高中英语语法学案----名词性从句
【高频考点解读】
名词性从句是高考常考的语法项目，主要考查对连接词的正确把握。分析历年各地的高考试题不难发现，连接代词what的用法是考查的热点。另外，在同位语从句中，经常考查that的用法。除此之外，其他连接词的用法以及从句的语序也时有考查。
【热点题型】
题型一主语从句
例1、It doesn’t matter ________ you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.
A．whether B．how
C．if D．when
【易错剖析】本题容易误选C。if只有在宾语从句中有“是否”含义，与whether换用，主语从句只能用whether。
【提分秘籍】
1．引导词
(1)that不充当句子成分，本身无意义，仅起连接作用，但不能省略。
(2)whether不充当句子成分，但有“是否”的意义，不能省略，不能用if代替。还常和or 连用，构成“whether...or...……或者……”。
(3)who，whom，what，which，whose本身有意义(和其作疑问词同义)，在句中作主语、宾语或定语，不能省略。
(4)where，when，how，why本身有意义(和其作疑问词同义)，在句中作状语，不能省略。
(5)whever引导的从句和不带ever的引导词在句中所做成分一样，但其意义上多了“无论……；任何……”的含义。
What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
Barbara Jones给她粉丝的就是诚信和快乐。
Whether there are living creatures in the outer space as those on Earth hasn’t been proved up to now.
外太空是否存在像地球上一样的生物迄今尚未确定。
2．由it作形式主语的句型
(1)It＋be＋形容词(obvious，natural，good，funny，etc.)＋that从句。
(2)It＋be＋名词性词组(no wonder，an honour，a pity，no surprise，etc.)＋that从句。
(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said，reported，thought，expected，etc.)＋that从句。
(4)It doesn’t matter/makes no difference，etc.＋连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句。
It matters much whether the headmaster supports our activity.校长是否支持我们的活动很重要。
It was never clear why the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.
为什么这个人没有尽快报告这起事故还不清楚。
It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
我真想不到你竟然说服了他，使他改变了主意。
【举一反三】
It even leaves the scientists in wonder ________they should call the newlyborn creature，which looks halfhuman and halfanimal.
A．that B．why
C．what D．how
解析：选C。句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是“________ they should call the newly born creature，which looks halfhuman and halfan imal.”从句中缺少宾语，所以用what。全句意为“他们应该把这种新出生的生物称作生命,他们看上去半人半兽，这件事让科学家们很困惑”。
题型二宾语从句
例2、As many five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ________ suits you best.
A．whatever B．whichever
C．whenever D．wherever
【易错剖析】本题容易误选A。只考虑到了宾语从句中缺少主语，没有考虑到句子的具体意义，应该用“(其中)任何一个”。
【提分秘籍】
其引导词的用法基本和主语从句相同,但需注意以下几点：
(1)that从句一般不能充当介词宾语,但在except(除了……)，in(在于……)后可以。
He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless.
他是个好学生，就是有点粗心。
He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.他和他的同学不同的地方在于他把课余时间用在了读书上。
(2)whether引导的宾语从句可以由if代替，但介词后只能用whether。
They are talking about whether they should carry out the plan.他们正在讨论是否该实施这项计划。
(3)在某些动词,如find，feel，think，consider,make, believe等后有宾语从句时,常用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置.
We think it highly probable that he is dead.
我们认为他已经死了，这是非常可能的。
We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.
他应当改进他的发音，我们认为这是必要的。
He has made it clear that he will not give in.
他不会屈服的，这一点他已明确表示了。
【举一反三】
After seven hours’ drive，they reached ________they thought was the place they had been dreamt of.
A．that B．what
C．where D．which
解析：选B。what引导的从句作reach的宾语，从句中they thought是插入语，去掉之
后可以看出从句中缺少主语。
题型三表语从句
例3、I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer，which is_______ he never finishes anything.
A．that B．when
C．where D．why
【解析】选D。句意：我觉得与其说他是个实干家不如说他是个空谈家，这就是为什么他从来不会完成任何事情的原因。分析句子结构可知,which引导非限制性定语从句,which 指代前面的整个句子he’s more of a talker than a doer；在定语从句中，is后面为表语从句，由句意可知which指代的内容是表语从句内容的原因，故用why引导表语从句。
【易错剖析】本题容易误选A。没有理解准确整句话的意义：前面的主句是后面的原因。
【提分秘籍】
表语从句引导词的用法基本和宾语从句相同，但要注意以下几点：
①that引导表语从句时，不能省略。
②whether引导表语从句时，不能用if代替。
③主句的主语是the reason时,其表语从句的引导词为that，不能用because。
China is no longer what she used to be.
