视听说教程第一册期末听力考试复习篇目以及答案
Unit 1
Page 4 Task 1: Enrolling
Task 1: Enrolling
Good morning, everyone. I’d like to welcome you to City University. I’m Betty Russell and I work in the International Students’ Office. I have some important for you. First, you must enroll by August 28th. Pick up your ID card at our office. Them, you’ll need to pick up a library card so that you can borrow books from the library. Show them your ID card in the library and they will do it for you. You may be thinking about the sports facilities at our school. There’s no charge for student use, but of course you’ll have to show your ID card. Concerning the medical assistance, the University has its own health center, and all services are free for enrolled students.
Key：1-5: B D B C A
Page 14 Task 1: University Life
Task 1: University Life
University life is a new and different experience for me. First of all, living at the university gives me a sense of responsibility, of being on my own. My parents aren’t around to say, “No, you’re not going out tonight.”I decide everything for myself. Being around lots of friendly people is another aspect I like about university life. On my first say, when I arrived on campus, I was a bit confused about where I was going. An upperclassman noticed out I was looking for my dorm, he said, “Oh, just follow me; that’s where I’m going.” Now, I can really say that I feel comfortable in the dorm because there are so many friendly people around to talk with. Finally, I LOVE HA VING Fridays off; I would not be able to deal with five days of classes in a row. How did I do it in high school? I love sleeping in on Fridays. I guess I’m sort of a party animal, but it seems like I go out every Thursday night. It also seems like I don’t get home until early the next day1 My head hits the pillow and I don’t move until Friday afternoon.
Key：
1.new and different
2.on his own
3.a bit confused
4.talk with
5. sleep in
Unit 3
Page 31 Listening skills: Understanding times and dates Understanding Times and Dates
1. W: Oh, look at the clock. It’s 5:15. I’ll be late for Jennifer’s birthday party! I was supposed to
leave at 5 o’clock.
M: Don’t worry! You still have some time. The clock is twenty minutes fast.
Q: What time is it now?
2. W: It’s 7:50, lazybones, and you’re going to be late for the meeting.
M: God! I was sleeping like a dog. Well, I still have ten minutes.
Q: When is the man’s meeting?
3. M: Thank you, Laura. We’d like to go to the barbecue with you. What time should we be there W: Some people are coming around 11:00, and we’re going to play badminton, but we won’t eat until around 12:30.
Q: At what time are they going to eat?
4. M: I knew Dr. Smith’s birthday was October 26th, but I didn’t realize it was this Saturday.
W: Let’s give him a surprise party. We could ask him to meet us at his office at 5, and then we could take him to dinner at the restaurant around 5:30.
Q: What time does the woman suggest meeting Dr. Smith?
5. M: I just read that Einstein was born on March 14, 1879, when very little was understood about
time and energy.
W: Absolutely. But when he died on April 18, 1955, people knew a lot more, and nuclear power stations had been built.
Q: When was Einstein born?
Key：1-5: D B C A B
Page 32 Task 1: The picture
Task 1: A Picture
I have a picture that sits on my desk in my bedroom. When I have trouble studying, or I’m worried about an exam, I just take a look at it. It is a picture of my best friends taken years ago when we were in high school. It reminds me of the good time we’ve shared and the support their friendship still gives me today. Even though our lives have gone in different directions, the bond we created has kept us close. Every week I get a message on my answering machine from one of them, or a letter in the mail with the latest news or vacation photos. I often get e-mail with a joke for the day, or words of comfort about some problems in my life. My friends have shown up for surprise birthday parties, and one of them even traveled two hours from the other end of town just to watch my first English speech contest. Our friendship has carried me through a lot of difficult experiences, and has enriched the good ones. It is the kind of friendship that outlasts disagreements, changes, and separation.
Key：1-5: C A D D B
Page 33 Task 2: Problems of meeting people
Task 2: Problem of Meeting People
As a foreign student, I have a number of problems, both academically and socially. The biggest one is meeting people. I feel confident about my ability to cope with problems from my studies, but I’m not comfortable making friends with other students, especially local ones. Perhaps I’m worrying unnecessarily, but I find it difficult to talk to them and to make friends. The primary reasons is the language barrier. My English is quite standard and forma, and although that helps me with my academic work, I have trouble understanding other students when they are just talking. It seems to me that in order to meet with other students I really need informal, colloquial English. Besides, there’s the cultural gap. That’s why it’s so difficult for overseas students and native English speaking students to really get to know each other. I really want to overcome this difficulty. I guess the best way to begin is to start talking about course work that we share; and then I could suggest going for a cup of tea or coffee. Over coffee we could get to know each other. Another way would be to join a club, like a tennis club or a photo club, because that immediately gives you something in common with other people there. It gives you a starting point to build on. Key：
1. confident making friends
2. language
3. informal cultural
4. coursework going for
5. join a club in common
Page 42 Task 2: How to build lifelong friendship
Task 2: How to build lifelong friendship?
You may have a lot of friends and expect your friendships to last a lifetime. However, lifelong friendships are not always what everybody can get. Friends sometimes misunderstand each other. For one thing, you may want your friends to be near at hand, but also you need your independence and privacy. For example, when one of your friends comes asking if it is all right to spend the evening in your house, sometimes you just say “no” to hi or her because it is nor convenient for you. Unfortunately, not all your friends understand this type of independence. They believe that friends can ask for any favor and the answer should always be “yes”. Also, misunderstanding sometimes occurs when you ask for help. You expect your friends to help you mo matter what the circumstances are. But the fact is, your friends may not always drop everything to satisfy each of your needs. This may make you angry with them and your friendship could fade. The most important thing for you and your friends to do is to always show understanding and respect for each other.
Key：1-5: T F F T T
Unit 4
Page 46 Task 1: Weather forecasting
Task 1: Weather Forecasting
We all know that it’s not possible for man to control the weather. But we can tell what important changes there will be in the weather in the short term. This is called weather forecasting. Many people rely on the weatherman to provide that information, but one method of weather forecasting is simply to use your eyes and brains. For example, if you see a rainbow in rainy weather in the evening, this is a sign that the weather will soon be clear and fine. Sometimes distant objects such as hills and tall trees seem to be very clear and near; this is a sign of much water vapor in the air, and then rain will probably come. If a fog appears just about sunrise in the morning, then the day will be arm. If the sunset is mostly red in color, then the following day will be fine. If the stars twinkle at night, then fine weather will come the next day.
