差不多，多用于 后面所说的事情还没有发生。例：To be a author is my dream. V+i ng 放句首是动名词，其 相当于名词，例：Doi ng lots of exercise is good for health. 一般来讲，to+ v.表主动，表 将来，表一次行动作。-ing表主动，表进行。动词不定式与动名词的一些用法：）不定 式与动名词都可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，但用法不尽相同。 1 ?作主语一般情 况下，不定式与动名词作主语可以互换，也常常可以用it充当形式主语，而把不定式和动名词放在句子的后半部分。但二者也有区别，不定式常常指某次具体的、将要发生的行为；而动名 词则表示一般的、抽象的行为。例如：To save money now is not easy. 现在攒钱不容易。 Savi ng mo ney is a good habit. 攒钱是个好习惯。 2 .作定语不定式多为后置定语，动名词 多为前置定语；不定式多表示将来的动作，动名词只能表示事物的属性、用途等。例如：He is look ing for a room to live in. 他正在找一间房子去住。Take these sleep ing pills and you\'ll sleep better.吃了这种安眠药，你会睡得更好。3 .作宾语：有些动词后只能跟不定式作宾语,不能跟动名词作宾语；有些动词后常跟动名词作宾语，不能跟不定式作宾语；有些动词后跟不定式和动名词作宾语皆可， 1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。例女口： Collect ing in formation about childre n ' s health is his jc收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。It ' s necessry to discuss the problem with an experieneed teacher. 与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。2、常用不定式做主语的句型有： （1） It ' s difficult （important，necessary） for sb. to do （2）It ' s kind （good，friendly，polite， careless，rude，cruel，clever，foolish，brave） of sb. to do. 3 、常用动名词做主语的句型 有: It ' s no good （use，fun） doing. It ' s （a） waste of time one 另：1）s动o名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。Smoking is prohibited（禁止）here .这里禁止抽烟。（抽象）It is not very good for you to smoke so much .你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。（具体）（2）动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climb ing mou ntai ns is interesting .爬山很有趣。（经验）Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring .在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。（经验）（3 ）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。It took me only five minu tes to finish the job. I .动名词和不定式做主语的相同点 1. 不定式短语和动名词做主语时，常常为了保持句子的平衡，用it来做形式主语，如： It is not easy to learn English well. It is no use asking him for help. 2. 如果主语用了不定式，表语和宾语也要用不定式；主语用了动名词，表语和宾语也要用动名词，这在英语中称为对称性，如：
常见动词不定式词组、句型用法总结 .固定用法(非谓语动词)：以下是带to的动词不定式常见搭配 ★希望做某事hope to do sth. ★决定做某事decide to do sth. ★同意做某事agree to do sth. ★需要某人做某事need to do sth. ★使用某物做某事use sth to do sth ★迫不及待做某事can’t wait to do ★准备做某事get/be ready to do ★尽力/努力做某事try to do sth ★计划做某事plan to do sth. ★不得不have to do sth ★轮流做某事take one’s turns to do sth. ★拒绝做某事refuse to do sth. ★告诉某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. ★请某人做某事ask sb. to do sth. ★希望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth. ★想要某人做某事want /would like sb.to do sth. ★同意某人做某事agree sb. to do sth. ★教某人做某事teach sb.to do sth. ★喜欢/想要某人做某事like sb.to do sth. ★帮助某人做某事help sb. to do sth/help ★鼓励某人做某事encourage sb to do ★It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 例句:It your turn to clean the blackboard. ★It’s time(for sb.) to do sth.是某人做某事时候了 例句:It’s time for me to go home. ★It’s +adj. for/of sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说做某事是…… （当adj.是表示性格、品德的形容词时用of） 例句: It is easy for me to learn it well. It is very kind/foolish/nice of you to do so. ★It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花了某时间 例句: takes me an hour to get to school by bike. took me an hour to watch TV last night. will take her two weeks to finish the work. ★too+adj./adv. to do sth. 太…..而不能 例: He was to angry to say a word. ★find/ think/ feel it +adj. to do sth.发现/认为/感到做某事是… 例: I find/think/feel it hard to learn English well. ★序数词+to do 第…..个做某事例句:Who is the first to get there
动名词作主语和动词不定式做主语的区别? 动词不定式与动名词的区别：）to+V 放句首为动词不定式，用法与V+ing差不多，多用于后面所说的事情还没有发生。例：To be a author is my dream. V+ing 放句首是动名词，其相当于名词，例：Doing lots of exercise is good for health. 一般来讲，to+ v. 表主动，表将来，表一次行动作。-ing 表主动，表进行。动词不定式与动名词的一些用法：）不定式与动名词都可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,但用法不尽相同。1．作主语一般情况下,不定式与动名词作主语可以互换,也常常可以用it充当形式主语,而把不定式和动名词放在句子的后半部分。但二者也有区别,不定式常常指某次具体的、将要发生的行为;而动名词则表示一般的、抽象的行为。例如: To save money now is not easy. 现在攒钱不容易。Saving money is a good habit. 攒钱是个好习惯。2．作定语不定式多为后置定语,动名词多为前置定语;不定式多表示将来的动作,动名词只能表示事物的属性、用途等。例如: He is looking for a room to live in.他正在找一间房子去住。Take these sleeping pills and you\'ll sleep better. 吃了这种安眠药,你会睡得更好。3．作宾语：有些动词后只能跟不定式作宾语,不能跟动名词作宾语;有些动词后常跟动名词作宾语,不能跟不定式作宾语;有些动词后跟不定式和动名词作宾语皆可, 1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。例 如：Collecting inform ation about children’s health is his job. 收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。It’s necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。2、常用不定式做主语的句型有：（1）It’s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do （2）It’s kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do. 3、常用动名词做主语的句型有：It’s no good (use, fun) doing. It’s (a) waste of time one’s doing.另:1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) (3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。It took me only five minutes to finish the job. Ⅰ.动名词和不定式做主语的相同点 1.不定式短语和动名词做主语时，常常为了保持句子的平衡，用it来做形式主语，如： It is not easy to learn English well. It is no use asking him for help. 2.如果主语用了不定式,表语和宾语也要用不定式;主语用了动名词,表语和宾语也要用动名词,这在英语中称为对称性,如: To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. (眼见为实) It is better to stay home than _A__ out. A. to go B. going C. go D. gone
