② I will wait for you at the school gate. 我要在校门口等你。
3．表语：表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于连系动词之后，与连系动词一起构成句子的谓语。
① He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。
② She is a clever girl. 她是一位聪明的女孩。
4．宾语：指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词之后。
① He wrote many plays.他写了许多剧本。
② She loves swimming.她喜欢游泳。
5．宾语补足语：用来对宾语进行补充和说明，一般由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。
① I've never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。
② I wish you a happy weekend. 我祝愿你周末愉快。
6．定语：对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明，一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、非谓语动词及句子等充当，位置可在所修饰的词之前，也可在所修饰的词之后。
① It's an interesting story. 那是一个有趣的故事。
② Do you have time to help us? 你有时间帮助我们吗？
7．状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等，一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语或句子充当。
① We like English very much. 我们非常喜欢英语。
② Her uncle lives in Canada. 她叔叔住在加拿大。
③ She was lying in bed reading. 她躺在床上看书。
8．同位语：若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且句法功能也一样，那么后一项称为前一项的同位语。
①We students should study hard. 我们学生应该努力学习。
②Li Hua, a middle school student, comes from the USA. 李华是一名来自美国的中学生。
二、八种基本句式
句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子，其实英语中最基本的句式只有八种，其他各种句式都是由这八种基本句式演变而来。
八种基本句式如下：
①主语＋谓语(不及物动词)；
②主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语；
③主语＋系动词＋表语；
④主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语；
⑤主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语；
⑥主语＋谓语(不及物动词)＋状语；
⑦主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋状语；
⑧There be...
[句式一]主语＋谓语(不及物动词)
该句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点为：句子的谓语动词能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫作不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
How time
主语flies
谓语
！时间过得真快呀！
And I
主语can play
谓语
outside too! 我也可以在外面玩耍。
[即学即练1]单句写作
(1)为了保持健康，我们应该定期锻炼。
In order to keep healthy，we_should_exercise_every_day.
(2)火车已离开了。
The_train_has_left.
(3)你必须快点起床去赶早班车。
(1)There_is_a_young_man waiting for you at the school gate.
有一个年轻人在校门口等你。
(2)There_is_a_spelling_mistake in the sentence.
这个句子里有个拼写错误。
小试牛刀
Ⅰ.按照要求，写出下列加黑句子的成分
1．The theatre tickets have sold out.(主语)
2．This kind of cloth washes well.(状语)
3．What you said just now made me very happy.(宾补)
4．Could you give me the letter？(宾语)
5．I will study hard to learn English well.(谓语)
6．Professor Smith, our math teacher, will return to his country tomorrow.(同位语) 7．As far as I know, Mary is a good student.(表语)
8．He is a very kind lady.(定语)
Ⅱ.写出下列句子所属的类型
1．In other words, we are the master of our own future.
答案：主语＋系动词＋表语
2．This morning our teacher told us something about the Hope Project in class.
答案：主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
3．An old man was walking slowly and carefully.
答案：主语＋谓语(不及物动词)＋状语
4．Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.
答案：主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语
5．Friends made my life full of excitement.
答案：主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语
6．The sun was shining.
答案：主语＋谓语(及物动词)
7．The boss made him do the work day and night.
答案：主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语
(名词短语my best friend的构成形式为：限定词＋形容词＋名词，该短语在句中充当表语)
⑤ There are some red roses on that small table. 在那张小餐桌上有一些红玫瑰。
(名词短语some red roses的构成形式为：限定词＋形容词＋名词＋介词短语，该短语在句中充当主语；that small table也是名词短语，在句中作介词on的宾语)
[即学即练1]写出下列句中的名词短语构成形式及在句中所作成分
如：In my opinion, dancing is an exciting art form.
构成形式：限定词＋形容词＋名词＋名词；作表语
(1)The red clothes with five yellow stars are mine.
构成形式：限定词＋形容词＋名词＋介词短语；作主语
(2)They made him chairman of the meeting.
构成形式：名词＋介词短语；作宾补
(3)Miss Li, our math teacher, is very young.
构成形式：_限定词＋名词＋名词；作同位语
(4)The first young man is a bus driver.
