词汇(Vocabulary)
Lesson 10
sweltering ( adj.) :that swelters or suffers from the heat；very hot；sultry热得发昏的；酷热
counsel ( n.) :a lawyer or group of lawyers giving advice about legal matters and representing clients in court辩护律师；法律顾问；辩护人
silver-tongued ( adj.) :eloquent；persuasive雄辩的；口才流利的
orator ( n.) :a skilled，eloquent public speaker雄辩家
jury ( n.) :a group of people sworn to hear the evidence and inquire into the facts in a law case，and to give decision in accordance with their findings陪审团
erupt ( v.) :burst forth or out，as from some restraint进发；爆发；喷出
clash ( n.) :a sharp disagreement；conflict抵触；冲突；意见不一致；对立fundamentalism ( n.) :religious beliefs based on a literal interpretation of everything in the Bible and regarded as fundamental to Christian faith and morals原教旨主义(相信《圣经》所记载的传统的基督教信仰，反对较为近代的教义)
legislature ( n.) :a body of persons given the responsibility and power to make laws for a country or state(esp. the lawmaking body of a state，corresponding to the U.S.Congress)立法机构(尤指美国的州议会)
prohibit ( v.) :refuse to permit；forbid by law or by an order禁止；不准
legality ( n.) :quality，condition，or instance of being legal or lawful；conformity with the law合法性
indict ( v.) :accuse；charge with the commission of a cime; esp. make formal accusation against on the basis of positive legal evidence usually said of the action of a grand jury控告，控诉；指控，告发，对……起诉
prosecute (v.) :institute legal proceedings against，or conduct criminal proceedings in court against对……起诉
festoon ( v.) :adorn or hang with festoons饰以(或悬挂)花彩，结彩于
sprout (v.) :grow or develop rapidly迅速生长，迅速发展
rickety ( adj.) :1iable to fall or break down because weak；shaky易倒的；易垮的；不结实的；不稳固的
evangelist ( n.) :anyone who evangelizes(esp. a traveling preacher or a revivalist)福音传教士(尤指巡回说教者或信仰复兴者)
exhort ( v.) :urge earnestly by advice，warning，etc.规劝，劝告，劝戒
infidel ( n.) :a person who holds no religious belief无宗教信仰者，不信宗教者florid ( adj. ) : flushed with red or pink(said of the complexion)(脸色)红润的paunchy ( adj. ) :[derog. or humor](esp. of a man)having a fat stomach[贬或幽](尤指男性)大腹便便的
attorney ( n.) :.any person legally empowered to act as agent for. or in behalf of，another(esp. a lawyer)(被当事人授权的法律事务中的)代理人
shrewd ( adj.) :keen—witted，clever，astute or sharp in practical affairs机敏的；精明的；伶俐的
magnetic ( adj.) :vpowerfully attractive(said of a person，personality，etc.)有吸引力的；有魅力的(指人或个性等)
steep ( v.) :immense，saturate，absorb，or imbue(esp. used as steeped锄：thoroughly filled or familiar with)沉浸；埋头于(尤用作steeped in充满着；沉湎于；精通) agnostic ( n.) :a person who believes that the human mind cannot know whether there is a God or an ultimate cause，or anything beyond material phenomena；atheist不可知论者
growl (v.) :complain in an angry or surly manner牢骚满腹地说
spar ( v. ) :wrangle or dispute争论；争吵
drawl ( v.) :speak slowly，prolonging the vowels慢慢吞吞地说
bigotry ( n.) :the behavior，attitude，or beliefs of a bigot：intolerance；prejudice偏执的行为(或态度、信念等)；偏执；顽固；偏见
rampant ( adj. ) :spreading unchecked；widespread蔓延的；猖獗的
faggot ( n.) :a bundle of sticks，twigs，or branches(esp. for use as fuel)柴捆；柴把contaminate ( v.) :make impure，infected，corrupt，etc.使感染，传染，毒害mammal ( n.) :any of a large class of warm—blooded. usually hairy vertebrates whose off springs are fed with milk secreted by female mammary glands哺乳动物
snort ( v.) :wave，shake. or exhibit in a menacing, challenging，or exultant way(威胁地、挑战似地、狂喜地)挥舞
denounce ( v.) :condemn strongly as evil谴责，指责，痛斥
sonorous ( adj. ) :having a powerful，impressive sound(声音)响亮的；洪亮的reconcile ( adj. ) :settle(a quarrel，etc.)or compose(a difference，etc.)调解；调和；使一致；使相符
divine ( adj. ) :given or inspired by God；holy；sacred神授的，天赐的；神圣的fervour ( n.) :great warmth of emotion；ardor；zeal；passion热烈；热情，热心，热诚
arena ( n.) :any sphere of struggle or conflict竞争场所；活动场所
prairie ( n.) :a large area of level or slightly rolling grassland大草原
scorch (v.) :char，discolor，or damage the surface of sth. by superficial burning；burn；make a caustic attack on；assail scathingly；excoriate烧焦；烤焦；挖苦；严厉指责(或批评)
pop ( v.) :[colloq.]arise；happen or arrive unexpectedly[口]突然发生，突然出现，突然来到
duel ( n.) :any contest or encounter suggesting such a fight，usually between two persons(常指两人间的)争斗，冲突，斗争
hush ( n.) :absence of noise；quiet；silence寂静，平静，安静；默不作声，沉默adjourn ( v. ) :close a session or meeting for the day or for a time休会，闭会；延期swarm (v.) :be filled or crowded；teem(with)充满，被挤满(常与with连用) hawker ( n.) :a person who hawks goods in the street；peddle；huckster(沿街叫卖的)小贩
entrepreneur ( n.) :[Fr.]a person who organizes and manages a business undertaking.assuming the risk for the sake of the profit[法语]企业家
ape ( n.) :any of a family(Pongidae)of large，tailless monkeys that can stand and walk in an almost erect position猿
ponder ( v.) :weigh mentally；think deeply about；consider carefully默想；深思；考虑
cower ( v.) :shrink and tremble，as from someone’s anger，threats，or blow(因别人发怒、威胁或打击而)畏缩；发抖，哆嗦
sulphurous ( adj.) :violently emotional；heated；fiery异常激动的；激烈的；暴怒的dispatch ( n.) :a news story sent to a newspaper，radio station，etc.，as by a special reporter or news agency(特派记者或新闻社发给报社、电台的)(新闻)电讯，电文，通讯
yokel ( n.) :[a contemptuous term]a person living in a rural area；rustic；country bumpkin[贬]乡巴佬，土包子
perch ( v.) :alight or rest on or as on a perch栖息；停歇；坐在高处
gawk ( v.) :stare like a gawk，in a stupid way(像呆子般)呆呆地盯着，呆视
wily ( adj.) :full of wiles；crafty；sly狡猾的；狡诈的；诡计多端的
repel ( v.) :drive or force back；hold or ward off击退；抵挡住
fervent ( adj.) :having or showing great warmth of feeling；intensely devoted or earnest；ardent；passionate热烈的，满怀热情的，热心的，深表热诚的；强烈的Genesis ( n.) :the first book of the Bible，giving an account of the creation of the universe《创世纪》(《圣经·旧约》的首卷)
snigger ( n.) :a sly，derisive，partly stifled laugh窃笑；暗笑
twirl (v.) :rotate rapidly；spin(使)快速旋转，(使)迅速转动
serpent ( n.) :a snake，esp. a large or poisonous one蛇(尤指大蛇或毒蛇)
livid ( adj.) :grayish—blue；pale；lead—colored青灰色的；铅色的
slur ( n.) :any remark or action that harms or is meant to harm someon e’s reputation；aspersion，reproach，stigma，etc.诽谤；污辱；诋毁，中伤，破坏……的名誉gavel ( n.) :a small mallet rapped on the table by a presiding officer in calling for attention or silence or by an auctioneer(会议主席、法官或拍卖商用以敲击桌子的)小木槌，议事槌
quell ( v. ) :crush；subdue；put an end to镇压；平息
hubbub ( n.) :a confused sound of many voices；noise；uproar；tumult吵闹声，喧哗，喧嚣；鼎沸；骚动
forlorn (adj.): abandoned or deserted被抛弃的；被遗弃的；孤独的，寂寞的／forlornly adv.
verdict ( n.): the formal and unanimous finding of a jury on the matter submitted to them in a trial裁定；判决
conviction ( n.): a convicting 0r being convicted证明有罪；(被)判罪；定罪
短语(Expressions)
adhere to : continue to obey or maintain(esp，a rule，standard or belief)坚持，忠于例：She adheres to her principles throughout her teaching career. 她在整个教学生涯中始终坚持自己的原则。
take on : begin to have呈现
例：Her voice took on a troubled tone.她的声音里有些不安。
under way: begin，start(开始)进行，在前进中。
例：We have several plans under way.我们已将几项计划付诸实施。
Answer to Excercises in the T ext
I. Omitted.
II.
