一，选择
1，This book (contains) all the information you need.
2，The government (restricts) the number of foreign cars that could be imported.
3，As a teacher you should not show (favor) towards any of your students.
4，Traffic is (regulated) by police at every intersection.
5，How much do you (charge) for this pair of shoes?
6，We can (leave off) now and return to work in the morning.
7，That matter can be left (over) until our next morning.
8，I learned that he was (on) sick leave from a government office.
9，It was one of the most beautiful sights that I had even set eyes (on).
10, Each week he tried to set (aside) a few dollars of his salary.
11, All this ceremony is just (for show); it doesn’t mean a thing.
12 ,Bill is afraid to (show his face) since Tom threatens to beat him up.
13, She has been behaving foolishly; I hope you will (bring her to senses).
14, The classroom is 30 feet (in length) and 20 feet in breadth.
15, I’m leaving this job because I’m tried of being (pushed around).
16, After the rain, the orchard seems to have (burst into) blossom overnight.
17, The two men stood (glaring at) each other, while the crowd looked on with amusement. 18, When you have any problems in your studies, you can always (look to) John for help. 19, Theodore Roosevelt was a (versatile) man ; he was successful as a statesman, soldier…. 20, The small town has (undergone) many changes during last 10 years.
21, The old farmer (survived) his wife, living until 105 years of ages.
22, Poor eyesight is a (handicap) to many students.
23, The wheat crop will be (decimated) with strong spring rains.
24, The various parts of the essays do not adequately (interrelate).
25, Hot weather (multiplies) the bacteria in the milk rapidly.
26, If something very substantial is not done next month , he cannot (retain) his office. 27, We sent him an invitation but he (declined).
28, The lifeguard pulled the (inanimate) body out of the pool.
29, If you are to be accepted as a member of the club you must (abide) by its rules.
30, (Even if) you dislike ancient monuments, Warrick Castle is worth a visit.
31, The cites will to be (deflated) and the population distributed in villages.
32, He gave a (distorted) account of what has happened.
33, His speech (fermented) trouble among the works.
34, The criminal was told he would be (immune) from punishment if he said what……
35, If you (strain) the elastic band any more, it will break.
36, The Egyptians (inhabit) an area equal to France and Spain combines.
37, He is (by no means) considered to be a great explorer.
38, It was a long time before scientists could (penetrate) the mystery of the atom.
39, inhale (breathe in)
40, scent (fragrance)
41, beam (smile happily)
42, solid (heavy)
43, suspicious (unbelieving)
44, steady (regular)
45, accomplishment (success)
46, impressionable (easily noticeable)
47, The speaker was a long way (off the track).
48, The new government tried to (defuse) the growing discontent of the people.
49, The (catch) is how to grow rice in a dry area.
50, They were surprised to see the efficiency of the (well-oiled) military machine of ……51, He was (upset) to learn that he had been left out of the basketball team.
52, It is fortunate when a young man’s career goals (coincide) with what his parents ……53, If the body is robbed this way for too long, vital organs (break down).
54, If your car (conks out) on a turnpike, wait for assistance.
55, My pencil is (worn down) to a stump.
56, The waterfall has (worn) a hole in the stone.
57, Anna did what she could to keep the marriage from (falling apart).
58, His wife becomes more and more (preoccupied) with children.
59, Artificial light is not to be (compared with) daylight for general use.
60, To (retrieve) some data, one has to consult a computer.
61, When the car hit the wall, the (impact) broke the windscreen.
62, The problem is closely (involved with) the management of pastures.
63, If you travel by jet plane, Tokyo and Shanghai are (virtually) neighbors.
64, There is no (tangible) evidence that the diplomatic relations will be restored to……65, After 10 years’ efforts, the farmers have (turned) the waste land (into) paddy fields. 66, He traveled with some British doctors who took (short-term) jobs abroad.
67, Utter weariness (overtook) me one hour later.
68, Farmers will have a bumper harvest, (assuming) that the weather is favorable.
69, Stocks may (boom) today, but droop tomorrow.
70, The mountain peak is (dominant) on the horizon.
二，Vocabulary
Unit1
In the past formerly Include embrace man-made artificial
control systematically regulate exactly precisely undesired unwanted
irrelevant extraneous having intense feeling passionate
aim toward be targeted to not far away at hand be charged for be send for
Unit3
Containing many detailed parts and thus difficult to understand intricate
Nearly correct but not exactly approximately
A sudden shaking of the Earth’s surface earthquake
Having many different kinds of skills or abilities versatile
Standing apart, separate as is to be alone isolated
The opposite in position; the other way around reverse
In addition to; also as well as
Depending on each other; necessary to each other interdependent
Increase in number by giving birth to offspring multiply
Eat something in order to stay alive or subsist live on
Destroy completely kill off
Not in its exact or accurate position out of true
Provide with proper or necessary skills, knowledge etc. quality
(not) in any way (not) at all
As a result from a natural impulse or tendency spontaneously
Unit4
The meeting dragged on
The party broke up
We dropped by the club to see if Bill was there
No matter what we talk about, Jim always drags in politics
Britain has dropped behind Japan as a producer of cheap cotton fabrics
Gradually his strength failed and he dropped behind in the race
Scientists hope to break through
Several friends dropped in
A big fire broke out
If you hadn’t broken in,
The cold winter dragged on
Why must you always drag this subject in
Please drop by
They dragged out
The children seem to have been dragged up
Several painters in the exhibition have broken with
He tried to cope with the ever-increasing burden of his work, but finally he broke down
He broke off
It is difficult to break away
Well, drop in
Prime constantly intervals at arm’s length come off get over yield put into operation challenging resort to swarming with take in
Unit5
Learn and discover (a fact that was hidden) find out
A group of people living together by shared interests, religion, etc. community
Change into something of different form or properties convert
Have a clear meaning wake sense
A state of very strong feeling, esp. of joy and happiness ecstasy
Take the place of replace
to some extent; somewhat more or less
at the lowest estimate or figure at least
not easily managed; hard to treat, relieve, or cure intractable
understand; figure out the meaning of make out
Unit7
Defeat (sb.)or deal successfully with(w difficulty) get the better of
Uselessness; useless action or thing futility
Moving or allowing movement in only one direction one-way
Take away the courage or power to act unnerve
Put back into order so as to be understood unscramble
In a state of complete disorder and confusion; confused chaotic
A state marked by lack of plan, order, or direction haphazardness
Any tricky or concealed problem or drawback catch
Smoke or other gases that pollute, combined with fog in an unhealthy or irritating mixture smog
A pipelike wooden or metal musical instrument with finger holes flute
Causing gloominess or a lowering of spirit depressing
Nothing; zero nil
Made or done aimlessly, without any plan random
Cause great suffering of the mind or body distress
An organization, a habit, custom, etc. , which has been in existence for a long time institution
(cause to) gather together congregate
Unit8
A rapid increase in sales, worth, profits, etc. boom
The offspring of two animals or plants of different breeds, varieties, or species hybrid
A person or group having administrative or supervisory authority in an organization or government executive
Profit or gain, such as from work returns
Aside from, except for apart from
Not equal or matched; unique unparalleled
Accomplish, cause bring about
Ineffective or useless from the beginning stillborn
The science of planning and directing military operations strategy
Occurring after; succeeding subsequent
Work out; understand by thinking figure out
Delay doing, considering, etc., till a later time leave over
三，完形。
Unit1 even, as, that, won, annually, by, they, virtual, because, simply, across, still, exactly, concern, response, access, to, led, between, place
Unit2viewed, almost, even, lower, means, reality become, like, grow, proving, status, afford, faced, necessarily, disciplined, longer, own, schedule, talking, until.