The first young man是：限定词＋序数词＋形容词＋名词；作主语
a bus driver是：限定词＋名词＋名词；作表语
二、形容词短语(Adjective Phrases)
形容词短语：指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于形容词，可以修饰名词或代词，还可以用作表语或者宾语补足语。常见形容词短语的构成形式有：副词＋形容词如：very suitable
形容词＋enough如：good enough
形容词＋介词短语如：good for nothing
副词＋形容词＋介词如：well worthy of praise
① I'm very glad to see you. 我见到你很高兴。
(副词＋形容词，作表语)
② Your room is large and beautiful. 你的房间大且美丽。
(形容词＋and/but＋形容词，该短语在句中充当表语)
③The most beautiful tourist attraction in China is Mount Huang. 中国最美丽的旅游景点是黄山。
(副词＋形容词，该短语在句中作定语修饰名词tourist attraction)
④ A good friend is someone who makes you really happy. 好朋友就是能让你真正高兴的人。
(副词＋形容词，该短语在句中作宾语补足语)
⑤Cold and hungry, he stopped working and went home.
(形容词＋and＋形容词，该短语在句中作状语)
⑥ The little boy is old enough to go to school.
(形容词＋副词，该短语在句中充当表语)
[即学即练2]写出下列句中的形容词短语构成形式及在句中所作成分
如：It is less cold today than it was yesterday.
构成形式：副词＋形容词；作表语
(1) I find English very hard to learn.
构成形式：副词＋形容词；作宾语补足语
(2) Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.
构成形式：副词＋and＋副词＋形容词；作表语
(3) The road is long enough.
构成形式：形容词＋副词；作表语
(4) The medicine is good for stomach.
构成形式：形容词＋介词短语；作表语
(5)He looked very worried.
构成形式：副词＋形容词；作表语
三、副词短语(Adverb Phrases)
副词短语：指以一个副词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于副词，可以修饰动词、形容词或副词。常见副词短语的构成形式为：
(副词)＋副词如：much more beautifully
① She is by no means poor. In fact, he is quite rich.
(副词quite修饰形容词rich)
② Bill did the work very well. 比尔的工作做得很好。
(副词very修饰副词well，副词短语very well修饰动词did)
③ We are all entirely responsible for our actions. 我们都要对自己的行为负全部责任。
(副词all修饰副词entirely副词短语all entirely修饰形容词短语responsible for)
④Luckily, I will have enough spare time to take part in the activity. 幸运的是，我将有足够的时间参加活动。
(副词Luckily作状语修饰整个句子)
[即学即练3]画出下列句中的副词短语
(1)I have completely forgotten your birthday.
(2)Finally, I have made up my mind to join the club.
(3)You are driving too fast. Could you drive less slowly?
(4)Strangely enough, she didn't seem to like ballet very much.
(5)The horse ran quite slowly, so they arrived very late.
答案：(1)completely(2)Finally(3)too fast; less slowly(4)Strangely enough; very much(5)quite slowly very late
小试牛刀
Ⅰ.写出下列加黑词的句法功能
1．The tallest boy in our class is Li Lei.(限定词＋形容词＋名词；作主语)
2．She studies English very hard.(副词＋副词；作状语)
3．Tom carefully wrote some letters to his friends.(形容词＋名词；作宾语)
4．I'd like to go to coffee shop this weekend.(名词＋名词；作宾语)
5．Surprisingly, he refused our offer.(副词作状语)
6．He looked very worried.(副词＋形容词；作表语)
7．Corn is a useful plant that can be eaten by both people and animals.(限定词＋形容词＋名词；作表语)
8．John, an old friend of mine, comes from America.(限定词＋形容词＋名词＋介词短语；作同位语)
(1)我们正在等你。
We are_waiting (wait) for you.
(2)格林先生在写另一部小说。
Mr. Green is_writing (write) another novel.
(3)他总是先想着别人。
He is always_thinking (think) of others first.
二、现在进行时表示将来的用法
1．动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等的现在进行时可以表示将来的动作，常有“意图”“安排”或“打算”的含义。这种用法比较生动，给人一种期待感。它常表示最近或较近的将来会发生的动作。
They are coming here this afternoon. 他们今天下午来这儿。
When are you leaving? 你们什么时候动身？
2．除上述动词外，还有一些动词也可用现在进行时表示将来。
I'm meeting you after class. 下课后我要见你。
3．偶尔也表示较远的将来。
When I grow up, I'm joining the army. 我长大了要参军。
4．现在进行时也可用在时间、条件或原因状语从句中表示将来。
If they are not going, I won't go, either. 如果他们不去，我也不去。
[即学即练2]完成句子
(1)我明天要动身去北京。
I am_leaving_for Beijing tomorrow.