Key：1-5: B D C A D
Page 56 Task 1: Mental energy and seasons
Task 2: Mental Energy and Season
You may not believe that our mental energy varies from season to season. But some people think that it does. Research has shown that climate and temperature have a definite effect on our mental abilities. Scientists have discovered that cool weather is much more favorable for creative thinking than is summer heat. Spring spears to be the best period of the year for thinking. People seem to be a lot sharper in spring than they are in any other season. One reason may be that in spring people’s mental abilities are affected by the same factors that bring about great changes in nature. Fall is the next-best season, then sinter. Summer seems to be the best time to take a long vacation from thinking. This does not mean that all people are less intelligent in summer than they are during the rest of the year. It does mean, however, that the mental abilities of most people tend to be lowest in summer. Be aware of these facts, and you will bring your talent into full play. Key：
1. season
2. Climate
3. thinking
4. mental abilities
5. summer
Unit 5
Page 60 Task 1: American eating habits
Task 3: American Eating Habits
Eating habits in America really get a lot of criticism. But the truth is, it matters much where in America you look. In big cities, people are becoming more health-conscious every day. This is shown by what foods they choose to buy in supermarkets, and what restaurants they eat in. There is now a big push for “green” foods that are grown naturally. In cities like New York and Chicago, restaurants offer new and healthy styles to stay ahead of the competition. However, these habits contrast with those in America’s heartland. Here, people tend to eat more traditional and higher fat foods, such as breakfasts of eggs, bacon, sausages, toast and other greasy, but delicious foods. Fast food chain restaurants such as McDonald’s and the Olive Garden, which serve cheaper food, draw
a lot of customers and are popular in most places.
There are different eating habits across America. In big cities, people have now become more health-conscious than ever. There is a big push for “green” foods that are grown naturally. In New York and other big cities, restaurants offer new and healthy styles to stay ahead of the competition. However, people in America’s heartland are quite different. They often eat more traditional and higher fat foods. Fast food chain restaurants draw a lot of customers and are popular in most places.
Key：1-5: C D D B D
Page 70 Task 1: Foods around the world
Task 1: Foods in the World
Food is national and international. Many people like their own national dishes and a variety of foreign ones. You can find European and Oriental restaurants on most large cities. You can find Italian, French, Chinese, and Mexican restaurants in New York, Washington, San Francisco, and many other cities in the United States. As well, you might also find Greek and Middle Eastern restaurants in some cities in the US. American hamburgers and hot dogs are popular in Tokyo and Paris. In almost every country you will find rice, potatoes, eggs, bread, soup, meat, vegetables, milk, fruit, and other basic foods. People all over cook them differently in different countries. People all over the world also prefer different things to drink. The English drink a lot of tea, and the French a lot of wine. Americans prefer coffee, milk or pop. German beer is now completely international. Children are often very conservative about new foods. In the United States they often prefer to eat the same three or four favorite dishes: hamburgers and French fires, hot dogs, fried chicken, and ice cream.
Key：
1.(1) national (2) intenational (3) national dishes (4) foreign ones
2.(1) large cities (2) European (3) Asian
3.(1) hamburgers (2) hot dogs (3) Paris
4.(1) tea (2) coffee (3) milk (4) pop
5.(1) children (2) three or four (3) hamburgers (4) fried chicken Unit 7
Page 87 Listening skills: Identifying prices
Identifying Prices
1.M: I want two correction pens and a notebook. How much are they?
W: $ 1.95 for each correction pen. $ 5.00 for the notebook.
Q: How much does the man have to pay?
2.W: Ooh, it’s only $9.8. I bet Jane would love this blue vase. Flowers are really
her thing.
M: The salesgirl said it is 30% off today, and it will be the normal price tomorrow.
Q: How much will the vase cost tomorrow?
3.W: Wow, what a wonderful yard sale. Did you see the sofa? It’s in good shape,
and he’s selling it for just $100.
M:Yeah. And that computer, just $150. What a steal! The one we saw last Saturday was three times as expensive as it.
Q: How much was the computer they saw last week?
4. M: Hi. I’d like to book two tickets for this weekend’s concert. How much for
general admission?
W: General admission is $25 per ticket and is standing room only. Seat tickets range from $35 to $50, depending on the section you want.
Q: How much are two seat tickets?
5. W: Hey, Nancy. I’ve got this coupon that says if I buy three cans of Coke, I get a
free bag of chips.
M: You’d better look at it more carefully. It says three bottles of Coke. The bottles are over there. $1.30 for each.
Q: How much will the man pay to get three cans of Coke and a bag of chips? Key：1-5: D B C B B
Page 88 Task 1: Malls in the U.S.
Task 1: Malls in the U.S.
Malls are popular places for Americans to go. People like malls for many reasons. They feel safe because malls have private security guards and sometimes even police stations. Parking is usually free, and the weather inside is always fine. The newest malls have beautiful rest areas with waterfalls and large green trees. The largest mall in the United States is the Mal of America in Minnesota. It covers 4.2 million square feet. It has 350 stores, eight nightclubs, and a seven-acre park! There are parking spaces for 12,750 cars. About 750,000 people shop there every week. The first indoor mall in the United States was built in 1965 in Minnesota, but now malls are like town centers where people come to do many things. They shop, eat foods from all over the world, and see movies at theaters. Some people even get their daily exercise from the new sport of “mall walking.” Others go to malls to meet friends. In some malls, people can see a doctor or a dentist and even attend church. In a word, people can do just about everything in malls.
Key：1-5: B C B C D
Page 98 Task 1: Does complaining work?
Task 1: Does complaining work?
Many people tolerate bad service or inferior products rather than make a complaint. They feel that complaining won’t do any good. In fact, they’re wrong: complaining works because companies don’t want dissatisfied customers. If you have a complaint, do something about it right away. The longer you wait, the harder it will be to get your complaint settled. First, you can complain to one of the clerks. If they cannot help you, then ask politely to speak to a manager. Also, many stores have Customer Service representatives whose job is to solve problems in customer relations. These people are eager to assist because companies realize that dissatisfied customers can damage their reputations. You should always insist on your own rights as a customer. You have the right to receive a product you ordered in timely manner and in good condition. With airlines, you have the right to be on the flight you’ve booked. You can also expect a discount if you receive less than you have agreed upon—a hotel room with a view of a brick wall instead of an ocean view, for example.
Key：
1. tolerate complaint
2. do any good works dissatisfied customers
3. longer harder settled
4. Customer Service solve problems
5. the right in a timely manner
Page 99 Task 2: Beware of bargains!
Task 3: Beware of bargains!