Unit3 been, raise, spread out, dying of, began, caused, According to, up to, as, unusual, be linked to, of course, however, came into, ranging.
Unit4 former, among, purpose, for, serves, strengthened, official, majority, heavily, similar, extends, through, limits, adds, familiar, ways, and, ability, as, means.
Unit5 quantitatively, make up, at least, unlikely, even if, greater than, common-sense, turn out to be, increases, in the direction of, complains, the Theory of Relativity, close to, so far as, not only
Unit6reading, knowledge, because, to, came, imagine, taken, gazed, with, when, Once, in, and, used, thinking, memory, that, no, truly, humour.
Unit7 having to, means, without, yet, insists on, believing in, spends, to say, In a sense, while, implies, denies, hard, take up, was urged.
Unit8 be depicted, marvel at, suffering, beneath, as, when, enjoy, Nearly, from, before, so long, have not respected, used, than, announcing.
四，翻译：
1、一种真正的市场型理模式很快成为可能。在信息空间，我们将能够检验并完善所需要的管理制度----知识产权制度、服务内容与使用权的控制制度、个人隐
私权与自由言论制度等。有些群体允许任何人加入，而有些则只允许符合这样或那样条件的人加入。能够自持的群体会兴旺发展（或许也会因为志趣与身份日趋特殊，而发展成为几个分支）。有些群体或因为成员失去兴趣，或因为成员被吓跑而不能幸存下来，他们将渐渐委琐消亡。
2、一旦问题得到理解，情况自然有所改善。那些通常因丈夫不倾听或不谈论每天发生的事情而感到被遗弃、感到丧失生活乐趣的女性会高兴的发现，她们的丈
夫一旦知道了不起眼的谈话在女性关系中的地位后，正努力地在适应。如果丈夫不适应，妻子仍然能够得到安慰，因为她知道，对男人来说，这不是不亲密的表现。当妻子接受了男女存在区别这一事实后，便会去找自己的朋友或家人说一说话。那些不能够给予妻子谈话快乐的丈夫，也不应该觉得妻子提出了无理要求。仍然会有一些夫妻决定离婚，但起码他们的决定是建立在比较现实的期望基础上的。
3、在地球形成的初期，上面很可能没有我们今天称之为海洋和大气层之类的东西。
4、在20亿到30亿年期间，一部分地球表面的水在太阳能的作用下，形成了结构复杂的化合物，这些化合物灵活多变，足以形成我们称之为“生命”的东西。
5、整个星球是一种由无机部分和各种各样的有机生命构成的生命形式（正如我们自己的身体，既是由各种各样的有机部分构成，又是由骨骼中的无机晶体和血
液中的无机水分所构成）。
6、同样，从全球的规模考虑，砍掉一整片森林在总体上不会对地球生命构成威胁，但是这样做会对该地区的生态形式造成严重的影响，甚至会造成水的流失，
从而引起地质结构的细微变化。
7、如果排除外界的干扰，食肉动物和被吃动物都保持一个适当的数量，这样对双方都有好处。
8、目前世界人口的急剧增长率使人类可以被称为生态恶性肿瘤。这种恶性肿瘤肯定会摧毁生态环境，正如普通的癌细胞会摧毁人的肌体一样。
9、新词汇、新习语、甚至新发音都以无法抗拒的势力源源不断传入东方。从前我们常常借用很多英语词或短语，但现在很少这样做。但英语却吸纳我们创造的
词，我们创造有多快，其吸纳的速度几乎就有多快。我认为，美国电影固然对这一变化起了很大作用，但毫无疑问，还有更深刻的原因。英语依然有点太严格、有点僵硬，且过于矫揉造作。而美语的发展却像伊丽莎白一样繁荣。所有那些在英国莎士比亚时代应用的构词方法，现在依然在美国应用着，新词源源不断产生。如果莎翁健在，这些新词一定会使他欣喜若狂，就像他所生活的时代产生的新词使他欣喜若狂一样。
10、科学的目的是弄清世界的运行特点，寻求其间可能存在的规律，洞察事物时间的联系——从构成一切物质的亚核粒子，到生物有机体，人类社会群体，以至
整个宇宙。
11、世界上每一文化群体都以这样或那样的方式提出过这些问题。而所提供的答案几乎都带有“就这么回事”的性质，这些尝试性的解释总是脱离实验，甚至没
有经过比较细心的比较观察。
12、要透彻的领悟一件事物，哪怕是一件很小的东西——比如惠特曼所说的一片草叶，也会经历一种喜悦，这种喜悦，在整个世界的所有生灵中只有人类才能感
受到。
13、有时我们听到一些科学家发表的宣言，他们充满信心的宣称，每一件值得弄清的事物都会很快为大家所知，或者说有些已经众所周知。他们描绘的是狄奥尼
修斯和波利尼西亚时代的图画，在这些画中，人们对知识探索的热情已经减退，取而代之的是一种被征服怠惰，成了饮用发酵椰子汁和其他一些温和迷幻剂的安逸度日者。
14、如果我们可以缩小身体进入这个晶体世界，我们可以看见一排排原子形成有序点阵，呈一种有规律的交替结构——钠原子、氯原子、氯化钠分子，这些点阵
精确的勾画出我们所占的这一层原子以及在我们头上、头下的所有原子层的示意图。
15、杰克正在想入非非时，瞥见绿灯亮了，他只顾开动汽车，盯了一眼那些有固定工作的人，以示再见。当他扭过头来，面对前方时，已经晚了一秒钟。他猛的
一下踩住刹车，调转方向，以避免撞上前面那辆车上小小的刹车红灯，但还是轰然撞上了。如果他动作再快一秒钟，也许只会离这辆车很近，不会撞上。而如果再晚一秒钟，他的车就会爬上这辆丰田车的行李箱。实际上，他好象没有把前面的车撞坏，而后面的车撞上了他车后部的保险杠，那一撞却严重多了。
16、就在这同一天，我的车又坏了，电冰箱不制冷了，而且我还得知我的右后臼齿牙根需要镶补。
17、如果我们突然看到油漆又飞回旧楼房的墙面，我们准会感到有问题。如果我们看到一个鸡蛋自己拼凑在一起又跳回蛋壳，我们准会开怀大笑，就象看一组倒
放的电影镜头那样。
18、在婚姻中很容易出现熵，当伴侣们过于忙自己的事，而忽视弥补小小裂痕时，几乎可以肯定他们的婚姻要破裂。
19、一个冰冷分子朝背离冰箱方向运动的概率也是50%。但是如果数十亿个冷热空气分子混合在一起，那么所有冷空气分子朝冰箱方向运动，同时所有热空气分
子背离冰箱运动的概率实际上是零。
20、如果在厨房只有10几个空气分子，那么我等上一年左右，或许在某个时刻6个最冷的分子会聚集在冰箱里。但是，这一等式中的变量越多、参加这一游戏的
角色越多，他们的路径井然有序的相互吻合的可能性就越小。
21、第一次浪潮涉及有形产品——硬件，他与构成软件的计算机程序相对而言。本世纪六、七十年代，圣何塞和旧金山的圣克拉拉谷的一些公司为计算机生产出
存储器硅芯片，于是便有了“硅谷”的名字。
22、财富形成的第二次浪潮涉及软件——包括人们用于工作或娱乐的“应用”软件，就象文字处理程序或者计算机游戏之类，以及用于管理业务和计算机网络自
身运行的“系统”软件。
23、但是无论是硬件革命还是软件革命，与现在intel网上所发生的情况相比，其财富创造的影响力都显得非常缓慢。短短数年之前，在日内瓦CERN研究中心工
作的英国物理学家Tim Berners-Lee发明了一种方案，用于连接与某一主题或一系列主题相关的数据，这些数据存在各地各种不同的计算机内。
24、E-Bay网点在线拍卖同样有利可图，因为它每拍卖一次都要向买卖双方收取一定的佣金。但是如今大多数国际互联网公司都承受着重大的短期损失，证券市
场投资者通常认为这种损失会在商业计划里某个似乎永远不会到来的“第三年”转为赢利。
25、尽管上述这些获利的基本模式最终将被证明是站不住脚的，但到目前为止，它们却足以使很多人十分富有。实际上所有这些财富都是由技术公司股组成的，
在今后10年中，其中的一些股份或大多数股份会逐渐散失。
1.This book contains all the information you need.
2.The government restricts the number of foreign cars that could be imported.
3.As a teacher you should not show preference towards any of your students.
4.Traffic is regulated by police at every intersection.