中国再也不是从前的中国了。
My decision is that all of us are to start at 6∶00 tomorrow morning.我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。
The problem is whether we can get enough money.
问题是我们能否弄到足够的钱。
【举一反三】
—On Sundays I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
—That’s ________ I don’t agree.You should have a more active life.
A．what B．when
C．how D．where
解析：选D。where引导的从句作表语，此句句意：那就是我不同意的地方。须注意：agree是不及物动词，后面不能接宾语，所以不能用what。
题型四同位语从句
例4、The notice came around two in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be postponed.
A．when B．that
C．whether D．how
【解析】选B。本题考查名词性从句。句意：会议将被推迟的通知下午2点钟左右发布。分析句式结构可知，所填词语引导的从句________the meeting would be postponed说明的是主语the notice的内容，即同位语从句。由于从句与先行词the notice被主句谓语部分came around two in the afternoon分隔，从而加大了识别的难度。从句内容完整，不需要添加when或how作状语，也不含有不确定因素，不能使用whether，故选B项。
【易错剖析】本题容易误选A。把从句看成了定语从句修饰the afternoon，通过句意不难看出从句是用来说明the notice的具体内容的，它们之间是同位语关系。
【提分秘籍】
1．同位语从句常放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt等名词的后面，是对前面的名词作进一步的解释，说明前面名词的具体含义。
There seems to be no possibility that Li Hua can win the first prize in the 100meter race.
看起来似乎李华在一百米比赛中没有可能获得一等奖。
There is a popular belief among the Europeans that chicken soup can help cure flu.
欧洲人普遍相信鸡汤可以帮助治愈流感。
The question has been raised at the meeting whether each member country should equally share the expense of the committee.每一个成员国是否均等分担委员会的费用在会议上被提出来。
I have no idea when he will come back.
我不知道他将何时回来。
2．同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
同位语从句是对前面名词的内容作进一步的解释、说明，引导词只起引导作用，不在句中作任何成分，一般不可省略。定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制，引导词在句中作一定的句子成分。
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。(此句为同位语从句，进一步解释“the news”的内容)
The news you told me yesterday was really disappointing.
你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。(此句是定语从句，它指的是“你昨天告诉我的那个消息”)
【举一反三】
One of the glorious moments in my school life was ________ I was awarded the Mayor’s Award.
A．why B．how
C．that D．when
【高考风向标】
【2015·北京】33.I truly believe ______beauty comes from within.
A. that
B. where
C. what
D. why
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我很相信美丽源自于内心! 本题考查宾语从句。从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略。从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略。故选A。
【2015·安徽】25.A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ______ ships are built for.
A. what
B. whom
C. why
D. when
【答案】A
【解析】句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。isn’t后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，用what引导，what与for连用，表示目的。故选A。
【2015·浙江】6. If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.
A. what
B. who
C. that
D. whoever
【答案】A
【2015·重庆】8.We must find out ____ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.
A.when
B. how
C. where
D. why
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我们必须弄明白什么时候来，因此我们能给他预定房间。Find out 后面跟着宾语从句。根据句意选when。
【2015·四川】8.The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution.
A. where
B. why
C. what
D. which
【答案】B
【解析】考查宾语从句。本句考查宾语从句的引导词。宾语从句中不缺少主语和宾语，故选项C错误，选项D担当定语，也错误。根据意思：这个展览告诉了我们，我们为什么要停止空气污染而不是我们在哪儿停止空气污染，故选择B。
【2015·福建】29—I wonder _________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
—By working out every day.
A.where
B. how
C. why
D. If
【答案】B
【解析】考查宾语从句。句中I是主语，wonder是谓语，how引导的宾语从句在整个句子中做宾语。连接副词How是宾语从句中的方式状语。句子是用表示方式的介词by回答的，所以是针对方式题提问的，故用how。根据句意---我好奇玛丽在这些年是怎么保持着身材的。--通过每天锻炼。故选C
【2015·江苏】25._____ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.