1)We have some clever and unexpected tactics and we will surprise them in the
trial.
2)The case had come down upon me unexpectedly and violently.
3)The fundamentalists believe in a word-for-word acceptance of what is said in the
Bible.
4)that all life had developed gradually from a common original organism
5)Let’s accuse Scopes of teaching evolution and let the court decide whether he is
breaking the law or not.
6)People from the nearby mountains, mostly fundamentalists, came to support
Bryan against those professors, scientists, and lawyers who came from the northern big cities and were not fundamentalists.
7)As my father complained angrily, That’ s no jury at all.
8)He is here because unenlightenment and prejudice are widespread and unchecked.
9)People had to pay in order to have a look at the ape and to consider ca refully
whether apes and humans could have a common ancestry.
10)and the crowd, who were mainly fundamentalists, took his words showing no fear
as if they were prayers, interrupting frequently with Amen
Ⅲ. Omitted.
Ⅳ.
1)legal terms: court, defence, criminal lawyer, leading councel for the prosecution,
state legislature, trial, testify, a jury trial, case, indict, the U. S. Supreme Court, defend, presiding judge, attorney-general, open the session, juror, legality, witness, evidence, accuse, adjourn, verdict, jurymen, guilty, conviction
2)religious terms: fundamentalists , modernists, the Old Testament, fundamentalism,
the Bible, agnostic, Catholic, Jew, infidel, God, Amen, Genesis
Ⅴ.
1)Today the teachers are put on trial because they teach science, soon the
magazines, books and newspapers will not be allowed to express new ideas.
2)It is doubtful whether man (rather the fundamentalist) has reasoning power,
Darrow said in a contemptuous way.
3)The Christian believes that God in heaven made human being but the evolutionist
thinks human beings come from lowly animals. The implication is there is nothing lofty, noble about human beings in the eyes of the evolutionist.
4)This is a pun, i.e. playing on words. This sentence may have two different
interpretations, depending on how you read it. If you pause before the dash, it means Darwin, the naturalist is correct. If you read out the whole sentence, it means Darwin the shop owner is directly inside.
5)Even the ape shuddered when it realized that it might share the same ancestry
with human beings (especially the fundamentalists).
6)Malone considered the defeat a blessing in disguise, although Scopes was found
guilty, they had succeeded in drawing the attention of the people all ove r the United States to this issue.
7)The statement conveys false modesty about being with the people and indicates
regional narrow-mindedness and bigotry.
8)This shows that the jurors were ignorant, prejudiced and narrow minded. There
couldn’t be a fair and im partial trial.
9)Bryan’s role is self-appointed. There is no need for Bryan to act as the spokesman.
If a thing is true it does not need anyone, least of all Bryan, to defend it.
10)Bryan was dead against knowledge, Science and new ideas, so it was ironical to
name a university after him because the function of a university was to spread knowl-edge, science and new ideas.
Ⅵ.
1)snowball: metaphor; grow or develop rapidly
2)circus atmosphere: metaphor; riotous holiday spirit
3)sprout: metaphor; grow or spring up quickly
4)spar: metaphor; fight with words, engage in argument
5)thunder: metaphor; say loudly and angrily
6)like a prairie fire: simile; spreading quickly, rapidly and overcoming all obstacles
7)scorch : metaphor wither, thoroughly defeat hot breath of his oratory: metaphor;
the fiery speech, the caustic condemnation
8) a duel: metaphor; a life and death struggle
9) a storm of applause：metaphor；loud applause by many people
10)the oratorical duel：metaphor；the speech contest
11)spring the trump card：metaphor；take the most decisive course of action which
one believes cannot fail
12)oratorical storm，blew up：metaphors；the great debate that took place like a fresh
wind：simile；brought new and healthy changes.The great debate initiated by Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone in the little court in Dayton brought new and healthy changes throughout the schools and legislative offices of the United States
Ⅶ.
1) hyperbole 2) transferred epithet 3) synecdoche 4) ridicule 5) sarcasm 6) irony 7) sarcasm 8) antithesis 9) hyperbole 10) ridicule, simile 11) ridicule 12) oxy-moran Ⅷ.
1)初级法院的裁决有利于父母，后来又作了相反的裁决。
2)立法部门制订法律，行政部门执行法律，司法部门解释法律。
3)三个证人出庭作证，证明他无罪。
4)他们呼吁速由一个公正的陪审团进行公审。
5)在美国法院，证人宣誓照实直说时，要把一只手放在《圣经》上。
6)自助者，上帝助之。
7)不管什么种族、民族和宗教信仰，在法律面前，法官应一视同仁。
8)Barristers是在法庭上进行控告或辩护的律师。
9)作为原告辩护律师，他就要尽力证明被告有罪。作为被告辩护律师，他就要
为被告辩护。
Ⅸ.
1)At that time metaphysics was rampant.
2)2)I did not anticipate that 1 would get involved in this dispute
3)Y ou must involve yourself in the work if you want to learn something.
4)The jury brought in a verdict of guilty and the judge sentenced him to three years’
imprisonment.
5)Racial discrimination still exists in various forms in the United States though
racial segregation is against the law.
6)6)I think we can reconcile the two views.
7)He seemed reconciled to the idea.
8)The spectators’ hearts went out to the defendant.
9)The London papers expressed the view that the collapse of Nazi Germany was at
hand.
10)He estimated the number of scouts on hand as ranging from three to five.
11)The project got under way soon after the signing of the contract.
X.
criminal, guilt, defendant, legal, defence, afford, at, prison, prepared||
trial, cross-examine, prosecution, witnesses, attend, compelled, court, counsel, right || jury, evidence, accused, verdict, innocence, unammous, majority||