5.How much do you charge for this pair of shoes.
6.We can leave off now and return to work in the morning.
7.That matter can be left alone until our next meeting.
8.I learned that he was on sick leave from a government office.
9.It was one of the most beautiful sights that I had ever set eyes on.
10.Each week he tried to set aside a few dollars of his salary.
1.All this ceremony is just for show ;it doesn’t mean a thing.
2. Bill is afraid to show his face since Tom threatens to beat him up.
3.She has been behaving foolishly; I hope you will bring her to her senses.
4.The classroom is 30 feet in length and 20 feet in breadth..
5.I’m leaving this job because I’m tired of being pushed around.
6.After the rain, the orchard seems to have burst into blossom overnight.
7.The two men stood glaring at each other, while the crowd looked on with amusement.
8.When you have any problems in your studies, you can always look to John for help.
1.Theodore Roosevelt was a versatile man; he was successful as a statesman, soldier, sportsman, explorer, and author.
2.The small town has undergone many changes during last 10 years.
3.The old farmer survived his wife ,living until 105 years of age.
4.Poor eyesight is a handicap to many students.
5.The wheat crop will be decimated without strong spring rains.
6.The various parts of the essays do not adequately interrelate.
7.Hot weather multiplies the bacteria in the milk rapidly.
8.If something very substantial is not done next month, he cannot retain his office.
9.We sent him an invitation but he declined.
10.The lifeguard pulled the inanimate body out of the pool.
1.If you are to be accepted as a member of the club you must abide by its rules.
2.Even if you dislike ancient monuments,Warrick Castle is worth a visit.
3.The cities were to be deflated and the population distributed in villages.
4.He gave a distorted account of what has happened.
5.His speech fermented trouble among the workers.
6.The criminal was told he would be immune from punishment if he said what he knew about the murder.
7.If you strain the elastic band any more, it will break.
8.The Egyptians inhabit an area equal to France and Spain combined.
9.He is by no means considered to be a great explorer.
10.It was a long time before scientists could penetrate the mystery of the atom.
1.The speaker was a long way off the track.
2.The new government tried to defuse the growing discontent of the people.
3.The catch is how to grow rice in a dry area.
4.They were surprised to see the efficiency of the well-oiled military machine of that country.
5.He was upset to learn that he had been left out of the basketball team.
6.It is fortunate when a young man’s career goals coincide with what his parents wish for him
7.If the body is robbed this way for too long ,vital organs break down.
8.If your car conks out on a turnpike, wait for assistance.
9.My pencil is worn down to a stump.
10.The waterfall has worn a hole in the stone.
11.Anna did what she could to keep the marriage from falling apart.
12.His wife becomes more and more preoccupied with children.
1.Artificial light is not to be compared with daylight for general use.
2.To retrieve some data, one has to consult a computer.
3.When the car hit the wall, the impact broke the windscreen.
4.The problem is closely involved with the management of pastures.
5.If you travel by jet plane ,Tokyo and Shanghai are virtually neighbors.
6.There is no tangible evidence that the diplomatic relations will be restored to normal between these two countries.
7.After 10 year’s efforts ,the farmers have turned the waste land into paddy fields.
8.He traveled with some British doctors who took short-term jobs abroad.
9.Utter weariness overtook me one hour later.
10.Farmers will have a bumper harvest, assuming that the weather is favorable.
11.Stocks may boom today, but droop tomorrow.
12.The mountains peak is dominant on the horizon.