Ever since ancient times, people have always loved a bargain. If they think they are getting a “good deal” they will grab it up, whatever it is. Some people buy clothes they will never wear, or furniture they have no need or room for. Some even buy cars they can’t afford simply because the auto dealer is having a sale. There is an old saying: “You get what you pay for.”And another saying: “If a price seems too good to be true, it probably is.”Sometimes stores feature poorer quality goods at prices that are not really reduced. Some stores offer “unbelievable bargain prices”on unit costs, then add on hidden charges so that the final price is the same as the regular price—or sometimes even higher. There are bargains to be had, but the safest way is to find a retailer that you can trust, and to be cautious. The Romans had a saying: “Let the buyer beware!”The idea is as true today as it ever was.
People have always loved a bargain. If they think they are getting a “good deal”, they will grab it whatever it is. But you get what you pay for. Sometimes stores feature poorer quality merchandise at prices that are not really reduced. Some stores offer “unbelievable bargain prices” on unit costs, then add on hidden charges so that the final price is the same as or even higher than the regular price. There are bargains to be had, but the safest way is to find a retailer that you can trust, and to be cautious.
Key：1-5: F F T F T
Unit 9
Page 115 Listening skills: Making calculations
Making Calculations
1.W: It sounds expensive. Why did they charge you so much for repairing the computer?
M：Well, it’s $25 for labor to start with. A new modern cost another 50 bucks. On top of that I needed a new battery, and it cost $17.
Q: How much did the man spend altogether fixing his computer?
2.W: How long are you on the Internet every day?
M：About three hours a day. I promised Dad to cut that in half, but the Internet is so slow.
Q: How much time has the man promised to spend on the Net every day.
3.W: Where did you get all these e-mails?
M：I got ten messages from classmates, one about an assignment and one from my brother.
Five were spam, the annoying stuff that comes at all times.
Q: How many e-mail messages did the woman get altogether?
4.W: It takes twice as long to open my Hotmail now. I need over a minute to see my mail. Is the
problem Hotmail or the ISP?
M：Forget Hotmail. I get e-mail through a local provider in ten seconds. Try it.
Q: How long did it use to take the man to get his mail?
5.W: Talking about computer, what’s the meaning of Pentium 4 and clock speed?
M：Imagine the processor of a computer as a bus. The higher the Pentium number, the larger the the bus and the more information it can carry. Clock speed tells how fast data are processed. A clock speed of 100 is half as fast as a speed of 200.
Q: How much faster is a clock speed of 200 than a clock speed of 100?
Key：1-5: D C A B C
Page 116 Task 1: The Internet on campus
Task 1: The Internet on Campus
The Internet, a worldwide information network, is used at universities mainly as an information supply source. Staff supply information via the Internet and students may access it or any other publicly available information. The Internet is also useful for students to communicate with staff. Teachers may present lecture materials in lecture halls, and at the same time, they can distribute the materials for students to access from any location at any time via their computer. Such materials are preesented mainly in the form of text, still pictures and hypertext links. Students find this valuable and relevant to their needs. If they must miss a lecture, students can still keep up to date. Staff users may put up notices of conferences, maintain professional contacts, and communicate and conduct discussions with their colleagues or students. Students, on the other
hand, are taught haow to use the Internet as an individual productivity tool in several courses. Key：1-5: A D A A C
Unit 10
Page 130 Task 1: Get adult children back for the holidays
Key：1-5: A C C D C
Page 132 Task 3: Halloween
Task 3: Halloween
Some people really enjoy Christmas, or Valentine’s Day, or Easter, or have a huge family reunion or barbecue on the Fourth of July. Some people look forward to stuffing themselves with turkey every year on Thanksgiving. Great as those are, they don’t compare with my favorite. I LOVE Halloween! Why Halloween? Well, Halloween is the night of the year when we can all get dressed up as someone else, pretend and let our imaginations run wild. Even adults get a free pass to go back to their childhood and become that kid still inside all of us. It’s also the one night of the year when we get to shine light on the dark, and confront monsters, ghosts, witches, and all things dead. We get to confront our biggest fears, as both children and adults, and reassure ourselves that there’s really no reason to be afraid of things we see at night.
Key：
1.On the Fourth of July.
2.Turkey.
3.Because Halloween is the one night of the year when people can all get dressed up
as someone else, pretend and let their imaginations run wild.
4.They can get to shine light on the dark, and confront monsters, ghosts, witches,
and all things dead.
5.They reassure themselves that there’s really no reason to be afraid of things people
see at night.
Page 140 Task 1: Valentine’s Day
Task 1: Valentine’s Day
Valentine’s Day started when the Emperor Claudius II ruled Rome. Claudius punished Rome into so many wars that he had a hard time finding soldiers for his army. He thought the reason was that Roman men did not want to leave their families and lovers. To solve that problem, he cancelled marriages and engagements. But a Christian priest named Valentine who believed in love and marriage secretly married couples When the emperor learned about these marriages, he sent Valentine to prison. The priest died in prison on February 14,270. Not until a few hundred years later did Saint Valentine’s Day take its present form. Today we still honor Saint Valentine. The
old ideas of love, marriage and fertility have lasted and taken on modern meanings.
Key：
1. wars finding soldiers
2. families and lovers
3. love and marriage
4. prison Februry 14
5. fertility modern meanings
Page 140 Task 2: Holiday blues
Task 2: Holiday blues
While for many people the holiday season is joyous and hopeful, others may find it just as stressful as interviewing for a new job. Many factors can contribute to the holiday blues. To begin with, there are more parties to attend and more shopping trips to make. But this doesn’t mean we work fewer hours or get a break from household duties—we just try to do more things in a single day. Then there are the financial burdens. The rewards of being generous to close friends and family may outweigh the price tag—and what about extended family, old friends from school, and co-workers? Don’t they deserve gifts? And finally, the holidays can be truly painful when we recall the loss of those who are no longer celebrating with us because of death, distance or divorce. However, the good news is that it’s usually possible to prevent the holiday blues by diversifying your holiday plans.
Key：1-5: T F F T T
新标准大学英语视听说 教程听力原文U n i t+ Document number【AA80KGB-AA98YT-AAT8CB-2A6UT-A18GG】
Unit 1-Conversation 1**（1）Janet: So this is the Cherwell Boathouse — it's lovely! And look at those people punting! It looks quite easy. Mark: I'm not so sure about that! Janet, there's something Kate and I wanted to discuss with you. Some people in college are organizing charity events this term. We've decided to get involved. Janet: Raising money for charity Right. In China, people raise money for charity but students don't usually do that. Mark: Students often do that here. Anyway, we're thinking of doing sponsored punting. Janet: Sponsored punting! What's that Kate: Sponsoring is when people pay you to do something — like run a long distance. So people would be sponsoring students to punt. Janet: What a great idea! I'd love to join you! Mark: That's why we're telling you about it. So that's decided then. Let's make a list of things we need to do. Kate: I'll do that. One of the first things we should do is choose the charity. Mark: Yes. And choose a day for the event. And we need to design the sponsorship form. I've got one here. Kate: That looks fine, but we must change the wording. Who wants to do that Mark: I'll do that. What have we got so far Kate: Choose a charity. Also a day for the event. Change the wording on the sponsorship form... Um ...