appeal, tried, offence
XI. Omitted.
XII. Omitted.
Lesson Nine
idyllic ( adj. ) :pastoral or picturesque；pleasing and simple 田园诗的；田园风光的；生动逼真的；质朴宜人的
cynical ( adj.) :believing that people are notivated in all their actions only by selfishness；denying the sincerity of people’s motives and actions，or the value of living玩世不恭的；愤世嫉俗的
obsess (v.) :haunt or trouble in mind，esp. to an abnormal degree；preoccupy greatly 使分心；使心神困扰(尤指精神反常、着迷)
frailty ( n.) :the quality or condition of being frail；weakness(esp. moral weakness)脆弱性；虚弱性(尤指意志薄弱)
tramp ( n.) :the act of tramping；a journey on foot；hike步行；徒步旅行prospector ( n.) :a person who prospects for valuable ores，oil，etc.(矿藏等的)勘探者；探矿者
starry-eyed ( adj.) :with the eyes sparkling in a glow of wonder，romance，visionary dreams，etc.过于理想的；不切实际的；盲目乐观的
acid-tongued ( adj.) :sharp，sarcastic in speech说话尖刻的
cynic ( n.) :a cynical person玩世不恭的人；好挖苦人的人；愤世嫉俗的人navigable ( n.) :wide and deep enough，or free enough from obstructions，to be traveled on by vessels可行船的；可通航的；可航行的
attest ( n.) :serve as proof of；demonstrate；make clear作为……的证据，为……作证；论证；表明
artery ( n.) :a main road or channel干线，干道，大路；干渠
keelboat ( n.) :a large，shallow freight boat with a keel，formerly used on the Mississippi，Missouri，etc.(旧时密西西比河、密苏西河等用的)龙骨船
flatboat ( n.) :a boat with a flat bottom，for carrying freight in shallow waters or on rivers平底船
molasses ( n.) :a thick，usually dark brown syrup produced during／he refining of sugar，or from sorghum，etc.糖蜜，糖浆
cub ( n.) :an inexperienced，awkward youth阅历浅的年轻人
cosmos ( n.) :the universe considered as a harmonious and orderly system宇宙
feud ( n.) :a bitter，long—continued，and deadly quarrel，esp. between clans of families(尤指部落或家族间的)世仇，累世宿仇，夙怨，长期不和
lynch (v.) :[Am.]murder(an accused person)by mob action and without lawful trial，as by hanging[美]私刑处死
phonographic ( adj.) :[Am.]of a phonograph or the sounds made by sb. [美]留声机的，唱机的
teem ( v.) :be full，as though ready to bring forth young；abound；swarm充满；富于；大量地出现；涌现
flotsam ( n.) :transient，unemployed people；vagrants流离失所者，流浪者，游民；失业者；被毁掉的人
hustler ( n.) :[Am.slang]a prostitute[美俚]妓女
thug ( n.) :a rough，brutal hoodlum，gangster，robber，etc.恶棍；暴徒；强盗motley ( adj. ) :having or composed of many different or clashing elements；heterogeneous混乱的；杂乱的
succumb ( v.) :①give way(to)；yield；submit ②die ①屈服，屈从(常与to连用)②死
epidemic ( n.) :the rapid，widespread occurrence of a fad，fashion，etc.(风尚、风气、爱好等的)一时流行，风行
flirt ( v.) :trifle or toy(with)玩弄，戏耍；做着玩；不认真地对待，不认真地考虑(常与with连用)
colossal ( adj.) :1ike a colossus in size；huge；gigantic；enormous巨大的，庞大的rebuff ( v.) :check or repulse挫败；阻止
broke (adj.) :[colloq.]having little or no money；bankrupt[口]无钱的，身无分文的；破了产的
hone (v.) :sharpen with or as with a hone把……放在磨石上磨
scathing ( adj. ) : searing；withering；injurious；harsh or caustic严厉的，尖刻的sluggish ( adj. ) :slow or slow—moving；not active；dull(行动)缓慢的；迟钝的sloth ( n.) :a lazy person懒汉
astound ( v.) :bewilder with sudden surprise；astonish greatly；amaze使震惊，使惊愕，使大吃一惊
tedious ( adj.) :long or verbose and vearisome；triesome；boring冗长乏味的；使人厌倦的；沉闷的
travelogue ( n.) :a lecture on travels, usually accompanied by the showing of pictures 旅行见闻讲座
Sultan ( n.) :a Moslem ruler苏丹(一些伊斯兰教国家统治者的称号)
debunk ( v.) :[Am.colloq.]expose the false or exaggerated claims，pretensions，glamour，etc.[美口]揭露，揭发，揭穿
revere ( v.) :regard with deep respect，love，and awe；venerate尊敬，崇敬；敬畏ingenuity ( n.) :the quality of being ingenious；cleverness，originality，skill，etc.机灵，机智，足智多谋；独创性，创造力；熟练，巧妙
juvenile ( adj.) :young and youthful年轻的；青年的
pariah ( n.) :any person despised or rejected by others；outcast为社会所遗弃者；流浪者
puritanical ( adj.) :extremely or excessively strict in matters of morals and religion宗教(或道德)上极端拘谨的
panorama ( n.) :an unlimited view in all directions全景；全图
deplore ( v.) :be regretful or sorry about懊悔，悔恨，对……深感遗憾
sap ( v.) :undermine in any way；weaken；exhaust削弱；耗竭
clamor ( n.) :a loud outcry；uproar大声呼喊，喧嚷，喧嚣，吵闹
robust ( adj. ) :strong and healthy；full of vigor；hardy健壮的；精力充沛的
haunt ( v.) :appear or recur repeatedly to，often to the point of obsession(思想、回忆等)萦绕；(疾病等)缠住
pneumonia ( n.) :inflammation or infection of the alveoli of the lungs of varying degrees of severity and caused by any of a number of agents，such as bacteria or viruses肺炎.
meningitis ( n.) :inflammation of the meninges.esp. as the result of infection by bacteria or viruses脑脊膜炎
epileptic ( n.) :a person who has epilepsy癫痫患者
pad ( v.) :stuff，cover，or line with a pad or padding填塞；衬填
crater ( n.) :a bowl—shaped cavity，as at the mouth of a volcano or on the surface of the moon碗形洞(如火山口、环形山、月亮表面的坑状地方)
crumble ( v. ) :fall to pieces；disintegrate；decay破碎，破裂；使溃散，使瓦解，消灭
lament ( v.) :feel or express deep sorrow for；mourn or grieve for为……而悲痛；哀悼；为……而伤心
短语(Expressions)
every bit: (infml)equalIy；entirely完全，同样地
例：He is every bit as mean as she is.他与她同样平庸。
in print: (of a book)available for sale from the publisher；(of a person’s work)printed in a book，efc.(指书)可买到，已出版
例：It was the first time he had seen his work in print.这是他第一次看见自己的作品出版。
soak up: to receive and absorb stll.接受并吸收
例：That child soaks up new facts like a sponge!那孩子吸收新知识像海绵似的! succumb to: stop resisting；yield to，submit to屈服，屈从
例：Several children have measles，and the others are bound to SUCcumb to it.有几个孩子患了麻疹，其他孩子也必然会被传染。
flirt with: to deal playfully or superficiMly with不认真考虑、对待
例：I am flirting with the idea of getting a job.我胡思乱想着要去找份工作。
of sorts: (derogative)of a poor or inferior type(贬义)差劲的，劣等
例：It was a meal of sorts，but nobody enjoyed it.这勉强算是一顿饭，谁都没有吃好。
all over: what one would expect of the person specified正像所说的人一样
例：That sounds like my sister all over.听起来跟我姐姐一模一样。
in earnest: seriously，not jokingly严肃地，认真地
例：Both sides are deeply in earnest，with passions that approximate those of civil war。双方都很坚决认真，像是鼓足劲要打一场内战似的。
Answer to Excercises in the T ext
I. Omitted.
II.
1) a man who became constantly preoccupied by the moral weaknesses of mankind
2)Mark Twain first observed and absorbed the new American experience, and then
introduce it to the world in his books or lectures.
3)In his new profession he could meet people of all kinds.
4)With no money and a frashated feeling, he accepted a job as reporter with
Territorial Enterprise in Virginia City, ...
5)Mark Twain began working hard to became well known locally as a newspaper
reporter and humorist.
6)and when California makes a plan for a new surprise, the solemn people in other
states of the U.S. smile as usual, making a comment that’s typical of California 7)The man who had made the world laugh was himself consumed by bitterness. Ⅲ. Omitted.
IV.