1. 在信息空间，可能会发生的情况是形成新的群体，新群体的形成不像在地球上那样受到限制，产生冲突。我们不是要建立一个梦寐以
求、而又难以管理的全球村，而是要建立一个由各种独立的、不受外界影响的群体组成的世界，这些群体将投其成员所好，而又不干涉他人。一种真正的市场型管理模式很快成为可能。在信息空间，我们将能够检验并完善所需要的管理制度——知识产权制度、服务内容与使用权的控制制度、个人隐私权与自由言论制度等。有些群体允许任何人加入，而有些则只允许符合这样或那样条件的人加人。
能够自持的群体会兴旺发展(或许也会因为志趣与身份日趋特殊，而发展成为几个分支)。有些群体或因为成员失去兴趣，或因为成员被吓跑而不能幸存下来，它们将渐渐萎缩消亡。
2. 一旦问题得到理解，情况自然有所改善。那些通常因丈夫不倾听或不谈论每大发生的事情而感到被遗弃、感到丧失生活乐趣的女性会
高兴地发现，她们的丈夫一旦知道了不起服的谈话在女性关系中的地位后，正努力地在适应。如果丈夫不适应，妻子仍然能够得到安慰，因为她知道，对男人来说，这不是不亲密的表现：当妻子接受了男女存在区别这一事实后，便会去找自己的朋友或家人说一说话。
那些不能够给予妻子谈话快乐的丈夫，也不应该觉得妻子提出了无理要求。仍然会有一些夫妻决定离婚，但起码他们的决定是建立在比较现实的期望基础上的。
3. l．在地球形成的初期，上面很可能没有我们今天称之为海洋和大气层之类的东西。
2．在20亿到30亿年前期间，一部分地球表面的水在太阳能的作用下，形成了结构复杂的化合物，这些化合物灵活多变，足以形成我们称之为“生命”的东西。
3. 整个星球是一种由无机部分和各种各样的有机生命构成的生命形式(正如我们白己的身体，既是由各种各样的有机部分构成，又是
由骨骼中的无机晶体和血液中的无机水分所构成)。
4. 同样，从全球的规模考虑，砍掉一整片森林在总体上不会对地球生命构成威胁，但是这样做会对该地区的生态形式造成严重的影响，
甚至会造成水的流失，从而引起地质结构的细微变化。
5. 如果排除外界的干扰，食肉动物和被吃动物都保持一个适当的数量，这样对双方都有好处
6. 目前世界人口的急剧增长率使人类可以被称为生态恶性肿瘤。这种恶性肿瘤肯定会摧毁生态环境，正如普通的癌细胞会摧毁人的
肌体一样。
4.新词汇、新习语、甚至新发音都以无法抗拒的势力源源不断传入东方。从前我们常常借用很多英语词或短语，但现在很少这样做。
但英语却吸纳我们创造的词，我们创造有多快，其吸纳的速度几乎就有多快。我认为，美国电影固然对这一变化起了很大作用．但毫无疑问，还有更深刻的原因。在18世纪，英语遭到严格控制，从此就几乎没有从控制中解脱出来。英语仍然有点太严格、有点僵硬，且过于矫揉造作。但美语逃脱了那场严格控制，免受此后学校教师清规戒律的影响，因此美语的发展像伊丽莎白时代一样繁荣。所有那些在英国莎士比亚时代应用的构词方法，现在依然在美国应用着，新词源源不断地产生。如果莎翁健在，这些新词一定会使他欣喜若狂，就像他所生活的时代产生的新词曾使他欣喜若狂一样。
5. 1. 科学的目的是弄清世界的运行特点，寻求其间可能存在的规律，洞察事物之间的联系——从构成一切物质的亚核粒子，到生物有机
体，人类社会群体，以至整个宇宙。
2 .世界上每一文化群体都以这样或那样的方式提出过这些问题。而所提供的答案几乎都带有“就这么回事”的性质，这些尝试性的解
释总是脱离实验，甚至没有经过细心的比较观察。
3. 要透彻地领悟一件事物，哪怕是一件很小的东西——比如惠特曼所说的一片草叶，也会经历一种喜悦，这种喜悦，在整个世界的所
有生灵中只有人类才能感受到。
4. 有时我们听到一些科学家发表的宣言，他们充满信心地宣称，每一件值得弄清的事物都会很快为大家所知，或者说有些已经众所周
知。他们描绘的是狄奥尼修斯和波利尼西亚时代的图画，在这些画中，人们对知识探索的热情已经减退，取而代之的是一种被征服的怠惰，成了饮用发酵椰子汁和其他一些温和迷幻剂的安逸度日者。
5. 如果我们可以缩小身体进入这个晶体世界，我们可以看见一排排原子形成有序的点阵，呈一种有规律的交替结构——钠原子、氯原
子、氯化钠原子，这些点阵精确地勾画出我们所站的这一层原子以及在我们头上、头下的所有原于层的示意图。
6. 杰克正想入非非时，瞥见绿灯亮了，他只顾开动汽车，盯了一眼那些有固定工作的人，以示再见。当他扭过头来，面对前方时，已经
晚了一秒钟。他猛地一下踩住刹车，调转方向，以避免撞上前面那辆车上小小的刹车红灯，但还是砰然一声撞上了。如果他动作再快一秒钟，也许只会离这辆车很近，不会撞上。而如果再晚一秒钟，他的车就会爬上这辆丰田车的行李箱。实际上，他好像没有把前面的车幢坏，而后面的车撞上了他车后部的保险杠，那一撞却严重多了。
7. 1. 就在这同一天，我的车又坏了，电冰箱不制冷了，而且我还得知我的右后臼齿牙根需要镶补。
2 .如果我们突然看到油漆又飞回旧楼房的墙面，我们准会感到有问题。如果我们看到一个鸡蛋自己拼凑在一起又跳回蛋壳，我们准会
开怀大笑，就像看一组倒放的电影镜头那样。
3. 在婚姻中很容易出现墒，当伴侣们过于忙于自己的事而忽视了弥补小小裂痕时，几乎可以肯定他们的婚姻要破裂；
4. 一个冰冷分子朝背离冰箱方向运动的概率也是50％。但是如果数十亿个冷热空气分子混合在一起，那么所有冷空气分子朝冰箱方
向运动，同时所有热空气分子背离冰箱运动的概率实际上是零。
5. 如果在厨房里只有十几个空气分子，那么我等上一年左右，或许在某个时刻6个最冷的分子会聚集在冰箱里。但是，这一等式中的
变量越多、参加这一游戏的角色越多．他们的路径井然有序地相互吻合的可能性就越小。
8. 1.第一次浪潮涉及有形产品——硬件，它与构成软件的计算机程序相对而言。本世纪六七十年代，圣何塞和旧金山地带的圣克拉拉谷的
一些公司为计算机生产出存储器硅芯片，于是使有了“硅谷”的名字。
2. 财富形成的第二次浪潮涉及软件——包括人们用于工作或娱乐的“应用”软件，就像文字处理程序或者计算机游戏之类，以及用于管
理业务和计算机网络自身运行的“系统”软件。
3. 但是无论是硬件革命还是软件革命，与现在因特网上所发生的情况相比，其财富创造的影响力都显得非常缓慢。短短数年之前，在日
内瓦CERN研究中心工作的英国物理学家Tim Berners-Lee发明了一种方案，用以连接与某一主题或一系列主题相关的数据，这些数据贮存在各地各种不同的计算机内。
4. e—Bay网点的在线拍卖同样有利可图，因为它每拍卖一次都要向买卖双方收取一定的佣金。但是如今大多数国际互联网公司都承受
着重大的短期损失，证券市场控资者通常认为这种损失会在商业计划里某个似乎永远不会到来的“第三年”中转为盈利。
5. 尽管上述这些获利的基本模式最终将被证明是站不住脚的，但到目前为之，它们却足以使很多人十分富有。实际上所有这些财富都是
由技术公司股组成的，在今后10年中，其中的一些股份或大多数股份会逐渐散失。
Unit 1 TEXT A Language focus Word in use [3] 1.whereby 2. pursuit 3. inhibit 4. maintain 5. patriotic 6. transcend 7. endeavor 8. dedication 9. prestige 10. nominate Word building [4] [5] 1.resultant 2. tolerant 3. pollutants 4. inhabited 5. participants 6. descendants 7. attendants 8. respectful 9. contestants 10. neglectful 11. resourceful 12. boastful Banked cloze [6] 1.eventually 2. premier 3. endeavor 4. bypass 5. handicaps Expressions in use [7] 1. removed from 2. failed in 3. in pursuit of 4. deviated from 5. precluded from 6. triumph over 7. work their way into
8. written off TEXT B Understanding the text [2] CBADBBCD Language focus Word in use [4] 1.indulge 2. propelled 3.aggravated 4.dazzled 5. alleviated 6.renowned 7.eloquent 8. destined 9.scorns 10. Applause Expression in use [5] up 2.in 3.on 4.up 5.to 6.on 7.as 8.out sentence structure [6] He prefers to start early rather than leave everything to the last minute She prefers to be the boss, to be in charge and to organize others rather than be organized by some whom she may not even rate very highly. My brother prefers to take the whole blame himself rather than allow it to fall on the innocent.