A. That
B. Why
C. Where
D. How
【答案】C
【2015·北京】35. _____we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
A. Where
B.How
C.Why
D. When
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我们如何理解事情与我们所感受的有很大关系。根据句意可知，主语从句缺少方式状语，因此选择how。故选B。
1．(2014·大纲全国卷)Exactly________the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
【答案】when
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：土豆被引进欧洲的确切时间不确定，但是可能是1565年左右。结合句意可知，when引导主语从句，且在从句中作时间状语。
2．(2014·北京卷)Some people believe ________ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
【答案】whatever
【解析】本题考查主语从句的引导词。句意：一些人认为，无论是以前发生过的还是现在正在发生的(事情)，在将来都会再次发生。believe后为宾语从句，而在宾语从句中，设空处引导主语从句，谓语部分为will repeat。has happened前缺少主语，故设空处引导主语从句并在从句中作主语成分，意为“无论什么”，故用whatever。
3．(2014·重庆卷)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah, but I have no idea ________ he did it; that's one of his favorite universities.
【答案】why
【解析】本题考查同位语从句的引导词。句意：“昨天迈克拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取，这是真的吗？”“是的，但是我不知道他为什么这样做；那是他最喜欢的大学之一。”idea后接同位语从句，表示某个想法的具体内容。根据that's one of his favorite universities(那是他最喜欢的大学之一)可知，“我”不知道他拒绝耶鲁大学的原因(why)。
4．(2014·福建卷)Pick yourself up. Courage is doing________you're afraid to do.
【答案】what
【解析】本题考查名词性从句的引导词。句意：振作起来。勇敢就是做你(明知自己)害怕做的事情。分析句子结构可知，动词doing后接的是宾语从句，从句中do后缺的是宾语，需用what引导。
5．(2014·陕西卷)________the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
【答案】When
6．(2014·湖南卷)As John Lennon once said, life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
【答案】what
【解析】考查表语从句。句意：正如约翰·列侬曾经说过的一样，当我们正在为生活疲于奔波时，生活已离我们远去。what引导的是一个表语从句，且在表语从句中作主语。
7．(2014·四川卷)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's ________ I was born. ”
【答案】where
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：奶奶指着医院说，“那是我出生的地方。”根据语境及句子结构可知，空格处用where引导表语从句。
8．(2014·天津卷)I think________impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.
【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，think后是一个复合宾语从句，该从句中含有主语从句和定语从句，主语从句中缺少主语，因此用what。
9．(2014·山东卷)It is difficult for us to imagine________life was like for slaves in the ancient world.
【答案】what
【解析】考查连接代词。句意：我们很难想象在古代奴隶的生活是什么样子的。what was...like？＝how was...？表示“某事怎么样呢？”。
10. (2014·江苏卷)—What a mess！You are always so lazy!
—I'm not to blame, mum. I am________you have made me.
【答案】what
11．(2013·北京，31)________makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
A．That B．What C．Who D．Which
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词性从句。此题题干部分is为系动词，the creative imagination of the writer为表语，故is之前为主语从句。从句中缺少主语指事物，故填what。句意：使得这本书如此不同寻常的是作者富于创造的想象力。
12．(2013·湖南，28)Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell______close you may be to victory.
A．how B．that C．which D．where
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词性从句。动词tell之后为宾语从句，再可以看出宾语从句部分为感叹句转换而来，描述形容词close用how，故选A。
13．(2013·江西，30)________ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.
A．Whoever B．Whatever
C．Whichever D．Wherever
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句。主句谓语为will have to pay，之前为主语从句，根据句意：无论你们其中哪个人弄坏窗子都得为之赔偿。whichever“无论哪一个”，故选C。
14．(2013·山东，30)It's good to know________the dogs will be well cared for while we're away.
A．what B．whose C．which D．that
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句。动词know之后为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故用that 表陈述一件实事。
15．(2013·陕西，20)It remains to be seen ________ the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.
A．that B．which C．what D．whether
【答案】D
16．(2013·天津，15)________I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
A．That B．Which C．Whether D．What
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句。主句谓语为is，之前为主语从句，从句中缺少动词tell的直接宾语，指事物，故填what；而which意为“哪一个”，that、whether均不做成分。
17．(2013·新课标Ⅰ，26)Police have found________appears to be the lost ancient statue.