1)compound nouns
a) n. + n. : steamboat, pilothouse, keelboat, waterside, railroad, stagecoach, pickax, gold-fields, notebook, milestone, newspaper, bathtub, etc.
b) adj. (adv., prep. ) + n. : flatboat, hotbed, best-seller, rough-country, everything, downstream, etc.
c) gerund +n. : mining-camp
2)compound adjectives
a) adj. +n. (-ed) :starry-eyed, acid-tongued, etc.
b) adv. +past participle: best-loved
c) n. +present participle: energy-sapping
d) v. +adv. :runaway
V.
1)pessimist 2)civilized 3)dull 4)to accept 5)lazily 6)energetic, alert 7)to deny 8)small, tiny 9)interesting 10)cheerful
VI.
river pilot, valley of the Mississippi River, main artery of transportation, keelboat, flatboat, large raft, downstream, steamboat, steamboat deck, stream.
Ⅶ.
1)tramp printer 2)river pilot 3)pen name 4)steamboat days 5)Mississippi River 6)delta country 7)cub pilot 8) pilothouse talk 9)medicine shows l0)waterside slums ll)steamboat decks 12)steamboat trade 13)river country 14)gold and silver fever 15)Virginia city 16)newspaper reporter 17) city government 18) Sacramento V alley 19) rough-country settlers 20) mining-camp meals 21) Calaveras County 22) pleasure cruise 23) United States citizens 24)California newspaper 25)art treasures 26) book version 27)boyhood adventures 28)stage play 29) town drunkard 30)raft flight 31)steamboat explosion 32)heart attack
Ⅷ.
1)romantic意为浪漫的；sentimental意为伤感的或易感伤的；humorous意为幽
默的或风趣的；witty意为机智的或聪颖的。
2)cynic意为愤世嫉俗者；critic意为批评家或评论家。
3)lumber指已加工成条、块、板等的木料；timber往往指未经加工的木头。在
美语里，timber指适用于建房造船等的木头，无论是加过工的还是未加过工的树都包括在内；而在英国英语里，这两个词意思相同。
4)proclaim指正式宣布或宣称；claim表示对一项权利的要求和维护。
5)demand本为经济术语，与supply相对，即常说的供需；need为通用词，意
为需要。halt比stop更具体，暗指短暂的停止。
6)mistreatment指错误地对待；ill-treatment指虐待。
7)consequence常指不良后果或结果；result为常用词。
8)dreary指使人情绪低落，精神萎糜不振；tedious指单调，持续时间长，从而
使人厌倦。
9) a pleasure cruise指旅游者乘船观光游览，不一定船上的人都玩得高兴；a
pleasant cruise指乘船玩得很高兴，不一定是旅游。
10)correspondent指某报纸杂志电台等驻外地甚至外国的记者(reporter)。注意，
correspond本指通信联系。
11)robust指身强体壮、精力充沛的；healthy仅指健康无病。
12)desperation指因失望(despair)而表现出气急败坏的状态。
Ⅸ.
1)father：author，creator cruise through eternal boyhood：journey through lasting
boyhood endless summer of freedom and adventure：long summer full of free and adventurous activities
2)artery：main route or channel
3)cast of characters：people of various sorts cosmos：a place where one can find all
sorts of characters
4)current: stream (here not a good choice for the verb team)
5)succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever: gave way to (yielded to,
submitted to) the gold and silver rush prevailing in that area
6)flirted with the colossal wealth and was rebuffed: did not try hard or
persistently enough to get the colossal wealth failed
7)digging his way to regional fame: working hard to gain regional fame
8)honed: sharpened (It is not suitable to say to sharpen on e’s muscles. )
X.
1)antithesis 2)euphemism 3)metonymy 4)alliteration 5)alliteration 6)personification 7)euphemism 8)antithesis
XI.
1)The article does not touch the heart of the subject under discussion.
2)The newly completed railway is the main artery for traffic in the southwest of that
country.
3)That problem produced two different currents of opinion among the
Congressmen.
4)The overcrowded slum areas were a hotbed of diseases and vices.
5)Twain’s source of inspiration never dried up.
6)Living in the enemy camp honed his wits.
Ⅻ.
1)eternal boyhood
2)endless summer
3) a cosmos
4) a memory that seemed phonographic
5)the epidemic of gold and silver fever
6) a milestone in a country’s development
7)America laughed with him.
8)… almost as sure to be studied in American schools today as is the Declarat ion of
Independence.
9)… a moving panorama for exploration of American society
10)Twain found the ultimate expression of escape from…
11)Personal tragedy haunted his entire life ...
12)Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh.
XIII.
1)l)completely, entirely
2)bankrupt, penniless
3)organizing
4)developing, carrying them out at high speed
5)as its characteristic is
6)wagered $ 50 with a stranger
7)exposed the falsehood of
8)cast away
XIV.
1)He was obssessed with fear of poverty.
2)Dongting Lake teems with fish and shrimps.
3)Tom was every bit as intelligent as the top boy in his class.
4)He is an acquaintance of mine, but not a friend.
5)Under pressure, he had no other choice but quit office.
6)In the end he succumbed to her persuasion and decided to change his original
plan.
7)Many children succumbed to small pox then.
8)Much to his horror, he found the cabin flooded.
9)The kids did extremely well in their exam, to the great satisfaction of both parents
and teachers.
10)That’s Peter all over.
11)Not until midnight did the surgeon finish the operation.
12)The history course has acquainted me with ancient civilizations.
13)The old writer shaped the folktale into a film scenario.
14)The dauntless revolutionary spirit of the Chinese people finds full expression in
the new play.
XV. Omitted. XVI. Omitted.
Lesson 5
horde ( n.) :a large，moving crowd or throng群，人群
croquet ( n.) :an outdoor game-、n which the players use mallets to drive a wooden ball through a series of hoops placed in the ground槌球游戏(一种用木槌击木球钻小圈的游戏)
luncheon ( n.) :a lunch，esp. a formal lunch with others午餐；午宴；午餐(聚)会Nazi (adj. & n.) :designating，of，or characteristic of the German fascist political party(German National Socialist Party).founded in 1919 and abolished in 1945德国国社党的，纳粹党的；纳粹党党员，纳粹分子
indistinguishable ( adj. ) : that cannot be distinguished as being different or separate 不能区别的，不能辨别的，难区分的
devoid ( adj.) :completely without；empty or destitute(of)完全没有的，缺乏的(后接of)
excel ( v.) :be better or greater than，or superior to(another or others)优于；胜过ferocious ( adj.) :fierce；savage；violently cruel凶猛的，残忍的；凶恶的
unsay ( v.) :take back or retract(what has been said)取消(前言)；收回(前言)
folly ( n.) :foolishness；any foolish action or belief愚笨，愚蠢；愚蠢的行为(或思想等)
threshold ( n.) :doorstill；entrance or beginning point of sth.门槛；人口；开端
till ( v.) :work(1and)in raising crops，as by plowing，fertilizing，etc.；cultivate耕种；耕耘；耕作
immemorial (adj. ) : extending back beyond memory or record；ancient无法追忆的；无文字记载的；古老的
wring (v.) :.get or extract by force，threats，persistence，etc.; extort强求；榨取；勒索
primodial (adj.) :not derivative；fundamental；original根本的；基本的
hideous ( adj.) :horrible to see，hear etc.；very ugly or revolting；dreadful骇人听闻的；非常丑陋的；可怕的
onslaught ( n.) :a violent，intense attack猛攻
clank ( v. ) : make a sharp，metallic sound发当啷声，发铿锵声
dandify ( v.) :make a look like a dandy；dress up使打扮得像花花公子；给……穿上盛装，给……乔装打扮
crafty ( adj.) :subtly deceitful；cunning；artful；sly狡猾的，狡诈的，诡计多端的cow ( v.) :make timid and submissive by filling with fear or awe；intimidate恫吓，吓唬，威胁
docile ( adj.) :easy to manage or discipline；tractable易管教的；顺从的，温顺的，驯服的；听话的
brutish ( adj. ) :of or like a brute；savage；gross野兽般的，残忍的；粗野的
plod ( v.) :walk 0r move heavily and laboriously；trudge沉重缓慢地走
swarm ( n.) :a moving mass，crowd，or throng(移动的)大群，大堆
locust ( n.) :any of various large grasshoppers，often traveling in great swarms and destroying nearly all vegetation in areas visited蝗虫