新视野大学英语第三版读写教程1 十五选十 University students come from different parts of the country with various purposes. However, a closer look at their reasons for studying at the university will enable us to 1) them roughly into three groups: those who have a(n) 2) for learning, those who wish to 3) a bright future, and those who learn with no definite purpose. Firstly, there are many students who learn simply because they 4) their goal of learning. Some read a wealth of British and American novels because they are keenly interested in literature. Others sit in front of the computer screen, working on a new program, 5) day and night, because they find some computer programs 6) . and they dream of becoming a “Bill Gates” one day. Secondly, there are students who work hard mainly for a better and more 7) future. It seems that the majority of students fall into this group. After admission to the university, they read books after books to 8) knowledge from all of the resources which are 9) to them, and finally, to succeed in the future job market. Thirdly, there are still some students who learn without a clear goal. They take courses, finish homework, enjoy life on campus, but don’t want to 10) anything new or challenging. They have no idea what they will be doing after college. And they may end up with nothing in their lives. Parents and teenagers have different or even opposite things to worry about. For example, while a mother might have a hard time understanding why her teenagers' room is always a(n) 1) of dirty stuff, the teenagers are more worried about their next exams and may think it is 2) for their mother to insist on keeping a clean room. It is therefore important for you to 3) the differences and learn to communicate with your teenagers properly. 4) , your teenagers may say nothing and shut you out of their personal lives. Their refusal to talk with you may even create 5) stress in your life. Learning effective ways to communicate can 6) the situation of a difficult relationship, 7) the stress of your life, and lead to a friendly relationship with your teenagers. First, you should learn to discuss serious problems in daily conversations. So, important topics, such as driving a vehicle and building a(n) 8) relationship, could be dealt with through daily conversations. Second, learn to be an active listener. Many parents are so 9) with their work that they could hardly take some time for their 10) children. Spend your time listening carefully to what your children like to talk about, and make sure your children feel they are being taken seriously. This will increase the chances of good communication.
一，选择 1，This book (contains) all the information you need. 2，The government (restricts) the number of foreign cars that could be imported. 3，As a teacher you should not show (inclination) towards any of your students. 4，Traffic is (regulated) by police at every intersection. 5，How much do you (charge) for this pair of shoes? 6，We can (leave off) now and return to work in the morning. 7，That matter can be left (over) until our next morning. 8，I learned that he was (on) sick leave from a government office. 9，It was one of the most beautiful sights that I had even set eyes (on). 10, Each week he tried to set (aside) a few dollars of his salary. 11, All this ceremony is just (for show); it doesn’t mean a thing. 12 ,Bill is afraid to (show his face) since Tom threatens to beat him up. 13, She has been behaving foolishly; I hope you will (bring her to senses). 14, The classroom is 30 feet (in length) and 20 feet in breadth. 15, I’m leaving this job because I’m tried of being (pushed around). 16, After the rain, the orchard seems to have (burst into) blossom overnight. 17, The two men stood (glaring at) each other, while the crowd looked on with amusement. 18, When you have any problems in your studies, you can always (look to) John for help. 19, Theodore Roosevelt was a (versatile) man ; he was successful as a statesman, soldier…. 20, The small town has (undergone) many changes during last 10 years. 21, The old farmer (survived) his wife, living until 105 years of ages. 22, Poor eyesight is a (handicap) to many students. 23, The wheat crop will be (decimated) with strong spring rains. 24, The various parts of the essays do not adequately (interrelate). 25, Hot weather (multiplies) the bacteria in the milk rapidly. 26, If something very substantial is not done next month , he cannot (retain) his office. 27, We sent him an invitation but he (declined). 28, The lifeguard pulled the (inanimate) body out of the pool. 29, If you are to be accepted as a member of the club you must (abide) by its rules. 30, (Even if) you dislike ancient monuments, Warrick Castle is worth a visit. 31, The cites will to be (deflated) and the population distributed in villages. 32, He gave a (distorted) account of what has happened. 33, His speech (fermented) trouble among the works. 34, The criminal was told he would be (immune) from punishment if he said what…… 35, If you (strain) the elastic band any more, it will break. 36, The Egyptians (inhabit) an area equal to France and Spain combines. 37, He is (by no means) considered to be a great explorer. 38, It was a long time before scientists could (penetrate) the mystery of the atom. 39, inhale (breathe in) 40, scent (fragrance) 41, beam (smile happily) 42, solid (heavy) 43, suspicious (unbelieving) 44, steady (regular) 45, accomplishment (success)