讲授法讨论法直观演示法读书指导法任务驱动法 第二十二课 一听力理解练习Listening comprehension 生词New words 1. 比赛bisai （名动） competition; to compete 2. 歌ge （名）song 0' 听后快速回答问题 15'' listen and answer the questions immediately 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1.下课以后我喜欢跟朋友一起聊天儿，不喜欢锻炼身体。问：他下课以后喜欢 做什么？ -- 跟朋友一起聊天儿。 2.业余时间我常玩儿电脑。 问：业余时间他常做什么？ -- 玩儿电脑 3.我不太喜欢看京剧，但是有时候也看。问：他常常看京剧吗？ -- 不常看 4.妈妈让哥哥给姐姐写信。问：谁写信？ -- 哥哥写信 5.张老师请我和张东星期天去他家玩儿。问：张东星期天做什么？ -- 去张老师家玩儿。 6.玛丽，明天请你替我给王老师这个本子，好吗？问：他让玛丽做什么？ -- 明天给王老师一个本子 7.妈妈，明天早上七点叫我起床，行吗？问：他让妈妈做什么？ -- 明天早上七点叫他起床。 8.经理请我给他办一件事。问：经理让他做什么？ -- 帮他办一件事。 9.玛丽让麦克回答一个问题。问：谁回答问题？
-- 麦克 10. 玛丽请王丽教她汉语。 问：玛丽做什么？ -- 请王丽教自己汉语。 二 . 听下列对话 ，选择正确答案 listen to the conversations and choose the right answer. 3 ' 18'' 1. A. 去美国 B. 当翻译 C. 当老师 D. 没有想过 2. A. 张明 B. 王东 C.经理 D. 王明 3. A. 去看京剧 B. 问山本去不去看京剧 C. 问山本喜欢不喜欢京剧 D.让麦克不要去看京剧 9. A. 七点以前来学校 B. 下午四点回学校 C. 在学校前边集合 D. 自己带午饭 10. A. 王老师 B. 马老师 C. 常老师 D. 张老师 1. 男：张东，你毕业以后打算做什么工作？ 女： 我爸爸想让我去美国留学，妈妈想让我当翻译， 我自己对当老师很感 兴趣。 问：张东想做什么？ 2. 女：张明， 经理找你做什么？ 男：他让我明天替王东给旅行团当翻译。 问： 明天谁给旅行团当翻译？ 3. 男：玛丽，你跟我一起去看京剧，好吗？ 女：对不起， 麦克，我今天很忙，没有时间。山本很喜欢京剧， 你问问他吧 问：玛丽让麦克做什么？ 4. 男：王丽，你爸爸还喜欢京剧吗？ 女：喜欢，三十年以前他就对京剧特别感兴趣，那时候他二十多岁。现在他 每天都要唱一会儿京剧。 问：王丽的爸爸喜欢京剧吗？ 5. 男：咦，小王，这是你的《青年报》吗？ 女：不是。我刚去了趟邮局，玛丽让我顺便给她买的。 问：这是谁的报？ 6. 女： 小王，学校是不是派老刘去美国学习？ 男：不是让他去学习，是去工 C.一直很喜欢 D. 一直都不喜欢 5. A. 女的给男的买的 B. 男的给女的买的 C. 玛丽给女的买的 女的给玛丽买的 6. A. 老刘 B. 小刘 小王 D. 小牛 4. A. 以前喜欢，现在不喜欢 B. 以前不喜欢，现在喜欢 D. 7. A. 每天锻炼以后要喝水 D.要休息，不要喝水 8. A. 七点多 B. 八点多 B. 每天锻炼以后要休息 C. 要休息，不要锻炼 C. 八点 D. 八点以前
《影视视听语言》考 试重点
视听语言的特性：单向性、运动性、模仿性、创造性。景别:是指被摄主体和画面形象在电视屏幕框架结构中，所呈现出的大小和范围。分远景、全景、中景、近景、特写。远景：表现广阔空间或开阔场面的画面。主要表现地理环境、自然风貌等开阔的场景。远景功用1）提供广阔的视觉空间，表现景物的宏观形象2）在影视中作开篇镜头，起到交代环境、开门见山的作用3）作结尾镜头，抒情性强，意味深长。全景：表现人物全身形象或某一具体场景全貌的画面。全景功用1）将人物及其所处的环境空间在一个画面中同时进行表现，环境对人物具有说明、解释、烘托、陪衬作用2）能够完整地表现人物的形体动作，从而反映其内心情感和心理状。中景：表现成年人膝盖以上部分或场景局部的画面。中景功用1）中景对人的手臂活动可以实现一种较完美的2）中景可以清晰地表现形体运动和情绪交流，有利于交待人与人、人与物之间的关系，所以常用来叙述剧情，是影视剧用的最多的景别。近景：表现成年人胸部以上部分或物体局部的画面。近景功用1）近景画面中人物脸上表情的变化尽显无遗，拉近了被摄人物与观众的距离，容易产生一种交流感2）新闻节目的播音员或主持人常以近景出现3）调动观众参与的电视节目尤其是娱乐节目，多用近景画面。特写：表现成年人肩部以上的头像或被摄对象细部的画面。特写功用1）可把近距离极微小的世界用特写画面放大呈现出来2）在叙事性段落中，用特写表现人物面部表情和眼神变化，从而反映出其思想活动和内心意念，推动故事情节进展3）用特写画面转场。拍摄方向：指摄像机镜头与被摄主体在水平平面上一周360°的相对位置，即正面拍摄、背面拍摄和侧面拍摄。正面拍摄功用1）有利于表现被摄对象的正面特征2）容易显示出庄重、严肃、静穆的气氛3）正面平角度拍摄人物，可看到人物完整的脸部特征和表情动作，有利于人物与观众面对面地交流，使观众容易产生参与感和亲切感。背面拍摄功用1）镜头拍摄的方向与被摄对象的视线方向一致，使观众产生与被摄对象有同一视线的主观效果。新闻记者采用这个角度表现追踪式记录或采访，具有很强的现场纪实效果2）观众不能直接看到画面中所拍人物的面部表情，具有一种不确定性和悬念感，能够激发观众的想象和好奇心。侧面拍摄功用
《迎来送往》教案 课题计划： 一、教材名称：《汉语听力教程》第三册第一课 二、学情分析：本课的教学对象为非学历短期来华留学生，适合准备考HSK 五级的学生，他们已经在中国生活过一段时间，可以用汉语完成生活、学习、工作等方面的基本交际任务。但是对于中国复杂又细致的交际礼节还很陌生，在日常交际中也可能会因为文化差异而产生一些交际习惯的误读。 三、教学目标： 1. 认知领域： （1）熟练掌握本课的生字和生词； （2）熟练掌握并实际运用本课的语言点； 2. 技能领域： （1）熟练掌握中国人日常交际打招呼、道别所用的句子及礼节； （2）学生能在日常生活中自然流利地运用本课所学词语及句子进行交谈。 3. 情感领域： 学生学会中国人基本的迎客、送客礼节并能在将来实际的生活中表现得体。4. 学习策略： （1）教师讲解生词及语言点，确保学生可以理解。 （2）引导学生听录音，完成相应的听力训练，重点难点部分反复听，帮助学生了解语段涵义。 四、教学设想： 1. 教学重点： （1）词语：基本生硬礼节主人急难得甚至 （2）语言点：“尽可能”的用法 2. 教学难点： “说……就……”结构 3. 课型教具：本课课型为小班教学的听力课，主要通过完成课本上的听力训练，掌握日常交际技能。辅助教具为黑板、多媒体、图片，实物展示等。
4. 课时安排：2个课时。 5. 作业检测：见“课时计划”。 五、教学后记：
课时计划： 第一课时 教学过程： 一、听力理解练习(10’) （一）听后选择正确答案： 听一遍录音，回答问题。学生完成后点名报答案，然后向学生展示听力原文。果然下雨了，天气预报还挺准的。 B 孩子想出国学习，我只好让他去了。 A 临毕业的时候再找工作可就来不及了。 A 看他躺在医院的病床上，我心里有说不出的难受。 C 这件事你们瞒得了我啊？ A 他跑着跑着一下子摔倒了。 B 早知道小张不去，我们就不给他买票了。 C 小王，再见，有事呼（page呼叫，Beep pager）我啊！ B 他现在忙着联系工作呢。 B 他今天这种结果多半是父母不正确的教育方法造成的。 C 二、听力理解练习(40’) （二）听下面的对话并做练习： 导入：(5’)你来中国以后，去过中国人家里吗？ 如果你去过，你离开他家的时候他会怎么做？会对你说什么？ 1. 读生词：(2’)先让学生认读，教师纠正发音；然后教师领读，注意难读和易错 的字词；讲解生词后再进行全班齐读。 jīběn shēnɡyìnɡlǐjiézhǔrén jínándéjǐnkěnénɡshènzhì 基本生硬礼节主人急难得尽可能甚至 2. 讲解生词：(3’) ★基本：（形）basic；fundamental 例：你应该学会一些~的汉语。