(2)他什么时候到车站？
When is_he_getting_to/arriving_at the station?
(3)下星期天你打算干什么？
What are_you_doing next Sunday?
(4) 我妈妈不久将给我买辆自行车。
My mother is_buying me a bike soon.
三、其他几种表示将来的结构
1．will/shall do表示单纯将来，可用于说话时才想到或决定的事。
Tomorrow will be Sunday. 明天就是星期天了。
2．be going to do用来表示近期或事先考虑要发生的事情以及有迹象表明将要发生的事。
The storm seems to be coming quickly. 看起来暴风雨很快就要来了。
3．be to do表示预定、按计划或安排将要发生的动作。
They are to get married next month. 他们下个月就要结婚了。
4．be about to do意为“刚要，正要”，表示非常近的将来。be about to do不能和表示将来时间的副词连用。
She was about to leave when some guests came. 她刚要离开，这时来了一些客人。5．一般现在时也可以表示将来。通常用于状语从句中或按规定(时刻表、计划表、日程表等)将要发生的动作。
The next plane leaves at 6：00 p．m. 下一趟航班晚上6点起飞。
[名师点津]: 其中有一些动词一般不用于进行时。
(1)表示人的心理状态、情感的动词want, mind, wish, recognize, know, understand, hate, fear等。
(2) 表存在或位置的词：remain, stand等。
(3) 表示知觉的动词：see, hear, notice, smell等。
(4) 表示所属的词或短语：have, possess, own, consist of，belong to等。
(5) 表示暂时性的动词：accept, allow, decide, promise等。
[即学即练3]用所给词的适当形式填空
(1)She will_come (come) back next week.
(2)The wedding is to_take (take) place next Sunday.
(3)He as well as his parents is_going (go) to attend a party to be held this weekend.
小试牛刀
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The telephone is_ringing (ring). Would you answer it, please?
2．He is always doing (do)things for others, so everyone has high praise for him.
3．He is_writing (write) a book about his experiences in Africa these days.
一起，是吗？
3．当陈述部分是“there be＋主语＋其他”结构时，反意疑问部分要用“be＋there”结构。
There are some apples in the box, aren't there? 盒子里有些苹果，是吗？
4．陈述部分为祈使句时
(1)祈使句为肯定形式时，若表示“请求”，简短问句通常用will you；若表示“邀请，劝说”，简短问句用won't you。
①Give me a hand, will you? 帮我一把，好吗？(表示“请求”)
②Come to have supper with us this evening, won't you? 今晚跟我们一起吃饭，好吗？(表示“邀请”)
(2)祈使句为否定形式时，简短问句通常用will you。
③Don't make so much noise, will you? 别弄出这么多噪音，好吗？
(3)如果祈使句以let's开头，简短问句用shall we；如果祈使句以let us或let me开头，简短问句用will you。
④Let's try another way, shall we? 我们试试别的方法，好吗？
⑤Let us know your address, will you? 请把你的地址告诉我们，好吗？
5．陈述部分为含有宾语从句的主从复合句时
(1)一般情况：当陈述部分是含有宾语从句的主从复合句时，简短问句的谓语动词和主语通常和主句中的谓语动词和主语分别保持一致。
①They know that he is from England, don't they? 他们知道他来自英国，是吗？
(2)特殊情况：
若陈述部分为：“I/We think/believe/suppose/consider/...＋宾语从句”，简短问句的谓语和主语与宾语从句的谓语和主语分别保持一致，且简短问句用否定形式。
②We believe she can do it better, can't she? 我们相信她能做得更好，是吗？
(3)若陈述部分为“I/We don't think/believe/suppose/consider/...＋宾语从句”，简短问句的主语和谓语与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致，且简短问句用肯定形式。
③I don't think that you can do it, can you? 我认为这件事你做不了，是吗？
④We don't believe that the news is true, is it? 我们认为消息不实，是吗？
(4)若陈述部分为“主语(非第一人称)＋think/believe/suppose/consider/...＋宾语从句”，简短问句的主语和谓语由主句决定。
⑤They all think that English is very useful, don't they? 他们都认为英语很重要，是
高一英语必修一知识点最新归纳5篇 高中阶段学习难度、强度、容量加大，学习负担及压力明显加重，不能再依赖初中时期老师“填鸭式”的授课，“看管式”的自习，“命令式”的作业，要逐步培养自己主动获取知识、高一英语必修一知识点总结1 各种时态的被动语态 被动语态概述 被动语态的概念：它是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的执行或被执行关系。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，例如：They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者，例如：The little boy was seen crying by the river. 被动语态的构成 被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态等的不同而变化。几种常见时态的被动语态形式如下：