smart ( v.) :feel mental distress or irritation，as in resentment，remorse，etc.感到痛苦；感到伤心
prey ( n.) :an animal hunted or killed for food by another animal：a person or thing that falls victim to someone or something被捕食的动物；牺牲者；牺牲品villainous ( adj.) :of，like，or characteristic of a villain；evil；vicious；wicked坏人的；邪恶的；恶棍似的
cataract ( n.) :any strong flood or rush of water；deluge洪水；急流；大雨
concur ( v.) :agree(with)；be in accord(in an opinion，etc.)同意，赞成，与……(意见)一致(常与with，in连用)
irrevocable ( adj. ) :that cannot be revoked，recalled，or undone；unalterable不能取消的；不可废止的；不可改变的；无可挽回的
vestige ( n.) :a trace，mark，or sign of something that once existed but has passed away or disappeared残迹；遗迹；痕迹
parley ( v. ) :have a conference or discussion，esp. with an enemy；confer会谈(尤指与敌方的谈判)
creed ( n.) :a statement of belief，principles，or opinions on any subject信条；信念divergence ( n.) :departure from a particular viewpoint，practice，etc.偏离，背离，背驰
moralise ( v.) :think，write，or speak about matters of right and wrong，often in a self—righteous or tedious way(在言谈或写作中)论道德问题；说教
catastrophe ( n.) :any great and sudden calamity，disaster，or misfortune骤然而来的大灾难；灾祸；祸患
blood—lust ( n.) :a strong desire to kill or wound杀人欲，嗜杀狂
lure ( v.) :attract，tempt，or entice(often with Dm)吸引；诱惑；不断引诱(常与on 连用)
hurl ( v.) :throw or fling with force or violence猛投，猛掷；猛抛
prelude ( n.) :anything serving as the introduction to a principal event，action，performance，etc.；preliminary part；preface；opening序言；序幕
intervene ( v.) :come or be in between as something unnecessary or irrelevant；interpose干涉，干预
subjugation ( n.) :bringing under control；conquering征服，制服
hearth ( n.) :the fireside as the center of family life：family life；home炉边；家庭生活；家庭
短语(Expressions)
round up: cause sb.or sth.to gather in one place驱集，使集拢
例：The guide rounded up the tourists and led them back to the coach.导游把游客集合在一起，领他们回到车上。
count on: rely on sb.or sth.with confidence依靠，信赖，指望
例：Don’t count on a salary increase this year.别指望今年会加薪水。
go all out: do one’s utmost，spare no efforts全力以赴
例：I’ll team is going all out to win the championship.这个队为了争取冠军而全力以赴。
make a reference to: speak of or mention sb. or sth.提到，提及
例：The commentator made a pointed reference to the recent scan. dal.这个评论员有针对性地提到了最近的丑闻。
to the effect that: with the meaning that…,giving the information that…大意为例：He left a note to the effect that he would not be returning.他留下一张字条，大意是说他不回来了。
on the threshold of: at the point of entering or beginning of在……门口，在……的开端
例：The politician was on the threshold of his career.那位政治家的事业刚刚起步。
tie down: reduce to bondage；enslave束缚，限制，奴役
例：The veteran worker refuses to be tied。down by petty restric- tion.那个老工人不理会琐细的规章制度的限制。
in due course: at the appropriate time；eventually在适当的时机，最终例：Your request will be dealt with in due course.你的要求将在适当的时候予以处理。
it follows that: it shows that；from this we carl see that由此司见，由此断定例：He doesn’t come to work today，but it doesn’t necessarily follow that he is ill.他今天没来上班，但并不见得他就是病了。
Answer to Excercises in the text
I . Omitted.
II.
1)Hitler was hoping that if he attacked Russia, he would win in Britain and the U.S.
the support of those who were enemies of Communism.
2)Winant said the United States would adopt the same attitude.
3)In this way, my life is made much easier in this case, it will be much easier for
me to decide on my attitude towards events.
4)4)I will not take back a single word of what I have said about Communism.
5)I can see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, who, after suffering severe
losses in the aerial battle of England, now feel happy because they think they can easily beat the Russian air force without heavy loss.
6)We shall be more determined and shall make better and fuller use of our
resources.
7)Let us strengthen our unity and our efforts in the fight against Nazi Germany
when we have not yet been overwhelmed and when we are still powerful.
Ⅲ. Omitted.
IV.
1)anti-Communist 反共产主义的（人; antichrist反对基督（教）的（人）Here
“anti-”means “against”, “hostile to”, “opposed to”. Other examples, anti-Japanese, anticolonial, anti-party, anti-imperialist, anti-fascist, anti-apartheid, antidraft, antislavery, anti-Smith.
2)antibacterial抗细菌的，抗菌物；antifreeze 防冻剂In these two cases,
“anti-”means “preventing’, “curing’, “neutralizing” or “reducing”. Other examples : antiknock, antitoxin, anti-pollution, anti-malarial, antifriction, anti-icer.
3)antiaircraft 防空的anti-ballistic missile反弹道导弹Here “anti-”has the
meaning of “counteracting”, “operating against “or “resisting”. Other examples: antitank, antipersecution, antitrust, antigas, antisubmarine, antidote, antimagnetic.
4)antithesis （修辞学中的）对句，对话，偶句；antihero （小说，戏剧中）
不按传统性主角品格塑造的主角Here “anti-”means “opposite”, “reverse”.
Other examples : antimatter, antipole, antiparticle, antineutron, antiphrasis, antipode, antinovel.
V.
1)He was almost at the end of his powe rs when…
2)his reputation is uncertain.
3)He completely ignored…
4)People who are in a vulnerable position should not attack others.
5)This may teach the young man not to take foolish risks.
6)brought him great success.
7)The pupils took the teacher as their example.
8) ...an enormous pile of letters.
Ⅵ.
1)Whether for him, the arch anti-Communist, this was riot bowing down in the
House of Rimmon :whether he was not renouncing his previous attitude towards Communism; whether he was not changing his position since he had all along been opposed to Communism.
2)I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes: I think the Red armymen will be
surrounded and captured in surprisingly large numbers.
3)The Nazi regime is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial
domina tion: Here “appetite” is used metaphorically, meaning strong German desire for conquest.
4)Still smarting from many a British whipping: Here “whipping” is used
metaphorically, meaning counterattack.
5)rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke: Here both
“shadow” and “yoke” are used metaphorically, the former meaning the very strong power or influence (of Hitler) and the latter meaning control.
Ⅶ.
1)as cool as cucumber
2)fact and fantasy
3)He came back sound and safe.
4)She sang a song.
5) Next to health, heart and home, happiness for mobile Americans depends upon the automobile.
Ⅷ.
Parallelism
1) We will never parley
We will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang
2) We shall fight him by land
We shall fight him by sea
We shall fight him in the air
3) behind all this glare
behind all this storm I see
4) I see the Russian soldiers standing
I see them guarding...
I see the ten thousand villages...
I see advancing upon...
I see also the dull…
I see the German bombers…
I see that s mall group…
5) that is our policy
and that is our declaration
6) We shall be fortified and encouraged in our efforts.
We shall be strengthened and not weakened in determination and resources.
7) Let us learn the lessons already taught by such cruel experience.
Let us redouble our exertions…
Repetition:
1) We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose.
2) He has so long thrived and prospered.
3) We will never parley, we will never negotiate...