Unit 6-Conversation 1 Janet: What are you reading, Kate Kate:Alice in Wonderland, by Lewis Carroll. Do you know it Janet: I've heard of it, yes, but I've never read it. It's a 19th century children's story, isn't it K a te: That's right. It's very famous. It's set in Oxford. It starts with this young girl sitting on a river bank. The interesting thing is, the author, Lewis Carroll, he was an Oxford professor and he used to have tea with the girl's family on this river bank. Ja net: Oh, that's fascinating! I'll put it into my diary. Kate: Is that what you're writing I know you've been keeping a diary all the year. Janet: It's been a great year. I've had such a good time — so lucky to have Mark and Kate as friends. Feel I've been doing well with work. Much happier about asking questions in tutorials. Janet: My screen's gone dark. Mark: You're using the battery, remember. It's run out, obviously. Janet: It can't be the battery. It's still charged. Oh no it's still black. Oh dear, I hope it's nothing serious. I haven't backed anything up recently. Kate: That's not like you, Janet. Janet:I know, but I lost my memory stick. I really should have backed things up. How stupid of me not to do that! Supposing I've lost everything! Mark: Let me take a look. The power is still on. And also the operating system still seems to be working ... I think it has to be the graphics card ... But maybe that's not the problem ... Janet: If only I'd backed things up! Kate: Relax, Janet! We'll take it to the computer shop this afternoon. I'm sure it'll be OK. Janet: I hope so. Unit 6-Conversation 2 Janet: Tell me about Alice in Wonderland. Kate: I tell you what, I'll read it to you. Kate: Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank and having nothing to do: Once or twice, she had peeped into the book her sister was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in it, "and what is the use of a book," thought Alice, "without pictures or conversation" So she was considering in her own mind (as well as she could, for the hot day made her feel very sleepy and stupid) ... Janet: Kate, Mark, where are you going You've got my laptop! Kate: It's all right, Janet, we're taking it to the computer shop. We'll be back soon. Mark: It's not like Janet to forget to back up her work. Kate: She should have been more careful. Janet: It was stupid of me, I know! Stupid, stupid! Janet: Oh! It was a dream! What a relief! Kate: You were talking in your sleep. Janet: What was I saying Kate: "Stupid, stupid." M ark: I've sorted out your computer. Janet: Have you Oh, thank goodness! What was the problem Mark:It was the graphics card, as I predicted ... Janet: Is that what it was! I'm so relieved! Thanks, Mark. Kate: He's great, isn't he Janet: Yes. So are you, Kate. Kate: You're such a good friend. Unit 6-Outside view Computers are a very important part of our lives. They tell us about delays to transport. They drive trains, analyze evidence and control buildings. Did you know that 60 per cent of homes in Britain have got a PC (a personal computer) For many young people, playing computer games is their favorite way of spending spare time. Computers are a very important part of most areas of life in Britain-libraries, the police and in school. But they are becoming more important in our homes as well. They’ll even control the way we live-in “smart homes” or computer-controlled houses. The smart home is now a real possibility. It will become very common. A central computer will adjust the temperature, act as a burglar alarm and switch on lights, ready for you to come back home. And of course you will be able to give new instructions to the computer from your mobile phone. So if your plans change, your home will react to match. Many homes have got lots of televisions and several computers. The smart home will provide TV and Internet sockets in every room, so you’ll be able to do what you want whenever you want. If the temperature outside changes, the smart home will adjust the temperature levels inside. The computer will also close the blinds when it gets dark or to stop so much sun from entering a room. And if you want to eat when you get home, the computer will turn the oven on for you! Are computers taking over our lives In a survey, 44 per cent of young people between 11 and 16 said their PC was a trusted friend. Twenty per cent said they were happier at their computer than spending time with family or friends. Another survey found that people in Britain spend so much time on the phone, texting and reading emails that they no longer have time for conversation. What do you think about that Unit 6-Listening in