A．which B．where C．how D．what
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句。动词found后所接为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语指事物，故填上代词what。
18．(2013·浙江，16)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
A．how B．that C．which D．whether
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词性从句。此处belief后所接的从句对其内容进行解释说明，故为同位语从句，陈述一个事实，答案为B。
19．(2013·安徽，21)From space, the earth looks blue.This is ________about seventy－one percent of its surface is covered by water.
A．why B．how C．because D．whether
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句。此处考查表语从句。根据句意：地球看起来是蓝色的。这是因为其表面71%是被水覆盖的。
20．(2013·四川，6)________you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.
A．When B．How C．What D．That
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句。此句谓语动词为describes，之前的部分即为主语从句。主语从句中缺少谓语said的宾语，故选用代词what作said的宾语引导主语从句；that在名词性从句中不做成分，只表陈述的语气；而when和how为副词，不能做主干成分。
【高考押题】
1．It is our responsibility, so ________ I don't want now is to push it to the students.
【答案】what
2．Research suggests an increase in voice is a signal ________ someone is lying.
【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：研究表明声音的提高是一个人在撒谎的标志。分析句子结构可知，空格后的句子意思完整，不缺少任何成分，故用that引导同位语从句，该从句用于解释说明signal的内容。
3．The small mountain village ________ we spent our holiday last month lies in ________ is now part of Hubei.
【答案】where; what
【解析】考查定语从句和宾语从句。“________ we spent our holiday last month”是定语从句，修饰先行词The small mountain village，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故第一空用where; “________ is now part of Hubei”是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，故用what。
4．His family members gave some examples of ________ his drinking and smoking had affected the family.
【答案】how
【解析】考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，“________ his drinking and smoking had
affected the family”是宾语从句，引导从句的连接词表示方式，故用how。
5．It has been proved ________ several new kinds of medicine ________ a positive effect on the cure of H7N9.
【答案】that; have
【解析】考查主语从句和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，It是形式主语，真正的主语是主语从句“________ several new kinds ... the cure of H7N9”，该主语从句的引导词仅起连接作用，无任何意义，故第一空用that，从句中several new kinds of medicine作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
6．It is no use doing ________ you like; you have got to like ________ you do.
【答案】what; what
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：干你喜欢的事是没有用的；你得喜欢你所干的事。第一空引导宾语从句且在从句中作like的宾语，表示“……的事情”，故用what；第二空引导宾语从句且在从句中作do的宾语，表示“……的事情”，故也用what。
7．He jumped out of bed and ran to the door to see ________ the parcel was for.
【答案】who
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：他从床上跳下来，跑到门口去看这个包裹是给谁的。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句作see的宾语，且空处在从句中作介词for的宾语。
8．You can complain, but I doubt ________ it will make any difference.
【答案】whether
9．The bride and groom gave ________ attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness.
【答案】whoever
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：新郎和新娘给任何一个参加他们婚礼的人发一些礼物以分享他们的幸福。分析句子成分可知，“________ attended their wedding”是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，再结合句意可知应用whoever。
10．Helen has just heard the news from her father ________ her boyfriend David will come back soon.
【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：海伦刚从她的父亲那儿得到消息，她的男朋友大卫很快就会回来。分析句子结构可知，“________her boyfriend David will come back soon”是同位语从句，且从句意思完整。不缺少任何成分，故用that引导。
11．The message of Saving Private Ryan is ________ humans want peace, not war.
【答案】that
【解析】考查表语从句。句意：《拯救大兵瑞恩》传达的信息是人们想要和平而不是战争。此处引导表语从句，从句不缺少成分，所以用that。
12．There is still some doubt ________ the system will work even though all the factors have been considered.
【答案】whether
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：即使所有的因素都考虑了，系统是否会运行仍有些疑问。whether引导的同位语从句作doubt的同位语，whether表示“是否”。
13．John seemed puzzled about ________ the question meant.
【答案】what
14．The teacher won't explain ________ it is that makes his students so fascinated by his lessons.
【答案】what
【解析】考查宾语从句。“________ it is that makes...by his lessons”为宾语从句，另外，从句使用了强调句型，强调主语what。
15．It is announced that big prizes will go to ________ finishes the assignment on time.
【答案】whoever
【解析】考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，“________ finishes the assignment on time”是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语；再结合“大奖将颁给任何一个按时完成任务的人”可知，此处应用whoever。
16.________ he referred to in his article was often discussed by many people.