1. 一般现在时am/is/are + 过去分词 例如：Rice is planted in the south of China. 2. 一般过去时was/were + 过去分词 例如：These trees were planted the year before last. 3. 一般将来时will/shall + be + 过去分词 例如：A sports meeting will be held next week in our school. 4. 现在进行时am/is/are + being + 过去分词 例如：Your radio is being repaired now. 5. 过去进行时was/were + being + 过去分词 When he got there, the problem was being discussed. 6. 现在完成时have/has + been + 过去分词 His work has been finished. Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t. 7. 过去完成时had + been + 过去分词 注意： 1.除了be之外的其它系动词如get, stay等也可以和过去分词构成被动语态。例如：Their qu estions haven’t got answered.
高中英语必修四语法、词汇、完型、理解综合提升训练Ⅰ. 语法和词汇知识 1. His proposal is very _____. We do not need any explanation. A. abstract B. faithful C. loyal D. concrete 2. Be ____ to finish your homework before supper. A. shy B. sure C. nervous D. serious 3. Food supplies may ________ towards the end of the trip, so we can’t waste any food. A. run out B. run up C. run in D. run away 4. Waste paper, waste glass, and waste iron can all be _____. A. made B. taken C. recorded D. recycled 5. I rely ____ her to pay back the money. A. to B. for C. on D. at 6. To keep the town clean, the truck ____ garbage is prevented ____ entering the town. A. loaded with; 不填 B. loading with; from C. loaded of; from D. loading of; 不填 7. She was _____ for helping the murderer to escape. A. searched B. brought C. arrested D. determined 8. He made a living ___ teaching.
必修三知识点汇总Module 1 Europe 重要短语： because of因为 thanks to由于；多亏了 due to/owing to由于 as a result of由于…的结果be covered by/with be known for/as/to make A out of B用B制成A make A into B/be made of work on从事/做…工作；忙于 have…in common refer to参考/指的是/涉及/适用于 have control over/of对…有控制 权 Beyond control无法控制 under control被控制住 out of control 失去控制 in the control of由…控制/管理/负责 lose control of对…失去控制 have a population of有多少人口 little by little渐渐地 in one’s thirties compare A with/and B比较A和B compare…to…把…比作…. compared with/to…与…比较起来 belong to increase(reduce) to/by in terms of根据/从…方面来说/从…的观点in the long/short term就长/短期而言 come to terms=make terms达成协议，和好bring sb. to terms使某人接收条件 be on good/bad terms with sb.与某人交情好/不好be faced with面临，面对 face to face along the coast off the coast在(离开海面的)海岸上 ever since自从/一直 on the one /other hand一方面/另一方面 be located in=lie in=be situated in坐落于There+be/exist/lie/stand/appear+主…有…存在（be）opposite to在…对面，与…相反just the opposite恰恰相反 keep a cool head保持头脑清醒 lose one’s head惊慌失措，失去理智 head for朝着…前进 get into a difficult situation陷入困难的状况get out of a difficult situation摆脱困难的状况save the situation挽回局势 重要句型： 1. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. one of the +形容词最高级+ 可数名词复数最。。。。之一 2. Portugal is to the west of Spain. ①表示位置: A is/lies in/on/to/off the+方向+of B A is located/situated in/on/to/off the+方向+of B ②位置+距离: A is (about)+距离+（to the）+方向+of B in ,on和to表地理方位的区别 （1）表示A在B的范围内（2）强调A和B两地接壤时，用on.（3）A在B的范围之外，两者之间没有所属关系时用to。如：Our school is to the west of the hospital.我们学校在医院的西面。 3. on the coast和off the coast on表示“位于河畔或铁路，公路及海岸等沿线上”；off表示“稍离陆地，在沿岸的海里”。如： 4. 表示倍数的四种句型： 1）This bridge is 3 times longer than that one.这座桥比那座桥长3倍。 2) This bridge is 4 times as long as that one这座桥是那座桥的4倍长。 3）A is … times the size/length/width/height/depth of B This room is 3 times the size of that one.这间房间的大小是那间的3倍。 4) A + v. …times as many/much + n.+ as B The factory has produced 3 times as many cars as it did last year. 这个厂今年的汽车产量是去年的3倍。 语法要求： 一：一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态