视听语言课程考试试卷A 一、名词解释 1．特写2．场面调度3．对比调度 4．人声5．声画同步6．理性蒙太奇 二、简答题 1．简要回答构图的基本原则。 2．谈谈剪辑的基本原则。 3．镜头运动的作用。 4．拍摄角度有哪些及其拍摄角度的作用。 三、论述题 1．试论述声画同步对非连贯性剪辑的影响。 2．电影的时空结构包括哪几大类，试举例分析。 视听语言课程试卷A参考答案 一、名词解释： 1．特写：特写指用以细腻表现人物或被摄物体细部特征的一个景别。有时候特写被应用于主观镜头，表现人物主观视点。 2．场面调度：本义指导演对演员在舞台上的表演活动、空间位置的安排与调度。引申到影视艺术中，场面调度获得了更丰富的可能性：它不仅关系到演员的调度，而且还涉及摄影机以及拍摄现场各部门、各元素的调度。 3．对比调度：在演员调度和镜头调度的具体处理上，可以运用各种对比形式，如动与静、快与慢的强烈对比，音响上强与弱的对比，或造型处理上明与暗、冷色与暖色、黑与白、前景与后景等等对比，则艺术效果会更加丰富多彩。 4．人声：指人在声音表达思想和喜怒哀乐等感情时所发出的各种声音。按表现方式不同，电影中的人声主要分成对话、独白和旁白三部分。 5．声画同步：也称声画合一，指影视中的声音和画面严格匹配，使发音的人或物体在银幕上与发声音保持同步进行的自然关系，使得画面中视像的发声动作和它发出的声音同时呈现、并且同时消失，两者吻合一致。 6．理性蒙太奇：爱森斯坦对杂耍蒙太奇进一步发展，提出理性电影的观念，追求电影富于激情的叙述和理性思想的传达。“理性蒙太奇理论的意义在于：理性电影是能够克服逻辑语言和形象语言之间的不协调的唯一手段。在电影辩证法的基础上，理性电影将不在是故事的电影，也不是轶闻的电影。更改电影将是概念的电影。它将是整个思想体系的直接表现。” 二、简答题 1、简要回答构图的重要原则。 ①平衡原则。根据人眼观察真实世界的的正常视觉经验，我们在构图时，需要尽量遵循平衡原则。画框内的构图，基本需要保持地平线的水平，各元素的重心基本能够位于画框中央或接近中央，各元素对比要让人感觉协调，但这也不是绝对的标准，需要依照情况而定。 ②变化原则。相对而言，人眼对不平衡的、富于变化与动态的构图更为敏感，如在一片相对静态的物体中，个别动态的物体就会首先吸引人的注意，平衡的构图中，如果重心突然发生改变，也会吸引人的注意，所以，有时候，我们利用变化原则，可以表达特定的内涵。 ③动态构图的原则。因为影像是活动的，相对于静态构图而言，动态构图在通常的点线面色光等要素之外，又加入运动这个因素。动态构图中，各元素在时刻发生变化，这与剪辑有很大的关联。 2．谈谈剪辑的基本原则。
Directions: In this section, you will hear several conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. A: How are you getting along, Julie B: After the vacation Much refreshed. A．It is interesting. B．It is tiring. C．It is exciting. D．It is refreshing. A: Why are you so cheerful while I'm so stressed all day B: Well, you should work off your stress. A．work not so hard B．work on easier problems C．eat healthy D．get rid of her stress I see you laughing all the time. B: Oh Eric. I'm ... reading a comic book. A: Comic book I didn't know you are interested in it. B: Well, it's a recent interest. When I was low in spirit three months ago, a friend gave me a comic book to read. And I became instantly addicted to such books. You know ... the pictures are so funny ... now I feel much better. A: I didn't know that. No wonder you are always in good spirits these days. B: Yes, and maybe you should read them, too, Eric. A: I ... I don't know. I'm just too busy with my thesis. It's for my master's degree and time is running out ... Ah, pretty much stress on me. B: Now you see Eric That's why you need to give yourself a break to read something amusing. It helps, I promise. A: Really Can reading comic books reduce your stress B: Of course. I'm a living example. Actually I'm having stress too ... you know, the tests, the job, things like that. But when reading the fun stuff, I just forgot all my worries. Later I find myself more powerful to deal with the issues in my life. A: That sounds magical. I'd like to try. Er ... what are you reading now B: Garfields, the cat. It's good. There's another one and you can borrow it. A: Oh, thank you, Penny. You're very helpful. Questions 3 to 5 are based on the conversation you have just heard. months ago, a friend gave Penny _____ when she was in low spirits. （岭师分享群4发布） A．a flower B．a comic book C．a comic DVD
电影的发明的目的是记录运动。运动是电影的本义。西方不管是商业片还是艺术片，运动成为其表达的最基本的习惯。 电影节奏感（外在）《后天》 行为，动作是电影的基本，形成情节，情节造就故事。看电影最吸引的不是思想，而是动作和行为。 节奏（节：休、停；奏：动）有规律的停动交替，按照一定方式衔接形成悬念。 《致命弯道》：音乐节奏感，细节，特写镜头造成紧张效果。 做电影要绷得住，张弛有度。穿帮镜头 《刺杀据点》电影的结构是可以松散的 《暗袭》视觉、听觉（通过色彩、镜头（数量和类型）以及景别的变化准确捕捉到导演的意图） 信息层次：前景、中景、后景的安排。 《惊声尖叫3》：警车增加现实感，很少是随机遇到的，进入电影里的任何画面都是有意而为之的。 舞台的演出的艺术质量永远在演出的过程当中。和电影有很大的差别。 当对话多的时候，利用多角度多镜头来表现，以免观众认为视频冗长。 动静结合、张弛有度。 （周传基网站：） 电影发明的目的，就是发明一种可以记录运动的机器。Cinema 人的眼睛喜欢看运动的东西，好莱坞运用各种方式缩短冗长感。失败例子：《夜宴》《满城尽带黄金甲》。 《日落黄沙》：节奏感，快切镜头，连续动作切分。 1、人的眼睛喜欢看“动”的事物。摄影机模拟人的眼睛，使用者会用它来捕捉运动。运动，就必须要要一个立体的空间。而实验也证明：人喜欢看立体的事物。制作者必须会设置，为各种运动提供一个立体的空间。我们必须研究观众是怎样“看”的，喜欢“看”什么？ （舞台演出，左右横移，观众只有固定视角，相当于一个平面，电影是立体的）