新视野第三册答案 Unit 1 Section A. The Expensive Fantasy of Lord Williams 《读写教程III》:Ex. II, p. 9 1. Because this is a title bought with stolen money. The guy‘s real name is Anthony Williams. 2. It‘s small, with a population of only 320. 3. No. He looks like a Scottish noble, soft-spoken and wealthy. 4. The truth is that the man with endless money and a friendly manner was not a lord at all but a government employee living out a fantasy that he was a Scottish noble and paying for it by stealing funds from Scottish Yard. 5. He stole more than eight million pounds over eight years and poured about five million pounds into the village. 6. Most of the stolen money was supposed to be used to pay spies and conduct secret activities against the Irish Republican Army. 7. He used the money to buy an estate, a beautiful home, and a dozen noble titles. But most of all, he sunk his dishonest gains into the village, buying multiple cottages, a pub and a run-down hotel and turning them into very good-looking places. 8. His bank deposits were so large that they were noticed by the bank‘s management. The bank then notified the police, who discovered that the criminal was one of their own. 9. Because in the eyes of some villagers Williams is a helper, pouring most of his stolen money into the village and giving jobs to 43 people. 10. He said in an interview after he was arrested: ―I discovered this bloody huge amount of money. I went from the need to pay off a few debts to what can only be described as greed. There is no way to just ify it.‖ 《读写教程Ⅲ》:Ex. Ⅲ, p. 9 1. suspicion 2. restored 3. considerate 4. inherited 5. furnish 6. justify 7. substantial 8. fantastic 《读写教程Ⅲ》:Ex. Ⅳ, p. 10 1. To his embarrassment he discovered 2. like that 3. strike deals with 4. live it out 5. falls upon dark days
Unit Six 洛城邂逅 混凝土、烟雾及晨色将好莱坞高速公路立交桥下的奥尔瓦多街笼罩在特有的灰色之中，车辆堵塞在路上，几乎一动不动。杰克无精打采地坐在车里，对此并不真的在乎，因为他知道，如果试图往左转，开到高速路入口，情况可能会糟糕得多。好在他不用每天这样，如果有人问他，他会肯定地说，以后也决不这样。稳定的工作有其优点，他不否认考虑过这件事。他需要一台调频收音机，安装在一辆比他现在开的这辆58款别克更好的车上。好一点的车有天鹅绒内饰，有为洛城的夏天而设计的电控装置，为冬天开往海滩而设计的精美电热器和除霜器，还有为长途旅行设计的导航控制器，当然车的前后都有声音优美的喇叭，窗户一摁就能关好，将外面高速公路上恼人的噪音隔绝。实际上，他可能不得不改变整个生活方式。富有异国情调的古龙香水、长毛绒服装、光线暗淡的夜总会、代基里酒、身穿丝绸长礼服、佩戴项链的女子，她们如同特奎拉酒广告里的女子一样，朦朦胧胧而又富有魅力。只要让他的想像驰骋，杰克会想像出许多可能的东西。 杰克正想入非非时，瞥见绿灯亮了，他只顾开动汽车，盯了一眼那些有固定工作的人，以示再见。当他扭过头来，面对前方时，已经晚了一秒钟。他猛地一下踩住刹车，调转方向，以避免撞上前面那辆车上小小的刹车红灯，但还是砰然一声撞上了。如果他动作再快一秒钟，也许只会离这辆车很近，不会撞上。而如果再晚一秒钟，他的车就会爬上这辆丰田车的行李箱。实际上，他好像没有把前面的车撞坏，而后面的车撞上了他车后部的保险杠，那一撞却严重多了。 杰克想开过这辆丰田车，但又怕前面的车挡路。当他在几辆车前的路边停下来时，又突然觉得这些车反而有助于他逃走。他使劲关了两次车门，一方面是为了将车门关紧，同时也再给自己一秒钟时间盘算。然后，他走到别克车的前面，又走到车后面，看看保险杠及其周围是否碰坏。然而，镀鉻层上连明显的划痕都没有。于是他精神振作起来了。虽然比起启动性能和行驶性能来，车的外表之美是次要的，但他这些年取得的少数显著成就之一便是：他的汽车车身和喷漆上除了几处小小的刮痕以外还完好无损。 杰克没有先去跟丰田汽车司机说话，因为从她的表情可以看出，她可能会给他增添更多的麻烦，所以，他先是向撞了他的车的司机打了个手势。这时那个司机还坐在车里，但已将车停在了丰田车的后面。杰克向他挥挥手，摇摇头，让他知道什么问题也没有。这位司机也向杰克挥了挥手，便开动汽车走了。 “连漆都没擦伤，”杰克用他特有的口气对她说，“你怎么样?车碰坏了吗?我倒是有点希望如此，这样，我们便可以多停留一会儿，聊一聊什么的。要不，你现在把电话号码给我，免得我以后还得跟你贫嘴，问你再要。” 杰克把她的微笑当作一个好兆头，便松了一口气。他吸人的是她身上散发的香味儿，就好像是清新的空气。他拽了一下自己身上穿着的不算很新但还不算过时的衣服。 “你的牌照是佛罗里达州的。但看上去你肯定是古巴人。” “我父母是委内瑞拉人。” “我叫杰克。”他伸出手来。 “我叫玛丽安娜。” 他们握了握手，她好像有生以来从未与人握过手似的。 “把你的车撞成那样了，我真的很抱歉。”他的话听起来很真诚。他抚弄着撞碎了的尾
新视野大学英语第二版读写教程(第三册)-答案
Unit 1 Section A. The Expensive Fantasy of Lord Williams 《读写教程 III》: Ex. II, p. 9 1. Because this is a title bought with stolen money. The guy’s real name is Anthony Williams. 2. It’s small, with a population of only 320. 3. No. He looks like a Scottish noble, soft-spoken and wealthy. 4. The truth is that the man with endless money and a friendly manner was not a lord at all but a government employee living out a fantasy that he was a Scottish noble and paying for it by stealing funds from Scottish Yard. 5. He stole more than eight million pounds over eight years and poured about five million pounds into the village. 6. Most of the stolen money was supposed to be used to pay spies and conduct secret activities against the Irish Republican Army. 7. He used the money to buy an estate, a beautiful home, and a dozen noble titles. But most of all, he sunk his dishonest gains into the village, buying multiple cottages, a pub and a run-down hotel and turning them into very good-looking places. 