动词不定式和动名词是英语非谓语动词的两个重要部分 一、作主语 1、不定式作主语：动词不定式可直接用作主语, 句子的谓语动词常用单数。 To get there by bike will take us half an hour. 对于主语较长的不定式，可以用it 作形式主语。例如： It's our duty to take good care of the old.How long did it take you to finish the work It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. It seemed impossible to save money.It's kind of you to help me with my English. 2、动名词作主语：动名词也可直接用作主语，或者用it 作形式主语。例如： Learning without practice is no good.It's no good reading in dim light.It's no use sitting here waiting.It's dangerous swimming in the sea in windy days.There is no saying what will happen next. 3、动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别 (1)不定式作主语经常表示具体动作，或者表示将要进行的动作。而动名词作主语经常表示 抽象的一般性的动作。例如：It's no good for you to eat so much fat. ( 有具体的人for you) It's no good eating too much fat. ( 泛指 ) (2) 不定式的逻辑主语常用 of, for 表示；动名词逻辑主语则常用物主代词、名词、代词表示。例如：It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says. (of you) It's no use your pretending that you didn't know the rules. (your) The doctor suggested them having their health check-up once a year. 二、作宾语 1、不定式作宾语 (1) 以下动词后 , 一般只用不定式作宾语 .如 :agree, attempt ， apply， ask, aim, arrange, beg ，choose, decide, demand, expect, fail , help, hope, lean, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish afford 等。 I decided to ask for my money back. I decided that I would ask for my money back. When our visit to the farm was over, we expected to start back on foot. When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that we would start back on foot. (2)不定式可先用 it 做形式宾语。 2、动名词作宾语 (1)以下动词后 , 一般只用动名词作宾语 , 如 :admit, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, finish, keep, imagine, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, save, suggest, don't mind, give up, insist, on, put off 等。 I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town. You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm to your health. (2)介词后只能接动名词做宾语 I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead of staying at home. What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech (3)少数特殊结构中只用动名词做宾语。它们可以看作是省略的介词的形式。例如： have difficulty prevent/stop (in) doing sth. have ? (from) doing sth. no trouble (in) doing sth.lose no ti me (in) there is no use (in) doing sth. doing sth. 3、不定式与动名词做宾语的区别 (1)动词后是接不定式还是动名词作宾语，主要是根据使用习惯。有些动词后一般只接不定
1. —What did you see just now? —I saw two _____ doctors _____ out of the house. A. women,come B. woman, came C. woman,coming D. women, to come 2. —_____ good news it is! The pandas are alive after the earthquake. —It’s so _____. A. What a, excited B. what, exciting C. How a, excited D. How, exciting 3. — Would you like to play table tennis with me? —I don’t feel like it. I would rather_____at home and watch TV. A stay B to stay C staying D stayed 4. She was surprised _____ me last night. A. to see B. see C. saw 5. —What's the matter? —I am having the trouble _____ who has taken my book. A. finding B. looking for C. finding out D. looking up 6. — What ______ news it was! — Yes, all of the children were _____. A. excited, exciting B. exciting, excited C. exciting, exciting D. excited, excited 7. — Why are you late? — My bike broke down. I had it _____. A. repaired B. repaires C. repair D. repairing 8. Colors can change our moods心情and make us _____ happy or sad, energetic or sleepy. A. to feel B. feeling C. felt D. feel 9. Would you mind _____ more slowly? I can’t follow you. A. speak B. spoke C. spoken D. speaking 10.It’s good habit _____ breakfast every day. A. had B. have C. has D. to have 11.Maria_____shy, but now she is quite outgoing. She has made lots of friends. A. was used to be B. is used to be C. was used to being D. used to be