【答案】What
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：他在文章里提到的(问题)经常被很多人讨论。分析句子结构可知，“________ he referred to in his article”是主语从句，且空处在从句中作宾语，故用What。
17.The notice came around two o'clock in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be put off.
【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：下午两点左右传来会议将会被推迟的通知。that引导同位语从句，该从句解释说明The notice的具体内容。
18.Maybe all Americans realize that ________ they expect to be the next president will face masses of problems.
【答案】whoever
19.Thanks to scientific research, we now have a good understanding of ________ an
earthquake is and why it happens.
【答案】what
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：多亏了科学研究，我们现在对地震是什么、为什么会发生地震这两个问题有了很好的了解。________ an earthquake is and why it happens是两个并列的宾语从句，作介词of的宾语，空处在第一个宾语从句中作表语，表示“什么”，因此用what。
20. ________ shocks the audience in the film Back to 1942 is the great suffering the famine (饥荒) brought to Henan people.
【答案】What
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：电影《一九四二》让观众震惊的是饥荒给河南人民带来的巨大痛苦。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语。注意：which主要强调的是“哪一个”，是有范围的选择，而what主要强调的是“什么”，没有范围，因此用what。
2019届二轮复习语法专题名词性从句学案 在复合句中起到名词作用的从句叫名词性从句，包括主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的词有：连词that，whether，if；连接代词和连接副词what, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why，how等。名词性从句可以表示两方面：一个事实，一个问题。问题又分两方面即一般问句和特殊问句，请看下图： 一、主语从句就是做主语的从句。它由 that 和其他疑问词引导。 1．That they are rich is true, isn't it? (that 不能省略) 2．Where he got it is unknown to us. 3．They lost their way in the woods, and what made matters worse was that night began to fall. 4．Whoever said that was wrong. 5．______ ______ _______ ______ _______ ______ ______ (地球围绕太阳转) is a truth. 6．_______ _______ _______ (任何努力学习的人) will pass the exam. 7．______ ____ _____ ______(我所告诉你的) just now was what had been written in the letter. 8．_______ ______ _________ _____ _______ _____ _____ ____( 我是接受礼物还是拒绝它)is none of your business. 有时用 it 作形式主语，而把真正的主语从句移到后面。其句型有： a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句 It is necessary/important that… 有必要/重要的是…… It is obvious that… 很明显…… b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句 It is believed that…人们相信…… It is known to all that…从所周知…… It has been decided that…已决定…… c. It + be +名词+ that-从句 It is common knowledge that………是常识 It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是…… It is a fact that…事实是…… d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
高中英语定语从句详解 Ⅰ、概念: (１) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语得从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词（antｅcedｅｎt)后面。 (2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰得成份。先行词可以为一个词,短语，或整个主句。 (3)引导定语从句得词叫关系词,分为关系代词与关系副词。 关系词得作用: 1) 引导定语从句，连接主句与从句,相当于一个连词; ２) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语，状语) 常用得关系代词: ｔhat、wｈｉcｈ、wｈo、whom、wｈosｅ,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，关系代词可以省略。 常用得关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when(时间状语）、why(原因状语)、wｈe ｒｅ（地点状语） 可以修饰人得关系代词:thａt, ｗho，wｈｏｍ,whosｅ 可以修饰事得关系代词:tｈat, whｉcｈ, as，whose, The studeｎt who answerｅd ｔhe ｑuestion was John、 Ｉkｎow thｅｒeasoｎwhy he wａｓso angｒy、 The bｏy （wｈom) ｙou are taｌkｉnｇｔo is myｂrotｈｅｒ、 Ｉ'd likｅ a ｒoｏｍwhose window fａｃesｔｈe sea、 定语从句三步： 第一找出先行词; 第二瞧先行词在定语从句中得语法功能（做主语、宾语、表语或状语); 第三选择合适得关系词。 Ⅱ、几个关系代词得基本用法: ●tｈat:可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。(指人时,相当于whｏ或wｈｏｍ;指物时,相当于whiｃh)（一般不用于非限制性定语从句；不可置于介词后作宾语) 如: 1、A lｅtteｒthaｔ／which is wrｉtｔen in peｎcｉl is diffiｃult ｔo ｒead、（主语) 2、Do yｏu kｎｏw tｈe gentleman ｔhａｔ/ｗｈｏspoke just ｎｏw? 3、Ｙou can takｅａnything ( ｔhat)you like、(宾语) 4、Whaｔｉs thｅquestiｏｎ(ｔhat/whｉｃh) they aｒｅｔalｋing about? 5、Hｅreｉs theｍan （wｈo／whom/ｔhat) yｏu want tｏsee、 6、Ｓhe＇s no longeｒthe girl( that) sｈeｕsｅd to ｂe befｏre、（表语） 7、Ｏuｒhometｏwn iｓno ｌonger ｔhｅoｎe (thａt)it usｅｄto ｂe、(=Ｏｕr homeｔｏｗn iｓｎot tｈe sａｍe as it uｓed tｏｂe、 = Our hｏmｅtｏwn is diffeｒenｔfrom what iｔｕｓｅｄtｏｂe。 =Ouｒhometｏｗn ｉs notｗhａt it uｓed to ｂe、) ●which：指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语。如： 1、Thｅboｏk which/thａｔwas ｏn the ｄeｓkｗａsｂought bｙｍy fatｈer、(主语) 2、Tｈｅboｏk(whiｃh/tｈaｔ) Ｉｂｏught yesteｒdaｙｉs very