8. His bank deposits were so large that they were noticed by the bank’s management. The bank then notified the police, who discovered that the criminal was one of their own. 9. Because in the eyes of some villagers Williams is a helper, pouring most of his stolen money into the village and giving jobs to 43 people. 10. He said in an interview after he was arrested: “I discovered this bloody huge amount of money. I went from the need to pay off a few debts to what can only be described as greed. There i s no way to justify it.” 《读写教程Ⅲ》: Ex. Ⅲ, p. 9 1. suspicion 2. restored 3. considerate 4. inherited 5. furnish 6. justify 7. substantial 8. fantastic 《读写教程Ⅲ》: Ex. Ⅳ, p. 10 1. To his embarrassment he discovered 2. like that 3. strike deals with 4. live it out 5. falls upon dark days 6. nothing but 7. captured the heart of the little boy with 8. raise a glass to 《读写教程Ⅲ》: Ex. Ⅴ, p. 10 1. economy 2. business 3. campaign 4. poll 5. survey 6. research 7. lessons 8. study 《读写教程 III》: Ex. VI, p. 11 1. well-advised (明智的) 2. narrow-minded (心胸狭窄的) 3. wide-eyed (眼睛睁大的) 4. soft-spoken (说话温和的) 5. big-headed (妄自尊大的) 6. single-minded (专心致志的)
选词填空汇总 Unit 1 1.In order to strengthen his arguments,Toffler_____respectable social scientists who agree with him. a.quotes(摘引) b. confirms c. recites d. convinces 2.He could scarcely resist taking another drink of the delicious wine, but remembering the doctor’s advice, he_____. a.refrained(克制) b. withdrew c. avoided d.retreated 3.When people have their basic needs satisfied, they begin to think of other things to fulfill their life_____. a.necessities b. requirements c. appreciations d.expectations(期许) 4.Within seconds，the experienced instructor_____the situation and decided to attempt rescue. a.assumed b. assured c. assessed(评估) d. affirmed 5.Most good writers use every means at their_____to make the reader’s way smooth and easy. a.will b. disposal(处理) c. request d. convenience 6.The new apartment house built a few months ago is large enough to_____over two hundred people. a.accommodate(容纳) b. locate c. settle d. reside 7.A river_____through the narrow wooded valley below. a.pours b. twists(迂回曲折) c. expends d. expands
第一单元 U1 3/ 外国人对美国的第一印象很可能是：每个人都匆匆忙忙──常常处于压力之下。 城里人看上去总是在匆匆地赶往他们要去的地方，在商店里他们焦躁不安地指望店员能马上来为他们服务，或者为了赶快买完东西，用肘来推搡他人。 白天吃饭时人们也都匆匆忙忙，这部分地反映出这个国家的生活节奏。人们认为工作时间是宝贵的。 在公共用餐场所，人们都等着别人尽快吃完，以便他们也能及时用餐， 你还会发现司机开车很鲁莽，人们推搡着在你身边过去。 你会怀念微笑、简短的交谈以及与陌生人的随意闲聊。 不要觉得这是针对你个人的， 这是因为人们都非常珍惜时间，而且也不喜欢他人“浪费”时间到不恰当的地步。 汉译英： 1．她连水都不愿意一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。 She wouldn't take a drink, much less could she stay for dinner. 2.他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是真话。 He thought I was lying to him,whereas I was telling the truth. 3.这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释？ How do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week? 4.他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。 The increase in their profits is due partly to their new market strategy. 5.这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高 Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency. 6.我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量的时间和精力，所以我们只能继续。 We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project, so we have to carry on. 英译汉： 1.I don?t think that he would commit robbery,much less would he commit violent robbery. 我认为他不会抢劫,更不用说暴力抢劫了 2. Men earn ten dollars an hour on average,whereas women only seven dollars.男工平均工资每小时10美元,而女工才每小时7美元. 3.Once the balance in nature is disturbed, it will result in a number of possible unforeseeable effects.
第一单元永不放弃 1 英国的伟大首相温斯顿丘吉尔爵士，小时候在哈罗公学上学。当时他可不是个好学生，要不是出身名门，他可能早就因为违反纪律被开除了。谢天谢地，他总算从哈罗毕业了，在那里犯下的错误并没有影响到他上大学。后来，他凭着军旅生涯中的杰出变现当选为英国首相。他的才思、智慧、公民责任感以及在二战痛苦而黑暗的时期拒绝投降的无畏勇气，为他赢得了美名。他非凡的决心，不仅激励了整个民族，还鼓舞了全世界。 2在他首相任期即将结束时，他应邀前往母校哈罗公学，为满怀报国之志的同学们做演讲。校长说；校长说：“年轻的先生们，当代最伟大的演说家过几天就会你们演讲，他提出的任何中肯的建议，你们都要听从。”那个激动人心的日子终于到了。温斯顿伯爵站了起来——他只有5英尺5英寸高，体重却有107公斤。他做了言简意赅的讲话，永不放弃，永不，永不，永不，永不！“ 3 个人经历、教育机会、个人困境，这些都不能阻挡一个全力以赴追求成功的、有着坚强意志的人。任务再苦，准备再长，难度再大，都不能让他放弃自己的追求。就以本时代最有学问的两位科学家——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦和托马斯·.爱迪生为例，他们都曾面临巨大的障碍和极端的批评，都曾被说成“不开窍”，被老师当成笨蛋，而放弃。托马斯爱迪生还曾逃学，老师因为嫌他问的问题太多而经常鞭打他。爱因斯坦一直到将近9岁才能流利的说话，学习成绩太差，有些人认为他都已经学不好了。然而，这两个男孩的父母都相信他们，他们坚持不懈的每天和儿子一起努力，孩子们也了解到，要想成功就绝不要怕付出长期而艰辛的努力。最终，爱因斯坦和爱迪生都摆脱了童年的困扰，进而做出了造福当今全世界的伟大发现。 4 再如亚伯拉罕·林肯这个英雄的典范，他一生面临了无数艰辛，失败和接二连三的不幸。他的出身和经历真是一点也算不上光鲜，他在一个非常贫困的家庭长大，只受过一年正规教育，轻伤两度失败初恋爱人的突然离世也使他精神崩溃，还在八次政治选举中落马。此后他的4个孩子有3个不幸去世，令他悲痛欲绝。然而坚强的意志鞭策着他推动他前进，使他二更加乐观，投入，坚毅，这让他得以全力以赴，一次次战胜生命中的巨大困难和挫折，一百年以后世界各地的人们都赞颂亚伯拉罕·林肯，认为他是有史以来最伟大的美国总统。 5 与丘吉尔和林肯一样，只有那些“执著的追求成功的人，那些保持始终如一的精神意志的人，才会通过自身的努力获得成功。许多艺术家、政治家、作家和发明家都有同样的经历。他们之所以能取得这样的成功，是因为他们拥有强烈的意愿，不懈的准备，并保持对成功的激情。他们取得了成功并不是因为成功很容易，而是因为他们拥有克服重重障碍的意志，为了追求目标而勤奋努力。 6 桑德拉·戴·奥康纳，成长于既没自来水也没电的养牛场，他努力学习也是自己接受到最好的教育，她的学习成绩在班上始终名列前茅，一路奋斗终于进入了斯坦福大学法学院，并以优异的成绩从法学院毕业，尽管奥康纳勤奋刻苦，但在20世纪50年代她仍然受到女人身份的制约。历史不叹服大学的学位有良好的声誉，她仍被整个法律界拒之门外，因为事务所名苑聘请才干稍逊的男性，也不愿冒险破例雇佣一位女律师。然而，桑德拉·戴·奥康纳并未放弃梦想，她执著的坚持下去，终于得到提名并任命为美国第一位女性最高法院大法官。她任职期间，对很多问题，例如堕胎的妇女权利都起到了极为关键的作用。 7 很多人只是嘴上说他们想要什么东西，但并不真正地付出大量努力去实现。很多人因为害怕失败而不敢全军心尝试。而成功的秘诀在于内心燃烧的欲望——一种坚定不移的意志和专注力，从而激发行动的决心，即使疲惫，即使失败，也会继续准备继续前进。正如一句箴言所说：“你摔倒了多少次并要紧；你能多少次重新站起来对成功才至关重要！” 8 专注于汲取更多的知识，争取持之以恒的渐进，保持永不言退的坚强意志，即使在你疲惫想要松懈的时候或者困难重重之时。“执著地追求成功，！”“有志者事竟成！”，只要刻苦努力，