IX.
the Nazi war machine, a swarm of crawling locusts, small group of villainous men, his shadow, his yoke, his tyranny, Hitler’s blood-lust and the hateful appetites
X.
1) preparing, writing down 2) very fast and violently 3) obtaining, getting
4) returned 5) spent...on it 6) frontiers 7) ancient time 8) evil
9) agree 10) hold talks with our enemy ll) religious belief; faith
12) sadly, deplorably 13) great and sudden disaster
XI.
1)This is true of the rural area as well as of the urban area.
2)He was counting on their support.
3)I don’t remember his exact words, but I’m sure he did say something to that
effect.
4)Churchill said, “Tell Stalin that Britain has but one desire --to crush Hitler.
5)Only 9% of the population in that country remains illiterate.
6)This leaves them no choice but to rely on his efforts.
7)The guests were overwhelmed by the warm reception.
8)They overwhelmed the enemy by a surprise attack.
9)Their difficulty is our difficulty just as we view their victory as our own victory.
10)It is clear that German fascists were trying to put the people in that region under
their domination.
XII.
1)turn 2)turned...into 3)turn 4)turned to 5) turned…into 6 ) turning…to
7 ) turn … on 8) turned down 9 ) turned out 10)turned out 11)turn up XIII.(6) (1) (4) (7) (3) (2) (5)
XIV. Omitted.
XV. Omitted.
Lesson T wo
Vocabulary
reportorial ( adj.) :reporting报道的，报告的
kimono ( n.) :a loose out garment with short，wide sleeve and a sash。part of the traditional costume of Japanese men and women和服
preoccupation ( n.) :a matter which takes up an one’s attention令人全神贯注的事物oblivious ( adj.) :forgetful or unmindful(usually with of or to)忘却的；健忘的(常与of或to连用)
bob ( v.) :move or act in a bobbing manner，move suddenly or jerkily；to curtsy quickly上下跳动，晃动；行屈膝礼
ritual ( adj.) : of or having the nature of，or done as a rite or rites仪式的，典礼的facade ( n.) :the front of a building；part of a building facing a street，courtyard，etc.(房屋)正面，门面
lurch ( v.) :roll，pitch，or sway suddenly forward or to one side突然向前(或向侧面)倾斜
intermezzo ( n.) :a short piece of music played alone.or one which connects longer pieces插曲；间奏曲
gigantic ( adj.) :very big；huge；colossal；immense巨大的，庞大的，其大无比的usher ( n.) :an official doorkeeper门房；传达员
heave (v.) :utter(a sign，groan，etc.)with great effort or pain(费劲或痛苦地)发出(叹息、呻吟声等)
barge ( n.) :a large boat，usually flat—bottomed，for carrying heavy freight on rivers，canals，etc.；a large pleasure boat，esp. one used for state ceremonies，pageants，etc.大驳船；(尤指用于庆典的)大型游艇
moor ( v.) :hold(a ship，etc.)in place by cables or chains to the shore，or by anchors，etc.系泊；锚泊
arresting (adj.) :attracting attention；interesting；striking引人注目的；有趣的beige ( adj.) :grayish—tan米黄色；浅灰黄色的
tatami ( n.) :[Jap.]a floor mat woven of rice straw，used traditionally in Japanese homes for sitting on，as when eating[日]日本人家里铺在地板上的稻草垫，榻榻米stunning ( adj.) :[colloq.]remarkably attractive，excellent[口]极其漂亮的；极其出色的
twinge ( n.) :a sudden，brief，darting pain or pang；a sudden.brief feeling of remorse，shame，etc.刺痛，剧痛；痛心，懊悔，悔恨，内疚
slay ( v.) :(slew或slayed, slain，slaying)kill or destroy in a violent way杀害；毁掉linger ( v.) :continue to live or exist although very close to death or the end苟延；历久犹存
agony ( n.) :very great mental or physical pain(精神上或肉体上的)极度痛苦
inhibit ( v.) :hold back or keep from some action，feeling，etc 抑制(感情等)；约束(行动等)
spinal ( adj. ) :of or having to do with the spine or spinal cord脊背的；脊柱的；脊髓的
agitated ( adj.) :shaken；perturbed；excited颤抖的；不安的，焦虑的；激动的reverie ( n.) :a dreamy，fanciful，or visionary notion or daydream梦想；幻想；白日梦
heinous (adj.) :outrageously evil or wicked；abominable 极可恨的，极可恶的，极坏的
cataclysm ( n.) :a violent and sudden change or event.esp. a serious flood or earthquake灾变(尤指洪水、地震等)
demolish ( v.) :pull down，tear down，or smash to pieces拆毁，拆除；破坏，毁坏formaldehyde ( n.) :[chem.]a colorless，pungent gas，HCHO，used in solution as a strong disinfectant and preservation，and in the manufacture of synthetic resins，dyes. etc.[化]甲醛
ether ( n.) :[chem.]a light colorless liquid made from alcohol，which burns and is easily changed into a gas(used in industry and as an anaesthetic to put people to sleep before an operation)[化]醚；乙醚
humiliate ( v.) :hurt the pride or dignity of by causing to be or seem foolish or contemptible使受辱，使丢脸
genetic (adj.) :of or having to do with genetics遗传的
Expressions
have a lump in one’s throat: a feeling of pressure in one’s throat (cause by repressed emotion as love，sadness，etc.)如哽在喉，哽咽(因压制激动的情绪所致，如爱、悲伤等)
例：Many British people had a lump in their throat on hearing the death of Dianna.许多英国人在听到黛安娜王妃的死讯时如哽在喉。
on one’s mind: occupying one’s thoughts(esp.as a source of wor- ry，)占领某人的思绪，一直在想的(尤指忧虑的来源)
例：The thought that is always on my mind is whether to go broad or not.我一直在思考的一个问题是究竟要不要出国。
rub shoulders with: (infml)meet and mix with(people)与(人们)联系，交往例：The foreign visitors said that they would like to rub shoulders with ordinary Chinese people.那些外国游客们说他们愿意与中国老百姓有来往。
set off: start(a journey，race，etc.)开始(旅行，赛跑等)
例：If you want to catch that train we’better set off for the station immediately.你要是想赶上那班火车，咱们就最好马上动身去火车站。
flash by／along／past／through: move very quickly in the specified direction急速向某方向运动
例：The train flashed by at high speed火车疾驰而过。
sink in: (of liquids)go down into another substance；be absorbed (指液体)渗入，被吸收(fig.)(of words，etc.)be fully absorbed or un- derstood：penetrate esp.gradually(指话语等)完全理解
例：Rub the cream on your skin and let it sink in.把这种软膏搽在皮肤上，让它渗进去。The scale of the tragedy gradually sank in.这一悲惨事件涉及的范围已逐渐完全清楚了。
by trade: way of making a living，esp.a job that involves making sth.；occupation以…为谋生之道(尤指以制造某物为业)
例：be a butcher，carpenter，tailor，etc.by trade做肉商、木匠、裁缝等
Answers to Excercises
I . Omitted.
II.
1)They were so absorbed in their conversation that they seemed not to pay any
attention to the people around them.
2)As soon as the taxi driver saw a traveler, he immediately opened the door.
3)The traditional floating houses among high modern buildings represent the
constant struggle between old tradition and new development.
4)I suffered from a strong feeling of shame when I thought of the scene of meeting
the mayor of Hiroshima wearing my socks only.
5)The few Americans and Germans seemed just as restrained as I was.
6)After three days in Japan one gets quite used to bowing to people as a ritual to
show gratitude.
7)I was on the point of showing my agreement by nodding when I suddenly realized
what he meant.His words shocked me out my sad dreamy thinking.
8)I thought for some reason or other no harm had been done to me.
Ⅲ. Omitted.
Ⅳ.