宾语从句 1、定义 如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个宾语，那么这个句子就是宾语从句。 2、与简单句的区分 例：*I love teaching.---简单句 *I love what he is doing.---宾语从句 ★宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。 例：*We can learn what we did not know. *I don't agree with what you said at the meeting. 3、语序 宾语从句的语序一般都为陈述句语序。 A.一般情况下，即使是有疑问词，从句仍然是陈述句式。 例：This book will show you what the best CEOs know. 这本书会告诉你最棒的总经理知道什么。 Can you figure out what the poet really means in this poem. 你能理解诗人在这首诗里真正想表达的是什么吗？ B.但个别宾语从句本应用陈述语序，可由于习惯而保持原疑问语序不变。例：I don't know what is the matter with him. I have no idea what was the matter with him. 我不知到他到底怎么了。 关于matter的从句都是疑问语序基本上说I don't know what is wrong也是
对的，可一般来说都是分成两句讲。 I don't know.Is anything wrong？/what's wrong with you. C.特殊类型的宾语从句：当主句中的谓语动词表示认为、建议、猜测时，如think,say,guess,suppose,suggest,say,believe,feel,consider等，这时宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why,就不能按照正常语序安排,经常会将这类词放在句首。 例：What course do you say I should take up this semester? Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year? 4、连接词（引导词） 1）陈述句做宾语（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导。在口语或非正式体中常省略。 例：I don’t know（that）Tom was late again. 2）一般疑问句做宾语，用if／whether引导，if或whether在宾语从句中不作成分。但if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。 例：I want to know if(whether)he lives there. He asked me whether(if)I could help him. ★if/whether的区别 A.从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether； B.及物动词discuss后的宾从，只用whether； C.if与whether都可以与or not连用，但后面紧跟着or not时只能用whether； D.介词后的宾从只用whether; E.后接动词不定式时用whether. 3）特殊疑问句做宾语，用特殊疑问词连接（宾语从句缺什么成分就选择相应的特殊疑问词）。
高中英语语法定语从句总复习 郴州资兴三中李俊才 定义：用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫 作定语从句。 一、关系带词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句 代替人代替物代替人或物主语Who which 主语Whom which that 宾语Whose (=of whom) Whose (=of which) that 例１：This is the detective who came from London. 例２：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. ２．关系代词的用法 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are burst into tears.（所有人都迸出眼泪。） (2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, most, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。 (3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。 There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated. (4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分 概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如： He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. (5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。
名词性从句复习完整版本学案 高考英语语法复习之名词性从句 名词性从句第一类 主语从句 1.____________you didn't know the rules won't be an excuse for your failure. 2.___________the storm will continue makes the public worried 3. It suddenly occurred to Rose ____________ she hadn't turned off the TV after leaving the room. (It 的语法功能是_______________________.) 4. It is often the case ____________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. (It 的语法功能是_______________________.) 5. As I searched the name Linda on the Internet, it became evident____________ there're two with the same name who look completely different. (It 的语法功能是_______________________.) 6. It is a pity ____________ you have missed the wonderful lecture. (It 的语法功能是_______________________.) 7.It is announced in today's newspaper____________ the president will pay a visit to China next week. (It 的语法功能是_______________________.) 8. It is believed ____________ children should learn to be responsible from the very beginning． (It 的语法功能是_______________________.) 9. ___________ he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised. 10. ___________ light travels faster than sound is known to us all.