初中不定式和动名词 一、动词不定式：构成：to + 动词原形 1. 下列动词只能接不定式作： want 想要, agree 同意, choose 选择, decide 决定, expect 期望, hope 希望, earn 学会, need 必要, offer 提供, prefer 宁愿, +to do promise保证, plan 计划refuse 拒绝, wish 希望, would like想要 2. 下列动词只能接动名词（即动词+ing） Enjoy; mind; practice; finish；suggest ;deny; admit ; keep; spend; feel like + doing sth. enjoy doing sth., 喜欢做某事mind doing sth. 介意做某事, practice doing sth. 练习做某事finish doing sth. 做完某事 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事keep doing sth. 坚持做某事 have fun doing sth. 尽情做某事suggest doing sth.建议做某事 deny doing sth. 否认做某事admit doing sth.承认做某事 be/get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事 spend…(in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事be worth doing sth 值得做某事 prefer doing sth. to doing sth 与…相比更喜欢做某事pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事3．有些动词后面既可接不定式，也可接动名词，意思相同。如： begin/start to do sth.= begin/start doing sth开始做某事, like/love to do sth= like / love doing sth. 喜欢做某事; hate to do sth. =hate doing sth.憎恨做某事 4. 有些动词后接不定式或名词时，意思不同。如： 1）remember doing sth. 记得作过某事（某事已做过） remember to so sth.记住去做某事（某事还没做） 2）forget doing sth. 忘了作过某事（某事已做过） forget to do sth. 忘了去做某事（某事还没做） 3）try to do sth.=do one’s best to do sth. 尽力去做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 4）stop doing sth. 停止做某事（停止正在做的事） stop to do sth.停下来做某事（停止的事去做另外的事） 5）go on doing sth. 继续做某事（同一件事） go on to do sth. 接着去做某事（不同的事） 5.下列动词跟动词不定式充当宾语补足语：vt.+sb. to do sth. vt.+ sb.+not to do sth. Want/ask/ tell /order/ allow/ wish/beg/advise / call /invite +sb. to do sth. She told me to buy a ticket.她让我去买张票 My mother often tells me not to go out at night. 6.help 后的不定式可带to, 也可不带to The teachers helped the students (to) learn English well. 那些老师帮助学生学好英语。 He often helps his mother (to) tidy up the room.他经常帮助他妈妈整理房间。
动词不定式与动名词 一、动词不定式 1 作宾语 （1）下列动词只能用不定式作宾语： afford,ask,agree, choose,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn, manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire,prefer,seem, intend. 可用口诀帮助记忆：决心学会有希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 eg: I’m sorry I forget to post the letter.对不起，我忘了寄信了。 I forget telling him the news yesterday,我忘了昨天已经把这个消息告诉他了。（2）以下动词常用一个连接代词/副词加上动词不定式作宾语： Tell,teach,advise,show,learn,know,decide,discuss, 2、作主语。不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，而把不定式放到后面。其句型结构为： （1）It is/was+adj +of sb+to do sth.该句型中的adj常为careless,clever,good, foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice等描述句子逻辑主语性格特征的形容词。 （2）It is/was+adj +for sb +to do sth.该句型中的adj常为difficult,easy,hard, important,impossible,necessary等描述客观情况的形容词 eg;It is not easy to solve the problem.解决这个问题不容易。 It is kind of you to help me send the letter.你能帮我寄信真好。 It is possible for us toger to the airport. Before 3 pm. 3、省略to的动词不定式 大多数使役动词和感官动词的不定式宾补不带to,但当句子变为被动句时 省去的to要带回。主要有以下11个动词： let,make,have;see,watch,look at,observe,notice,hear,listen to,feel eg: I saw a woman enter the house. They heard a girl sing a song in the next room. 二、动名词 1作宾语： 下列动词只能接动名词作宾语：admit,appreciate,avoid,advise, Consider,complete,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,exuse,fancy,finish,imagine,mind, Miss,practise,parden,resist,risk,suggest. 可用下面的口诀帮助记忆。口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过
动名词，分词和动词不定式的用法 (一)不定式和动名词作主语的区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验) Driving acar during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) (3)不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job. (二)不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 (1)不定式作表语。 A.不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。例： To do two things at atime is to do neither.一次做两件事等于未做。 What Iwould suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 B.如果主语是不定式(表示条件)，表语也是不定式(表示结果)。例： To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
To work means to earn aliving.工作就是为了生活。 C.如果主语是以 aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为 中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。例： The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant.His wish is to buy aluxurious car in the near future. 他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 (2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。例： Our work is serving the people.我们的工作是为人民服务。 His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。 〈注〉动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构 迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或 情况。His victory in the final was no more convincing than Ihad expected. (3)分词作表语。 分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词，汉语注 解不是"激动"、"高兴"，而是"使得激动"、"使高兴"，因而现在分词应该是"令人激动的"、"令人高兴的"，过去分词则是"感到激动的"和"感到高兴的"。所以，凡表示"令人…的"都是-ing形式，凡是表示"感到…"都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对…感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in.，若人/物本身有趣时， 就是sb./sth.is interesting。这类词常见的有： interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的