Unit 1 : cyberspace : if you don't love it ,leave it 信息空间：出入随愿 1 someth ing in the America n psyche loves new fron tiers. 美国人的内心深处具有一种酷爱探索新领域的气质。 We hanker after wide-ope n spaces ;we like to explore ;we like to make rules but refuse to follow them . 我们渴求宽敞的场地，我们喜欢探索，喜欢制定规章制度，却不愿去遵守。 But in this age it's hard to find a place where you can go and be yourself without worry ing about he n eighbours . 在当今时代，却很难找到一块空间，可以供你任意驰骋，又不必担心影响你的邻居。 There is such a place : cyberspace . 确实有这样一个空间，那就是信息空间 Formerly a playgro und for computer fans ,cyberspace . Formely a playgro und for computer fans ,cyberspace now embraces every con ceivable con stitue ncy : school childre n , flirtatious ,sin gles ,Hun garia n-America ns, acco untants . 这里原本是计算机迷的游戏天地，但如今只要想像得到的各类人群应有尽有，包括少年儿童、轻佻的单身汉、美籍匈牙利人、会计等。
UNIT 1 There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable. The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and John. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. John, however, was educated in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. John's I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. 有两个因素决定一个人的智力。首先是他出生时带的大脑排序。人类的大脑彼此之间有很大不同，有的有比别人多的能力。但不管他出生时有多好的大脑，个人将有低下的智力，除非他有学习的机会。因此第二个因素是在他长大的环境中发生了什么。如果一个人在环境方面有障碍，很可能他的大脑将无法发展，他将永远不会他能够达到的智力水平。同卵双胞胎彼得和约翰的经历可以说明环境对于一个人智力发展的重要性。当这对双胞胎三个月大，他们的父母去世了，他们分别被安置在不同的寄养家庭。彼得被寄养在一个孤立的社区并且教育机会少，低智商的父母家中。然而约翰，在生活富裕、上过大学的父母家中接受教育。这种环境差异继续到这对双胞胎十几岁时，当测试他们的智力时。约翰的I.Q.是125，高于普通人二十五点，比他的兄弟高出整整四十分。 UNIT 2 Recent studies of the human brain have resulted in some interesting discoveries. Scientists believe that a way to improve the power of the brain may soon be possible. Scientists have discovered that the brain can make its own drugs. The brain contains a protein substance which can act directly on the brain to change aspects of mental activity. Some may change or improve, for example, creativity,intelligence, imagination, and good memory. Chemicals found in the brain carry messages. In recent years scientists have found chemicals that affect mood, memory and other happenings of the mind. About 25 have been found so far. Today the role of chemicals and protein substance in human behaviour is creating much interest. Research seems to show that they may help control insomnia, pain, and mental illness. They have a great capacity to stimulate the brain to conquer deficiencies. They also improve the qualities of memory and learning already in the brain. They hold the secret to mood and emotion. Some day there may be a chemical way to create a better and more efficient brain. 最近对人类大脑的研究报告中有一些有趣的发现：科学家认为一种改善大脑功能的方法可能很快成为可能。 科学家们发现大脑可以产生自己的药物。大脑中含有一种蛋白物质，它可以直接作用于大脑以改变心理活动的各个方面。有些可能会改变或改善，例如，创造力，智力，想象力和良好的记忆力。 在大脑中发现的化学物质携带着消息。近年来科学家们已发现影响情绪，记忆和大脑活动的其它化学物质。目前约25种已被发现。 今天，化学物质和蛋白质物质在人类行为的作用引起了人们很大的兴趣。研究似乎表明，它们可能有助于控制失眠，疼痛，和精神病。它们有一个巨大的能力来刺激大脑克服不足。它们还提高记忆和大脑中应经存在的学习质量。他们保持情绪和情感的秘密。将来有一天，有可能会有一种化学方法来创造一个更好、更有效率的大脑。 Unit 3 By measuring the amount of HIV’s genetic material i n various representative tissue samples from infected peop le, and extrapolating form these samples to the entire bod y, Haase estimates that at most 1 in 2,500 cells, maybe fe wer, is infected with HIV. This is nowhere near enough for direct cell killing to account for the depletion in their numbers th at leads to AIDS. 通过测试被感染者具有代表性的组织样本中HIV 的遗传材料，从这些样本推算整个身体，哈泽估计，最多1 ／2500，或许更少，感染了HIV。这对于直接杀死细胞引起细胞大量消亡而导致艾滋病是远远不够的。 Haase says that his own work now shows that large n umbers of CD4 cell are becoming trapped in lymph tissue , and he believes that HIV also disrupts the production of new cells. In common with a number of other researchers, he also believes that HIV may cause the loss of uninfected CD4 c ells by triggering abnormally high levels of cell suicide,or apoptosis-a separate process that has been a subject of res earch throughout the 1990s . 哈泽说自己现在的工作表明，大量的CD4细胞被困在淋巴组织，而且他认为，艾滋病病毒会破坏新细胞的产生。研究人员普遍认为，艾滋病毒可以通过触发细胞自毁或消亡，导致未受感染的CD4细胞减少。在20世纪90年代这一过程曾是一个研究课题。 Taken together, these findings clearly suggest that H IV keeps the immune system in a state of constant activati on, and unbalances it in four ways :by trapping mature cells ,b