高中英语定语从句讲解及练习 定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： （错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village （which）I visited last year. （对）I'll never forget the days （which）I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关
（1）表语从句 1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1) 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday. gh能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释： 1．连词because可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 2．在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。（2）主语从句 1．定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。 解释： 1．主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that
非限定性定语从句是英语语法中从句的一种，是定语从句的分支之一。作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。运用非限定性定语从句，尤其要注意其语法运用及其所表示的东西。 1 who引导的非限制性定语从句 Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook. 我们的向导，一个法裔加拿大人，擅长于烹调。 My gardener，who is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year. 我家的园丁非常悲观，他说今年将不结苹果。 2 whom引导的非限制性定语从句。 关系代词whom用于指人，在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语，作介词宾语时，介词可位于句末。 如：Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris. 彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。 Mr Smith，from whom I have learned a lot，is a famous scientist. 史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿学了许多东西。 3 whose引导的非限制性定语从句。 whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，在从句中作定语。whose通常指人，也可指动物或无生命的事物。 如：The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard. 那位小男孩学习很努力，他的父亲是位工程师。 Above the trees are the mountains, whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 在树林的高处是山，其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。 The play，whose style is rigidly formal，is typical of the period. 这剧本是那个时期的典型作品，风格拘谨刻板。 4 which引导的非限制性定语从句。 关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。 ①which指代主句中的名词，被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。 如：These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit. 这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。 She is an artist，which I am not. 她是一位艺术家，而我不是。 Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。 The two policemen were completely trusted，which in fact they were. 那两个警察完全受到信任，事实上，也真是如此。 ②which指代主句中的形容词。 如：She was very patient towards the children，which her husband seldom was. 她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。 She is always careless，which we should not be. 她总是马虎大意，我们可不应该这样。 ③which指代主句中的某个从句。
高中英语名词性从句专练100题 一、从句类别判断：划出下面主从复合句里所包含的从句，并指出其所属从句的类别。 1. Do you have any idea where they found the gold mine? 2. Do you know where they found the gold mine? 3. This is the island where they found the gold mine. 4. This island is the one where they found the gold mine. 5. This island is where they found the gold mine. 6. It was on this island that they found the gold mine. 7. Finally on the first day of October they reached an island, where they found a gold mine. 8. Finally on the first day of October they reached an island, one where they found a gold mine. 9. Finally on the first day of October they arrived where they found the gold mine. 10. Quite unexpectedly, what they found on the island was a gold mine. 11. They could never have imagined that they could find such a big gold mine on that island. 12. It surprised the whole country that they had found a gold mine on that island. 13. That they had found a big gold mine on an island surprised the whole country. 14. Word had it that they had found a gold mine on that island. 15. People flocked to the island after they heard that a gold mine was found there. 16. People flocked to the island after hearing the news that a gold mine was found there. 17. Locals found it hard to believe that there was such a big gold mine on this island. 18. Locals soon declared that they owned the gold mine. 19. Locals soon made an announcement that they owned the gold mine. 20. Under no circumstance should they accept the deal that locals owned half of the gold mine. 二、单句语法填空 21. _________ worries my classmate Mary a lot these days is that she puts on too much weight and she is frequently ill. 22. She has some doubts __________ she is eating too much fast food high in fat or sugar. 23. Maybe this is also a reason _________ she is becoming fatter and fatter these days, she thinks. 24. To find out _________ she can get slimmer and healthier has become her main task.. 25. But where she could get suggestions and ________ will give her advice puzzles her. 26. Jane Goodall’s research makes_______ clear that chimps actually eat meat. 27. Jane Goodall argues _________ wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment. 28. It’s not really surprising_______ Brie Larson won the Oscar award for Best Actress in a Leading Role as she’s so talented and hard working 29. Cloning has two major uses, one of ________ is that it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals. 30. No one knows exactly _________ the earth began, as it happened so long ago. 31. The “Big Bang” happened several billion years ago, but _________ the earth was to become after that was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billions years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. 32. Some people have the idea ________ you can cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact ________ Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast. 33. It was a fter two days’ travel ________ the girls began to realize that Canada is quite empty.