1)n.+present participle：epoch-making，face-keeping，time-consuming，
nerve-wracking
2)n.+past participle：home-made，bedridden，sun-burnt，heartfelt
高级英语第三版第一册课后英译汉答案 Unit1Paraphrase: 1.We’re23feet above sea level. 2.The house has been here since1915,andno hurricane has ever caused any damag e to it. 3.We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage. 4.Water got into the generator and put it out.It stopped producing electricity,so the lights also went out. 5.Everybody goes out through the back door and runs to the cars! 6.The electrical systems in the car(the battery for the starter)had been put out by w ater. 7.As John watched the water inch its way up the steps,he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee i nland. 8.Oh God,please help us to get through this storm safely 9.Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew di mmer and finally stopped. 10.Janis displayed the fear caused by the hurricanerather late. 1.每架飞机起飞之前必须经过严格的检查。（check out） Each and every airplane must be checked out thoroughly before taking off. 2.居民坚决反对在附近建立垃圾焚烧厂，因为他们担心工厂排放的气体会污染周围的空气。（waste incineration plant,concerned about） The residents were firmly against the construction of a waste incineration plant in th eir neighborhood because they were deeply concerned about the air pollution emitt ed by the plant. 3.在这个地区，生态工程的投资额高达数十亿。（mount to） In this area,investment in ecological projects mounted up to billions of yuan. 4.干枯的河道里布满了大大小小的石块。（strewn with） The dry riverbed was strewn with rocks of all sizes. 5.虽然战争给这个国家造成巨大的损失，但当地的文化传统并没有消亡。（perish）Although war caused great losses to this country,its local cultural traditi ons did not perish. 6.为了建筑现代化的高楼大厦，许多古老的、具有民族特色的建筑都被拆毁了。（demolish） To make space for modern high rises,a lot of ancient buildings with ethnic cultural fe atures had to be demolished. 7.在地震中多数质量差的房子的主体结构都散架了。（disintegrate） The main structures of most of the poor-quality houses disintegrated in the earthqua ke. 8.他为实现自己的目标付出了最大的努力，但最后美好的梦想还是化为了泡影。
全国2013年10月高等教育自学考试 高级英语试题 课程代码：00600 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。 选择题部分 注意事项： 1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。 2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。 I. Each of the following sentences is given four choices of words or expressions. Choose the right one to complete the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. (15 points, 1 point for each) 1．Dorothy accepted the news of war with ______ and sadness. A． excitement B． commitment C． bewilderment D． embarrassment 2． The government could face defeat if it tries to push through the ______ proposals. A． doubtful B． conspicuous C． questionable D． controversial 3． This single market is designed to ______ barriers to the free movement of goods, services and people. A． terminate B． abolish C． eliminate D． exclude 4． He has emerged from being a(n) ______ and unsure candidate into a fluent debater. A． hesitant B． indifferent C． pleasant D． considerate 5．Large paintings can ______ the feeling of space in small rooms. A． endear B． enhance C． enlarge D． encourage
高英课内考点：第一课：Paraphrase 1、we’re elevated 23 feet. Our house is 23 feet above sea level. 2、The place has been here since 1915,and no hurricane has ever bothered it. The house was built in 1915,and since then no hurricane has done any damage to it. 3、We can batten down and ride it out. We can make the necessary preparation and survive the hurricane without much damage. 4、The generator was doused,and the lights went out. Water got into the generator,it stopped working.As a result all lights were put out. 5、Everybody out the back door to the cars! Everyone go out through the back door and get into the cars! 6、The electrical systems had been killed by water.
The electrical systems in the cars had been destroyed by water. 7、John watched the water lap at the steps,and felt a crushing guilt. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps,he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the family by making the wrong decision not to flee inland. 8、Get us through this mess,will You? Oh,God,please help us to get through this dangerous situation. 9、She carried on alone for a few bars;then her voice trailed away. She sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped. 10、Janis had just one delayed reaction. Janis didn’t show any fear on the spot during the storm,but she revealed her feelings caused by the storm a few nights after the hurricane by getting up in the middle of the night and crying softly. 英译汉： 1、But,like thousands of others in the coastal communities,John was reluctant to abandon his home unless the family----his wife,Janis,and their seven children,aged 3 to 11---was clearly endangered.
2000年10月高级英语试题及答案 课程代码：0600 本试题分两部分，第一部分考核课程内容，1页至4页；选择题42分，非选择题18分。 第二部分考核水平，4页至8页；选择题20分，非选择题20分。本试题共8页，满分100分。考试时间150分钟。全部题目用英语作答（英语汉题目除外），并将答案写在答题纸的相应位置上，否则不记分。 Part One 1.The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks, followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to X. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your answer sheet. One word or expression for each blank only. (0.5 point each, 12 points) . Programmers live in (1) fear of losing anyone's attention -anyone's. The (2) way to avoid doing so is to (3) everything brief, not to (4) the attention of anyone but instead to provide constant (5) through variety, novelty, action and (6). .But before he ever begins to write he will have (7) an emotional attitude from which he will never completely (8). It is his job, no doubt, to (9) his temperament and (10) getting stuck at some (11) stage, or in some (12) mood. .His car needs mechanics, and mechanics grow more expensive and less (13). The gadgets in the home are cheaper to (14) than repair. The more efficiently (15) the home seems to be, the more dependent it is on the great (16) corporations, as well as a diminishing army of servitors. Skills at the lowest level have to be (17) slavishly and exorbitantly (18). .It is only lately that I have (19) how much science of genetics is (20). Agronomists have taken to (21) all sorts of vegetables and fruits (22) their original nature. This sounds wonderful and often is insane. For the scientists have not as a rule (23) any interest whatsoever in the taste of the things they have (24) with! A.acquired B.avoid C.breeding D.changing E.constant F.discipline G.efficient H.escape I.found J.impersonal K.involved L.keep M.movement N.perverse O.premature P.replace Q.rewarded R.self-contained S.stimulation T.strain U.surest V.taken W.tempered X.wooed II. There are 15 sentences with a blank in each, followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to X. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your answer sheet. One word or expression for each blank only. (1 point each, 15 points) 25.In a hot summer day you would find the village children () in the small pond behind the woods. 26. I don't like the dishes in some Chinese restaurants abroad; for they () the local taste too much and the result is that the food is neither Chinese nor foreign. 27.Two pupils from the "Hope Schools" were () to represent Chinese children in the Euro 2000 ceremonies. 28. I think there is too much ( ) made by all people concerned, the parents, the media, and the authorities, about the university entrance examinations. 29. Suddenly the lights went out. She () in the dark for the matches. 30.He was very sad because he had tried very hard in the last three years but ()very little.