第一讲定语从句 一关键词 定语从句：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 先行词：定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。 关系词：关系词用来引导定语从句。关系词有关系代词和关系副词之分。关系代词有that, which, who，whom，whose，as等；关系副词有when，where，why等。 关系词可以1) 代替先行词；2) 引导定语从句；3)在定语从句中担当一个成分。 例如：The car which my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.句中，the car 为先行词；which是关系词引导是定语从句which my uncle had just bought，同时代替先行词the car在定语从句中作主语。 1.关系代词引导的定语从句 who指人，在定语从句中作主语。 whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。 which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可省略。 that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 whose 通常指人，有时也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 Note: whose指物时，常用of which结构来代替： 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词要和先行词的性、数保持一致。 注意：which和as引导非限制性定语从句时，有时并没有特定的先行词，而是代表前面说的整个情况。这时which和as 被看作单数，译作“这一点”，其后的谓语动形式用单数形式。如：He said he was a Frenchman，which／as was not true. 但须注意，as引导的这种定语从句可置于主句之前，which引导的这种定语从句只置于主句之后。如：As is known to all，China is a socialist country. China is a socialist country, as/which is known to all. 2.关系副词引导的定语从句 when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。 介词+关系代词 1)根据动词选择介词。I don't know the foreigner with whom my teacher shook hands.（或I don't know the foreigner whom my teacher shook hands with.) Note: who和that不能直接位于介词后作宾语；有的短语动词是不能拆开的，常见的这类短语有：look for，look after等。
精心整理U1 addsth.up把……加起来 addsth.tosth.把……加到/进……里 addupto加起来共计/达(不用于被动语态) Concerningsth=Regardingsth关于，某事 gothroughahardtime经历了一段困难时期 gothroughthebaggage检查行李 gothroughthenewspaper浏览报纸 gothroughlotsofmoney花了很多钱
setdowntheideasonpaper把想法写在纸上setmedownatthebus-stop在车站让我下车aseriesof onpurpose=bydesign故意 byaccident=bychance偶然，碰巧 sufferfrom因……而痛苦,患……病sufferfromloneliness因孤独而痛苦sufferfromabadcold得了重感冒 遭受,蒙受(痛苦、饥饿、寒冷、损失等) sufferaheavyloss遭受严重损失
sufferpain/hunger/cold/death遭受痛苦;饥饿;寒冷;死亡 sufferern.受苦者 sufferingn.痛苦,苦难 recoverfromillness betiredof(doing)sth厌烦做某事 betiredfrom(doing)sth因做某事很累 Tellhimthatheshouldhavestudied.本该做却没做Doyouwantafriendwhomyoucouldtelleverythingto,likeyourdeepestfeelingsandthoug hts?定语从句 HerfamilywasJewishsonearlytwenty-fivemonthsbeforetheywerediscovered. abouteverythingtodowithnature.不定式作后置定语
第一单元语法 主谓一致 主谓一致是指： 1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语， 一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。 1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。 2 主谓一致中的就近原则 1) 当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。 2）当either?or?与neither?nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。 3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。 4 谓语需用单数 1）代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。 2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。 3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可，意思不变）。 5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数 1）在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。 2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。 但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。 3）有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。 A number of +名词复数+复数动词。 The number of +名词复数+单数动词。 A number of books have lent out. The majority of the students like English. population的谓语动词形式与表语一致，一般来说与分数，百分数连用时，谓语动词用复数。 6 与后接名词或代词保持一致 1）用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词，代词保持一致。 2）在一些短语，如many a 或more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than? of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。 7 在定语从句中主语是关系代词who , that , which , 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。