名词性从句 【定义】一个句子在另一个句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语，相当于名词，故称为名词性从句。 【四大从句】名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一、主语从句 一个句子在另一个句子中充当主语，即句子充当主语，该句子称为主语从句。 【完成例句】 根据句意选词填空(that, if, whether, why, when, what) (1) That he will succeed is certain. (2) Whether he will go there is not known. (3) What he said is not true. (4) When the meeting will be held has not been decided yet. 【结论】①that－从句，从句为一个句意完整的陈述句，没有具体意义，不充当句子成分，只起标志性作用，但that 不能省略。 ②whether －从句，从句来源于一般疑问句，whether不能省略，意为“是否”，不能用if替换。 ③特殊疑问词－从句，从句来源于特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词不能省略，意思为特殊疑问词本来的意思，在从句中充当句子成分。 【疑难1】Who he is is none of my business. 【疑难剖析1】任何从句要用陈述句语序，即主谓语序。 【疑难2】That he likes English is known to us all. What he said at the meeting made me sad. 【疑难剖析2】主句时态为过去时，从句时态为过去的某一时态；主句时态为现在时或将来时，从句时态视具体情况而定。 【疑难3】That 2010 Asian Games are successful is known to all. 【疑难剖析3】单个句子作主语，视为单数。 【疑难3】It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film. It doesn't interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 【疑难剖析3】1．主语从句通常由it充当形式主语，而本身放在句子末尾。 2．it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who / whom。 3. 用it 作形式主语的常用结构[ ] ① It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that…事实是…… It is an honor that…非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that………是常识 ②It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that…很自然……
定语从句 一、基本概念： 定语： 定语从句： Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 引导词：关系词 关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 在从句中充当： 关系副词有：when, where, why. 在从句充当： 先行词： 定语从句中引关系词的作用： 二、关系词的用法： （一）关系代词的用法： 1． He is the man lives next door. The train has just left is for Shenzhen. 2． The man ________ we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book ___________I bought last week （二）关系副词的用法： 1． I still remember the time ________I first became a college student. Do you know the date __________Lincoln was born
(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1．这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2．当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day _________ my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days____________we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory____________radio parts are made. His father works in a factory______________makes radio parts. 三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1．限制性定语从句 This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you 2．非限制性定语从句 This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.
宾语从句 1，that 引导的宾语从句 I want to know that you are right 我想要知道你是对的。 2，if he whether 引导时 I want to know whether you are right =I want to know if you are right 我想要知道你是否是对的 3，其他连接词： I want to know how I can do it 我想要知道我如何做到。 4，动词后的宾语从句： I hope that you can be better 我希望你能更好 5，介词后的宾语从句 I worry about what you are doing 我担心你正在做什么 6，在有except，but ，besides 等词汇时，可以不做介词的宾语 I know nothing about him except that he is Chinese 除了他是一个老师，我一无所知7，形容词后的宾语从句，在表示态度，情感的词汇后面的宾语从句， ,We are satisfied that he can speak English 我们很满意他能说英语 宾语从句的几个小诀窍 1，陈述语气：I don’t what his name is 我不知道他叫什么名字 2，时态一致，事实，真理等句子只用一般现在时 I didn’t know where he was 我不知道他在哪里 He didn’t know one and one is two 他不知道一加一等于二
3，语气，在建议，要求，建议，命令等词汇后面要用虚拟语气 He suggested that I should do my homework 他建议我应该做我的作业。 4，宾语从句中的否定转移 I don’t think he is right 我认为他是错的 5，宾语从句that 不能省略的情况 1，有插入语的时候 It appears here ，on the blackboard，that it can change your life 黑板上显现着，它能改变你的生活 2，多重复合句出现时，that 在连接词之前 He said if you could be on time ，you could learn more 他说如果你能准时，你就能学到更多3，当it做形式宾语的时候， You may find it interesting that you can speak a lot of English 你也许会发现你能说很多英语是很有趣的 4，that 或者this在从句中做主语时 He said that this was important 他说这个很重要 He said that was important 他说那个很重要 5，由多个that引导的从句，第一个省略，后面的不省略 He said he was in America and that he could speak English 他说他在美国，并且他能说英语 6，当疑问连接词和that连用的时候 I know where he lives and that he has a good life 我知道他住在哪里并且他有一个很好的生活。7，that在句首引导从句时 That you can give me a lot of money I never imagine 我从没有想象过你能给我这么多的钱