2、运动，可以分为外部的运动，比如车追车等；内部的变化，比如：光、天气、色彩、空间大小、声音（空间感）、人物关系、线条等。 《浪人》《致命武器》《越狱》《捉迷藏》 （商业电影：看运动，还要考虑摄影机运动的动机，也就是所谓的调度，要自然流畅） 《士兵之歌》真实自然的感觉。通过细节动作，如敲门拿钥匙，不额外占用荧幕的时间。和文学的叙事时间是有些区别的，文学思维是线性的。它在描述时，时间就被搁置了需要合理去安排。（摄影机的运动是创造含义的） 判断电影好坏的标准：一个是是否是立体的，有空间感，二是看能不能处理好运动。 《菊豆》在狭小的空间上捕捉到了丰富的运动，处理长宽高的空间感。 《染印厂印染机》解析：摄影师会拍，狭小的空间中捕捉到了三个纬度的运动：横向,垂直纵向（深）。即长宽高。他们构成了电影运动的特征：立体空间里的运动。 电影的幻觉：运动幻觉和立体幻觉；两者的关系，用运动幻觉来体现立体的幻觉。 声音也是间歇性的。 《非常嫌疑犯》1、人物动，镜头跟。2、运动的价值和作用。（转场，颜色影调，镜头运动可以交待人物出场。环境音响为摄影机的运动做了引导，这就是运动的动机，摄影机的运动带有一定的悬念性。自然合理的为摄影机运动提供了目的，有了新信息，才能动。车子跑是为了给摄影机提供动机，电影味道十足！） 3、剪辑。构图、色彩匹配，使影片流畅无缝；视线的匹配，静态的方式和静态的内容相结合。 电影不存在于胶片上，甚至不存在于荧幕上，而只存在于把它实现的思想之中。--蒙斯特堡 《云水谣》一个镜头第一格与最后一格最吸引人，动作一定要最精彩。影片开始交代场景设计的运动丰富，如景别变化，运动方向的变化 ，动机设计的特别好。高超的艺术！ 《黄飞鸿之英雄有梦》：摄影机运动的动力变化将场景交代特别好。 《人类之子》（客观视点／上帝视点，主观视点） 我国影片中的运动状况 1、漂亮的长宽高运动。 2、看不懂的电影的“评论家”。 3、创造含义的“黄土地”运动。
对外汉语教学中期考试 一年级上听力课《汉语听力教程·第一册》授课老师· 姓名成绩时间_________ 一、写出你听到的韵母To Write the Vowels According to What Y ou Heard.（每题2分，共20分） 1. b___ 2. p___ 3. d___ 4. t___ 5. k___ 6. g___ 7. j___ 8. q___ 9. z___ 10. g___ 二、写出听到的声母To Write the Consonants According to What Y ou Heard.（每题2分，共20分分） 1. _àn 2. _āng 3. _èn 4. _áng 5. _ìn 6. _ǐng 7. _ià 8. _ái 9. _iě10. _ué 三、听后选择你听到的音节，用√标在正确的答案。To Mark the Correct Answers in√after Y our Listening.（每题1分，共15分） 1. bāo zi 2. dàxué3、jīn tiān Páo zi dàxuějīn diàn 4、nǎxiē 5、rén mín 6、jīchǎng nàxiērén míng jùchǎng
7、èr jiě8、zázhì9、yīng yǔ ér qiězájìyín yú 10、shíshī11、lǜde 12、gēzi zhìzhǐnǚde gèzi 13、huìhuà14、guòchéng 15、huàr Fèi huàkuòchōng huār 四、听后选择你听到的句子，用√标在正确的答案。To Mark the Correct Answers in√after Y our Listening.（共15分，每题1分） 1. A. W?men gōngsī méiy?u wàiguó zhíyuán. B. W?men gōngsī méiy?u wàiguó zhīyuán. 2. A. N? néng bù néng j? yí ge l?zi? B. N? néng bù néng j? yí ge lìzi? 3. A. Jīn w?n n?xiērén chàng gē? B. Jīn w?n nàxiērén chàng gē. 4. A. W? juéde zhè h?n nánkàn. B. W? juéde zhè h?n nánkān. 5. A. W? diūle hóng qízi. B. W? diūle hóng qíz?r. 6. A. Qìchēy? h?n fāngbian. B. Qí chēy? h?n fāngbian.
一、填空题 1.（）被认为是世界电影诞生日，法国的（）被认为是电影的奠基人。2．美国的（）将镜头作为电影的基本组成单位，开创了完整视觉语言形成时期。3．光线按照光位划分包括（）、（）、（）、（）、（）。 4．场面调度包括（）和（）。 5．画面组接的连贯因素包括（）、（）、（）、（）。 6．主体动作剪辑方法主要包括（）、（）、（）。 7．场面转换技巧主要包括（）和（）两种。 8．在某一场景插入前一镜头某个人物的思绪或回忆的叙述手法是（）。 二、名词解释 1.似动现象 2.主观视角 3.无声 4.蒙太奇 5.景物镜头 6.场面调度 三、简答题 1.试举例说明，影像中的色彩有什么作用和意义 2.影视作品中的镜头按照作用和功能分为哪几类各有什么特点和作用 四、论述题 双人对话具有哪些典型机位组合试举例说明双人对话场面设计有哪些方式至少列出四种，并绘制简略机位图辅助说明。 五、综合题 运用所学过的视听语言知识，试写一个人物出场段的分镜头稿本。不限主题和题目，要体现出人物的特征和性格，并交代适当背景信息，镜头数量不超过20个。 片名______________________
《视听语言》参考答案 一、填空题 年12月28日卢米埃尔兄弟 2.大卫?格里菲斯 3.顺光、逆光、侧光、顶光、底光 4.演员调度镜头调度 5.逻辑因素、相似因素、缓冲因素、队列因素 6.分解法、增减法、错觉法 7.有技巧转场无技巧转场 8.闪回 二、名词解释 1.似动现象：格式塔心理学以完形原理对影像似动现象的心理学解释。影片的一幅幅静态画格以每秒16格或24格的速度连续呈现，会产生似动和深度感的幻觉，这不仅是由于生理的视觉暂留现象，而且还有赖于把影像组织成更高层次的动作整体的“完形”过程，是大脑积极参与认同的结果。 2.主观视角：摄影机直接代表某一剧中人物的视点，是将观众直接引入剧情的有力手段之一。 3.无声：又叫做“静场”，相当于声音的定格，强调着某一时刻的心理冲击，在表现能 力 上有时胜过最强大的音效。 4.蒙太奇：来自法语，愿意为建筑学上的构成、装配，借用到电影艺术中有组接、构成的意思。在电影中，蒙太奇是指创作者根据影片表现需要，运用艺术手段和技巧，将镜头、场面、段落等按照一定关系进行重新组合，从而产生一定意义，这种构成一部影片的表现方法称为蒙太奇。 5.景物镜头：又叫空镜头，通常指画面中没有人物的镜头。在时空转换和调整节奏等方面具有独特作用。 6.场面调度：来自法语，意为“摆在适当的位置”或“放在场景中”，开始应用于舞台 剧， 后应用到电影创作。场面调度主要是指导演根据剧本所提供的内容对画框内事物的安排，包括演员调度和镜头调度两部分。 三、简答题 （一）试举例说明，影像中的色彩有什么作用和意义 1.形成视觉基调。色彩整体基调效果是一部影片色彩构成的总倾向，也是一种色彩或几种相近色彩所构成的主导色调。色彩的倾向性的形成有助于形成一定的视觉基调和视觉风格，从而产生象征意义、渲染意境并引起共鸣。
《左邻右舍》教案 课题计划： 一、教材名称：《汉语听力教程》第三册第二课 二、学情分析：本课的教学对象为非学历短期来华留学生，适合准备考HSK 五级的学生，他们已经在中国生活过一段时间，可以用汉语完成生活、学习、工作等方面的基本交际任务。但是对于中国复杂又细致的交际礼节还很陌生，在日常交际中也可能会因为文化差异而产生一些交际习惯的误读。 三、教学目标： 1. 认知领域： （1）熟练掌握本课的生字和生词； （2）熟练掌握并实际运用本课的语言点； 2. 技能领域： （1）熟练掌握中国人日常交际打招呼、道别所用的句子及礼节； （2）学生能在日常生活中自然流利地运用本课所学词语及句子进行交谈。 3. 情感领域： 学生学会中国人基本的迎客、送客礼节并能在将来实际的生活中表现得体。4. 学习策略： （1）教师讲解生词及语言点，确保学生可以理解。 （2）引导学生听录音，完成相应的听力训练，重点难点部分反复听，帮助学生了解语段涵义。 四、教学设想： 1. 教学重点： （1）词语：基本生硬礼节主人急难得甚至 （2）语言点：“尽可能”的用法 2. 教学难点： “说……就……”结构 3. 课型教具：本课课型为小班教学的听力课，主要通过完成课本上的听力训练，掌握日常交际技能。辅助教具为黑板、多媒体、图片，实物展示等。
4. 课时安排：2个课时。 5. 作业检测：见“课时计划”。 五、教学后记：
课时计划： 第一课时 教学过程： 一、听力理解练习(10’) （一）听后选择正确答案： 听一遍录音，回答问题。学生完成后点名报答案，然后向学生展示听力原文。果然下雨了，天气预报还挺准的。 B 孩子想出国学习，我只好让他去了。 A 临毕业的时候再找工作可就来不及了。 A 看他躺在医院的病床上，我心里有说不出的难受。 C 这件事你们瞒得了我啊？ A 他跑着跑着一下子摔倒了。 B 早知道小张不去，我们就不给他买票了。 C 小王，再见，有事呼（page呼叫，Beep pager）我啊！ B 他现在忙着联系工作呢。 B 他今天这种结果多半是父母不正确的教育方法造成的。 C 二、听力理解练习(40’) （二）听下面的对话并做练习： 导入：(5’)你来中国以后，去过中国人家里吗？ 如果你去过，你离开他家的时候他会怎么做？会对你说什么？ 1. 读生词：(2’)先让学生认读，教师纠正发音；然后教师领读，注意难读和易错 的字词；讲解生词后再进行全班齐读。 jīběn shēnɡyìnɡlǐji?zhǔr?n jínánd?jǐnkěn?nɡshanzhì 基本生硬礼节主人急难得尽可能甚至 2. 讲解生词：(3’) ★基本：（形）basic；fundamental 例：你应该学会一些~的汉语。