Grammar Teaching Goals: 1. To check what has been learned yesterday. 2. To enable Ss to master some new words and expressions. 3. To get Ss to have knowledge of the grammar point: the model verb Teaching Procedures: Step 1. Revision 1. Ask Some Ss to retell the reading text. 2. Ask Ss to answer the following question to see whether they did their homework or not. How many festivals are mentioned in our text? Step 2. Word study Purpose: To consolidate the words and phrases in the text. Finish Ex1 Purpose: To enable Ss to master some new words and expressions. Ex2 Many people think that Christmas is a western __________, but in fact it is really a worldwide holiday. Christmas actually as a _______ festival celebrated by _________ around the world. Its ______ is around the 3rd or 4th century AD, when the _______ of remembering Jesus’ birth on December 25th first started. Today, of course, many people celebrate Christmas __________ it were just a holiday to ______________ family, rather than a holiday about a
人教版必修一各单元知识点总结Unit One Friendship 一、重点短语 1.go through 经历，经受 get through 通过；完成；接通电话 2. set down 记下，放下 3. a series of 一系列 4. on purpose 有目的的 5. in order to 为了 6. at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻 7. face to face 面对面 8. fall in love 爱上 9. join in 参加（某个活动）； take part in 参加（活动） join 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员） 10. calm down 冷静下来 11. suffer from 遭受 12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦 13. be concerned about 关心 14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽 15. be good at/do well in 擅长于… 16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是… 17. no longer / not …any longer 不再… 18. too much 太多（后接不可数n.） much too 太…(后接adj.) 19. not…until 直到…才 20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心 21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为… make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 二、语法----直接引语和间接引语 概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。
高中英语人教版必修一知识点总结 Unit 1 Friendship Unit 2 English around the world Unit 3 Tracel journal Unit 4 Earthquakes Unit 5 Nelson Mandela - a modern hero 第一单元 1）add vt/vi加；添加；增添 add up合计加起来，但在口语中有时用于否定句，表示“莫名其妙，不说明问题”。add up to 总计共达，所有一切都说明，总而言之。 add sth（to sth）把……加到……里去。 add to 增加，扩建。 add 表示“继续说，补充说”。 区别add和increase add意思是“加，增加”，强调添加。或者表示将数字加起来求和。 increase“增加”，表示在数量，产量，尺寸，程度等方面的增加。 2）cheat v 欺骗；作弊n 骗子；作弊者；骗人的事 cheat sb of sth cheat sth out of sb 从某人处欺诈某物 cheat on/at/in 作弊，欺诈 3)list v 将事物列于表上；编事物的目录n 名单；目录；一览表 make a list of 造表，列……表 take…off the list 从表上去掉…… stand first on the list 居首位，列前茅 as listed above 如上所列 3）share share in 分享，分担，共用 share sth with sb 和某人共用/共享某事物 share out 分配，分发；得到股息，升股息 share（n.）in/of 一分，部分 4）trust vi/vt 信任，信赖；依赖 trust in 相信，信任，信仰 trust to 依靠（运气等），依赖 trust that… 希望，想 5）suffer vt/vi 遭受，受到，蒙受；受痛苦，受折磨，受惩罚，受损伤 suffer from 受……伤害；患……病痛 注意：suffer 和suffer from 都不能用于被动语态 6）calm vt/vi/adj. 使平静；使镇定。平静的，镇静的，沉着的。 calm down 平静下来，镇定下来 quite指人对外界事物感触的安静。对人时，侧重不激动，平静温和，不发表意见。still指完全没有声音或者没有动静，突然静止不动。 silent主要指人不爱说话，沉默不语。 7）concern