Lesson One 1. And it is an activity only of humans. And conversation is an activity found only among human beings. 2. Conversation is not for making a point. Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or points of views. 3. In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose. In fact , people who are good at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his ideas. 4. Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives. People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not close friends for they are not deeply absorbed in each other’s private lives. 5. ....it could still go ignorantly on ... The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong. 6. There are cattle in the fields ,but we sit down to beef. These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feed in the fields , but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meet beef. 7. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language. The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it hard for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers. 8. English had come royally into its own. English received proper recognition and was used by the King once more. 9. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes. The phrase , the King’s English ,has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes.(The working people often mock the proper and formal language of the educated people.) 10. The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there. As the early Saxon peasants , the working people still have a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class. 11. There is always a great danger that “ words will harden into things for us. “ There is always a great danger , as Carlyle put it , that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent. Translation
高级英语第1册修辞练习第3版 Point the rhetorical devices used in the following sentences Lesson 1 1.We can batten down and ride it out. (Metaphor ) 2.Wind and rain now whipped the house. ( Metaphor ) 3.Stay away from the windows. (Elliptical sentence ) 4.--- the rain seemingly driven right through the walls. ( Simile) 5.At 8:30, power failed. (Metaphor ) 6.Everybody out the back door to the cars. (Elliptical sentence ) 7.The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ( Simile ) 8…the electrical systems had been killed by water.( metaphor ) 9.Everybody on the stairs. ( elliptical sentence) 10.The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. ( simile ) 11. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet though the air. ( personification ) 12…it seized a 600,000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away. ( personification ) 13.Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.( simile ) 14.Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point. ( Transferred epithet ) 15. Up the stairs --- into our bedroom. ( Elliptical sentence ) 16.The world seemed to be breaking apart. ( Simile ) 17. Water inched its way up the steps as first floor outside walls collapsed. (Metaphor ) 18.Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees.. (Metaphor ) 19…and blown-down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the road.( simile ) 20…household and medical supplies streamed in by plane, train, truck and car. (metaphor ) 21.Camille, meanwhile, had raked its way northward across Mississippi, dropped more than 28 inches of rain into West.( metaphor ) Lesson2 1 Hiroshima—the”Liveliest”City in Japan.—irovy 2 That must be what the man in the Japanese stationmaster’s uniform shouted,as the fastest train in the world slipped to a stop in Hiroshima Station.—alliteration 3 And secondly.because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything in Nippon railways official might say.—metaphor 4 Was I not at the scene of crime?—rhetorical question 5 The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.—synecdoche,metonymy
绍兴文理学院元培学院学年学期 英语专业____级《高级英语（上）》试卷（D） I. Matching (10%) Directions: Match the phrases in Column A with the appropriate Chinese explanations in Column B. Write down the letters with corresponding numbers on your ANSWER SHEET. Column A Column B 1 attribute to A 实行，实现，使生效 2 fall into B 一事无成，无进展 3 put … into effect C 恰当的例子 4 meddle in D 插手，干涉 5 pass for E 归因于 6 a case in point F 落入，陷入，分为 7 get nowhere G 误认为 8 in proper perspective H 强加于 9 let down I 用恰当的观点 10 impose on J 放下，降低，使失望 II. Paraphrase (20%) Directions: Explain in English the meaning of the underlined words or expressions in each of the following sentences and then write your answers on your ANSWER SHEET. 11. Unfortunately, acceptance, the imprecise response packing the least educational punch, gets the most equitable sex distribution in classrooms. 12. Classroom chivalry is not only misplaced; it is detrimental. 13. In a railroad accident a menagerie-tiger, whose cage had broken open, is said to have emerged, but presently crept back again. 14. A practical joker saw a discharged veteran carrying home his dinner. 15. The tiger is said to have emerged, but presently crept back again, as if too much bewildered by his new responsibilities. 16. The relationship is a formal and formalized one for which conventionalities suffice. 17. The construction of our vehicle presupposes a design. 18. This confident attitude, so essential to development of future speaking skill, is very fragile and can be stifled quite early. 19. The lion’s share of the damage is man’s doing. 20. I can guess that you are living on a devastated Earth. 21. Government is supposed to be the way we human beings handle our collective affairs, but we just can’t seem to get the hang of it. 22. As a model of lucid scrutiny of a life’s experience, Maugham’s The Summing-Up is unsurpassed. 23. I have never had to put wet towels round an aching brain in order to excavate the meanings from a poem of Tennyson. 24. Religious groups and those who elevate the status of poverty as they equate money with evil exhort us to live simply. 25. Some, on the other hand, determine to break out of their fettered status and relentlessly strive for their share of the gold. 26. Many fine business ideas go down the drain in this way. 27. They develop skills, become knowledgeable, develop expertise, and work very hard. 28. Jukes had been somewhat taken aback by the startling viciousness of the first squall. 29. Such is the prestige, the privilege, and the burden of command. 30. It unveiled the black figures of men caught on the bridge, heads forward, as if petrified in the act of butting. III. Reading Comprehension (30%) Directions: In this section there are four passages followed by a total of 15 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages carefully and then write your answers on your ANSWER SHEET. Passage One You may not have thought of it just this way, but the letter you write is part of you, and expression of your personality. Therefore to write letters that are mere patterns of form is to present a colorless personality. Letters, by their very nature, are too individual to be standardized. A letter may be absolutely perfect according to the standards of good taste and good form; but unless it also expresses something of the writer’s personality, it is not a good letter. In other words, don't be satisfied to write letters that are just correct and nothing more. Try to write letters that are correct for you... letters that are warm and alive with reflections of your own personality. And if this sounds like a platitude (陈词滥调), stop for a moment and think back over your recent correspondence. What was the most interesting letter you received? Was it a letter anyone could have written? Or was it a letter that instantly “came alive”as you read it—that brought the personality of the sender right into the room with you.
第一课Face to face with Hurricane Camille Translation (C-E) 1. Each and every plane must be checked out thoroughly before taking off. 每架飞机起飞之前必须经过严格的检查。 2. The residents were firmly opposed to the construction of a waste incineration plant in their neighborhood because they were deeply concerned about the plant’s emissions polluting the air.居民坚决反对在附近建立垃圾焚烧厂，因为他们担心工厂排放的气体会污染周围的空气。 3. Investment in ecological projects in this area mounted up to billions of Yuan. 在这个地区，生态工程的投资额高达数十亿元。 4. The dry riverbed was strewn with rocks of all sizes.干枯的河道里布满了大大小小的石块。 5. Although war caused great losses to this country, its cultural traditions did not perish.虽然战争给这个国家造成巨大的损失，但当地的文化传统并没有消亡。 6. To make space for modern high rises, many ancient buildings with ethnic cultural features had to be demolished.为了建筑现代化的高楼大厦，许多古老的，具有民族特色的建筑物都被拆毁了。 7. In the earthquake the main structures of most of the
Lesson 1 Question: 1. Why did John Koshak decide to stay although he knew the hurricane would be bad? For the following reasons: For one thing, the house was 23 feet above sea level; for another,he was unwilling to abandon his home. 2. How did the man prepare for the hurricane? Why was a generator necessary? They filled bathtubs and pails. Besides, they checked out batteries for portable radio and flashlights, and fuel for the lantern. A generator was necessary because John's father wired several light bulbs to it and prepared a connection to the refrigerator. 3. What made it impossible for the Koshak to escape? It was impossible for the Koshers to escape both by car and on foot. The car's electrical system had been killed by water. Meanwhile, the water became too deep for them to escape on foot. 4. Why did John Koshak feel a crushing guilt? Because he blamed himself for underestimating the power of the hurricane and then endangering the whole family by his wrong decision not to flee safer inland. 5. Why did Grandma Koshak ask children to be sing? A: Because she knew how frightened the children were and wanted to boost their spirit. 6. What was a hurricane party? What happened to the party gores? A hurricane party was the one that was held by several vacationers to enjoy the spectacle of the hurricane with a clear and broad view in the fancy Richelieu Apartments from where they believed they would be safe. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart by the hurricane and 26 people perished. 7. What did Grandma Koshak mean when she said," We lost practically all our possessions, but the family came through it. When I think of that, I realize we lost nothing important?" She meant that human lives are more important than material possessions. 8. How did the community of Gulfport act after Hurricane Camille was over? They managed to make their lives return to normal and began rebuilding their community without any delay. Paraphrase: 1. We're elevated 23 feet. Our house is 23 feet above sea level. 2. The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it. The house was built in 1915 and since then no hurricane has done any damage to it. 3. We can batten down and ride it out. We can prepare ourselves for the hurricane and manage to survive it without much damage. 4. The generator was doused, and the lights went out. Water got into the generator, and it didn't work. As a result, the lights were put out. 5. Everybody out the back door to the cars! Everybody go out though the back door and get into the cars. 6. The electrical system had been killed by water. The electrical system in the cars had been destroyed by water. 7. John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt. When John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he b