Unit 1 Starting out Outside view Julie My name's Julie Dearden, and I'm the Director of International Programmes here at Hertford College. Eugene My name's Eugene Berger, I studied here in Oxford for four years er, studying modern languages at Somerville College. Julie Oh, there are many Oxford traditions. Oxford is a very old university, the oldest English-speaking university in the, in the world. And so there are many traditions which are associated with the colleges, with the times of the year, and with sport, and with eating, for example. Eugene Each college is very different um, from um, the others, and it has its own character. Some colleges are very conservative, and some are much more liberal and have a tradition of um, kind of liberal politics. But there are also some specific traditions. Julie Formal Hall is when we all eat together here in college, the professors and the students. Usually it takes places at seven o'clock in the evening, and the professors sit on high table which is the table over here, and the students sit on common table, which are the tables here. But everybody eats together. It's a very beautiful evening because there are, there's a special meal and we eat by candlelight. Eugene I think er, the traditions that make Oxford so unique are firstly the Oxford Union and er, secondly, May Day. The Oxford Union being a debating society where speakers come from all around the world to address the students and even allow themselves to be questioned by the students, making it a very interesting forum. Julie My favourite is er, May Day. And May Day is the first day of May, and we have a tradition called May Morning, and on May Morning everybody gets up very early and the students have a celebration. There is a choir which sings on top of the tower at Magdalen College and all the people of the town and all the students go to listen to the singing. So it's very nice. Eugene The tradition that er, was most important to me was probably Summer Eights. I was a rower. And Summer Eights is a rowing competition, held in May in the summer term. And in this competition, each college is trying to improve its place which it won the previous year and gradually work its way up the river. Julie When the students take exams, they must go to a special building and it's called Examination Schools. And also they must wear a special uniform, so they wear E.gown like mine, a black gown, and they wear a white shirt, arid the men wear a white tie and black trousers. The women wear a white shirt and a black skirt or black trousers. And they must wear this uniform, which has a Latin name - sub fuse — and they must wear this uniform in order to take their examinations. Eugene I think the Oxford traditions lend character to the place and it's such an old institution, it should have traditions, but they can be very inconvenient. For example, sub fuse. This is the uniform that we are required according to the university rules, to wear. Julie They also wear flowers in their buttonholes, and those flowers are carnations. And they wear different colours, the students wear different coloured flowers for different examinations. So when you take your first exam you wear a white flower, and when you take your second exam you wear a pink flower, and when you take your final examination you wear a red carnation. Eugene So we have to dress up in a full black suit, starched collar, white bow tie and carry a mortarboard. And to write an exam in the summer heat whilst wearing all that which you're not allowed to take off is um, uncomfortable. Julie I really like the Oxford traditions, I think it's part of our history, and part of um, being a student or a teacher here at Oxford University. Listening in Passage 1 Interviewer Can you tell me something about the Ivy League? You're a professor at Harvard, is that right?