Unit4 Body language语法篇 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 要求学生掌握本单元的重点语法----动词的-ing形式作定语和状语并能熟练运用相关语法知识解决相应类型的题。 一、动词的-ing形式由“动词原形+ing形式”构成，它既是现在分词形式，也是动名词形式。v-ing 能在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。其时态和语态的变化为 二、动词-ing形式的作用 1.动词-ing形式作定语 E.g. The sleeping baby looks very beautiful. (前置定语)这位正在睡觉的婴儿看起来太漂亮了。 E.g. The man sitting in the car is waiting for his daughter. (后置定语)坐在车里的男子正在等他的女儿。 E.g. The law being carried out is to ban drunken driving.(后置定语，强调正在被执行的法律) 正在执行中的这则法律旨在禁止酒后驾驶。 名师点拨 (1)现在分词短语作定语时通常后置，而单个的分词作定语时可置于被修饰词的前面，也可置于被修饰词的后面。 (2)现在分词的完成时的主动及被动形式均不作后置定语。 2．动词-ing形式作状语。 (1)作时间状语。 E.g. Working in the office，the clerk heard an explosion from the street. 在办公室工作时，这位职员听到街上发出了爆炸声。 E.g. Having finished her homework，the girl was busy with the thing she likes. 完成了家庭作业，女孩就忙于做她喜欢做的事情。 名师点拨 动词-ing形式一般式常表示该动作与句子谓语动作同时发生，而动词－ing形式的完成式则表示该
必修3第3单元单词短语讲解 1.Bet bet [bet] n. 赌, 打赌 1). 打赌[(+on)] Let's have a bet on the result of the election. 让我们就选举结果打个赌吧! 2). 赌金,赌注 3). 意见,猜测[+(that)] My bet is that she won't refuse his invitation. 我认为她不会拒绝他的邀请。 You shouldn't make bets = (make a bet打赌) against him v. 赌, 赌钱 1）. I bet you don't know who won the game last night. 我肯定你不知道昨晚谁赢了比赛。 2）. He bet twenty dollars on me to win the fight. 在口语中I bet =I’m sure 我肯定 I bet it will rain tomorrow !我肯定明天会下雨！ 2.scene n. 现场, 场面, 情景, 景色, 发生地点, [戏剧]一场, 布 景, 道具布置
3.tale故事；传说 A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》 4.permit/ allow allow /permit这两个词的意义与用法相近。其句型为： 1、allow/permit sth 2、allow/permit sb to do sth 3、allow/permit doing sth 如：①This plant allows one hour for lunch. 这家工厂允许一个小时的吃饭时间。 ②He would not permit the waste of a single grain. 他不允许浪费一粒粮食。 ③They don't allow/permit people to smoke in the offices． ④We don't allow/permit smoking in the offices． ⑤Talking loudly is not allowed/permitted in the library. permission是permit的名词形式 5.go ahead本意“前进” 6.go ahead“随便，请自便”“继续”着手做某事；尽管去做；不要 等（常用于祈使句） 7.“May I ask you a question”“Yes，go ahead．”“我可以问
高一英语必修一、二【北师大版】语法汇总 定语从句 1. 定语从句的结构及理解 2. 定语从句的关系词的使用 3. 定语从句的简化表达 知识总结归纳 （一）定语从句的结构：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词，它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接，这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词（关系代词或关系副词：that, which, who, whose, when, where, why）。先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状语。 结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。 1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her. 2. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money. 3. A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme. 4. The park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia. 5. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie. 6. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story. （二）定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句： 限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句义显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连。 非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。 1. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar. 2. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep. 3. Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying. 4. Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as tongue twisters, which often make the audience applaud. （三）关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词，这些关系词在介词后面常用which 或whom. 1. There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of the company. 2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.
Module 1 My First Day at Senior High 1 How’s it going? = How is everything recently? 2 cover：包含，包括●be covered with 被……覆盖 3 at the end of …在……结束的时候Eg : Class 5 is at the end of the corridor. ●in the end = at last 最后，终于（一般时态）Eg: I am sure I will win in the end. ●by the end of …到……为止(后用完成时态) Eg :①By the end of this term, we will have learnt two English books. ②By the end of last year, we had finished our task. ●end up with 以……告终 4 receive 客观上收到; accept 主观上收到Eg :I received his invitation but did not accept it. 5 divide：划分，把整体分为若干部分Eg :The world is divide into five continents. ※比较separate：分隔，把原来连在一起或靠近的分隔开来 6 表参加活动的短语： take part in + 活动join the party join in the game attend + the meeting 7. The teachers are very enthusiastic and friendly and the classrooms are amazing. 表示“吃惊”的几个单词： ◆surprise指“由于出乎意料而感到惊异或诧异”。Eg: His coming surprised me. ◆astonish指“由于出乎意料而又不能理解而感到吃惊”，语意较强。 Eg: I was astonished to see he got up so early. ◆amaze指“由于认为似乎不可能或极少可能发生的事的出现而感到大为诧异、迷惑不解”， 语意较强。Eg :I was amazed at his confidence. 8. Every room has a computer with a special screen, almost as big as a cinema screen. as … as…表示“和……一样……”。Eg: My book is as interesting as yours. 9. The teacher is a very enthusiastic woman called Mr. Shen. called Ms Shen在此作定语。 10. We’re using a new textbook and Ms Shen’s method of teaching is nothing like that of the teachers at my Junior High school. (1) 表示“方法、办法”的几个单词： ◆method作可数名词，指（系统的、逻辑的）方法、办法。后面常接of + 动名词，不接不定 式）；作不可数名词，指秩序，条理，规律。 Eg :①He is a man of having accurate and strict methods. ②We must get some method into our office filling. ◆way为可数名词，后接不定式或of + 动名词。 Eg :①We must find a way to solve this kind of problem. ②The normal way of carrying out such a kind plan is very difficult. ◆means单复数形式相同，其前有a, one, this, that, every等有时表单数意义，其前有such, these, those, all等有时表复数意义，其多指抽象或概括性的含义，后可接不定式，也可接of + 动名词/名词。Eg: There is no means of finding out what happened. (2) nothing like + n./pron. ◆完全不像，一点也不像Eg :She’s nothing like her mother. ◆没有什么能赶得上Eg :There’s nothing like a holiday to make one feel rested. 11. I don’t think I will be bored in Ms Shen’s class! Think表示意见和看法，其后的宾语从句中的否定词not被移到主句中，该现象被称为“否定转移”。类似的动词还有：expect, believe, suppose, imagine等。 Eg :①I don’t suppose that she will be back until night.
1.名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一、引导名词性从句的连接词 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连词：that（无任何词意） whether,if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性） as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”） 以上在从句中均不充当任何成分 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.whichever,whomever 连接副词：when, where, how, why 不可省略的连词： 1. 介词后的连词 2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。 That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won. 比较： whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代： 1. whether引导主语从句并在句首 2. 引导表语从句 3. whether从句作介词宾语 4. 从句后有"or not" Whether he will come is not clear. 大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用it充当形式主语。 二. 主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下： （1）It + be + 名词+ that从句 （2）It + be + 形容词+ that从句 （3）It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句 （4）It + 不及物动词+ that 从句 另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that… It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…
高中英语必修三 情态动词（unit 1 ，unit 2） 一、情态动词的特点: 1.没有人称和数的变化。 2. 有些情态动词有过去式的变化: e.g. will → would , can → could , may→ might ,dare → dared 二、情态动词的否定式: 情态动词+ not +动词原形can not: can't , must not: mustn't , need not : needn't 三、情态动词的用法及相互区别, 是考试的内容之一 1. can , be able to be able to 表示经过努力后, 能够做到; be able to 有多种形式的变化。 can 1). 表示体力或脑力方面的能力; 2). 表示允许、可能性。 could 是can的过去式, 表示过去有能力及过去存在的可能性; 用于疑问句表示委婉地提出问题。 1) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out. (NMET 97 ) A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 2) -Will you stay for lunch? -Sorry, __. My brother is coming to see me. (NMET99) A. I mustn't B. I can't C. I needn't D. I won't 2.may 表示询问或说明一件事可不可做; 表示某事有可能发生。might是may的过去式; 用在疑问中比may委婉、客气。 1) -May I take this book out of the reading-room? -No, you mustn't. ( Yes, you may.) 2) -Might I make a suggestion? -Yes, you may. 3. must 1). 表示必须要做的事: 必须 2) 表示很有把握的推断: 一定, 准是。have (has)to : have (has)got to 必须, 不得不。过去式: had to 3) -Must I get to the station before three o'clock? -Yes, you must. ( No, you needn't. ) 4) I'm afraid you will have to wait a while. 5) She must be in the classroom now. 6) Mary ____ be in Paris, I saw her in town only a few minutes ago. (NMET 94) A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. can't D. may not 4. shall 1) 在疑问句中, 用于第一、三人称表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。 2) 用于二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺等概念。 1) - Shall I place an order with you now? -No, you needn’t. -Shall he turn down the radio a bit? - Yes, please.(No, please don't.)